1. CMAST 1
International Humanitarian Law andInternational Humanitarian Law and
the Geneva Conventionsthe Geneva Conventions

2. CMAST 2

3. CMAST 3
IHLIHL
 TreatiesTreaties
regulate theregulate the
conduct ofconduct of
hostilities.hostilities.
 DoD policy toDoD policy to
adhere toadhere to
these treaties.these treaties.

4. CMAST 4
IHLIHL
 Protects peopleProtects people
who are not or arewho are not or are
no longerno longer
participating inparticipating in
hostilities.hostilities.
 Purpose- limit andPurpose- limit and
prevent humanprevent human
suffering.suffering.

5. CMAST 5
What kind of human rights areWhat kind of human rights are
commonly violated in armedcommonly violated in armed
conflicts?conflicts?

6. CMAST 6
 Observed byObserved by
governmentsgovernments
and their armedand their armed
forces.forces.
 GenevaGeneva
ConventionsConventions
establishestablish
humanitarianhumanitarian
protections.protections.
IHLIHL

7. CMAST 7
 Protects people not takingProtects people not taking
part in the fightingpart in the fighting
- civilians- civilians
- medics- medics
- chaplains- chaplains
- humanitarian aid- humanitarian aid
workersworkers
IHLIHL

8. CMAST 8
 Protects peopleProtects people
who can nowho can no
longer fight:longer fight:
- wounded or sick- wounded or sick
soldierssoldiers
- prisoners of war- prisoners of war

9. CMAST 9
 Civilians and civilian property may notCivilians and civilian property may not
be the subject of a military attack.be the subject of a military attack.

10. CMAST 10
 Soldiers who have ceased to fightSoldiers who have ceased to fight
because of illness or injury are to bebecause of illness or injury are to be
protected.protected.

11. CMAST 11
Prisoners of WarPrisoners of War
 Captors mustCaptors must
respectrespect
(not attack) and(not attack) and
protect (care for)protect (care for)
those whothose who
surrender.surrender.

12. CMAST 12
 Chaplains and assistants are protected.Chaplains and assistants are protected.

13. CMAST 13
Medical PersonnelMedical Personnel
 All AMEDDAll AMEDD
personnel assignedpersonnel assigned
to AMEDD dutiesto AMEDD duties
are protected.are protected.
 Two types ofTwo types of
protection:protection:
– Protection fromProtection from
attackattack
– Protection uponProtection upon
capturecapture

14. CMAST 14
Are support people who do notAre support people who do not
directly treat casualties in adirectly treat casualties in a
protected status?protected status?

15. CMAST 15
Protection from AttackProtection from Attack
 Medical personnelMedical personnel
are noncombatants.are noncombatants.
 May lose protectiveMay lose protective
status if performingstatus if performing
duties that areduties that are
“harmful to the“harmful to the
enemy.”enemy.”

16. CMAST 16
Can medical people do anythingCan medical people do anything
other than treat patients?other than treat patients?

17. CMAST 17
Protection Upon CaptureProtection Upon Capture
 If captured, medical personnel areIf captured, medical personnel are
“retained personnel”, not POWs.“retained personnel”, not POWs.
- Can only be required to perform- Can only be required to perform
medical dutiesmedical duties

18. CMAST 18
 If captured, medicalIf captured, medical
personnel are “retainedpersonnel are “retained
personnel”, not POWs.personnel”, not POWs.
- Must receive all- Must receive all
benefits that POWsbenefits that POWs
receive.receive.
- Retained only as long- Retained only as long
as needed to care foras needed to care for
wounded.wounded.
Protection Upon CaptureProtection Upon Capture

19. CMAST 19
Protected Medical Facilities andProtected Medical Facilities and
TransportsTransports
 All U.S. medicalAll U.S. medical
facilities/transportsfacilities/transports
display the emblem ofdisplay the emblem of
the Geneva conventions.the Geneva conventions.
 Emblems authorized areEmblems authorized are
the “Red Cross” and thethe “Red Cross” and the
“Red Crescent.”“Red Crescent.”

20. CMAST 20
What if we deploy to a countryWhat if we deploy to a country
that doesn’t allow or recognizethat doesn’t allow or recognize
“Christian” symbols?“Christian” symbols?

21. CMAST 21
 Medical establishments may not beMedical establishments may not be
intentionally attacked.intentionally attacked.
 Medical supplies are not intentionallyMedical supplies are not intentionally
destroyed.destroyed.

22. CMAST 22
 Do not place medical facilities nearDo not place medical facilities near
military objectives, if at all possible.military objectives, if at all possible.

23. CMAST 23
 Protected medicalProtected medical
transports include:transports include:
- ambulances- ambulances
- medical ships- medical ships
- medical aircraft- medical aircraft

24. CMAST 24
Can a commander order theCan a commander order the
removal of the Red Cross andremoval of the Red Cross and
still use the vehicle for medicalstill use the vehicle for medical
purposes?purposes?

25. CMAST 25
Can a commander use anCan a commander use an
ambulance for a nonmedicalambulance for a nonmedical
purpose?purpose?
What about convoys? AreWhat about convoys? Are
ambulances still protected?ambulances still protected?

26. CMAST 26
Medical AircraftMedical Aircraft
 Must be clearlyMust be clearly
marked.marked.
 Flights over enemyFlights over enemy
territory areterritory are
prohibited.prohibited.
 Must obeyMust obey
summons to land.summons to land.

27. CMAST 27
Understanding Self-DefenseUnderstanding Self-Defense
 Medical personnel areMedical personnel are
entitled to defendentitled to defend
themselves and theirthemselves and their
patients.patients.
 Small defensive armsSmall defensive arms
are permitted.are permitted.

28. CMAST 28
What happens if medicalWhat happens if medical
personnel use these defensivepersonnel use these defensive
weapons to fire at enemyweapons to fire at enemy
soldiers?soldiers?

29. CMAST 29
 Use of or mounting of offensive weaponsUse of or mounting of offensive weapons
on dedicated medical evacuation vehicleson dedicated medical evacuation vehicles
jeopardizes the Geneva protection.jeopardizes the Geneva protection.

30. CMAST 30
Treating and GuardingTreating and Guarding
DetaineesDetainees
 Refers to anyRefers to any
person capturedperson captured
or detainees byor detainees by
an armed force.an armed force.

31. CMAST 31
Detainee CategoriesDetainee Categories
 Enemy Prisoner of War (EPW)Enemy Prisoner of War (EPW)
 Civilian Internee (CI)Civilian Internee (CI)
 Retained Person (RP)Retained Person (RP)
 Other Detainees (OD)Other Detainees (OD)
 Enemy Combatant (EC)Enemy Combatant (EC)

32. CMAST 32
Treating and GuardingTreating and Guarding
DetaineesDetainees
 We are required to afford certain rights toWe are required to afford certain rights to
all detainees.all detainees.

33. CMAST 33
Why should we care about theWhy should we care about the
welfare of the enemy?welfare of the enemy?

34. CMAST 34
 Always treat a captured person as a POWAlways treat a captured person as a POW
initially.initially.
 5 Ss:5 Ss:
– SearchSearch
– SegregateSegregate
– SilenceSilence
– SafeguardSafeguard
– SpeedSpeed

35. CMAST 35
 Medical standard of care for detainees isMedical standard of care for detainees is
the same as for U.S. Forces.the same as for U.S. Forces.
 Priority based on severity of injury - not thePriority based on severity of injury - not the
uniform.uniform.

36. CMAST 36
 Detainees will not be left without medicalDetainees will not be left without medical
care.care.

37. CMAST 37
Initial Actions Upon CaptureInitial Actions Upon Capture
 Non-injuredNon-injured
detainees will bedetainees will be
evacuated asevacuated as
quickly asquickly as
possible.possible.
 Sick and woundedSick and wounded
detainees will bedetainees will be
evacuatedevacuated
separately.separately.

38. CMAST 38
Actions Upon Capture-CavityActions Upon Capture-Cavity
SearchesSearches
 Body cavity searches performed for validBody cavity searches performed for valid
medical reasons- not part of routine intakemedical reasons- not part of routine intake
PE.PE.
 Cavity searches conducted only if there is aCavity searches conducted only if there is a
reasonable belief detainee is concealingreasonable belief detainee is concealing
items.items.
 Conducted by same gender, if possible.Conducted by same gender, if possible.

39. CMAST 39
Evacuation/Care of DetaineesEvacuation/Care of Detainees
 Units will categorize sick and woundedUnits will categorize sick and wounded
detainees as walking or non-walkingdetainees as walking or non-walking
wounded.wounded.
 Delivered to nearest medical facility.Delivered to nearest medical facility.

40. CMAST 40
Medical Care for DetaineesMedical Care for Detainees
 Detainees will not be denied medical care.Detainees will not be denied medical care.

41. CMAST 41
Medical Care for Detainees-Medical Care for Detainees-
InprocessingInprocessing
 Screening medical examination.Screening medical examination.
 Medical record created during in-process.Medical record created during in-process.
 Facility will provide Geneva ConventionsFacility will provide Geneva Conventions
in detainee language.in detainee language.

42. CMAST 42
Care for Detainees - OutpatientCare for Detainees - Outpatient
 Daily sick call - cared for separately.Daily sick call - cared for separately.
 Military bearing maintained.Military bearing maintained.

43. CMAST 43
Care for Detainees - OutpatientCare for Detainees - Outpatient
 Medical SupportMedical Support
includes:includes:
– First AidFirst Aid
– Preventive MedicinePreventive Medicine
– Medical ServicesMedical Services
– Coordinate MedicalCoordinate Medical
EPWs, CI and RPEPWs, CI and RP

44. CMAST 44
 Every camp will have aEvery camp will have a
clinic.clinic.
 Detainees can beDetainees can be
isolated.isolated.
 Immunizations given.Immunizations given.
 SeriousSerious
illness/surgery.illness/surgery.
 Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation.
Care for DetaineesCare for Detainees

45. CMAST 45
Medical Care for DetaineesMedical Care for Detainees
 Medical records kept atMedical records kept at
every level.every level.
 Copies sent to ICRC.Copies sent to ICRC.
 Monthly medicalMonthly medical
inspections.inspections.
 Periodic sanitaryPeriodic sanitary
inspections.inspections.

46. CMAST 46
Medical Care for DetaineesMedical Care for Detainees
 Detainees will NOT beDetainees will NOT be
handcuffed or tied.handcuffed or tied.
 Exceptions: medicalExceptions: medical
restraint or to ensurerestraint or to ensure
safe custody.safe custody.

47. CMAST 47
DetaineesDetainees
 Inhumane treatmentInhumane treatment
is prohibitedis prohibited
 Protect against allProtect against all
violenceviolence

48. CMAST 48
Transporting DetaineesTransporting Detainees
 Provide sufficient:Provide sufficient:
– FoodFood
– WaterWater
– ClothingClothing
– ShelterShelter
– Medical attentionMedical attention

49. CMAST 49
 Medical personnelMedical personnel do notdo not guard detainee patients.guard detainee patients.

50. CMAST 50
Suppose you were given anSuppose you were given an
unlawful order? What wouldunlawful order? What would
you do?you do?

51. CMAST 51
Violations of the Law of WarViolations of the Law of War
 Try to get the orderTry to get the order
rescinded.rescinded.
 Remind the personRemind the person
that the order isthat the order is
unlawful.unlawful.
 Disregard the order.Disregard the order.
 Report the violation.Report the violation.

52. CMAST 52
Reporting ViolationsReporting Violations
 11stst
option: Chain of Commandoption: Chain of Command
 Other options:Other options:
– IGIG
– Provost MarshallProvost Marshall
– MPsMPs
– Judge AdvocateJudge Advocate
– ChaplainChaplain

53. CMAST 53
A wounded EPW is in yourA wounded EPW is in your
facility. You think he knowsfacility. You think he knows
the locations of enemy units;the locations of enemy units;
can you deny him medicalcan you deny him medical
treatment until he tells thetreatment until he tells the
interrogators what they want?interrogators what they want?

54. CMAST 54
Protecting Civilians in WartimeProtecting Civilians in Wartime
 Geneva ConventionsGeneva Conventions
contain specific rulescontain specific rules
to protect civilians.to protect civilians.
 Safety, honor, familySafety, honor, family
rights, religiousrights, religious
practices, manners,practices, manners,
and customs are toand customs are to
be respected.be respected.

55. CMAST 55
A unit is conducting a search inA unit is conducting a search in
an urban area. As they go froman urban area. As they go from
building to building, a fewbuilding to building, a few
weapons are discovered. Inweapons are discovered. In
one home, they find interestingone home, they find interesting
art objects and decide to takeart objects and decide to take
them. Is this a war crime?them. Is this a war crime?

56. CMAST 56
Protecting Civilians in WartimeProtecting Civilians in Wartime
 ViolenceViolence
 DiscriminationDiscrimination
 ChildrenChildren

57. CMAST 57
You are a soldier medic assigned to anYou are a soldier medic assigned to an
infantry company which has successfullyinfantry company which has successfully
overrun an enemy position. You comeoverrun an enemy position. You come
across a medical unit just behind enemyacross a medical unit just behind enemy
lines.lines.
What are your duties towards the medicalWhat are your duties towards the medical
personnel in the unit?personnel in the unit?
What are your duties towards theWhat are your duties towards the
wounded being cared for?wounded being cared for?

58. CMAST 58
You come across two enemyYou come across two enemy
soldiers acting as littersoldiers acting as litter
bearers, carrying a woundedbearers, carrying a wounded
comrade.comrade.
How are they to be treated?How are they to be treated?

59. CMAST 59
Questions?Questions?