This document provides an overview of art appreciation and the nature of art. It discusses several key topics: - The elements of art found in nature like lines, colors, textures, and how artists have drawn from nature throughout history. - Different art genres like verbal, non-verbal, and mixed arts. It also discusses theories of art like expressionism, distortion, formalism, realism, and abstraction. - The history of art in the Philippines, including traditional and non-traditional art forms, and influential artists like Amorsolo and Tolentino. - Different cultures' depictions of nature in their art, like Islamic geometric patterns, and Philippine weaving designs with spiritual meanings.

1. Art Appreciation
(Chapter 1 – Part 2)

3. Continuation of the
previous lesson
• Source
• Inocian, et al. (2021). Modular
Approach to Art Appreciation,
LORIMAR Publishing Inc.
• Balones, J.G., Sumatra, K.P.,
Epondulan, F.T., and Nebria,
E.L. (2022). Art Appreciation,
Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

4. Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of the Chapter, you should be able to:
• Discuss the nature of art’s preliminary expressions;
• Characterize artistic expression based on personal experience with art;
• Clarify misconceptions about art;
• Differentiate art history from art appreciation
• Categorize the works of art by citing personal experiences and
• Characterize the assumptions of the arts.

5. Nature and Art History
•To Dante Alighieri, nature is the art of God.
• The seven essential elements of art; line,
color, space, form, shape, texture, and value
(Ray & Daniel, 2016) are essential to enhance
the sense of aesthetics (Silva, 2010).
•The elements of arts are all found in nature.

6. Nature and Art History
•Growing Trees show vertical lines; mountains,
cliffs, and hills reflect curve, triangular and zigzag
lines; valleys and plains are carved with horizontal
lines.
•Lush vegetation shows the different tints and
shades of green, blooming flowers with bright
colors, vast space of deserts, oceans and skies
appear with yellowish brown and blue colors.

7. Nature and Art History
• Bumpy, rocky, protruding, rolling, sparse and dense
places speak for the environment’s natural texture.
• Daytime and nighttime provide the values of sharpness
between lightness and darkness of colors, the shininess
or dullness of the surface and the clarity or dimness
(Beardsley, 1981) of the surroundings.
• The massive land and water distributions reflect their
varied forms and shapes, with remarkable beauty.

8. Nature and Art History
•Nature is not art but its source.
•Art is made by man no matter how close it
is to nature (Zulueta, 1994).

9. Nature and Art History
•Before the manner of production of colors by
industries, artists and weavers in the past
extracted juices from plants as colors used
primarily to dye threads in weaving for cloth.
•For instance, the Sumbanese women
extracted brown colors from tobacco juices,
blue colors from indigo and other plants to
produce different colors for the weaving or
spinning of cloth (Forshee, 2001).

10. Nature and Art History
•Oriental artists use nature with beautiful
landscape, seascape and select flora and fauna as
a subject of art.
•This is typically depicted in Chinese, Japanese and
Korean paintings.
•The Sumbanese weavers in Indonesia also featured
images of crocodiles, horses, deer, lions, and sea
creatures in the weaving of cloth (Forshee, 2001).

11. Nature and Art History
•The Yakan weavers in Basilan, Philippines portray
peneh kenna-kenna (fish-like design), peneh sawe-
sawe (snake-like design), peneh dawen-dawen
(folial design) and penneh kule-kule (turtle-like
design)(Pasilan, 2017).

12. Nature and Art History
•This depiction of nature is associated with animism
and other cultural beliefs and traditions shown in
the staging of rituals and festivities.
•Like the inner mystical or psycho-spiritual
dimensions of Islam, Sufism emphasizes
introspection and spiritual closeness with Allah
(Asreemoro, 2008).

13. Nature and Art History
• As a renunciation of worldly things (Issitt & Main, 2014),
Moslem artists do not emphasize animals and plants in
art. Sufism belief is based on esoteric principle that
reflects simplicity in the use of geometric shapes and
forms in Islamic art, because beauty is objective and
self-expressive of the truth (Dabbour, 2012).
• To Critchlow (1984), “Islamic art emphasized geometric
figures emanating form the Ultimate reality Allah to
human realities, as one of the most powerful forms of
sacred art.”

14. Nature and Art History
•Hence, in Islamic architecture, the dome
represents a cosmic symbol of the arch of
heaven and embellished structure with
arabesques combined with repeated
patterns of tessellations in exact
measurement and proportions.

15. Nature and Art History
• In the Philippines the art of weaving observes its
utilitarian purpose by using natural materials in the
environment like leaves, vines and bamboo strips, which
are durable enough to contain the yields of the farm.
• The Cebuanos weave bakat, a large basket-like container
of braid bamboo strips with hexagram tessellation – a
motif found in the eyes of the basket in hexagonal
patterns that form like a honeycomb (Inocian et al., 2019).

16. The weaving of Bakat
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

17. The weaving of Bakat
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

18. Nature and Art History
•The design of the bakat reflects the
animistic beliefs of Handurawism, a ritual
supplication of intimacy to Laon, a
“Supreme Visayan Deity – The Ruler of
Time,” in harmony with the kalikupan or
nature.

19. Nature and Art History
•This belief of the bakat art and craft of weaving is
similar to the animistic weaving patterns of puso,
(hanging rice pouches) into six geometrical designs
using tender leaes of palm leaves braided into
kinasing (heart-like shape), binaki (froglike shape),
manan-aw (cascading-like phalaenopsis shape),
binosa (fist-like shape), badbaranay (wad-like
shape) and tinigib (chisel-like shape), using tender
and supple palm leaves.

20. Nature and Art History
• The Puso design represent a very profound appreciation
for self-glorification, beauty of nature and utilitarianism
for practical and religious purpose.
• Nocheseda (2009-2011) and Alix (2013) usged for the
preservation of this indigenous art and craft of puso
weaving, as a cultural treasure of the country.

21. Puso weaving
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

23. History of Arts in the Philippines
•The art of the Philippines refers to the works of art
that have developed and accumulated in the
Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the
country up to the present era.
•Philippine art reflects to its society and non-
Filipinos the wide range of cultural influences on
the country’s culture and how these influences
honed the country’s arts.

24. History of Arts in the Philippines
•In the 1920’s, Fernando Amorsolo and
his constituents established the
Amorsolo school of painting. Its
influence would continue to grow for
decades, where their work became
widely known.

25. History of Arts in the Philippines
•Guillermo Tolentino was trained in the
academy in Rome.
•He became the proponent of classical
sculpture in the Philippines, as seen in
his public monuments and statues.

26. History of Arts in the Philippines
•The art of the Philippines can be
divided into two: Traditional Arts and
Non-Traditional Arts.

27. History of Arts in the Philippines
•(1)Traditional Art – bearers of traditional
arts can be nominated as Gawad
Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA), equal to
National Artist.
•Forms of this art are: folk architecture,
weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk
graphic arts, and folk oral literature.

28. History of Arts in the Philippines
•(2) Non-Traditional Arts – Bearers non-
traditional arts can be nominated as
National Artist, equal to Gawad
Manlilikha ng Bayan.
•Forms of this art are: dance, music,
theater, visual arts, literature, film and
broadcast art, architecture and design.

29. Art Genres
•As part of the study of the humanities, artists
introduce several genres, “kind” or “type”, of art
(DiMaggio, 1987).
•The last misconception of art is its plurality. Art
observe no plural form, insisting to have one
creates different meanings.
•Art refers to the fine arts of painting, drawing and
carving, which is basically a skill.

30. Art Genres
•While, the arts represent a subject
like fashion and cuisine, sports,
commerce, economics and the
humanities are by nature
disciplinal.

31. Figure 5. Kinds of Art (World Book Encyclopedia, 1995)
Classification
of
Art
Verbal
Non-verbal
Mixed

32. Art Genres
Verbal Arts
- The verbal arts include literature and
oratory, which use words and language
such as poetry, fiction and essay.

33. Art Genres
Non-verbal Arts
- The non-verbal arts use no words but motor skills.
Motor skills can be classified into two-fine and gross.
Arts utilize the use of the dexterity of the hands and
fingers or fine motor skills demonstrated in musical
compositions, drawing, architecture, graphic arts,
fashion design, lithography, painting, engraving, weaving
and other handicrafts while interior design, ceramics or
pottery, film-making, photography arts use gross motor or
body skills.

34. Art Genres
Mixed Art
- The mixed art utilizes the combined elements of
verbal and non-verbal arts such as the
advertisement for commercial purpose, theater and
drama, opera, song and dance or the performing arts
and cinema.

35. Art Genres
What
classification of
art are you good
at?
How will you
nurture it?

36. The theories of art
•The theory of art contrasts with the definition
of art.
•Theorizing art is similar to a theory of natural
phenomenon like gravity.
•As a matter of fact, the main purpose of a
theory of art is to treat art like other natural
phenomenon that needs to be investigated.

37. The theories of art
•A theory of art presumes that people have
different conceptions of this unattainable
art concept, thus humans must resort to
worldly investigation.

38. Theories of Art
1. Expressionism
2. Distortion
3. Formalism
4. Realism
5. Abstraction

39. Expressionism
•It is a term used to describe works of art in which
the representation of reality is distorted to
communicate an inner vision.
•Expressionism was an art movement and
international tendency at the beginning of the 20th
Century, which spanned the visual arts, literature,
music, theatre, and architecture.
•The aim of the artist was to express emotional
experiences, rather than physical reality.

40. Distortion Art
•In the art world, a distortion art is any change made
by an artist to the size, shape or visual character of
a form to express an idea, convey a feeling or
enhance visual impact.
•Exaggerating, twisting, and elongating forms are
used to emphasize an intense feeling to do this.

41. Pablo Picasso
•One of the great contributors of distorted
artworks.
•He is very famous for his paintings of
distorted faces.

42. Distorted Art

43. Formalism
•Formalism is an approach used by art critics
to examine and evaluate works of art.
•It is one of the oldest methods to evaluate art.
•Formalism, emphasizes compositional
elements such as color, line shape, and
texture.

44. Realism
•This art movement transformed the western
art world because of its unprecedented
attention to everyday subject matter.
•The function of the artist is to illustrate as
accurate and honestly as possible what he
observed through his sense.

45. Abstraction
•Abstract art does not attempt to
represent an accurate depiction of a
visual reality but instead use shapes,
colours, forms, and gestural marks to
achieve its effect.

46. Abstraction Art

47. Art History
•Art history begins with the emergence of human
beings whose imagination propels an expression of
great legacies that human civilizations have
witnessed.
•Art is as old as history, even before the discovery of
the cuneiform writing in Mesopotamia and the
hieroglyphics in Egypt.

48. Art History
•For thousands of years, incessant interaction of
early humans to the environment paved the
enhancement of imagination that led to the
discovery and gradual evolution of the finer aspects
of life.
•Although culture was unsophisticated, art became
a witness in the early humans quest for people’s
struggle for power, security and survival.

49. Art History
•Though art history has been characterized
with a Eurocentric bias because of power
influence and historical control of the
West (Chase, 2014), art historians and
researchers start the inclusion of Oriental
perspectives.

50. Pre-historic Period
•Regarded as nomads, our early ancestors
engaged in primitive art using stone flakes to
produce fire to protect themselves. They joined
hunting wild animals for food and used animal
skins to cover their bodies. Like them, the Cro-
Magnons made carvings on wood and rocks and
painted the caves to scare wild beasts to protect
their families and bands, who lived in deep and
shallow caves and rock shelters (Rafferty, 2020).

51. Pre-historic Period
•Art is integral to the lifestyles and beliefs of
many cultures as proven by early cave
paintings of our ancestors (Coppock, 2000).
•Being part of Europe’s modern men and
women, Cro-Magnons were known in cave
paintings that reflected their daily hunting
routines.

52. Cro-Magnon Art
(Encyclopedia
Britannica, 2020)
Cave painting of a
bison, Altamira
Spain
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

53. Cave Paintings of Drawn animals, Lacaux cave, Montignac, France

54. Aurignacian-
Gravettian
Sculpture,
Moravian
Museum, Czech
Republic

55. Pre-historic Period
•During the Mesolithic age, the art of tool-
making was improved like the use of axes
by sharpening the tools like the stone
flaking and grinding.
•They learned the use of hooks and nets for
fishing.

56. Pre-historic Period
•They also learned the art of dog
domestication for food.
•During the neolithic age, nomadism
ended.
•They settled permanently and engaged in
the art of farming.

57. Pre-historic Period
•The art of animal domestication increased.
•They learned the art of pottery-making for
water and food containers.
•Another new development during this age was
the polishing and the putting of handles on
stone tools for a comfortable hunting
expedition.

58. Ancient Period
•While the pre-historic art is associated with
struggle for security and human survival, art in
the ancient period represented the
architectural construction of stones and
bricks for temples, fortresses, tombs and
palaces that symbolizes power and authority.

59. Ancient Period
•While the pre-historic art is associated with
struggle for security and human survival, art in
the ancient period represented the
architectural construction of stones and
bricks for temples, fortresses, tombs and
palaces that symbolizes power and authority.

60. In 2700 BCE, ancient Sumerians constructed the Ziggurat of UR as a votive offering to Enlil, their
deity.

61. The Gate of Ishtar constructed in 575 BCE in Babylon (now Iraq) is one of the famous citadels
in the ancient world (Agustyn, et al., 2016)

62. The pyramids built at Giza, Egypt served as tombs of the pharaohs in 2000 BCE.

63. The mortuary temples of Queen Hatshepsut and her family were constructed during the New
Kingdom in 1500 BCE.

64. The carving of the
Bust of Nefertiti
during the Amarna
period in 1300
BCE.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA