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Biological methods for nanoparticle synthesis
The document discusses the definition and significance of nanotechnology, which involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale. It covers various methods of nanoparticle synthesis, including chemical, physical, and biological approaches, highlighting the use of biological systems like bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts for environmentally friendly and cost-effective production. Additionally, it explores the mechanisms through which organisms synthesize nanoparticles, focusing on detoxification and the controlled properties of the resulting nanostructures.
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Biological methods for nanoparticle synthesis
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- 2. Topic of theday Introduction definition Approaches used Nano scale structure synthesis methods Biological system for nanoparticles Characterization Applications
- 3. Nano & technology The understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometres. Richard Feynman introduce as an idea in 1954 Norio Taniguchi coined the name “nanotechnology” in 1974
- 4. What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is the art an science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale Allows the placement of small structures placed with precision, simplicity and low cost
- 5. AngstromNanometerMicrometerMillimeter Top down Bottom up Bulkmaterial Thin material Heterostructures nanostructure nanostructure Protein Molecule atom Approaches for nanoscale structure
- 6. Various nano-synthesis methods Chemical •Sol-gelProcessing •Solution-based synthesis Physical •Ball Milling •Thermal evaporation •Lithography •Vapour Phase Biological •In bacteria •In fungi •Yeast •Using plant extracts
- 7. Radiolarians Sponge SpiculeDiatoms Rice leaf blade Biology: The inspiration for nanomaterials synthesis
- 8. Biological synthesis Rapidsynthesis, controlled toxicity, controlling on size characteristics, economical and eco-friendly approach Crucial point before going for biological method What biological system can be used to (bacteria, plant and fungi) synthesis nanostructure ? Can we do it extracellularly ? What is the biochemical process leading to nanoparticle formation ? Is size control possible ? Better monodispersity ? How about nanoparticle shape modulation ? Can we use extracts of plants in nanobiosynthesis ?
- 9. Fungi and Yeast •Extracellular •Intera cellular • Cell wall surface Bacteria •Extracellular •Intracellular Plant & Plant extract Extracellular Inexpensive reduction Silver Gold Gold Cds Gold Iron Biological system for nanoparticles
- 10. Why do organismssynthesize nanoparticles? Major reasons involved in such synthesis is detoxification which can be carried out by 1. Modifications in the cellular transport mechanisms to restrict entry of the toxicions into the cell 2. Sequestration of the toxic species within the cell (intracellular sequestration) oroutside the cell (extracellular sequestration) 3. Activation of energy-dependent efflux pathways to eliminate the toxic species 4. Enzyme catalyzed oxidation or reduction of the toxic species to a less toxic form
- 11. Mechanism involved inbiogenic nanoparticles synthesis Peptides Proteins Polyols Heterocyclic compounds Stabilizing agent
- 12. Bacterial biosynthesis Mainlyextracellular Silver nanoparticle Gold nanoparticle Cadmium
- 13. Bacterial biosynthesis Ironnanoparticles 1. Magnetite nanoparticles 2. Greigite nanoparticles Organism- Actinobacter spp Bacterial culture in Luria Broth Aqueous sol.of K3 Fe(CN)6 +K4 Fe(CN)6 In 2:1 millimolar ratio kept for a period of week Product identification
- 14. Au-Ag alloys: Synthesis Fungus Fusarium oxysporum. It has been found that initially Au is reduced followed by Ag leading to nanoparticles of Au-Ag alloy. Depending on the biomass of fungus used one can change the composition of the alloy nanoparticle formed from pure Au to pure Ag with increase in the biomass concentration Process involved in nanoparticle synthesis by fungi Screening of fungi F. Oxysporum and Verticilium sp. Culturing and Biomass harvesting Biomass inoculation in precursors Filtrate characterization for Oxides formation SiO2 TiO2 ZrO2 Fe3O4 BaTiO3
- 15. Potential fungal andYeast Extracellular nano particle synthesis Fungus - mediated bioleaching approach towards synthesis of oxide nanoparticles using natural agro-industrial wastes
- 16. Provides singlestep biosynthesis process Protocols involving free from toxicants and natural capping agents Can generate bimetallic silver and gold shell nanoparticles Excellent stability and size control cost-effective large-scale production of metallic, semiconductor and metal oxide nanoparticles Process involved in nanoparticles synthesis by plant extract
- 18. Literature for biologicalsystem involved in nanoparticle synthesis
- 23. Nano is trulyin The Nano from Tata Motors The Rs 1 lakh car for the masses