3. Thesis The aspects of good technician in the automotive field has to be able to diagnose, have ability to work machines, and to have customer service skills. People will be able to understand that not all technicians have to follow the American stereotype.
4. What is ASE Is the standards for a technician Series of test that show knowledge of technician Not every person that works with cars have all eight. To become a Master technician you have to complete all eight areas. Most Question are Technician A Technician B format.
5. Example Question Technician A says that in a three- or four- channels ABS system, solenoids close or open one or more of the brake hydraulic circuits. Technician B says that the solenoids hold or release hydraulic pressure to one or more of the wheel brakes, depending on which wheels are about to lock up. Who is correct? Technician A. Technician B. Both Technician A and Technician B. Neither Technician A and Technician B. (Glencoe Automotive Excellence Volume 1 BR-225)
6. Why Become ASE Certified? Professional Credentials “Certification grants you professional credentials.” (http://www.ase.com) Show that you are committed “Certification demonstrates your commitment to the automotive service and repair profession.” (http://www.ase.com) Professional Image “Certification enhances the profession’s image.” (http://www.ase.com Achievement “Certification Reflects achievement.” (http://www.ase.com)
7. Why Become ASE Certified? Self-esteem “Certification builds self-esteem.” (http://www.ase.com) Career Advancements “Certification can improve career opportunities and advancement.” (http://www.ase.com) Greater Earning potential “Certification may provide for greater earnings potential” (http://www.ase.com)
8. Why Become ASE Certified? Skill and Knowledge “Certification improves skill and Knowledge.” (http://www.ase.com) More Responsibility “Certification prepares you for greater on-the-job responsibilities.” (http://www.ase.com) Recognition By Peers “Certification offers greater recognition from peers.” (http://www.ase.com)
9. ASE Certification 8 major areas for automotive technician Engine Repair Automatic Trans/Transaxle Manual Drive Train and Axles Suspension and Steering Brakes Electrical/Electrical Systems Heating and Air Conditioning Engine Performance (http://www.autopi.com/ASEcertifications.htm)
10. Engine Repair Is the part that produces power to get the car moving The general repair of the engine plus the system that are involved with the engine Most important part of a car. Need mathematical skills to measure Valves, Pistons, Cylinders, Heads, Bearing Crankshaft, Ect.
11. Engine Repair Subjects covered by the Exam General Engine Diagnosis Cylinder Head and Valve Train Diagnosis-Repair Engine Block Diagnosis and Repair Lubrication and Cooling Systems Diagnosis-Repair Ignition System Diagnosis-Repair Fuel and Exhaust Systems Diagnosis-Repair Battery and Starting Systems Diagnosis and Repair
12. General Engine Diagnose Check engine for leaks. “Engine diagnose begins with a thorough inspection of the engine for signs of leaks” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: 19) Check the cooling systems. “The engine cooling system should be inspected not only for leakages, but for faulty parts.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: 19) Check engine for noises, and exhaust smoke. “Listening to the noises made by an engine and its exhaust can also give you information about the engine condition.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: 20) Be able to perform test to check the engine condition. “A series of performance tests will help evaluate the engine and identify possible problem areas.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1:22)
13. Cylinder Head and Valve Train Diagnosis-Repair. Inspect the condition of the parts. “measure and visually inspect all parts for abnormal conditions or wear” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: 26) Disassemble the cylinder heads. “Disassemble the cylinder head. Remove any rocker arms still attached to the heads…” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: 27) Checking valves and valves springs “inspect and refinish the valve seats..” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: 30)
14. Engine Block Diagnosis and Repair Cylinder block measurement and honing “If the block has any cracks or weak areas, determine if the block can be reused.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A1: 34) Piston measurements “Measure the piston ring grooves for wear.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A1: 36) Crankshaft measurements “Inspect the crankshaft for worn, burned, or damaged journals.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A1: 39) Valve timing and parts “To measure camshaft end play with dial indicator…” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A1: 44)
15. Lubrication and Cooling Systems Diagnosis-Repair Sealants, gaskets, seals “Many Engine parts are installed with a sealant, gasket, or seals…” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:52) Thermostat “Overheating can also be caused by a faulty thermostat.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1: 54) Water pumps and fans “A loose or worn drive belt can cause an engine to overheat.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1: 55)
16. Ignition System Diagnosis-Repair Primary, and secondary circuits “All ignition systems can be divided into two circuits” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1:56) Distributor and coil packs “Most engines are equipped with a distributor…” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1:57) Sparkplugs “Inspect the spark plugs; the color of the spark plug…” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1:68)
17. Fuel and Exhaust Systems Diagnosis-Repair Fuel system “If the engine does not start, check the fuel supply” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:70) Emission components and exhaust systems “Fuel Injection Systems rely on inputs from various sensors to function properly. (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:72)
18. Battery and Starting Systems Diagnosis and Repair Battery “The battery is the power source for automotive circuits” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:78) Starter “The purpose of the starter is turn the engine over fast enough to start the engine.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:80)
19. Automatic Trans/Transaxle This what make your car move. Important part of a car Has to be adjusted right or will have bad performance. Lots of part inside the transmission that have to be timed properly or will not run
20. Automatic Tran/Transaxle Subsections General Transmission/Transaxle Diagnosis Transmission/Transaxle Maintenance and Adjustment In-Vehicle Transmission/Transaxle Repair Off-Vehicle Transmission/Transaxle Repair
21. In-Vehicle Transmission/Transaxle Repair Automatic Transmission Fluid “Check the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) level and condition first.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A2:15) Shifting problems
23. Suspension and Steering That part that keep your car smooth and straight. Very simple but yet complex part of your car. Parts are of even off by a little car ware car tires.
24. Suspension and Steering Subsections Steering Systems Diagnosis and Repair “The system is composed of three major subsystems…” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A4: 15) Suspension Systems Diagnosis and Repair “It also provides for directional stability and handling.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A4: 31) Wheel Alignment, Diagnosis, Adjustment and Repair “Proper alignment of both the front and rear wheels..” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A4: 41) Wheel and Tire Diagnosis and Repair “Prior to beginning diagnosis of a steering and suspension system” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A4: 49)
25. Steering Systems Diagnosis and Repair Three subsystems “The steering leakage, steering gears, ands steering column and wheel” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A4: 15) Steering Columns and Manual Steering Gears “Steering column connects the steering wheel to steering gear.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A4: 15) Power Assisted Steering Units “However, several components are unique to power systems” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A: 21)
26. Suspension Systems Diagnosis and Repair Basic repair of the suspension parts. “A vehicle’s Suspension System is designed to provide a smooth but safe ride” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:31)
27. Wheel Alignment, Diagnosis, Adjustment and Repair Camber “Camber is the tilt of the wheels inward or outward from the vertical view from the front of the car” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:42) Caster “Caster is the angle of the steering axis of a wheel from the vertical as viewed from the side of the car” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:41) Toe “Toe is the distance comparison between the leading edge and trailing edge of the tires.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:42)
28. Wheel and Tire Diagnosis and Repair Tire wear “Most tires have built-in thread wear indicators to show when tires needs replacement.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:49)
41. Cited Web linkAutomotive Service Excellent. National Institute for Automotive Service Excellent, 2009. Web. 19 Nov. 2009. <http://www.ase.com/>. 0 NewEdit Copy DeleteWeb linkBailey, David. " Toyoda addresses U.S. market, announces sports car; New Toyota president focuses on 'fun and exciting' ." Edmonton Journal (Aug. 2009): 2. WebFeat. Web. 25 Nov. 2009. <http://wf2dnvr15.webfeat.org/ >. 0 NewEdit Copy Delete BookLiker, Jeffrey K, and David P Meier. Toyota Talent: Developing Your People The Toyota Way. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007. Print. 0 NewEdit Copy DeleteWeb linkOtt, Karalynn. "Toyota came to town, and careers took off." Automotive News 28 Apr. 98: 3. Ebsco host. Web. 1 Dec. 2009. <http:// search.ebscohost.com>. 0 NewEdit Copy Delete BookSato, Massaaki. The Toyota Leaders: An Executive Guide . Trans. Justin Bonsey. New York: Vertical, 2008. Print. 0 NewEdit Copy Delete BookSchwaller, Anthony E. Total Automotive Technology. Illus. Cheri Plasse. Ed. Sandy Clark. 4th ed. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2005. Print. 0 NewEdit Copy DeleteWeb link"Toyota Outsells Ford Again In US." Wire Reports 2 Sept. 2006: 3. webfeat. Web. 1 Dec. 2009. <http://wf2dnvr14.webfeat.org/>.
Editor's Notes
This slide I am going to tell the class what I’m doing. The certification is the biggest and the most in detail part of the project. The technology is in with the explains of the certifications. They are in there because they relate to the project and the thesis of my work. I will be also explaining the different types of shops, because not all shop are the same. Then I will be going into deal about the Toyota, Lexus, and Scion program at UTI. That is the overview of my project.
http://www.ase.com/Template.cfm?Section=About_ASE1&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=6709. ASE is a test made by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence. The National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence is a non-profitable comply that was made in 1972. It was made to improve the service of vehicle repair in the automotive field, and was made thou testing made by the technician in the field. Now over 385,000 technicians have current certifications. There is a wide range of testing opportunities that you can under go. “written tests are conducted twice a year, in the spring and fall at over 750 locations around the country. In addition, selected tests are offered in a computer-based testing (CBT) Format at 200 sites over a five-week period each Summer and winter. (http://www.ase.com/Template.cfm?Section=About_ASE1&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=67 09) The technicians that complete the ASE tests, they wear a blue and white insignia that show their completeness of the test they have taken. So if a technician has a insignia that has Engine Repair that he would be certified in engine repair, and if it said brake he would be certified in brakes. If the shop has a lot of ASE technician they can apply for a Blue Seal of Excellence Recognition Program. As show in the Quote from the website: “Shops with a high commitment to ASE's mission are eligible to join ASE's elite Blue Seal of Excellence Recognition Program”
I will explain this slide as a class and explain how this ASE question are I pick this one because both technicians are right, but I will break it down.
http://www.ase.com/Content/NavigationMenu/Service_Professionals1/Explore_Certification/Top_10_Reasons_to_Become_ASE_Certified/Top_10_Reasons_to_Become_ASE-Certified.htm. There is many reason why to become ASE certified. The main reason way to get these certifications is to get professional credentials. Professional credential is a knowledge form people saying that you have complete these test. In the website it says, “Since it recognizes your individual accomplishments, ASE’s certification serves as an impartial, third-party endorsement of your knowledge and experience on a national, even international basis. (http://www.ase.com) The second reason why you wait to get certified is to show that you are committed to the automotive field. “receiving ASE certification shows your peers, supervisor and, in turn, the general public our commitment to your chosen career and your ability to perform to set standards.” (http://www.ase.com) The third reason to get certified is that fact the you improve you professional image. You professional image is the way that people see you as. So “ASE’s certification program seeks to grow, promote and develop certified professionals, who can stand “out in front” as examples of excellence in the automotive service and repair industry.” (http://www.ase.com) The forth reason to get certified is the fact to it show achievement. The “ASE certification is a reflection of personal achievement because the individual has displayed excellence in his or her field by meeting standards and requirement established by the entire automotive industry.” (http://www.ase.com)
http://www.ase.com/Content/NavigationMenu/Service_Professionals1/Explore_Certification/Top_10_Reasons_to_Become_ASE_Certified/Top_10_Reasons_to_Become_ASE-Certified.htm. The fifth reason to get certified is to have better self-esteem. It is proven if you have better self-esteem you have better work habits. The “ASE certification is a step toward defining yourself beyond a job description or academic degree while gaining a sense of personal satisfaction.” (http://www.ase.com) The sixth reason to get ASE certified career advancement. Everyone wants to get a better position. So “ASE certification can give you the "edge" when being considered for a promotion or other career opportunities. ASE certification clearly identifies you as an employee who has demonstrated competency in specific technical specialty areas based on accepted industry standards.” (http://www.ase.com) I do not know about you but I like have extra money in the bank. So the seventh reason to get certified is a better earning potential. So “Many automotive professionals who have become ASE certified experience salary and wage increases based on their certification status. ASE-certified professionals are in high demand throughout North America.” (http://www.ase.com)
The eighth reason to get certified is to improve you skill and knowledge. In the automotive field you have to always be educated in the field. So “Typically, achieving ASE certification requires training, study and "keeping up" with changing technology. ASE certification showcases your individual competence by confirming proficiency and knowledge.” (http://www.ase.com) The ninth reason to be ASE is to be able to have more responsibility. So “Since ASE certification is a clear indicator of your willingness to invest in your own professional development. Certified professionals are aware of the constantly changing technology and environment around their profession and possess the desire to anticipate and respond to change.” (http://www.ase.com) The last and the tenth reason to have a ASE certification is to be recognition by peers. So “as an ASE-certified professional, you can expect increased recognition from your peers for taking that extra step in your professional development.” (http://www.ase.com)
This is the ASE Certifications that I would have to undergo to become a ASE master certified technician. These are 8 Automotive areas, and each one has important parts that make a car a car. I will be going into further detail in the next couple slides to give my listeners a better feel of the education that goes behind the automotive field. Have to take specialized test for each area and have documentation of two year of related work. Have to retest every five year to keep your certifications up to date. “When you retest you have to just take a test that is about the recent updates in the five years. (Rob Porter)”.
The main part of the engine is the cylinder block, and is made out of cast iron or Aluminum, all the engine part attach to it. The cylinder is where the engine combustion takes place, because of the fact that the piston is pushed up the cylinder wall, and compresses the fuel/air mix. The fuel/air mix that is injected in the cylinders through intake valve by the fuel injectors (carburetors in early models) is ignited by a spark. Once the fuel/air mixture is ignited it forces the piston down the cylinder because the piston hold the pressure by having rings around the piston that compresses it to the wall. The main part of the engine is the cylinder head because of the fact it holds the pressure in. The piston is connected to the connecting rod. That is attached to the crankshaft, and crankshaft moves in a reciprocating motion. As the piston comes back up after the power stroke it forces the deposits out the exhaust valves. This is a basic explanation on how a engine works.
These are the all the sub-areas of the ASE test for engine repair. I will be explaining the sub-areas in the next couple sides. They are vital to the engine because of the fact if you take one of the sub-areas out there will be no power. The engine will not run properly with one of these systems is missing.
This the first part of the ASE engine repair. The first thing that you have to be able to do when you diagnose a engine is check for leaks. When you check a leak you can find out many things that can be wronged with a engine. As in a book “the cause for the presence of oil outside the engine block may be seepage through the cast block, poor sealing of gaskets, improperly tightened oil filter, or a faulty oil pressure sending unit.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 19) So in a way the check engine for leaks is pretty simple. On the other hand the next thing to do is to check the cooling systems. When you have to check a cooling system you want to check for worn, check or damaged hoses. If you are not sure on if the cooling system is leaking you check it with a pressure tester. The "common sources of coolant leaks are old hoses, damaged or poorly sealing gaskets, loose hose clamps, and poorly fitting or corroded core (freeze) plugs.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 20) The next thing to to be able to check the noise of the engine. The engine noises is the best way to find out information. If the engine is making a “identifiable noise is squealing, a long, high-pitched sound. Squealing is usually caused by a worn, glazed, or damaged drive belt. There are other causes for this noise, such as a defective bearing, shaft seal, rocker arms, or worn ball studs or shafts.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 20) The sound of an engine can lead you to some of the causes that may incur in a engine problem. The exhaust smoke is another way to diagnose an engine problem. Exhaust smoke color is the way to see what is wrong. As in the book it says, “The color of the engine’s exhaust may also be used to diagnose problem. Water in the exhaust creates a whitish color (looks like steam and dissipates quickly); the presence of water could be the result of a leaking head gasket , cracked head or block. If the exhaust is blue, oil is being burned by the engine. The oil could be entering the combustion chamber through the valve guilds , past the valve seals, or past the piston rings. If the exhaust is black, the fuel/air mixture is too rich, which can cause carbon build-up inside the engine and lead to other problems.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 22) the last thing in this part is the testing the engine condition. There are many ways perform test on a engine you can use a vacuum gauge to get the vacuum readings. The other thing that you can do is a compressing test. Then you “conduct this test on all cylinders of the engine and compare the reading. If the reading on one or more cylinders is low, it indicates a problem with valves, piston rings, or the head gasket.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 24) That is the basic part of the first chapter.
This is the part of the exam where you work on the cylinder head. The cylinder head hold in the pressure during the compression stage. That give you the power that forces the piston down the cylinder. The first thing that you do in this part of the exam is to inspect the condition of the parts. You want to be able to inspect the spark plug for abnormal wear because it is able to show you so thing that might be wrong. The other things that you want to inspect are the: intake manifold, seals, inspect exhaust manifold, water pump corrosion, and the crankshaft pulley assembly. In the book, “ When removing spark plugs, inspect the condition of each plug’s thread and insulator. Inspect the mating surfaces of the intake manifold for evidence of water, air, or exhaust leaks. Look for a good seals between the manifold and the head. Inspect the exhaust manifold for cracks or warpage and evidence of a good seal between the manifold and head. After you have removed the water pump inspect for signs of leakage and corrosion. Check the inside of the oil pan for evidence of part failure or damage.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 26) you also what to look at the engine block for any wear, cracks, or carbon build up. so “carefully inspect the head gaskets, and note the location of any signs of leakage, which may appear as a burned spot or a dark discoloration of the gasket.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 27) The next thing that is need in this section is to be able to disassemble the cylinder heads. The cylinder head have a lot of information on them so I going to break it down simply. The main thing to anyway remember is “always store the parts of the head in the order they were removed, so they can be reinstalled in their correct order.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 27) When you are ready to take the valves off you have to make sure that there is no carbon build up around the springs. It is also important not to release the valve keeper fast. So do it in a slow moving manner. As is says, “with the valve keeper removed slowly release the compressor handle, and remove the valve retainer and spring assembly.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 27) The best thing to do when you are take the head off a car is to make sure that you clean the: push rods, rocker arms, and spring assembly. This can be done by a wire wheel, or scraping the sludge off the heads. So you want to “clean off small amounts of dirt with a rotating wire wheel.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 28) You also what to be able to check the threads of the spark plugs, and If they are bad retap them, or place the right threads. When you are done with that check the head for warpage. This is done with a straight edge and a feeler gauge. This is done by putting the straight across 6 different point and put the feeler gauge in until it bottoms. This measure meant should not be more the .003 of an inch in any spot. In the book “make several checks lengthwise and crosswise across the head. If there is more then .003 inch. Warpage at any point, the head needs to be machine flat.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation Series A1: Engine Repair pg 29) The last part of this section is to check the valves and springs for wear or damage. You have to check the valve guild with a dial indicator, and you want to know if it is in the right specification. Then check the spring to make sure that they are not bent. This is done by a simple test of measuring it with square.
The first thing that is going to happen in this subsection is the block measurements and look at the block to see if it can be repaired. If the is signs of the engine block not being able to be repaired, you have to replace it. “The cylinder block should be thoroughly cleaned and inspected before making measurements or repair.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A1: 34) You have to also check the measurements, and straightness of the block to see if it has to be machined. If the block has to be machined you will have to do so. “Check the flatness of the block’s deck surface with a straightedge and feeler gauge, using the same method used to check the flatness of a cylinder head.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A1:35) Pistons are simple designs, the thing that makes them up are the piston, connection rods, bearing and piston rings. The first thing that you want to do when you are measuring the pistons. You have to take the rings off. “Remove the old piston rings from the pistons with a ring expander.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:36) The piston rings have to be a certain measurement so in the piston you have to check the ring with a feeler gauge. The thing that you have to check is the rings in the cylinder, this is done by a feeler gauge. With the piston there is the measurement of the bearing. “Abnormal connecting rod bearing wear can be caused by either a bent rod, a worn or damaged crankshaft journal or a tapered connection rod bore.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:38) With the other last thing to do is to check the piston roundness, this is done by a outside micrometer. The next part of the subsection is crankshaft measurement. The way to check a crankshaft is to measure it with a micrometer, or a dial indicator. “ with a micrometer, or dial indicator, measure the main bearing journals for out-of-roundness. (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:39) you also have to check the connecting rod bearing clearance, this is done by a plastigage. A plastigage is a piece a plastic that is compressed when it is squeezed in-between two parts. So you check the clearance in the piston to crankshaft. “Place a piece of plastigage the full width of the bearing journal and parallel to the shaft” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:40) The Last thing to check is the crankshaft end play, thing is done by having the crankshaft in place and have a dial indicator on the end of crankshaft. So the crankshaft is in place, and you move the crankshaft back a forth to see how much play there is. “Pry the crankshaft all the way forward and set the dial indicator to zero” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:41) The other things parts the timing parts of the engine. The timing parts are on a two to one ratio. So the crankshaft turns twice as the camshaft turn once. This is very important because if it is off a little bit the engine runs bad.
The sealant, gasket, and seals are made to stop leaks in the engine. The leak can be outside or inside the engine. “Many engine part are installed with a sealant, gasket, or seal to prevent engine liquids and gases from leaking and to prevent dirt from entering the engine.” (Mitchell 53) if there was none of these parts on the engine they would leak so it is important to make sure the gasket, sealants, or seals are good before assembly. The other part of this section is the thermostat. The thermostat is the part of the cooling system that tell the engine if it needs more or less of coolant. “coolant leaks are not the only problems that may cause overheating. Overheating can also be caused by a faulty thermostat.” (Mitchell 53) With the thermostat you can tell if it is bad because of the fact that if you touch the radiator hose and it is not hot then your thermostat is bad. “check the thermostat’s operation by feeling the upper radiator hose after the engine is warm. If the hose is not hot to the touch, either the thermostat is stuck open, an incorrect thermostat has been installed, or the thermostat has been removed. If the thermostat is stuck closed, the engine will rapidly overheat, and, the heater will not produce heat.” (Mitchell 54”) the next and last thing in this subsection is the water pump and fans. The water pump is a device that pushes the coolant to the part of the engine that it is need in. so “a loose or worn drive belt can cause an engine to overheat.” (Mitchell 54) So if the pump does not run than you will overheat. Most RWD car have the fan and water pump on a belt assembly so if the belt is loosen the water pump would push little coolant through the engine, but if the fan is hooked on the belt then the fan will run slowly.
The ignition system is a main part of the car because it ignites the fuel/air mixture. “The purpose of the ignition system is to provide a correctly timed spark to ignite the fuel/air mixture. (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:56) The primary ignition wire and the secondary circuit is used in the ignition system. The primary ignition wire is the main wire that leads to the battery to the cap. The secondary wires are the wires that come out of the distributor or the coil pack to the spark plugs. This voltage is higher in volts, but lower in amp. The distributor and the coil pack is the part of the ignition system that is need to correctly adjusted. If the distributor or coil pack is not working well then the engine will seized to run. “most engines are equipped with a distributor, which distributes secondary voltage to the individual cylinders. (the Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:57) So the spark plug needs to be in each cylinder to make a individual spark. The sparkplugs are a simple part of the car or the most common it is one of the part that need to be change after a certain distance. With the sparkplugs you also have to change the wires the wire a simple because they are just wires.
The fuel system of a car is simple but yet complex to a person that does not have knowledge. Most fuel/air mixture is a 14.7:1 fuel air ratio, this is 14.7 pounds of air to 1 pound of gas. “The Ideal ratio, 14.7:1, is called a stoichiometric ratio and provides a compromise mixture.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:69) the fuel system is simple it involves fuel injectors but the in older cars is a carburetor. The fuel injectors are a modern devices that sprays fuel into the combusting camber. “to gain better control of air/fuel mixtures, manufacturers are equipping most new cars with electronic fuel injection.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:70) There is two main types of fuel injection system, single port injection, and multi point injection. “there are two major types of electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems: throttle (single point injection) and port (multi point injection). (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:71) One of the main parts of the emission system is the O2 sensors. The O2 sensor that tell the rich or lean conditions of the engine. You also have other sensor in the car but there is to many to name. The MAP sensors controls the air flow in the intake manifold. PCV valves takes air out of the crankcase and replaces it with fresh air. “A PCV system uses engine vacuum to draw out these vapors and to relieve the crankcase of pressure.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1:76)
This is a simple subsection the battery is what power your electronic parts of your car. In servicing a car that wont start this is the first thing that you check. “Check the battery case, terminals, cables, and hold-down bolts for dirt and corrosions.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A1: 79) The other thing that you have to do is to clean up the terminals of battery acid and rust. A good battery will have about a 12.6 of volts. If the battery is less then 12 volt you have to test the battery with a testing machine. The starting system starts your car. A wire goes down from the battery and goes to the starter. When you turn your car on you hit a switch that sends voltage to the start that kicks over the engine’s flywheel.
The first thing when servicing a transmission you want to check is the fluid level and condition. If the fluid is low this can be caused by leak outside and inside the transmission. So it is important to check the the hoses, lines, and pan for leaks. If these parts are leaking it is very important to change these part. If you do not change these parts they could cause the transmission to over heat which will make your transmission to break.
Many thing are involved with the car’s suspension and steering, and it is more then just parts. The cars suspension consist of a wide range of parts that involves: the traction, the control, and the stability. “The Steering system allows, the driver to turn the vehicle left or right.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation series A4: Suspension and Steering) I will be explaining these parts of the suspension and steering test in a next couple of slides.
Going further explain this slide. This is the main subsection of the ASE Suspension and steering.
The steering system is like the feet of your car it help your car move left or right. It makes the car go straight down the road too. “The steering system allows the driver to turn the vehicle left or right.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:15) How the three subsystems works together is the steering column is moved by the driver. When the driver move the steering column by the steering wheel, it engages the steering gear. Once the steering gears are engage it hits the steering leakage and move the wheels in the way the driver move the steering wheel. “As the steering wheel is turned, the steering column transfers this motion to the steering gear and linkage which turn the wheels to control vehicle direction.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:15) The steering column is what is attached to the steering wheel. On new car they change the steering column so it is directly connected to the steering gear. This is made this way so when the car get into a accident it will collapses. “In a collision, the column shaft is designed to collapse upon impact.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:15) There is two types of steering gears: a rack and pinion steering and non rack and pinion steering. A rack and pinion gear system is made up of: steering rack gear, tie rods, and the have tie rod connected to the knuckle. The non rack and pinion system is made up of: a steering gear, Pitman arm, center link, idler arm, and tie rod ends. When there is a steering problem check them. “When a steering problem is evident, these parts should be inspected for wear, looseness, and damage.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:16) The last part of this section is the power steering system. The power steering system help you steer the car. It make hydraulic pressure in the power steering pump the pushes it to the steering gear. When you power steering pump goes you should replace it right away. “The power steering pump is used to develop hydraulic flow, which provides the force needed to operate the steering gear.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:21) The power steering systems run off of the belt, and creates that forces the pressure. The last section that not really talked about is the steering leakages. They are just basically the tie rods and the tie rod end that help move the wheel by the knuckle.
This section is simple because of the fact that it is about the repair of suspension parts. Now the suspension parts is what make you ride smooth and be able to not bounce of the road. If you heard noise you want to check the suspension parts. “When conducting a visual inspection, check for broken springs, worn bushings, broken or leaking shock absorbers, stabilizer bar link or bushing failure, and bent control arms or struts.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:31) One of the most common part of a front of the vehicle would be the MacPherson strut. This is put on the car to make sure that the car does not bounce all over the place. “On MacPherson strut Suspension, the upper spring seat should be inspected for free rotation as the wheels are turned.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:31) When you first are going to check the struts you want to check the wheel bearing, Ball joints and the condition of the strut and shock absorbers. There is good was to check for these is jounce the car, or moved the wheel. “Jounce the car up and down while listening for unusual noises.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:31) You also want to check the ride height of a car so that is in specifications. When a vehicle height is not adjusted right the car will pull. The other part of the car to check is the control arms. You want to inspect them for any damages, if any to want to replace it. “Control arm bushing are best inspected for looseness while the car is on a lift with the weight of the control arm, or jack up for a ball joint inspection.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:32) This is very important to check because if there is sign of damage the car will not be able to be properly aligned. You always want to check the ball joint to see if they are properly working. If the ball joint don’t work properly they can split and cause a accident. When you replace a ball joint along with most suspension parts you should do a alignment. “Wheel Alignment should be always be done after ball joints have been replaced because the actual position of the joints determines the alignment angles.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:35) When you have to remove the coil spring you need a spring compressor it is a pretty simple to do.
So caster is the frontward or backward motion of the wheel. This is could be explain easier all you have to do is picture a motorcycle wheels in front being to forward or backward. This adjustment in a wheel alignment is not usually adjustable if this comes up you want to change the struts. “Caster is affected by worn or loose strut rods, and control arm bushings.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:42) The next thing to check when you do an alignment is to do the caster. Caster is the angle of the wheel in a positive or negative angle. This can be related to to the back slashes on a computer key board. / would be a negative camber and would be positive camber. The camber you have the do a caster and camber swing. So if the camber is off it will “cause tire wear and the vehicle to steer towards the side that is more positive.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:42) Toe is the when the steering component are off. On most cars it is the inward of outward of the tie rods. This can be adjusted by rotation the tie rods. It is important to make sure that the toe is set perfectly because if is not then it will wear tires. “Toe adjustments must be made evenly on both sides of the car.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:42)
Tires in the suspension and steering is a major part of the car movement. The first thing when you do any type of adjustment to the suspension you want to check air pressure. “Prior to beginning diagnosis of a steering and suspension system, the tires should be checked for proper inflation and for signs of improper front-end alignment, wheel and tire imbalance, and physical defects or damage.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:49) With the tire wear you have to make sure that a tire is good. If the tire see the tire thread bars then the tire should be replaced. At the shop that I work at they say that if the thread does not touch the head on a penny it is bad. When a tire is bad it should be replace right away. The tire on a car is made to be rotated so it is important to get your tires rotated to get the maxim tire life. “To equalize tire wear, most car and tire manufacturers recommend tires be rotated.” (The Mitchell ASE Test Preparation A4:50)
