This document provides an overview of CDMA and WiMAX technologies as well as the components that make up a BSS (Base Station Subsystem) in a CDMA network, including the BSC (Base Station Controller) and BTS (Base Transceiver Station). It describes the functions of the BSC and BTS, their interfaces, and configurations including components like the CIPS (Common Interface Processing Subrack) in the BSC and modules in the DBS3900 distributed antenna system.

1. BSS course

2.  CDMA overviewCDMA overview
 WiMAX overviewWiMAX overview
 BSCBSC
 BTSBTS

3.  CDMA overviewCDMA overview
 WiMAX overviewWiMAX overview
 BSCBSC
 BTSBTS

4. 1st
Generation
1980s (analog)
2nd
Generation 1990s
(digital)
3rd
Generation
current (digital)
3G provides:
 Complete integrated service solutions
 High bandwidth
AMPS
Analog to Digital
TACS
OTHERS
GSM
CDMA
IS95
TDMA
IS-136
UMTS
WCDMA
CDMA
2000
TD-
SCDMA
Voice to Broadband

5. Traffic channels: different users
are assigned unique code and
transmitted over the same
frequency band, for example,
WCDMA and CDMA2000
Traffic channels: different frequency bands are
allocated to different users,for example, AMPS
and TACS
Traffic channels: different time slots are
allocated to different users, for example,
DAMPS and GSM
Frequency
Time
Power
Frequency
Time
Power
Frequency
Time
Power
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
User
User
User
User
User
User

6. CDMA2000 1X
Code-Division Multiple Access, a digital cellular technology
that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike competing
systems, such as GSM, that use TDMA, CDMA does not
assign a specific frequency to each user. Instead, every
channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual
conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital
sequence. CDMA consistently provides better capacity for
voice and data communications than other commercial
mobile technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect
at any given time, and it is the common platform on which
3G technologies are built.

7. IS95A
9.6kbps
IS95A
115.2kbps
CDMA2000 307.2kbps
 Heavier voice
service capacity ;
 Longer period of
standby time
CDMA2000
3X
CDMA2000 1X
EV
1X EV-DO
1X EV-DV
1995 1998
2000
2003
 Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity
 Higher packet data rate and more diversified services
 Smooth transit to 3G
Introduction

8. InterleavingSource
coding
Convolution
&
Interleaving
Scrambling Spreading Modulation
RF
transmission
Source
decoding
deinterleavingDecovolution
&
Deinterleaving
Unscrambling De-spreading Demodulation RF receiving

9.  Bit, Symbol, Chip:
 A bit is the input data which contain information
 A symbol is the output of the convolution, encoder,
and the block interleaving
 A chip is the output of spreading
 Processing Gain:
 Processing gain is the ratio of chip rate to the bit
rate.
 The processing gain in IS-95 system is 128, about
21dB.
 Forward direction: Information path from base station to
mobile station
 Reverse direction: Information path from mobile station
to base station

10. BTS
Power Control Bit
Eb/Nt Value FER Value
Inner Loop Power Control
Outer Loop Power Control
Change in Eb/Nt Value
BSC
BTS

11. Soft handoff
It is a process of establishing a link with a target sector before breaking the link
with the serving sector
Softer handoff
Like the soft handoff, but the handoff is occurred between multi-sectors in the
same base station
Hard handoff
Hard handoff occurs when the two sectors are not synchronized or are not on the
same frequency. Interruption in voice or data communication occurs but this
interruption does not effect the user communication

12. RAKE antennas help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance the
receive performance of the system
Receive set
Correlator 1
Correlator 2
Correlator 3
Searcher correlator
Calculate the time
delay and signal
strength
Combiner The combined
signal
tt
s(t) s(t)

13.  CDMA overviewCDMA overview
 WiMAX overviewWiMAX overview
 BSCBSC
 BTSBTS

14.  WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access)
is the commercial name for products based on the IEEE
802.16 standard as trade marked by the WiMAX Forum,
an association of companies representing the ecosystem
of the WiMAX technology.
 There are two commercial versions of WiMAX:
1. Fixed WiMAX based on IEEE 802.16d (or 802.16-2004,
approved in June 2004) and
2. Mobile WiMAX based on IEEE 802.16e-2005 (ratified in
December 2005). Mobile WiMAX can be used in both fixed and
mobile scenarios while Fixed WiMAX does not support mobility
features.

15.  WiMAX is generally considered a(4G) wireless access
technology that provides significant advancement in
throughput over existing wireless access technologies.
 These advancements are made possible because WiMAX
implements the following technologies which are common with
other 4G wireless access systems (most notably Long Term
Evolution – LTE):
1. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
2. Advanced Antenna Systems: Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
techniques
3. Flat-IP Architecture
 Reduces the total cost of ownership of the network
 reduces the deployment cycle to allow for faster time-to-operation of
the network.

16.  The Network Working Group (NWG) of the WiMAX Forum has
developed the Network Reference Model (NRM) which
identifies the functional entities and reference points over
which interoperability is achieved between the functional
entities. The NRM is divided into three functional entities:
1. The mobile station (MS).
2. The Access Service Network (ASN): includes the set of functions
allowing a WiMAX subscriber access to the radio network.
3. The Connectivity Service Network (CSN): is defined as the set of
network functions that provide IP connectivity services to a WiMAX
subscriber.

18.  CDMA overviewCDMA overview
 WiMAX overviewWiMAX overview
 BSCBSC
 BTSBTS

19. LE
MIP HA
AAA
PDSN/FA
Abis
BTS
A10/A11
Um
V5
LE
V5Optical
FiberSoftsite
Um
Remote Model
Abis
E1/STM-1
Module
RAC6610
BTS
BTS
SMC
Abis
FWT
INTERNET
Introduction

20. BSS is a concept used in the CDMA2000 1X network. It
consists of:
 Base transceiver station (BTS)
 Base Station Controller (BSC)
 Packet data serving node (PDSN)
The interface link witch is used with BSC are as follows:
 The interface between MS & BTS is UM interface
 ABIS used between BTS & BSC
 SS7 used between BSC & MSC
 A10/A11 used between BSC & PDSN
 A3/A7 between two BSCs

21.  The Airbridge BSC6600 Base Station Controller is a
solution based on CDMA system. It provides the
functions of BTS control, radio resource management,
call control, mobility management, and intra-local-
network roaming. It realizes the services of voice, fax,
packet data and short message.
 The BSC6600 supports the large-capacity and small-
capacity configuration schemes.

22.  In Fanoos Telecom we use two Frequency
Bands
 Band Class 1: 1,900MHz band
 Band Class 5: 450 MHz band

23. To MSC ( SS7
interface)

24.  The BAM enables users to implement the
O&M and management of the system,
including managing and maintaining the
configuration data, performance
measurement data, alarm information, etc.
 The BSC6600 provides effective O&M
methods and tools to guarantee the normal
operation of the system, to lower the
operation cost, and to improve the
communication service quality.

26.  The CSWS is responsible
for:
 Providing central switching
functions;
 Providing channels for
information exchange
between service subracks;
 Providing Maintenance and
management channel for
various processing subracks.
 In small-capacity
configuration we don’t use
CSWS.
CLPC
CLPC
CNET
Other subracksOther subracks
Other subracksOther subracks
BAMBAMCMPU

27.  CRPS is responsible for:
 BSC system resource
management
 Provision of periodic
synchronization cell for
other CIPSs
 Transfer of packet data
service
 Buffering Provide periodical
time synchronization
Packet data
service processing
Provide A3/A7
physical interface
From CIPSFrom CIPS
From original
CIPS
From original
CIPS
To CIPSTo CIPS
From CLKMFrom CLKM
To PDSNTo PDSN
To target CIPSTo target CIPS
Resource
management

28. This subrack performs such functions as frame selection for
services, data distribution, signaling control, encoding and
decoding of speech and Echo Cancellation (EC).
A1/A2 physical
interface
Abis
Physical
interface
Signaling control
Speech encoding
and decoding.
Service
frame
selection,
data
allocation
To CRPSTo CRPS
To MSCTo MSCAbis OMLAbis OML
Abis signalingAbis signaling
Abis trafficAbis traffic

29.  Capacity of BSC depends on CIPS subrack, the
capacity of each CIPS is 12500 subscribers,
 For small-capacity configuration we have 4
CIPS, for large-capacity configuration is above 4
CIPS.
 The maximum number of CIPS is 11 in one BSC
(for Full configuration).

30. Air interface
Abis
BSC
BSC
A1/A2
A1/A2 MSC

31. Interface Function
A10 Carries user traffic between the PCF and the PDSN.
A11 Carries the signaling messages between the PCF and the
PDSN.
Abis Abis interface includes three parts:
1) Abis traffic part carries the user traffic.
2) Abis signaling part carries the signaling messages
between BSC and BTS.
3) OML signaling part is used to realize the remote
operation and maintenance of BTS.
A3 Includes two parts: A3 signaling and A3 traffic. The
channels for A3 signaling and A3 traffic are different.
The A3 signaling is used to control and allocate
channels for user traffic.
A7 Carries signaling between the source BSC and the target
BSC.
A1/A2 A1: carries signaling message between BSC & MSC.
A2: Carries user traffic between the BSC and the MSC.

32.  CDMA overviewCDMA overview
 WiMAX overviewWiMAX overview
 BSCBSC
 BTSBTS

33. BTS (Base Transceiver Station)
The BTS transmits and receives radio signals to enable the
communication between the radio network system and
the mobile station (MS).
The BTS locates between the BSC and the MS in the network.
Under the control of the BSC, it serves one cell or several
logical sectors.
Connecting with the BSC through the Abis interface, the BTS
helps the BSC manage radio resources, radio parameters
and interfaces. It also implements radio transmission over
the Um interface, as well as associated control functions.
In our company we use many types of BTS BTS3612, BTS3606
and DBS 3900.

34.  Each BTS is contains 3 sectors
 If we configure the BTS S111 ( 3 sectors with 1
carrier ), the capacity is 1200 subscribers.
 If we configure the BTS S333 ( 3 sectors with 3
carriers ), the capacity is 3600 subscribers.
 We can configure BTS ( S222, S33 … ), these
configures depend on our plan.

35. Cabinet Physical Features
 The dimensions of the cabinet are
(excluding the components on the top
of the cabinet): 1,800 mm x 800 mm x
650 mm (height x width x depth)
The BTS3612 cabinet features:
 Light weight to its aluminum alloy
materials
 Excellent electrical conductivity and
shielding effect
 Good ventilation effect to its
reasonable design of air ducts
 Easy installation and maintenance
 Nice and attractive outlook

36.  The BTS3612 cabinet
is composed of:
 Baseband subrack
 Fan box
 Power supply subrack
 Carrier subrack,
 RLDU subrack
 CDU/DDU subrack
RF subrack
CDU/RLDU subrack
Fan subrack
Baseband subrack
RF subrack
Power subrack

37. The baseband subrack is installed at the upper part of
the BTS3612 cabinet. It can be configured with
baseband subsystem boards.
The baseband subsystem performs the following
functions:
 Abis interface protocol processing.
 Baseband data modulating/demodulating.
 Channel encoding/decoding.
 Air interface physical layer.
 Clock synchronization processing.
 System operation and maintenance.

38. The RF subrack is responsible of providing
service for subscriber.
There are some operations done in RF
subracks like modulation, amplification,
and filtration.

39.  The RF antenna is used
to transmit and receive
the radio signals for MS
 The RF antenna system
of the BTS is composed
of antenna, jumper
from antenna to feeder,
feeder, and the jumper
from feeder to the
bottom of the cabinet.

40.  Many important features of the CDMA network
are closely related to and much dependent on
the global satellite navigation system. If the
global satellite navigation system stops working
for a long time, the whole CDMA network will
collapse.
 To ensure the system security and reliability,
the BTS receives signals of the GPS system
through a satellite synchronization antenna
system to implement radio synchronization.
 A satellite synchronization antenna system is
composed of an antenna, the jumper from
antenna to feeder, feeders, a lightning arrester
and the jumper from feeder to cabinet-bottom
(the feeders and jumpers can be configured as
needed). Figure below shows the structure

41.  The DBS3900 is consisting of functional
modules (such as BBU3900 and RRU3702)
and auxiliary devices (such as APM ).
 The BBU3900 and RRU3702 are connected
through the optical fiber,

43.  Baseband unit: BBU3900
 The BBU3900 is a baseband unit that
processes baseband signals.
 The dimensions of the BBU3900 are: 442 mm x
310 mm x 86 mm (width x depth x height).
 Remote RF unit: RRU3702
 The RRU3702 is an outdoor remote RF unit that
receives and transmits RF signals, and then
processes and transmits them to the BBU3900
or RF antenna.

45.  Provides the port for data communications between
the BBU3900 and the ASN-GW
 Provides the maintenance channel to the M2000
 Provides the CPRI port for communications between
the BBU3900 and the RRU3702
 Processes uplink and downlink baseband signals.
 Manages the entire DBS3900 system, including OM
and signaling processing
 Provides the system clock port
 Provides the alarm monitoring port

47.  It receives RF signals from the antenna system, down-converts the
RF signals to intermediate frequency (IF) signals, performs
amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital down-
conversion, matched filtering, and Digital Automatic Gain Control
(DAGC) for the IF signals, and then transmits them to the BBU.
 Receives the downlink baseband digital signals from the upper-
level equipment (baseband module), performs matched filtering,
digital up-conversion, and clipping for the signals, modulates the
output IQ signals to qualified transmit signals, amplifies the
signals, and transmits them through antennas.
 The RRU3702 supports the 4T4R technology (four transmit
channels and four receive channels). Each channel supports a
maximum of two carriers and 20 MHz working bandwidth.

48.  Installation Position
 One end of the CPRI
optical fiber is connected
to the CPRI0, CPRI1, or
CPRI2 port on the BBBI of
the BBU3900, and the
other end is connected to
the CPRI0 port or CPRI1
port on the RRU3702 .
Before connecting an
optical fiber to a CPRI
port, you need to install a
removable optical module
to the port.

49.  APM (Advanced Power Module)
 The APM is an integrated outdoor power backup
system.
 The APM performs the following functions:
 Provides built-in batteries and 220 V AC surge protection
module
 Supplies a maximum of -48 V DC 60 A power
 Provides the space for the installation of customer
devices
 Provides remote communication alarms
 Provides multiple circuits of DC distribution outputs

51.  BAM : Back Administration Module
 CSWS: CDMA SWitching Subrack
 CRPS: CDMA Resource & Packed Subrack
 CIPS: CDMA Integrated Processing Subrack
 CMPU: CDMA Main Processing Unit
 CNET: CDMA NETwork transfer and switching unit
 CLPC: CDMA Line Processing Card
 GSM : Global System for Mobile communication
 GPS: Global Positioning System

52. Thank you