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Similar to Basic electronics ii
Basic electronics ii
- 1.
- 2. Transistors emitter base collector • A transistoris an semiconductor electronic device that is capable of amplifying electric signals. They are also capable of switching electric signals on/off. • They are made of 3 parts: • Emitter (e) • Base (b) • Collector (c)
- 3. Types of Transistors •There are two main types of transistors: – NPN junction transistor – PNP junction transistor n-type n-type p-type NPN transistor p-type n-type PNP transistor p-type {{
- 4. How Do TransistorsWork? NPN junction transistor N NP + + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – emitter (e) base (b) collector (c) positive = holesnegative = electrons small current large current positive terminal/lead negative terminal/lead
- 5. How Do TransistorsWork? PNP junction transistor P PN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – – emitter (e) base (b) collector (c)small current large current positive terminal/lead negative terminal/lead
- 6. Transistors in Circuit base(b) collector (c) emitter (e) base (b) collector (c) emitter (e)b c e Not Pointing iN PNP NPN
- 7. Characteristics of Transistors b ce N P N + – + – forward biasedreverse biased Ie Ib Ic e– base current =
- 8. Transistor As ASwitch 9V S1 S2 NPN transistor resistor (470Ω) resistor (10kΩ) LED 1 LED 2 b c e circuit is broken no current to the base no current passing through transistor forward biased
- 9. Transistor As AnAmplifier 9V Switch NPN transistor resistor (560Ω) LED 2 b c e no current to the base no current passing through transistor finger finger LED 1 human body100kΩ resistor current passes through bigger resistance = lower input current lower resistance = bigger output current “tank 1” (collector) “tank 2” (emitter) electrons = “water” gets saturated with electrons, so little current flows Current to the base removes electrons so current can pass from collector to emitter
- 10. Charging and DischargingA Capacitor Using A Transistor 9V 100kΩ 470Ω 3.3kΩ b c e NPN transistor (100µF) – + LED capacitor no voltage no current threshold voltage = 0.7V CHARGEDIS Transistors are used to charge and discharge capacitors in cameras. The capacitor loses its charge in the form of the light which is seen as a flash.
Editor's Notes
- #3 A transistor is really simple—and really complex. Let's start with the simple part. A transistor is a miniature electronic component that can do two different jobs. It can work either as an amplifier or a switch: -When it works as an amplifier, it takes in a tiny electric current at one end (an input current) and produces a much bigger electric current (an output current) at the other. In other words, it's a kind of current booster. That comes in really useful in things like hearing aids, one of the first things people used transistors for. A hearing aid has a tiny microphone in it that picks up sounds from the world around you and turns them into fluctuating electric currents. These are fed into a transistor that boosts them and powers a tiny loudspeaker, so you hear a much louder version of the sounds around you. -Transistors can also work as switches. A tiny electric current flowing through one part of a transistor can make a much bigger current flow through another part of it. In other words, the small current switches on the larger one. This is essentially how all computer chips work. A transistor is a three-terminal device made up of a base, a collector and an emitter. Voltage applied to the base can control current that flows through the collector and the emitter
- #8 -It is important to note that transistors have two p-n junctions. -Unlike regular switches we have around. The ON and OFF control in transistors is done by using input voltage. -When the input voltage is zero or negative, the transistor is said to be in the OFF condition -When the input voltage is made so much positive the transistor is said to be in the ON condition.