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Uploaded byRakesh Khandal
Bhaskaracharya coll 03_12_07
This document outlines a presentation on fundamentals and applications of chemistry. It discusses: 1) The relationship between fundamentals and applied chemistry, with fundamentals providing the basis for applications. 2) Examples of understanding fundamentals like chemical properties and reactivity to enable applications in storage, safety, and new materials. 3) How challenges drive opportunities in applied chemistry across industries to add value through products like chemicals from ethylene and sugar. 4) The role of chemistry in life support systems, sustainable development, and meeting industry needs through fields like pharmaceuticals, polymers, and analytical chemistry.
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Bhaskaracharya coll 03_12_07
- 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY SHRIRAMINSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI-110 007 Email : sridlhi@vsnl.com Website : www.shriraminstitute.org Presented by : Dr. R.K. KHANDAL
- 2. 1. Fundamentals vis-à-visApplied 2. Understanding Fundamentals of Chemistry 3. Chemistry for Life Support Systems 4. Driving Force for Applied Chemistry 5. Applied Chemistry; Value Addition 6. Chemistry: Past, Present and Future 7. Applications of Chemistry in Various Areas 8. Role of Chemistry in Sustainable Development Outline of the Presentation
- 3. Fundamentals vis àvis Applied Fundamentals Research Understanding Conception Reasoning (How?) Description Value Applied Development Explain Demonstrate Use Improve Value addition Unless applied, fundamentals remain dormant; convert knowledge into product
- 4. Understanding Chemicals Fundamentals Physical characteristics •State • Stability Chemical characteristics • Nature • Functionality Reactivity Applied for Storage Preservation Safety Designing of new chemicals New materials and products Understanding of fundamental chemistry always helps in meeting the challenges through applied chemistry
- 5. Understanding Fundamentals Fundamentals Electronicstructure Nuclear constitution Atoms and molecules Functionality Heat transfer Speed and order Lattice structure Oxidation-reduction Applied Periodic table Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry Compounds (Synthetic Chemistry) Polymers and Organic Chemicals Thermodynamics Kinetics Alloys Metals Applied chemistry plays an important role in the development and growth
- 6. Life Support Systems Survival Chemistryfor Life Support System Materials Energy Water Air Food Consist of materials made up of Inorganic, Organic and Bio-chemicals; all chemicals Housing Infrastructure Transport Bio-Fuel Petroleum & Coal Nuclear Life Support Systems
- 7. Driving Force forApplied Chemistry Industrial Challenges Material Challenges Value Addition Sustainability All challenges lead to opportunities for applied chemistry in various industrial sectors; results in value addition and each time the research is applied
- 8. Use of Sugar (Carbohydrate) Smellof Garlic (Diallyl disulphide) Use of Salt (Sodium chloride) Red hot chillies (Capsaicin) Applied Chemistry; Value Addition Preservatives Pickles Pickles and Medicines Preservatives Food Chemistry
- 9. Ethylene Vinyl acetate Adhesives, paints& coating, copolymers Disinfectants, sterilizing agent, fumigants MEG-heat transfer fluid, PET DEG-softener, plastisizer, solvents PEG- cosmetics, ointments, pharma, lubricants Ethylene oxide Engineering plastic Acetals Antifreeze agent, automobile polyester resins Ethylene glycol LDPE HDPE LLDPE Packaging, molded items pipes & tubes Ethyl benzene Styrenic plastic, paint Value Addition Through Chemistry
- 10. Phenol Esters Adipic acid Resin-PF Insulating foam Foundry Adhesive Coating Mouldeditems Alkyl phenols Cresol : Lamination Nonyl phenols : Adhesives, emulsifiers p-tert. Butyl phenol : Adhesives Aniline Rubber chemicals Agro Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Dye intermediates Value Addition Through Chemistry
- 11. Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry PhysicalChemistry FieldsofChemistry PAST PRESENT FUTURE Polymer Chemistry Textile Chemistry Mineral Chemistry Photo Chemistry Material Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Medicinal Chemistry Biochemistry Food/Agro Chemistry Environmental Chemistry Nano Chemistry Combinatorial Chemistry Green Chemistry Polymer Chemistry Environmental Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Radiation Chemistry Chemistry : Past, Present & Future The focus has shifted from basic chemistry to the applied chemistry
- 12. Polymers Applications of PolymerChemistry Packaging Textile Building Materials Medicinal Electronics Lightweight Durable Cost effective Variety available
- 13. Food wrapping/storage in skin,leaves and salts Storage in Glass jars Storage in Metal container Storage in Plastic pouches Retortable Vacuum Permeable Aseptic Early times….. 19th -20th century…… 20th century…… 21th century…… Chemistry in Packaging Industry
- 14. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Applications ofPharmaceutical Chemistry Drug designing Growth rate of Pharma industry: World : 8.0 % per year India : 9.0 % per year (Medical News Today, May 2005) Herbal medicines to become more popular ! Scientific studies would help to provide better alternatives for health care Drug safety Drug efficacy Drug synthesis
- 15. Agrochemicals Applications of Agrochemicals Herbicide, Insecticides, Nematocides Preservatives Manure Fertilizers Plantgrowth regulators India 2nd largest manufacturer of crop protection chemicals Industry is worth of Rs. 3600 crore Global market $ 2700 million •Minimum residue •Maximum degradation •High effectivity •Effective only at the target
- 16. Performance Chemicals Applications ofPerformance Chemicals Soaps, Surfactants & Detergents Polymer additives Personal care products Food additives Flavors & Fragrances • Multifunctional • Synergistic • Hyperactive • Selective • Environment friendly MINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMERMINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMER
- 17. Production withminimum area & minimum chemicals Reasons for shifted focusArea Agrochemicals Long term effects & minimum side effects Mileage with minimum wear & tear & minimum pollution Durability & versatility with minimum burden on environment Comfort with minimum maintenance Pharmaceuticals Automobiles & oils Plastics Textiles Mining Paints & Coatings Relevance of Trends Towards Performance Chemicals Safety with minimum health hazards Protection & aesthetics with minimum pollution Soaps & Detergents Multifunctionality with minimum environmental burden Leather Appearance & performance with minimum processing time Cosmetics Aesthetics & skin friendly with no allergy
- 18. Green Chemistry Applications ofGreen Chemistry Waste minimization Separation Processes Energy Efficiency Catalysis Process Intensification • Also called sustainable chemistry • Encourages the design of products & processes that reduce the use & generation of hazardous substances Safer reaction & reagents Solvent replacement Use of renewable feedstock Minimize potential for accidents Avoid chemical derivatives Analyze in real time to prevent pollution
- 19. Nanoparticles Applications of NanoChemistry Defence Bio Medical Automative Industry Space Aerospace • Emerging field •Wide applications Accelerometers Pressure sensors Drug infusion pumps Microneedles Glucometer Air bags Tyre pressure sensors Fuel injection systems Pressure sensors Optical gyros Propulsion systems Health monitoring accelerometers Pressure sensors
- 20. Most importantrequirement of industry Improve our food chain system • Basic for clinical laboratory tests • Help physicians diagnose disease • Quality of environment • Remedial measures for contaminants Quality assurance of raw materials Quality assurance of products Compositions for product development Impurities and toxic contaminants Nutrients and label claims Meet the statutory requirements Evolve healthy & eco-friendly society Benchmarking of products and R & D Improving quality of life Industry Food Environment Air Water Soil Functional Foods Pharmaceuticals Materials Paints Polymer/ Textiles Metal/ Minerals Cement Fuels Analytical Chemistry: Dimensions of Applications
- 21. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Energy Environment Food New Materials 360° approachof development through Chemistry Chemistry for Sustainable Development
- 22. New Materials Renewable starting materials Waterbased reaction media Present day chemistry challenges involves the development of alternatives with assured sustainability Chemistry in Support of sustainability Natural Catalyst Spontaneous reaction
- 23. Environmentally benignfeedstocks/synthesis Pharmaceuticals Greener solvents Bio-based synthesis ad processing Conversion of biomass to chemicals Challenge for Chemists
- 24. Everything inthe cycle moves through chemicals pertains to chemistry through bioprocesses Sustainability is cyclic and irreversible and hence, thermodynamically feasible, possible and stable Cradle CHEMISTRY Environment & Ecology Biodiversity Grave Sustainability: Life Cycle & Chemistry
- 25.