Photo Report (Bahasa) on Cikapundung River. Map, fact, photos and stories. Team: Nancy Rosmarini, Diella Dachlan, Anjar Dwi Krisnanta, T.Bachtiar. Photos: Ng Swan Ti, Veronica Wijaya. Available for download also from www.citarum.org
This document describes iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations of the form f(x) = 0. It introduces the bisection method, which iteratively narrows the interval containing a solution by bisecting it. The convergence properties and error analysis of the bisection method are discussed. Other methods like the fixed point method are also mentioned, which transform the problem into finding a fixed point of some function g.
Stored procedures, user defined functions (UDFs), and PL/pgSQL allow users to write small programs that can be stored and executed on the database server. Stored procedures provide benefits like reduced network traffic, centralized access control, and efficient execution of precompiled code. PL/pgSQL combines SQL and procedural programming features to create functions and trigger procedures on the server. It supports control structures, declarations, and special variables to access table rows. Triggers allow functions to automatically execute in response to data changes and ensure referential integrity.
Photo Report (Bahasa) on Cikapundung River. Map, fact, photos and stories. Team: Nancy Rosmarini, Diella Dachlan, Anjar Dwi Krisnanta, T.Bachtiar. Photos: Ng Swan Ti, Veronica Wijaya. Available for download also from www.citarum.org
This document describes iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations of the form f(x) = 0. It introduces the bisection method, which iteratively narrows the interval containing a solution by bisecting it. The convergence properties and error analysis of the bisection method are discussed. Other methods like the fixed point method are also mentioned, which transform the problem into finding a fixed point of some function g.
Stored procedures, user defined functions (UDFs), and PL/pgSQL allow users to write small programs that can be stored and executed on the database server. Stored procedures provide benefits like reduced network traffic, centralized access control, and efficient execution of precompiled code. PL/pgSQL combines SQL and procedural programming features to create functions and trigger procedures on the server. It supports control structures, declarations, and special variables to access table rows. Triggers allow functions to automatically execute in response to data changes and ensure referential integrity.
The document contains MATLAB code for calculating various mathematical operations including: summation of natural numbers, average of real numbers, factorial of a natural number, maximum and minimum of numbers, ordering of numbers/vectors, polynomial kernel matrix, Gaussian kernel matrix. Functions and macros are defined to calculate matrices based on given parameters and input matrices.
This document discusses a transaction locking system. It presents a table that outlines the different states a transaction can be in, including reading, writing, aborting, and committing. It also describes issues that may occur like deadlocks and how the system handles unlocking and updating records. The goal is to ensure concurrent executions are isolated and equivalent to serial executions to avoid inconsistencies.
El proyecto lógico presenta en general una transformación y traducción de los esquemas lógicos. El esquema FOL proporciona una solución estándar determinable en modo sencillo y directo, mientras que soluciones alternativas que pueden revelarse más eficientes en términos de volumen de datos o frecuencia de consultas.
The document discusses approximation of functions and data through interpolation. It introduces polynomial interpolation as a common method of approximating functions where only some function values are known. The key points covered are:
- Polynomial interpolation finds a polynomial that passes exactly through a set of known data points. Higher degree polynomials can fit more points.
- The Vandermonde matrix and method of indeterminate coefficients are methods for calculating the polynomial coefficients to exactly interpolate the given data points.
- Polynomial interpolation provides a simple model for the data but the Vandermonde matrix becomes ill-conditioned as the number of points increases, requiring alternative methods.
- Lagrangian polynomials provide an alternative basis for representing interpolating polynomials that can be numerically
The document discusses the calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix. It provides examples of calculating the eigenvalues by finding the roots of the characteristic polynomial of the matrix. The power method is described as an iterative method for finding the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of a matrix. The power method works by repeatedly multiplying a starting vector by the matrix until the result converges to the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. Criteria for stopping the iteration such as a threshold on the difference between successive iterates are also discussed.
The document defines the Riemann integral and numerical integration methods. It discusses approximating integrals using Riemann sums and numerical quadrature formulas. Quadrature formulas calculate approximations of integrals by taking weighted sums of the integrand evaluated at specific nodes. Higher order formulas have higher precision by exactly integrating more terms of the Taylor series expansion. Interpolatory formulas use interpolation polynomials as the basis functions.
The document discusses the goals and architecture of JDBC (Java Database Connectivity). JDBC aims to provide a standard interface for connecting to and executing SQL statements on different database management systems from Java code. It uses a driver manager and database-specific drivers to connect to different databases without changing the application code. The document outlines the key classes in JDBC like Connection, Statement, PreparedStatement, and ResultSet and how they are used to connect to a database, execute queries, and retrieve results.
La organización con índice clusterizado presenta las características principales:
1. El método de acceso a la tupla (record) se construye sobre un atributo de agrupación que localiza la tupla en una página, generalmente una mínimatupla.
2. Las páginas están ordenadas de acuerdo a los valores del atributo de agrupación y ocupan generalmente un espacio de memoria continuo.
3. El índice proporciona una visión ordenada de la relación a través de las columnas no ordenadas de acuerdo al
The document contains MATLAB code for calculating various mathematical operations including: summation of natural numbers, average of real numbers, factorial of a natural number, maximum and minimum of numbers, ordering of numbers/vectors, polynomial kernel matrix, Gaussian kernel matrix. Functions and macros are defined to calculate matrices based on given parameters and input matrices.
This document discusses a transaction locking system. It presents a table that outlines the different states a transaction can be in, including reading, writing, aborting, and committing. It also describes issues that may occur like deadlocks and how the system handles unlocking and updating records. The goal is to ensure concurrent executions are isolated and equivalent to serial executions to avoid inconsistencies.
El proyecto lógico presenta en general una transformación y traducción de los esquemas lógicos. El esquema FOL proporciona una solución estándar determinable en modo sencillo y directo, mientras que soluciones alternativas que pueden revelarse más eficientes en términos de volumen de datos o frecuencia de consultas.
The document discusses approximation of functions and data through interpolation. It introduces polynomial interpolation as a common method of approximating functions where only some function values are known. The key points covered are:
- Polynomial interpolation finds a polynomial that passes exactly through a set of known data points. Higher degree polynomials can fit more points.
- The Vandermonde matrix and method of indeterminate coefficients are methods for calculating the polynomial coefficients to exactly interpolate the given data points.
- Polynomial interpolation provides a simple model for the data but the Vandermonde matrix becomes ill-conditioned as the number of points increases, requiring alternative methods.
- Lagrangian polynomials provide an alternative basis for representing interpolating polynomials that can be numerically
The document discusses the calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix. It provides examples of calculating the eigenvalues by finding the roots of the characteristic polynomial of the matrix. The power method is described as an iterative method for finding the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of a matrix. The power method works by repeatedly multiplying a starting vector by the matrix until the result converges to the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. Criteria for stopping the iteration such as a threshold on the difference between successive iterates are also discussed.
The document defines the Riemann integral and numerical integration methods. It discusses approximating integrals using Riemann sums and numerical quadrature formulas. Quadrature formulas calculate approximations of integrals by taking weighted sums of the integrand evaluated at specific nodes. Higher order formulas have higher precision by exactly integrating more terms of the Taylor series expansion. Interpolatory formulas use interpolation polynomials as the basis functions.
The document discusses the goals and architecture of JDBC (Java Database Connectivity). JDBC aims to provide a standard interface for connecting to and executing SQL statements on different database management systems from Java code. It uses a driver manager and database-specific drivers to connect to different databases without changing the application code. The document outlines the key classes in JDBC like Connection, Statement, PreparedStatement, and ResultSet and how they are used to connect to a database, execute queries, and retrieve results.
La organización con índice clusterizado presenta las características principales:
1. El método de acceso a la tupla (record) se construye sobre un atributo de agrupación que localiza la tupla en una página, generalmente una mínimatupla.
2. Las páginas están ordenadas de acuerdo a los valores del atributo de agrupación y ocupan generalmente un espacio de memoria continuo.
3. El índice proporciona una visión ordenada de la relación a través de las columnas no ordenadas de acuerdo al
The document contains SQL code to define the structure of a database with tables for provinces, municipalities, clients, orders, and invoice records. Tables are created for PROVINCIA with fields for province name and region. COMUNE is created with fields for municipality code, name, population, and foreign key to province. Other tables created are CLIENTE, ORDINE, and INVIA with appropriate fields and foreign keys.
This document discusses real-time systems and approaches for handling events in real-time systems. It defines real-time systems as systems that must respond to signals within a specified time period. It describes two main approaches for handling concurrent events:
1) Time-driven approach: The system state is periodically observed to handle multiple events, prioritizing time over individual events.
2) Event-driven approach: Each event is handled when it occurs by placing events in a queue and processing them one by one. This allows responding to each event but challenges include choosing the next action.
This document discusses various types of sensors used for signal acquisition, including position sensors, speed sensors, pressure sensors, acceleration sensors, and temperature sensors. It also discusses actuators that convert electrical outputs from controllers into physical actions on a process, such as electric motors and solenoid valves. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are introduced as controllers commonly used for discrete manufacturing processes requiring binary control signals. Key characteristics of PLCs like redundancy, response time, memory organization, and synchronous operation are outlined.
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