The document provides an overview of cement production. It discusses the history of cement, which was first invented by Egyptians and later refined by Greeks and Romans. The key raw materials used are limestone and materials containing clay and silica. Approximately 3,400 pounds of raw materials are needed to produce one ton of Portland cement. The mixture is ground, burned at high temperatures to form clinker, and then ground again with gypsum to produce cement. The document outlines the cement production process and discusses the chemistry and properties of cement, as well as the industry, environmental impacts, and alternatives.

1. MATERIAL
FROM QUARRY
MATERIAL
FROM QUARRY
Faculty of graduate studies and advanced science
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Mohamed Abuelseoud
Asst. Lecturer in environment and industry development department
Prepared by:
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2. MATERIAL
FROM QUARRY
MATERIAL
FROM QUARRY
Introduction
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History
Cement was first invented by the Egyptians. Cement was
later reinvented by the Greeks who made their mortar out of
lime. Later, the Romans produced cement from pozzolana, an
ash found in all of the volcanic areas of Italy, by mixing the ash
with lime.
The Egyptiens discovered lime
and gypsum mortar but to build
Pyramids they used only stones.

3.  Raw Materials
There are two types of raw materials which are combined to make
cement:
1. Lime-containing materials, such as limestone.
2. Clay and clay-like materials, such as slag from blast furnaces,
bauxite, iron ore, silica, sand, etc.
It takes approximately 3,400 lbs*. of raw materials to make one
ton (2,000 lbs*.) of Portland cement.
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Ibs* : Irritable bowel syndrome
 Defination
Cement is a fine powder which, when mixed with water,
forms a thick paste. When this paste is mixed with sand and
gravel and allowed to dry it is called concrete.

4. 4
Process
The mixture of materials is finely ground in a raw mill. The
resultant raw mix is burned in a rotary kiln at temperatures
around 1450 degrees Celsius to form clinker. The clinker
nodules are then ground with about 3 - 5 % gypsum to produce
cement with a fineness typically of less than 90 micrometers.
Simple process diagram
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5. Course Agenda
5
Cement Chemistry
Cement Industry and Technology.
Cement and Environment.
Cement Alternatives.
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6. Cement Chemistry
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7. 7CEMENT COURSE

8. 8
1. Quarries.
2. Respecting Standers EN 197-1
3. Owing ISO 9001 & 14001
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9. 9
The study of a cement plant starts with the search for raw
materials and the identification of their chemical and
physical characteristics,.The next stage is to select the
appropriate process for preparing the raw meal by evaluating
the raw materials needed to obtain the clinker-after that
cements, looking at each and every stage of manufacture
(quarry extraction, crushing, pre-homogenization, control and
homogenization system, burn process, etc.), Looking after
solutions to make easy the quality control.
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10.  All reactions inside the kiln are solid-solid reactions and
depending on the kiln burn-ability and kiln rpm.
10
Calcinations zone Transition zone Burning zoneLiquid zone
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11. The principal phases of the clinker are:
A. Alite (C3S).
B. Belite(C2S).
C. Aluminate (C3A).
D. Ferrite low quantity (C4AF).
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12. 12CEMENT COURSE
Gypsum added to the clinker during grinding not
only regulates the setting time but also modifies some
properties of the hardened paste such as the
mechanical strength, shrinkage, resistance to sulfate
attack and the heat of hydration.
All of these properties represent optimum values in
relation to the given dosages of gypsum (3.0 – 5.0 %)

13. Course Agenda
13
Cement Chemistry
Cement Industry and Technology.
Cement and Environment.
Cement Alternatives.
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14. 14CEMENT COURSE

15. 15
1. CEM I Portland cement,
2. CEM II Portland-composite cement,
3. CEM III Blast furnace cement,
4. CEM IV Pozzolanic cement,
5. CEM V Composite cement.
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16. 16
Physical
Properties
Mechanical Strength
Setting Time
Fineness
Rapid expansion
Mixing Water
Free Lime Content
Chemical
Properties
Loss On Ignition
Moisture Content
Oxides & modules Content
Suliphate Content
Chloride Content
InsoluableResidue
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17. 17CEMENT COURSE
1. Balance With 1,2,3 and 4 scale.
2. Muffle furnace.
3. Drier.
4. Pending and mechanical strength machine.
5. Mixer.
6. Jolting.
7. Water Path.
8. Humidity Cabinet.
9. Moulds.
10. Vicat Apparatus.
11. Le-chatelle
12. Shaker.
13. All glass tools should have the same type A or B.

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1. Caliper.
2. Thermo-cabel.
3. Gas Analyzer.
4. Humidity-meter
5. Wet Set.
6. Water Level.
7. Stop Watch.
8. Potable Thermo-meter.

19. 19
Wet Process Dry Process
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20. 20
 Cement industry has developed day by day in order to save
energy ( power & oil ) and no negative impact on the
surrounded environment by installing new filter system.
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Chromium Reducer Bag House Filter

21. Course Agenda
21
Cement Chemistry
Cement Industry and Technology.
Cement and Environment.
Cement Alternatives.
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22. 22
Cement and
Environment
CO2
Emission
Manithabel
Wastes
Agriculture
Waters
Recycle of
HFO.
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23. Course Agenda
23
Cement Chemistry
Cement Industry and Technology.
Cement and Environment.
Cement Alternatives.
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24. Cement Alternatives.
24
Geo-polymers
When raw materials consumed all over
the world cement industry will be history
and the future will be for geo-polymers
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25. Thank You
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