Female foeticide has been a problem in India stemming from a historical oppression of women. As men asserted physical dominance over women throughout history, they also gained control over property and sought to control women as possessions. This led to women being deprived of rights and reduced to commodities that could be exchanged. The preference for sons to carry on family names and inherit property, along with the financial burden of dowries, caused some families to kill baby girls or abort female fetuses. Now, the technology of ultrasounds enables determining and selectively aborting female fetuses, violating anti-foeticide laws. This grave problem has contributed to a deficit of women in some states.

1. Female Foeticide in India
Several Stories Untold...
The day Homo Erectus became Homo Sapiens, the male must have realized he was physically
stronger than the female, may be they fought tooth and nail at first, till the woman realized that it
was no use trying to win over the man physically and eventually gave up. The man must have
gloated that day in triumph at subjugating the female; he is still gloating! He must have begun to
assert himself very early in history; he is still asserting.
The woman ‘gave in’ centuries ago and she is still ‘giving in’. Women started to suffer from the day
they developed the gift of feelings and emotions. She is still suffering. Man has come a long way, he
has become ‘civilized’, but his instinct to dominate over the weaker sex has remained, in fact it has
turned into an obsession, a need, with time. With ‘civilization’ the tools of oppression have become
more ‘civilized’, more sophisticated, cultivated, advanced and techno savvy. In fact the whole
process of advancement can be traced in the process of suppression of women.
It must have started with the need to possess -land, property, women- and to gain control over
them. Whoever was powerful got the maximum property, land, and then women may be, to serve
him, to ‘comfort’ him, and to provide him ‘satisfaction’.
With property must have come the need to control and manage people, the need to rule, and with
the need to rule the desire to have power.
With power comes the show of power, and what better way could there be to show power than the
display of property. Property became a tool to ‘show his strength’. With strength came the need to
assert strength, to bully the weak, to dispossess them and to become more powerful. With power
and property greed took root. Not satisfied with what he already had, man wanted more. With the
craving to have more, first petty squabbles with neighbors, then bigger conflicts with far off
territories, then alliances with neighboring territories must have started.
With control of property, the instinct to bully grew leading to unprovoked assaults; attacks on the
weak thus starting wars, first small and then on a larger scale. The need to maintain an army must
have developed and the feeling of being stronger of the two sexes - the importance of being a man.
The beast in man resurfaced when he subjugated territory, he looted and possessed (read raped)
women; not satisfied with just that, he brought them over along with him and forcefully kept them
and used them, to ‘satisfy’ his needs, his sexual desires. Thus women were enslaved, becoming the
spoil of war, a won-over property, as slaves, as a commodity, as a ‘thing’ to be possessed and used at
will. Slowly a woman was reduced to the status of a slave, a thing, a ‘possession’, rather than a
human being. Like all the rules of governance, rules regarding women and their conduct (read the
determination of how much would be their limits, of how much they could be ‘allowed’ to do) were
laid down. A whole campaign aimed at subjugation of women started.
Over the years her physical weakness was exploited to make her psychologically weak as well.
Gradually a girl was indoctrinated to feel inferior, not only physically but psychologically,
intellectually, and mentally. She was deprived of property rights- either at the very onset or by law
slowly dispossessing her completely. Having lost all rights she lost power and with that the right to

2. make decisions. Considered a commodity she could now be exchanged (e.g. by marriage), kept or
rejected at will, and got rid of when not required, either by abandoning or later or even murder.
Each time a man repressed a woman, he justified his action, to appease his conscience and mollify
others in the society.
On the other hand, in order to continue possessing his property, even after death, the need of an
heir, a son, became necessary. In marriage the groom demanded that the bride’s father also provide
for his daughter’s maintenance, since she was now a financial ‘burden’ on him. And the system of
dowry started. So, a girl became a potential financial drain on man and somewhere down the line it
become a matter of prestige too, with more money and material goods asked in dowry. The girl was
no longer desired.
First it was a girl or two killed on the sly, then man become bolder and bolder till female infanticide
must have become the accepted norm. With the laws coming up against female infanticide, more
sophisticated techniques are now sought after. With the availability of ultrasound technology for
determining sex of the foetus, a simple and non invasive technique, the slogan of many ultrasound
sex-determination clinics is: “Spend five hundred rupees now save five lacks later” (meaning get a
female foetus aborted, to later save dowry money).
It is a matter of grave concern that today in India we are discussing a thing like female foeticide. This
term in itself envelopes myriads of meanings, it smacks of the fact that a) a girl is killed before she is
born; b) that sex of a foetus is determined to be that of a female; c) it acknowledges that there is
technology privy to this heinous crime; d) there are doctors involved in first determining the sex of
the baby, then carrying out abortion; and e) there is crime involved in violating not one but many
laws: the Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) 1994 Act, the
Section 307 IPC (of attempt to murder) and along with crime of abetment of murder etc.
Women are being ’sold’ by their own poor parents to land owners in Rajasthan , UP and from poorer
States of Bihar, West Bengal & Bangladesh; this caters to the ‘demand’ for women in these states to
the already existing acute deficit.
In conclusion I would like to share two of very important points on this grave problem. ‘Girl Unborn’,
that highlights the appalling practice of female infanticide still being practiced in India, and ‘Missing
Girls’ about the misuse of ultrasound technology in India.