The document discusses centrifugation, a technique used to separate particles from solutions based on size, shape, density, and other factors using centrifugal force. It covers various types of centrifugation, their operational mechanisms, historical developments, and applications, particularly in laboratory and clinical settings. Notably, it highlights the significance of preparative and analytical centrifuges in isolating and purifying biological materials.

1. DEPARTMENTOF STUDIESIN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Shivagangothri, Davangere -07
SEMINARTOPIC : CENTRIFUGATION TYPES AND IT’S
APPLICATIONS
Presented by:
MOHAMMED ASIF KILLEDAR

2.  INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 TYPE OF CENTRIFUGATION
 OPERATION
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCULSION
 REFERENCE

3. Centrifugation is a technique, based upon the behaviour of
particles in an applied centrifugal filed.
Centrifugation is a mechanical process which involves the use
of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution
according to their size, shape, density, medium viscosity and
rotor speed.
The denser components of the mixture migrate away from the
axis of the centrifuge, while the less dense components of the
mixture migrate towards the axis.
 precipitate (pellet) will travel quickly and fully to the bottom
of the tube.
The remaining liquid that lies above the precipitate is called
a supernatant.

4.  In 1923 Theodore Svedberg
developed the first high speed
centrifuge to separate large
grain sols(sediment particles).
 Nobel prize was awarded to
him for his research and the
invention of the
ultracentrifuge.
 Centrifuges quickly became a
laboratory equipment .
 Cellular organelle
identification in 1929.

5. Preparative
Centrifugation
Density
gradient
centrifugation
Rate Zonal
centrifugation
Isopycnic
centrifugation
Differential
centrifugation
Analytical
centrifugation

6.  It is mainly used to actual
separation, isolatio,
purification (eg. Whole blood
cells, Subcellular organelles,
Plasma membrane )
 Preparative centrifuge is
capable of spinning rotors to
maximum speed of 80,000 rev
min -1.
 Temperature monitoring
system is sophisticated than in
simpler instruments.
 Overspeed control system is
provided.

7.  It allow separation of many
or all components in a
mixture and allows for
measurement to be made.
 To further separate biological
particles of similar size but
differing densities,
ultracentrifugation with pre-
formed density gradients is
the method of choice.
 There are two methods
 Rate zonal and isopycnic
centrifugation.

8.  The particles will begin
sedimenting in separate zones
according to their size shape and
density.
 The larger particles will be able
to travel to the bottom layer
because they are more massive.
 Technique is used to separate
enzyme, hormone, DNA-RNA
hybrids, ribosomal subunits.
 Can separate proteins with
similar density and different
molecular mass easily.

9.  In this type of centrifugation,
the solution contains a greater
range of densities.
 Each particle will sediment
only to the position in the
centrifuge tube at which the
gradient density is equal to its
own density.
 In isopycnic centrifigation
separation of particles occurs
into zones on the basis of their
density differences,
independent of time.
 Technique is used to separate
and purify linear and circular
forms of DNA.

10.  It is a common procedure in
microbiology and cytology used to
separate certain organelles from
whole cells for further analysis of
specific parts of cells.
 In the process, a tissue sample is
first homogenized to break the cell
membranes and mix up the cell
contents.
 At the end of each step the pellet
and the supernatant is separated.

11.  It is used to study of
sedimentation characteristics
of biological macromolecules
and molecular structures.
 Analytical Centrifuge is
Capable of speed
approching70,00 rev min -1.
 Spins a rotor at an
accurately controlled speed
and temperature.
 It is used to conclude the
purity, relative molecular
mass and shape of material.

12.  Tubes recommended by their manufacturer should be
used.
 Top of tube should not extend so far above the bucket.
 Cleanliness-minimizing the possible of infection.
 Speed of centrifuge should be checked once 3m.
 Centrifuge timer to be checked per week.

13.  Centrifugation can be employed to separate a mixture
of two different miscible liquids.
 Chalk can be separated from water with the help of a
centrifuge.
 Another important application of this technique is in
the stabilization and clarification of wine.
 In clinical laboratory, centrifugation is used to ;
 Remove cellular elements from blood to provide
cell free plasma or serum for analysis.
 Remove chemically precipitated protein from an
analytical specimen.
 Separate lipid components.

14. The centrifugation is an instrument used in nearly
every research lab across the globe. Centrifugation is
the process by which a centrifuge is used to separate
complex mixture. There is no force that pushes an
object away from the center of its rotation. The reason
the object moves in a circle is because it wants to
continue to move in a straight line tangent to the
circular path.

15.  Pollock.J.C. (1986).Centrifuge., Publisher:bantam
doubleday dell publishing group inc., New delhi p-304
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