This document discusses software process models and their characteristics. It describes the waterfall model, modified waterfall model, evolutionary models including prototyping and incremental development. The spiral model is also explained as it couples iterative prototyping with controlled sequential development. The models are compared in terms of their advantages like manageability and accommodating changes, and disadvantages such as inability to adapt to iterations or changes in later stages. Key activities in a software process like requirements, development, validation and evolution are outlined.

1. Software Engineering
Process Models
PRESENTED BY:HEMANT SUTHAR
130110107058
SUBMITTED TO:NAMRATA DAVE

2. Introduction
• Software process
• Software process models
• Weaknesses & strengths

3. Objectives
• Explain software process
• Discuss software models
• Activities involved in software models
• Comparative advantages & disadvantages of software processes

4. Process
• “A process is series of steps involving activities ,constraints and
resources that produce an intended output”

5. Activities
• Communicate with customer
• Identify the requirements
• Check the feasibility
• Analyse the requirements
• Make a design
• Develop the software according to design
• Test the developed software
• If software is according to the customer specification and free of errors the
implement it otherwise repeat all the steps described above

6. Constraints
• Requirements should be carefully identified
• Feasibility should be checked for the suitability of project in terms of:
=>Software and hardware requirements
=>Cost
=>Time
• Problem should be carefully analysed
• Design should be made keeping reusability in mind
• Testing should be done carefully

7. Resources
• People
• Software
• Hardware
• Equipments
• Time
• Money
Process

8. Software Process
• Building a software product is actually known as software process

9. Fundamental activities for software process
• Software specifications
• Software development
• Software validation
• Software evolution

10. Software process characteristics
• Understandability
The ease to understand the process definition
• Visibility
Process activities are properly performed and progress of the process is
visible or not?
• Supportability
Either the process is supported by Computer-aided software engineering
(CASE) tools or not?
• Acceptability
The process is acceptable or usable by those involved in it or not?

11. Software process characteristics
• Robustness
Continuity of process inspite of unexpected problems.
• Reliability
Product developed is free of errors
• Maintainabiity
Adaptation of changing organizational needs.
• Rapidity
Speed of development of a process according to the specification.

12. Software process models
• “A development strategy designed to solve an actual problem in an
industry setting”

13. The Waterfall Model

14. Advantages
• Simple to implement and manage
• Enforces a disciplined software development approach

15. Drawbacks
• Unable to accommodate changes at later stages
• Unable to accommodate iteration
• Method is not suitable for large projects

16. Modified Waterfall Model
• Define the customer requirements
• Design the project on paper
• Discuss with customer
• Develop software according to waterfall model

17. Evolutionary Software Process Models
• A process model that has been explicitly designed to accommodate a
product that evolves over time
• Iterative
• Help to produce complete product

18. Prototyping Model
communication
Quick
plan
Modeling
Quick design
Construction
of prototype
Deployment
delivery &
feedback

19. Advantages
• Appropriate for small or medium-sized interactive systems

20. Drawbacks
• Lack of process visibility
• The developer often makes implementation compromises in order to
get a prototype working quickly
• Special skills may be required

21. Incremental Model
• Combines elements of the linear sequential model with iterative
philosophy of prototyping

22. Incremental Model

23. Comparison of incremental process model
with the Prototyping
• Incremental process model focuses on the delivery of an operational
product with each increment while prototyping does not

24. Advantages
• Useful when there are less staff members available
• Early increments can be implemented with fewer people
• Increments can be planned to manage technical risks

25. The Spiral Model
• It is an evolutionary software process model that couples iterative
nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of
linear sequential model

26. Spiral Model

27. Advantages
• The developer and customer better understand and react to risks at
each evolutionary level

28. References
• https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&c
d=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwil5rSWrsTKAhWQC44KHWOOA2
4QFgg8MAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProc
ess_modeling&usg=AFQjCNGw8HDKEpn0FVzldJLCdVjVC5qgWw&bvm
=bv.112454388,d.c2E
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwsKr1MObxs
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvoqEwQ8wKs