Andrew Goodwin's Music Video Theory discusses how visuals in music videos can illustrate, amplify, or contradict the lyrics and music. Genres tend to have their own styles and symbols represented explicitly in videos. Effective music videos include close-ups of the artist and develop their unique image to be identifiable. Common themes in music videos include voyeurism, references to other works, and the sexual objectification of female performers through camera angles and body shots.

1. Andrew Goodwin’s Music Video Theory

2. Visuals can illustrate Amplify Or contradict the lyrics and music.

3. Genres tend to have their own musical style and iconography explicit in their music videos.

4. There must be Close-Ups included in the video.

5. The artist integrates their own unique star iconography & develops an image that makes them identifiable.

6. The theme of voyeurism is common in music videos

7. Intertextual references are popular too.

8. The female performer is frequently objectified.

9. Often through combinations of camera work and fragmented body shots effectively sexualising the star.