This document provides an overview of biology and microorganisms. It includes sections on the characteristics of life, investigating living organisms, organs in plants and humans, cells, the human skeleton, muscles and joints, and microorganisms. The document discusses what microorganisms are, where they live, their importance, types including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. It also addresses organelles within cells and how microorganisms are classified.
Cell The Unit of Life (With slide theme).pptxHemavarshini47
Presentation on "Cell the Unit of Life" based on NCERT 11th Textbook (The original presentation I made was lost so I made pics of the pdf file I had of it so if you want to edit it, pls douse the theme slides I used. Sorry for the inconvenience.)
Cell The Unit of Life (With slide theme).pptxHemavarshini47
Presentation on "Cell the Unit of Life" based on NCERT 11th Textbook (The original presentation I made was lost so I made pics of the pdf file I had of it so if you want to edit it, pls douse the theme slides I used. Sorry for the inconvenience.)
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
3. Contents of this Chapter
The Characteristics of life
Investigating living organisms
Organs in plants
Organs in humans
Looking at cells
Specialised animal cells
The human skeleton
Muscles and joints
End of chapter questions
8. 03 04
Table of contents
01
Types
You can describe the topic
of the section here
Activities
You can describe the topic
of the section here
Conclusions
You can describe the topic
of the section here
02
You can describe the topic
of the section here
Introduction
9. Whoa!!
This can be the part of the presentation
where you can introduce yourself
11. What are microorganisms?
Do you know what helps you make your point
clear? Lists like this one:
● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk ever again!
And the most important thing: the audience
won’t miss the point of your presentation
12. Difference between viruses and bacteria
It’s the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System
Mercury
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
Venus
13. Where do microorganisms live?
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury
It is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Saturn
It’s the biggest object in
the Solar System
Jupiter
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place
Mars
15. Evolution of microorganisms
01
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
02
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
Mercury is the
closest object to
the Sun
04
03
The Sun is the star
at the center of the
Solar System
16. Why are they important in our life?
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold planet
full of iron oxide dust
Mars
It’s a gas giant and
the biggest planet in
the Solar System
Saturn is a gas giant
mostly composed of
hydrogen and helium
Saturn
Jupiter
01 02 03
19. Percentage of bacteria in our life
Earth is the third
planet from the Sun
Food
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Humans
Neptune is the
farthest planet from
the Sun
Plants
50% 20%
30%
20. Types of probiotics
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s terribly hot
Venus
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
Mars
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System
Jupiter
Saturn is the only planet
with rings
Saturn
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Neptune
01
04
02
05
03
06
21. Microorganisms in the world
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
It’s the biggest
planet in the Solar
System
Saturn is composed
of hydrogen and
helium
Saturn
Mercury
Jupiter
22. A picture always
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long
text. Your audience will appreciate it
23. 333,000,00
Earths is the Sun’s mass
24h 37m 23s
is Jupiter’s rotation period
386,000 km
Distance between the Earth and the Moon
24. Types of microorganisms
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
Fungi
Saturn is the only planet
with rings
Bacteria
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Virus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s terribly hot
Protozoa
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Algae
25. Microorganisms in our life
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
new one here. For more info, click here
Mercury is the closest
object to the Sun
Mercury
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Saturn
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
25%
55%
20%
27. Parts of a microorganism
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s terribly hot
Capsule
Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the Solar System
DNA
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold planet
Fimbriae
Saturn is the only planet
with rings
Ribosomes
29. Description Home Example
Fungi Venus has a beautiful name,
but it’s terribly hot
Jupiter Mercury
Virus Despite being red, Mars is a
cold planet
Mars Sun
Algae Jupiter is the biggest planet in
the Solar System
Venus Earth
Classification of microorganisms
30. Exercise 1
Write your answer here
M_cr_sc_pe
Complete the name of this tool and write down what is it used for
31. Exercise 2
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
B_e_d
Saturn is the only planet
with rings
Y_gh_rt
Write down the names of where we can find some microorganisms in our food
33. Where do microorganisms live?
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Microorganisms
Food Plants Humans
34. Most important conclusions
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
● Important point about microorganisms
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