This document discusses cell phone privacy and the Fourth Amendment. It was written by Josh Blackman, a professor at South Texas College of Law, and provides his contact information including his website, Twitter handle, and email.
The document summarizes three Supreme Court cases that shaped civil rights in the US:
- Mapp v Ohio (1961) ruled evidence obtained without a search warrant is inadmissible, establishing the exclusionary rule and upholding 4th Amendment protections against unreasonable search and seizure.
- Marbury v Madison (1803) established judicial review, ruling that courts can strike down laws and executive actions that are unconstitutional.
- Roe v Wade (1973) established that the right to privacy protected a woman's choice to have an abortion based on the 14th Amendment's due process clause.
A black child in the third grade had to walk 1 mile through a railroad yard to get to her school, even though there was a white school closer to her home. Her parents tried to enroll her in the closer, white school but were denied by the principal. They went to the NAACP to request an end to school segregation. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, combining five similar cases from Delaware, Washington D.C., Kansas, South Carolina, and Virginia that challenged segregation. While the text does not directly reference Brown v. Board, it indirectly relates through showing how segregation forced black children to go farther for school than
In the 2000 US presidential election, George W. Bush initially appeared to have won the state of Florida, but the margin was so close that a recount was ordered. Bush petitioned to stop the recount, arguing it violated equal protection. The US Supreme Court ruled in Bush's favor, stopping the recount and allowing Bush to claim the presidency. This demonstrated the Court's jurisdiction over state courts in electoral matters.
Mapp v. Ohio was a Supreme Court case where Dollree Mapp was accused of possessing obscene materials by the state of Ohio. Police entered her home without a search warrant and found the materials. The Supreme Court ruled the evidence inadmissible, as the search violated Mapp's Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures. This established the exclusionary rule that evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights could not be used in criminal prosecutions.
The police searched Mapp's home without a warrant and found pornographic materials. She was charged with possession of obscene materials. Mapp argued the evidence was obtained illegally without a warrant and should not be allowed in court. The Supreme Court ruled the 4th Amendment applies to states, so evidence from unreasonable searches cannot be used in court. This established the exclusionary rule under Mapp v. Ohio in 1961.
The document summarizes the Supreme Court case Mapp v. Ohio. Dollree Mapp was accused of possessing obscene materials in Ohio. The police entered her home without a search warrant and found the materials. Mapp argued her 4th Amendment rights were violated as the evidence was obtained illegally. The Supreme Court agreed, finding the evidence inadmissible due to the unconstitutional search and seizure.
A black third grade girl had to walk 1 mile through a railroad yard to get to her segregated school, even though there was a white school only 7 blocks from her home. When her parents tried to enroll her in the closer, white school, the principal refused because of her race. Her parents took their case to the NAACP and requested an end to school segregation, indirectly relating to the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
The document summarizes three Supreme Court cases that shaped civil rights in the US:
- Mapp v Ohio (1961) ruled evidence obtained without a search warrant is inadmissible, establishing the exclusionary rule and upholding 4th Amendment protections against unreasonable search and seizure.
- Marbury v Madison (1803) established judicial review, ruling that courts can strike down laws and executive actions that are unconstitutional.
- Roe v Wade (1973) established that the right to privacy protected a woman's choice to have an abortion based on the 14th Amendment's due process clause.
A black child in the third grade had to walk 1 mile through a railroad yard to get to her school, even though there was a white school closer to her home. Her parents tried to enroll her in the closer, white school but were denied by the principal. They went to the NAACP to request an end to school segregation. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, combining five similar cases from Delaware, Washington D.C., Kansas, South Carolina, and Virginia that challenged segregation. While the text does not directly reference Brown v. Board, it indirectly relates through showing how segregation forced black children to go farther for school than
In the 2000 US presidential election, George W. Bush initially appeared to have won the state of Florida, but the margin was so close that a recount was ordered. Bush petitioned to stop the recount, arguing it violated equal protection. The US Supreme Court ruled in Bush's favor, stopping the recount and allowing Bush to claim the presidency. This demonstrated the Court's jurisdiction over state courts in electoral matters.
Mapp v. Ohio was a Supreme Court case where Dollree Mapp was accused of possessing obscene materials by the state of Ohio. Police entered her home without a search warrant and found the materials. The Supreme Court ruled the evidence inadmissible, as the search violated Mapp's Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures. This established the exclusionary rule that evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights could not be used in criminal prosecutions.
The police searched Mapp's home without a warrant and found pornographic materials. She was charged with possession of obscene materials. Mapp argued the evidence was obtained illegally without a warrant and should not be allowed in court. The Supreme Court ruled the 4th Amendment applies to states, so evidence from unreasonable searches cannot be used in court. This established the exclusionary rule under Mapp v. Ohio in 1961.
The document summarizes the Supreme Court case Mapp v. Ohio. Dollree Mapp was accused of possessing obscene materials in Ohio. The police entered her home without a search warrant and found the materials. Mapp argued her 4th Amendment rights were violated as the evidence was obtained illegally. The Supreme Court agreed, finding the evidence inadmissible due to the unconstitutional search and seizure.
A black third grade girl had to walk 1 mile through a railroad yard to get to her segregated school, even though there was a white school only 7 blocks from her home. When her parents tried to enroll her in the closer, white school, the principal refused because of her race. Her parents took their case to the NAACP and requested an end to school segregation, indirectly relating to the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
A black third grade girl had to walk 1 mile through a railroad yard to get to her segregated school, even though there was a white school only 7 blocks from her home. When her parents tried to enroll her in the closer, white school, the principal refused because of her race. Her parents took their case to the NAACP and requested an end to school segregation, indirectly relating to the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
A black third grade girl had to walk 1 mile through a railroad yard to get to her segregated school, even though there was a white school only 7 blocks from her home. When her parents tried to enroll her in the closer, white school, the principal refused because of her race. In response, the parents went to the NAACP to request an end to school segregation, relating to the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
Barack Obama made history by becoming the first African American president of the United States. He was born in 1961 and has a wife and two daughters. His election was important because it showed that Martin Luther King's vision of equal rights and treatment for black people had been achieved, continuing the work of civil rights leaders like Rosa Parks and Malcolm X who fought against segregation.
The Mapp v. Ohio Supreme Court case involved Dollree Mapp, whose home was searched without a warrant by police in Cleveland, Ohio. The police found obscene photos during the search and arrested Mapp. While Mapp was found guilty, she appealed the case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled the search was likely illegal and established that the 4th Amendment determines the legality of searches, setting the precedent that all evidence obtained without a proper warrant is inadmissible in court.
Wendy Wonnell is an attorney seeking an associate position with a family law firm. She is licensed to practice law in California, Ohio, and Washington D.C. Her experience includes working as a staff attorney at the Family Violence Law Center representing victims of domestic violence, and as an associate attorney at Morris, Polich & Purdy specializing in construction litigation and personal injury. She also has experience working for the Office of the Attorney General in Ohio and as a law clerk while attending law school.
Mapp v. Ohio established that evidence obtained through an illegal search cannot be used in court. The police searched Dollree Mapp's home without a warrant and found pornographic materials. Although she was not hiding a bomber as suspected, she was charged with possession of obscene materials. The Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment applies to states, so evidence from an unreasonable search is inadmissible. This case extended Fourth Amendment protections against unlawful search and seizure to the state level.
1) Homer Plessy, who was 1/8 black, was arrested for sitting in the white section of a train in Louisiana in violation of state law.
2) The case went to the Supreme Court where Plessy argued the Separate Car Act violated the 13th and 14th Amendments.
3) The Supreme Court upheld the ruling against Plessy, finding that the state could regulate transportation within its borders and that "separate but equal" did not violate the Constitution.
1) Homer Plessy, a shoemaker who was classified as black under Louisiana law, boarded a whites-only railway car in protest of the state's segregation laws. He was then arrested for violating these laws.
2) Plessy's case, Plessy v Ferguson, reached the Supreme Court in 1896. The Court ruled that state racial segregation laws were constitutional under the equal protection clause as long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.
3) The ruling established the "separate but equal" doctrine and allowed racial segregation in public facilities to continue for over 50 years.
CHED Philippines SSE: TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SOCIAL STUDIES
Mid Term Period : The Timeline of Ancient Israel
Powerpoint Presentation Created by: Rodlin SD. Nobleza
Bill of rights supreme court cases slides for debatesKatie Shively
1) The Cantwells, Jehovah's Witnesses proselytizing in Connecticut, were arrested for violating a permit requirement and inciting a breach of peace after playing an anti-Catholic message. The Supreme Court found these restrictions violated the Cantwells' free speech and religious rights.
2) A high school principal searched a student's purse and found drugs after she was accused of smoking in the bathroom. The Court found the search reasonable and did not violate the student's Fourth Amendment rights.
3) A man sentenced to life without parole for cocaine possession challenged his punishment as cruel and unusual, but the Court found the punishment was not unusual even if cruel.
This document summarizes four Supreme Court cases related to search and seizure and rights of the accused:
1) New Jersey v. T.L.O involved the search of a student by the principal which uncovered marijuana. The court found this violated the 4th Amendment.
2) Mapp v. Ohio involved evidence obtained during an unlawful search of a home without a warrant. The Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states, barring unlawfully obtained evidence.
3) Miranda v. Arizona involved a confession obtained without informing the suspect of his rights. The Supreme Court established warnings must be given to protect 5th and 6th Amendment rights.
4) The document reviews the key facts and
comm Moot Court Argument Thursday Feb 11Bernard Moore
The Williams College political science department will host a moot court argument presided over by four federal circuit court judges. Students will argue the hypothetical case of whether sentencing juvenile offenders to life without parole for non-homicide crimes constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. This issue is currently awaiting a decision by the Supreme Court. The moot court will allow students to gain experience arguing a real issue before eminent judges and examine an important legal matter regarding juvenile sentencing.
Michael hicks, haley kornegay, victoria goffMichaelh13
Jane Roe, whose real name was Norma McCorvey, brought a federal case against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas County, Texas, to challenge the legality of abortion. Roe argued she had a right to an abortion under her right to privacy. The Supreme Court ruled in 1973 that abortion was legal in the first trimester but could be regulated more heavily later in pregnancy. The ruling legalized abortion nationwide but remained controversial.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
A black third grade girl had to walk 1 mile through a railroad yard to get to her segregated school, even though there was a white school only 7 blocks from her home. When her parents tried to enroll her in the closer, white school, the principal refused because of her race. Her parents took their case to the NAACP and requested an end to school segregation, indirectly relating to the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
A black third grade girl had to walk 1 mile through a railroad yard to get to her segregated school, even though there was a white school only 7 blocks from her home. When her parents tried to enroll her in the closer, white school, the principal refused because of her race. In response, the parents went to the NAACP to request an end to school segregation, relating to the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
Barack Obama made history by becoming the first African American president of the United States. He was born in 1961 and has a wife and two daughters. His election was important because it showed that Martin Luther King's vision of equal rights and treatment for black people had been achieved, continuing the work of civil rights leaders like Rosa Parks and Malcolm X who fought against segregation.
The Mapp v. Ohio Supreme Court case involved Dollree Mapp, whose home was searched without a warrant by police in Cleveland, Ohio. The police found obscene photos during the search and arrested Mapp. While Mapp was found guilty, she appealed the case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled the search was likely illegal and established that the 4th Amendment determines the legality of searches, setting the precedent that all evidence obtained without a proper warrant is inadmissible in court.
Wendy Wonnell is an attorney seeking an associate position with a family law firm. She is licensed to practice law in California, Ohio, and Washington D.C. Her experience includes working as a staff attorney at the Family Violence Law Center representing victims of domestic violence, and as an associate attorney at Morris, Polich & Purdy specializing in construction litigation and personal injury. She also has experience working for the Office of the Attorney General in Ohio and as a law clerk while attending law school.
Mapp v. Ohio established that evidence obtained through an illegal search cannot be used in court. The police searched Dollree Mapp's home without a warrant and found pornographic materials. Although she was not hiding a bomber as suspected, she was charged with possession of obscene materials. The Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment applies to states, so evidence from an unreasonable search is inadmissible. This case extended Fourth Amendment protections against unlawful search and seizure to the state level.
1) Homer Plessy, who was 1/8 black, was arrested for sitting in the white section of a train in Louisiana in violation of state law.
2) The case went to the Supreme Court where Plessy argued the Separate Car Act violated the 13th and 14th Amendments.
3) The Supreme Court upheld the ruling against Plessy, finding that the state could regulate transportation within its borders and that "separate but equal" did not violate the Constitution.
1) Homer Plessy, a shoemaker who was classified as black under Louisiana law, boarded a whites-only railway car in protest of the state's segregation laws. He was then arrested for violating these laws.
2) Plessy's case, Plessy v Ferguson, reached the Supreme Court in 1896. The Court ruled that state racial segregation laws were constitutional under the equal protection clause as long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.
3) The ruling established the "separate but equal" doctrine and allowed racial segregation in public facilities to continue for over 50 years.
CHED Philippines SSE: TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SOCIAL STUDIES
Mid Term Period : The Timeline of Ancient Israel
Powerpoint Presentation Created by: Rodlin SD. Nobleza
Bill of rights supreme court cases slides for debatesKatie Shively
1) The Cantwells, Jehovah's Witnesses proselytizing in Connecticut, were arrested for violating a permit requirement and inciting a breach of peace after playing an anti-Catholic message. The Supreme Court found these restrictions violated the Cantwells' free speech and religious rights.
2) A high school principal searched a student's purse and found drugs after she was accused of smoking in the bathroom. The Court found the search reasonable and did not violate the student's Fourth Amendment rights.
3) A man sentenced to life without parole for cocaine possession challenged his punishment as cruel and unusual, but the Court found the punishment was not unusual even if cruel.
This document summarizes four Supreme Court cases related to search and seizure and rights of the accused:
1) New Jersey v. T.L.O involved the search of a student by the principal which uncovered marijuana. The court found this violated the 4th Amendment.
2) Mapp v. Ohio involved evidence obtained during an unlawful search of a home without a warrant. The Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states, barring unlawfully obtained evidence.
3) Miranda v. Arizona involved a confession obtained without informing the suspect of his rights. The Supreme Court established warnings must be given to protect 5th and 6th Amendment rights.
4) The document reviews the key facts and
comm Moot Court Argument Thursday Feb 11Bernard Moore
The Williams College political science department will host a moot court argument presided over by four federal circuit court judges. Students will argue the hypothetical case of whether sentencing juvenile offenders to life without parole for non-homicide crimes constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. This issue is currently awaiting a decision by the Supreme Court. The moot court will allow students to gain experience arguing a real issue before eminent judges and examine an important legal matter regarding juvenile sentencing.
Michael hicks, haley kornegay, victoria goffMichaelh13
Jane Roe, whose real name was Norma McCorvey, brought a federal case against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas County, Texas, to challenge the legality of abortion. Roe argued she had a right to an abortion under her right to privacy. The Supreme Court ruled in 1973 that abortion was legal in the first trimester but could be regulated more heavily later in pregnancy. The ruling legalized abortion nationwide but remained controversial.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
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Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
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The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
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As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
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https://veteranlegal.in/defense-lawyer-in-india/ | Criminal defense Lawyer in India has always been a vital aspect of the country's legal system. As defenders of justice, criminal Defense Lawyer play a critical role in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that their constitutional rights are protected. As India evolves socially, economically, and technologically, the role and future of criminal Defense Lawyer are also undergoing significant changes. This comprehensive blog explores the current landscape, challenges, technological advancements, and prospects for criminal Defense Lawyer in India.
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdf
Blackman presentation
1. Cell Phone Privacy
and the 4th
Amendment
Josh Blackman (South Texas College of Law)
JoshBlackman.com
@JoshMBlackman
JoshBlackman@gmail.com
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34. Cell Phone Privacy
and the 4th
Amendment
Josh Blackman (South Texas College of Law)
JoshBlackman.com
@JoshMBlackman
JoshBlackman@gmail.com
Editor's Notes
Virginia Declaration of Rights – 1776
“That general warrants, whereby any officer or messenger may be commanded to search suspected places without evidence of a fact committed, or to seize any person or persons not named, or whose offense is not particularly described and supported by evidence, are grievous and oppressive and ought not to be granted.”
Who does it apply to? Right of the people, not person. Significance? Focus on the government’s actions, rather than remedies of individ
What does it apply to? Persons, houses, papers, and effects
What is the government forbidden to do? Conduct unreasonable searches and seizures
Are warrants required? No
Searches just must be reasonable
But if warrants are issued, what must they be based on? Probable cause
And how must the warrants be crafted, if issued? Particularly describing the place or person or thing to be searched
“The right of the people to be secure … against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause”
Textualist interpretation
Search must be reasonable
warrant clause only applies when warrant sought
Supreme Court Interpretation
Search without warrant presumptively unreasonable
Unless warrant exception met