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Autonomic nervous system (1)
The document discusses the autonomic nervous system. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division prepares the body for emergencies while the parasympathetic restores homeostasis. Most organs are dually innervated. The document describes the neurotransmission process including the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine, and the receptor types. It compares the two divisions and discusses blocking agents that can interfere with stimulatory or inhibitory effects.
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Autonomic nervous system (1)
- 1.
- 2. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PARTOF THE MOTOR DIVISION OF PNS
- 3. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- 4. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DIVISIONS 1.SYMPATHETIC 2. PARASYMPATHETIC
- 5. FUNCTIONS OF THE ANS 1. SYMPATHETIC READIES THE BODY FOR AN EMERGENCY 2. PARASYMPATHETIC RESTORES THE BODY TO HOMEOSTASIS 3. MOST ORGANS ARE DUALLY INNERVATED
- 6. SOMATIC MOTOR AND ANS 1. EFFECTORS 2. NUMBER OF NEURONS FROM THE CNS TO THE EFFECTOR
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10. PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
- 11. PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
- 12. NAMING NEURONS BY NEUROTRANSMITTER 1. NEURONS WHICH SECRETE ACh ARE CHOLINERGIC 2. NEURONS WHICH SECRETE NE ARE ADRENERGIC
- 13. NEUROTRANSMITTERS 1. ALL PREGANGLIONICNEURONS, AND POSTGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC NEURONS SECRETE ACh 2. 2% OF POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC SECRETED ACh 3. THESE NEURONS ARE TERMED CHOLINGERIC
- 14. NEUROTRANSMITTERS 1. 98% OFPOSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC NEURONS SECRETE NE 2. THESE NEURONS ARE TERMED ADRENERGIC
- 15.
- 16. RECEPTORS RECEPTORS ARE STRUCTURES WHICH RECEIVE NEUROTRANSMITTER FROM THE AXONAL TERMINALS OF NEURONS
- 17. RECEPTORS LOCATION 1. DENDRITES OFPOSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS 2. ON EFFECTORS (SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLE, AND GLANDS)
- 18. RECEPTORS TYPES 1. RECEPTORS WHICHRECEIVE ACh ARE CHOLINERGIC 2. RECEPTORS WHICH RECEIVE NE ARE ADRENERGIC
- 19. CHOLINGERIC RECEPTORS TYPES 1. NICOTINIC 2. MUSCARINIC
- 20. CHOLINERGIC NICOTINIC RECEPTORS LOCATION 1. SKELETALMUSCLE 2. DENDRITES OF POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS 3. ADRENAL MEDULLA
- 21.
- 22. CHOLINGERIC NICOTINIC RECEPTORS MECHANISMOF ACTION IS DIRECT
- 23.
- 24. CHOLINERGIC NICOTINIC RECEPTORS Na+ ION INFLUX PRODUCES DEPOLARIZATION OF THE MEMBRANE, THEREFORE, EXCITATION
- 25. CHOLINERGIC NICOTINIC RECEPTORS EXAMPLES OFACTION 1. SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION 2. GENERATION OF AN ACTION POTENTIAL ON POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS 3. STIMULATION OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND SECRETION OF NE AND E
- 26. CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS LOCATION 1. EFFECTORSINNERVATED BY POSTGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC NEURONS 2. EFFECTORS INNERVATED BY POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC NEURONS
- 27.
- 28. CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS MECHANISMOF ACTION IS INDIRECT
- 29.
- 30. CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS IF THEEFFLUX OF K+ IONS IS REDUCED, DEPOLARIZATION RESULTS AND THE EFFECT IS EXCITATION
- 31. CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS IFTHE EFFLUX OF K+IONS IS INCREASED, HYPERPOLARIZATION RESULTS AND THE EFFECT IS INHIBITION
- 32. CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS SYMPATHETIC EXAMPLES 1.EXCITATION—ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS 2. INHIBITION—BLOOD VESSELS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE
- 33. CHOLINGERIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS PARASYMPATHETIC EXAMPLES 1.EXCITATION—G.I. TRACT 2. INHIBITION—HEART, BLOOD VESSELS SUPPLYING PENIS AND CLITORIS
- 34. ADENERGIC RECEPTORS TYPES 1. ALPHA 1 2. ALPHA 2 3. BETA 1 4. BETA 2
- 35. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS LOCATION 1. BLOOD VESSELS SERVING THE SKIN, VISCERA, KIDNEYS, AND SALIVARY GLANDS 2. MOST SYMPATHETIC TARGET ORGANS EXCEPT THE HEART
- 36. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS THE NEUROTRANSMITTER USED IS NE. E AND NE PRODUCED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA CAN ALSO BIND TO THIS RECEPTOR
- 37. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS MECHANISM OF ACTION IS INDIRECT
- 38. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS ADRENERGIC ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS PRODUCE DEPOLARIZATION, THEREFORE, THEY ARE EXCITATORY
- 39. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS EXAMPLES OF ACTION 1. CONSTRICTS BLOOD VESSELS 2. CONSTRICTS VISCERAL ORGAN SPHINCTERS 3. CONTRACTION OF RADIAL MUSCLE OF THE IRIS, WHICH CAUSES DILATION OF THE PUPIL OF THE EYE
- 40. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 2 RECEPTORS LOCATION 1. BLOOD PLATELETS 2. EXOCRINE GLANDS OF THE PANCREAS 3. LIVER
- 41. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 2 RECEPTORS THE NEUROTRANSMITTER USED IS NE, BUT E AND NE PRODUCED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA CAN ALSO BIND TO THIS RECEPTOR
- 42. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 2 RECEPTORS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION IS INDIRECT
- 43. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 2 RECEPTORS ADRENERGIC ALPHA 2 RECEPTORS PRODUCE HYPERPOLARIZATION, THEREFORE, THEY ARE INHIBITORY
- 44. ADRENERGIC ALPHA 2 RECEPTORS EXAMPLES OF ACTION 1. INHIBIT INSULIN AND ENZYME SECRETION FROM THE PANCREAS 2. INHIBIT GALL BLADDER CONTRACTIONS
- 45. ADRENERGIC BETA 1 RECEPTORS LOCATION 1. HEART 2. KIDNEY
- 46. ADRENERGIC BETA 1 RECEPTORS THE NEUROTRANSMITTER USED IS NE, BUT E AND NE PRODUCED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA CAN ALSO BIND TO THIS RECEPTOR
- 47. ADRENERGIC BETA 1 RECEPTORS MECHANISM OF ACTION IS INDIRECT
- 48. ADRENERGIC BETA 1 RECEPTORS ADRENERGIC BETA 1 RECEPTORS USUALLY PRODUCE DEPOLARIZATION, THEREFORE, THEY ARE EXCITATORY
- 49. ADRENERGIC BETA 1 RECEPTORS EXAMPLES OF ACTION 1. INCREASES HEART RATE AND STRENGTH OF CONTRACTION 2. SECRETION OF RENIN FROM JG CELLS OF THE KIDNEY
- 50. ADRENERGIC BETA 2 RECEPTORS LOCATION 1. LUNGS BOTH BLOOD VESSELS AND BRONCHIOLES 2. CORONARY BLOOD VESSELS 3. SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE DIGESTIVE AND URINARY SYSTEMS
- 51. ADRENERGIC BETA 2 RECEPTORS THIS RECEPTOR BINDS ONLY EPINEPHRINE WHICH IS PRODUCED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA
- 52. ADRENERGIC BETA 2 RECEPTORS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION IS INDIRECT
- 53. ADRENERGIC BETA 1 RECEPTORS ADRENERGIC BETA 2 RECEPTORS USUALLY PRODUCE HYPERPOLARIZATION, THEREFORE, THEY ARE INHIBITORY
- 54. ADRENERGIC BETA 2 RECEPTORS EXAMPLES OF ACTION 1. DILATION OF THE BRONCHIOLES OF THE LUNGS 2. DILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS OF THE LUNGS AND HEART
- 55. ADRENERGIC BETA 2 RECEPTORS 3. DECREASED MOTILITY AND TONE OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 4. RELAXATION OF URINARY BLADDER
- 56. COMPARISON OF THE TWO DIVISIONS 1. FUNCTIONS 2. ORIGINS 3. NAME OF GANGLIA 4. LOCATION OF GANGLIA 5. RELATIVE LENGTH OF PRE & POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS 6. NEUROTRANSMITTERS USED
- 57. COMPARISON OF THE TWO DIVISIONS 7. RECEPTORS 8. RAMI COMMUNICANTES 9. DEGREE OF EFFECTS 10. LENGTH OF EFFECTS
- 58. BLOCKING AGENTS • Interferewith stimulatory or depressing effects of neurotransmitters by blocking the receptors on target organs. Blocker NORMAL NEUROTRANSMITTER CAN’T BIND WITH RECEPTOR BECAUSE BLOCKER COVERS THE BINDING SITE.
- 59. CHOLINERGIC BLOCKERS MUSCARINIC BLOCKERS BLOCK PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS ON TARGET ORGANS AN EXAMPLE IS ATROPINE.
- 60. ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS BLOCK RECEPTOR BINDINGSITES PREVENTING THE BINDING OF EPINEPHERINE OR NOREPINEPHERINE. ALPHA 1 BLOCKERS DECREASE BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH OTHER SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS.
- 61. ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS BETA 1BLOCKERS ON HEART PREVENT HEART RATE INCREASE & ARRHYTHMIAS IN CARDIAC PATIENTS WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH OTHER SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS.
Editor's Notes
- #59 Blocking agents are chemicals which bind to the receptors on target organs and prevent the normal neurotransmitter from binding. * Here you can see an illustration of a receptor on the membrane of a cell. * When a neurotransmitter molecule binds with the receptor, the cell will react. * Blocking agents bind with and cover up the binding site on the receptor * * so that the neurotransmitter cannot bind. * Thus the neurotransmitter molecule will not have its normal effect on the blocked cell. *
- #60 Cholinergic blocking agents interfere with the binding of acetylcholine with cholinergic receptors. * Since muscarinic receptors are exclusively located on the target organs effected by the Parasympathetic division of the ANS, they effect only Parasympathetic responses. * An example of a muscarinic blocking agent is Atropine, * which is used topically during eye exams to dilate the pupil of the eye. * Atropine us sometimes also used prior to surgery to reduce salivation and respiratory secretions.*