This document provides information on various building materials with a focus on steel. It discusses the properties and uses of steel, what steel and alloys are, common alloys like bronze and brass. It also discusses the properties and uses of aluminium. The document then covers how steel is used in furniture making, the process of cutting steel into shapes using CNC machines. It provides sizes of steel sheets and plates and how weight is calculated based on thickness. Finally, it summarizes different construction techniques using steel for floors, roofs, and walls.

1. BUILDING MATERIALS

2. BUILDING MATERIALS
1.CONCRETE
2.CEMENT
3.SAND
4.BRICKS
5.STEEL
6.WOOD
7.GLASS
8.TILES
9.PVC & UPVC

3. STEEL
UNIT 5

4. CONTENETS
• Steel & Other metal alloys
• Properties & Uses
• Steel used for furniture
• Making
• Sizes
• Availability of steels , functions & shapes
• Construction
• Floors
• Roofs
• Walls

5. What is steel?
• Alloy of Iron & Carbon
• Less than 2% carbon & 1% manganese
• Silicon , phosphorus , Sulphur & Oxygen
• Most important in Engineering & Construction Material

6. What is Aluminium?
• Aluminium is a silvery-white metal
• chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13
• approximately one third that of steel
• affinity towards oxygen, and forms a protective layer of oxide on the
surface when exposed to air.

7. What is alloys ?
• Metallic substance composed of
two or more elements, as either a
compound or a solution.
• The components of alloys are
ordinarily themselves metals,
though carbon, a nonmetal, is an
essential constituent of steel

8. What are all the alloys ?
• Bronze
• Steel
• Brass
• Alnico
• Solder
• Cast iron
• Sterling silver
• White gold

9. Properties & Uses of Steel
Properties
• Hardness
• Toughness
• Durability
• Ductility
• Tensile
Uses
• Cars
• Construction material
• Refrigerators
• Washing machines
• Cargo ships
• Office furniture
• Steel wool , tool
• armour

10. Properties & Uses of Aluminium
Properties
• Hardness
• Malleability
• Conductivity
• Ductility
• ability to form alloys
• qualities of appearance
Uses
• Power lines. ...
• High-rise buildings. ...
• Window frames. ...
• Consumer electronics. ...
• Household and industrial
appliances. ...
• Aircraft components. ...
• Spacecraft components. ...
• Ships

11. Hardness
• Ability to withstand friction
and abrasion
• It is worth noting that, while it
may mean the same as
strength and toughness in
colloquial language.
• Commercially pure aluminum
is soft.
• It is strengthened when
alloyed and tempered.

12. Toughness
• ability to absorb energy
without fracturing or rupturing
• defined as a material’s
resistance to fracture when
stressed
• Aluminium has a low density,
measured by gravity in
comparison to water, of 2.70.
Compare this to the density of
iron/steel which has a density
of 7.87
• Aluminium is corrosive
resistant due to a self-
protecting oxide layer

13. Durability
• strength is a measurement of
the force required to start the
deformation of the material
• Commercially pure aluminium
has a melting point of
approximately 1220°F and a
boiling point of approximately
4,478°F. These change once
aluminum is alloyed.

14. Ductility
• The “Degree” to which the
material can be stretched or
compressed before it breaks
• what percent does the
material bend before breaking
• High ductility. Aluminum can
be beaten very thin
• High malleability. Aluminum is
very capable of being shaped
or bent.

15. Tensile
• strength is a measurement of
the force required to break
the material
• Aluminium has a thermal
expansion coefficient of 23.2.
This is between zinc—which
expands more—and steel,
which expands half the range
of aluminum.

16. Steel Used For furniture
• Stainless Steel is used very extensively for most modern
interior furnishings involving metal.
• Durability is the main advantage of metal furniture. For
example, not many types of non-metal furniture can remain
outside during winter and still look good when spring arrives.
• If cared for properly, metal furniture can last up to 30 years.
Because most metal furniture is treated for rust and heat
resistance, it doesn't need much maintenance.

17. Making of steel furniture

18. Making of steel furniture
• Aluminum alloys.
• aluminum blended with a different metal to achieve improved strength
• making lightweight furniture like outdoor or office furniture
• against rust and other effects of weather such as warping
• Wrought iron.
• durability that can span decades if well cared for
• prone to rust, treated and all parts covered in paint
• outdoor furniture and pieces that do not require much movement
because it is heavy.

19. Making of steel furniture
• Stainless steel.
• solution for manufacturing furniture for areas that need to be kept
sterile like kitchens and hospitals.
• It is relatively lightweight, rust-proof, and easy to clean
• CNC (Computer Numerical Control)
• cut metal into shapes and dimensions
• designer creates a Computer-Aided Design sketch
• upload it to the CNC machine's reader
• reads the CAD design and controls the power tool to cut the sheets
• high accuracy and high tolerances because its tools are all controlled
by a computer system

20. Sizes of steel furniture's
• Steel sheets and plates are typical stocked as size 2000 mm x
3000 mm
• Weight per sq. meter of hot rolled mild steel plates can be
calculated as
W = 7.85 t
where
W = weight of steel plate (kg/m2)
t = plate thickness (mm)

21. Plate Thickness
(mm)
Weight
(kg/m2)
1.6 12.6
2.0 15.7
2.5 19.6
3 23.6
3.2 25.1
4 31.4
5 39.3
6 47.1
8 62.8
10 78.5
12.5 98.1
15 118
20 157
22.5 177
25 196
30 236
32 251
35 275
40 314
45 353
50 393
55 432
60 471
65 510
70 550
75 589
80 628
90 707
100 785
110 864
120 942
130 1051
150 1178
160 1256
180 1413
200 1570
250 1963
Sizes of steel furniture’s in mm &
its weight
W = 7.85 t

22. Construction of floors
Steel open and closed grated flooring is a cost-effective solution
for large areas of flooring in industrial and commercial buildings
• Different types
• Short-span composite beams and composite slabs with metal decking
• Slimdek floor system
• Cellular composite beams with composite slabs and steel decking
• Slimflor beams with precast concrete units
• Long-span composite beams and composite slabs with metal decking
• Composite beams with precast concrete units
• Non-composite beams with precast concrete units

23. Short-span composite beams and composite
slabs with metal decking
• Various steel deck profiles are available and their span
ranges are from 3m to 4m.
• thickness of the beams ranges from 0.9 m to 1.2m;
• slab thickness is 130mm
• steel deck depth is about 60mm.
• The span of primary beams varies between 6m and 9m
secondary beam span ranges from 6m to 7.5m.

24. Long-Span Composite Beams and
Composite Slabs with Metal Decking
• two main beam arrangements for this floor system.
• at spacing of 3 to 4m and act as secondary beams
• short span secondary beams and these beams are
supported by long span primary beams

25. Composite Beams with Precast Concrete
Units
• steel beams on which shear studs are welded
• precast units is 150-160mm for hollow units and 75-
100mm for solid units
• span of both beams and precast concrete units are
between 6m and 9m
• entire floor thickness if around 900mm

26. Slim flor Beams with Precast Concrete
Units
• slim beam and precast
concrete slab
• span ranges from 4.5m to
7.5m
• 150mm for span of 6m,
200mm for span of 7.5m ,
260-300 mm for span of 9m

27. Construction of Roof
• the steel roof truss is becoming increasingly popular
• primarily used in buildings and houses which walls are also
based on a steel frame.
• when a flat roof is converted into a pitched roof.
• lightweight steel roof structure is used
• used for large-area buildings, such as warehouses and
supermarkets

28. Advantages of steel structures
• it is easy and quick to erect
• it has high strength
• it is a relatively cheap solution
• it does not require drying out or maintenance,
• lighter than wooden rafter framing,
• high resistance to adverse weather conditions,
• steel elements are covered with special additional protective
and anti-corrosive coatings.

29. Dis-Advantages of steel structures
• corrosion proofing must be carried out
• protective coating is scratched, it will become susceptible to
corrosion
• does not require regular maintenance, regular inspections are
required,
• low weight, heavy roofing, such as ceramic and especially
cement tiles, cannot be laid on it,
• Cost more than their wooden counterparts
• for large or complicated roofs, steel trusses may prove to be an
uneconomical solution

30. Construction of walls
• Light steel framed infill walls
• Light steel separating walls
• Masonry infill walls
• Concrete infill wall
• Timber framed infill walls

31. Light steel framed infill walls
• light steel components used in infill
walls
• C sections and U sections of 75 to 150
mm
• The galvanizing (zinc layer) provides
excellent durability
• 400 or 600 mm spacing

32. Light steel separating walls
• light steel infill walls and are used to provide acoustic
separation and fire compartmentation
• C sections of 55 to 90 mm depth
• internal pressure of 0.5 kN/m²
• (typically 0.9 mm thick)

33. Concrete infill wall
• large precast concrete panels
• dictated by the column spacing
• bear onto the floor slab using a boot
arrangement, and are bolted back to
the structure on the level above or
below.
• Weights approximately 300 kg/m²
• widths of between 3 and 9 m and
height of 3.5 to 4.2 m

34. Q & A

35. Thank You