Excerpt from Mitch\'s new book "Healthcare Babylon: A Decade of Commentary & Opinion from The Chronicle of Healthcare Marketing" More at http://www.healthcarebabylon.biz
This document summarizes an article that argues poverty is a women's equality issue and should be addressed through substantive equality rights in the Canadian Charter. It discusses how social and economic rights claims have been defeated by classifying them as non-justiciable. However, international human rights law does not support a strict division between civil/political rights and social/economic rights. Considering women's disproportionate experience of poverty and its impacts, the right to substantive equality must protect basic income security. Failing to acknowledge the gendered impacts of poverty risks narrowing the understanding of equality rights.
Universal health care has been debated for decades in the United States, as millions of Americans lack health insurance coverage due to high costs. Those with lower incomes working in service jobs deserve healthcare access to live comfortably. Families can also lose coverage if a spouse loses their job. There should be options for those who can no longer afford insurance due to financial problems. The United States is the only wealthy nation without universal healthcare, and around 47 million Americans were uninsured in 2006 primarily due to high costs.
Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...ILC- UK
Long term care funding in the UK - The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence of public and private systems
Dr. Craig Berry, International Longevity Centre - UK, craigberry@ilcuk.org.uk
III Congreso Internacional - Dependencia y Calidad de Vida
The document summarizes the history and role of community health centers in the United States. It discusses how community health centers originated in the 1960s as part of President Johnson's War on Poverty. The first centers opened in Boston and Mississippi in 1965. Over time, community health centers have expanded across the country and now serve over 15 million people, especially low-income and uninsured populations. Community health centers are locally run nonprofit clinics that provide affordable, accessible healthcare to medically underserved communities.
Universal Health Care in the United StatesShantanu Basu
The document discusses the current US healthcare system and theories of policy change. It analyzes how multiple problem streams, political conditions, and policy alternatives could converge to place healthcare reform on the policy agenda. Specifically, rising costs, decreased coverage, and poor outcomes have highlighted issues with the current system. Shifting public opinion and the upcoming presidential election may open a policy window to address universal healthcare.
This document summarizes a social policy paper on veteran homelessness. It begins with background on the social problem of veteran homelessness, defining homelessness and providing statistics. It then discusses the causes of veteran homelessness and interventions. The document outlines the federal Opening Doors policy and program, King County's Five Year Plan to end veteran homelessness. It describes the plan's goals, funding sources, administration, accessibility, and providers. It concludes by noting the plans aim for horizontal and vertical adequacy in addressing veteran homelessness.
This document discusses various issues with the US healthcare system and alternatives for reform. It notes that incremental reforms at the state level have failed to achieve universal coverage. A public option is criticized for not achieving significant cost savings due to private insurers still playing a large role. Single-payer national health insurance is presented as an alternative that could reduce bureaucracy costs by $400 billion while providing comprehensive, secure coverage for all Americans.
This document summarizes an article that argues poverty is a women's equality issue and should be addressed through substantive equality rights in the Canadian Charter. It discusses how social and economic rights claims have been defeated by classifying them as non-justiciable. However, international human rights law does not support a strict division between civil/political rights and social/economic rights. Considering women's disproportionate experience of poverty and its impacts, the right to substantive equality must protect basic income security. Failing to acknowledge the gendered impacts of poverty risks narrowing the understanding of equality rights.
Universal health care has been debated for decades in the United States, as millions of Americans lack health insurance coverage due to high costs. Those with lower incomes working in service jobs deserve healthcare access to live comfortably. Families can also lose coverage if a spouse loses their job. There should be options for those who can no longer afford insurance due to financial problems. The United States is the only wealthy nation without universal healthcare, and around 47 million Americans were uninsured in 2006 primarily due to high costs.
Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...ILC- UK
Long term care funding in the UK - The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence of public and private systems
Dr. Craig Berry, International Longevity Centre - UK, craigberry@ilcuk.org.uk
III Congreso Internacional - Dependencia y Calidad de Vida
The document summarizes the history and role of community health centers in the United States. It discusses how community health centers originated in the 1960s as part of President Johnson's War on Poverty. The first centers opened in Boston and Mississippi in 1965. Over time, community health centers have expanded across the country and now serve over 15 million people, especially low-income and uninsured populations. Community health centers are locally run nonprofit clinics that provide affordable, accessible healthcare to medically underserved communities.
Universal Health Care in the United StatesShantanu Basu
The document discusses the current US healthcare system and theories of policy change. It analyzes how multiple problem streams, political conditions, and policy alternatives could converge to place healthcare reform on the policy agenda. Specifically, rising costs, decreased coverage, and poor outcomes have highlighted issues with the current system. Shifting public opinion and the upcoming presidential election may open a policy window to address universal healthcare.
This document summarizes a social policy paper on veteran homelessness. It begins with background on the social problem of veteran homelessness, defining homelessness and providing statistics. It then discusses the causes of veteran homelessness and interventions. The document outlines the federal Opening Doors policy and program, King County's Five Year Plan to end veteran homelessness. It describes the plan's goals, funding sources, administration, accessibility, and providers. It concludes by noting the plans aim for horizontal and vertical adequacy in addressing veteran homelessness.
This document discusses various issues with the US healthcare system and alternatives for reform. It notes that incremental reforms at the state level have failed to achieve universal coverage. A public option is criticized for not achieving significant cost savings due to private insurers still playing a large role. Single-payer national health insurance is presented as an alternative that could reduce bureaucracy costs by $400 billion while providing comprehensive, secure coverage for all Americans.
Clinician’s Research Digest, An APA Journal – Supplemental Bulletin 39, “Improving Access to Behavioral Healthcare Services: The Georgia Crisis & Access Line,” part of a series on research-informed day-to-day clinical practice.
The document discusses single-payer healthcare systems and whether one could work in the U.S. It defines single-payer as a healthcare financing system with one source of money for providers. Examples given include Medicare and some country-wide systems. Pros listed are potential savings on administration costs and universal coverage. Cons discussed include the potential for government mispricing and significant changes required. Polls show most Americans favor reform but are split on solutions and tax increases. Overall the conclusion is that a single-payer system could increase access but faces strong political opposition and transition challenges.
Sociological research can impact government policy in several ways:
1. By providing understanding of society and social problems through factual research and theoretical explanations, which can indirectly lead to new policies, as with research on poverty that influenced the minimum wage.
2. By increasing awareness of cultural differences and discrimination, as with research on disability that galvanized legislation.
3. By assessing the effects of current policies and providing data-driven recommendations, as with research that informed the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
4. However, some argue that when sociology works directly with governments, it risks being "colonized" and its critical edge lost, while others see benefits from partnerships that match theory with action.
Healthcare History Timeline from Annenberg ClassroomHeather Zink
This timeline summarizes the major developments in the history of health care and health insurance in the United States from 1900 to 2010. It shows that organized medicine began taking shape in the early 1900s while the concept of health insurance was first promoted in 1912. The first modern health insurance plan was created in 1929 in Dallas, Texas. Major developments include the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, and various attempts at health care reform throughout the 20th century.
1) The document discusses the challenges faced by people with disabilities in Ontario, including high rates of poverty and unemployment.
2) It notes that a upcoming government report may propose merging disability support payments with welfare, which could substantially lower monthly incomes for those receiving disability support.
3) While the government aims to get more people with disabilities working to reduce dependence on social programs, the document argues this approach risks further exclusion and failure given barriers in the workplace. A broader shift in societal attitudes is needed instead.
The document discusses the differences between residual and institutional models of social welfare. Residual social work is reactive and deals with visible needs after other support systems have been depleted, while institutional social work takes a preventative approach and supports people's well-being through universally available services. Examples of residual social work include services for those in crisis, while institutional social work provides services like free education and healthcare available to all. The document contrasts the short-term, needs-based nature of residual systems with the population-wide, preventative institutional approach.
This document discusses the rights and facilities provided to senior citizens in India. It notes that the government and UN have declared those over 60 (males) and 55 (females) to be senior citizens who may face health, financial and family problems. The government has enacted laws and policies to protect their rights and interests, including provisions in the constitution. Various ministries provide concessions and facilities to senior citizens for transportation, healthcare, savings, and more. It is the duty of both the state and families to take care of senior citizens in their old age.
According to the document by Kelly Bennett, MD, the federal government defines homelessness as lacking a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. The majority of the homeless population are under age 40, with children under 18 making up 40% and the largest demographic groups being African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics. Poverty is a major cause of homelessness, with over 12.5% of the US population living in poverty and lacking sufficient funds for basic needs such as shelter, food and healthcare. Poverty levels are increasing due to rising unemployment, decreasing wages and reductions in public assistance.
The history of healthcare in the US shows rising costs over time and various attempts at reform. Early 1900s saw the rise of paid hospital care and surgery becoming common. The 1910s saw the beginnings of the health insurance movement despite opposition. In the 1930s, the Depression halted healthcare reforms despite Roosevelt's calls for reform. The 1940s saw the rise of employer provided health benefits and antibiotics. The 1960s saw Medicare and Medicaid passed under Johnson. Attempts at national healthcare failed under Nixon in the 1970s. By the 1990s, over 44 million Americans lacked health insurance, leading to the passage of Obamacare in 2010 in an effort to address rising costs and the uninsured.
The document discusses issues around "crowding out" private health insurers by expanding government-run health programs. It makes three key points:
1) When programs like Medicare were created, they replaced some existing private insurance coverage for the elderly without harming quality of care, as seen by how satisfied Medicare beneficiaries are.
2) Private health insurers sometimes prioritize profits over patient care, as seen in an example where an insurer threatened large premium hikes to avoid paying a hospital more for services.
3) Expanding public coverage could be seen not as unfairly crowding out private insurers, but rather freeing people and providers from the claws of insurers who manipulate the system to maximize profits rather
American Healthcare IssuesTierra Fussman-Henry.docxdaniahendric
American Healthcare Issues
Tierra Fussman-Henry
American Military University
American Healthcare Issues
Lack of Insurance is depriving citizens with their Healthcare Rights
The American healthcare system has been the talk for quite some time ever since the recession took place. Healthcare is something that should not be dependent upon the economy of the country because getting sick or unwell is not in anyone's hand. Every human whether rich or poor is bound to get sick and then, healthcare facilities should be there to treat them equally. Healthcare facilities should be equal for everyone but unfortunately, this is not happening in the system of American healthcare.
Some glaring issues need to solve on an urgent basis in the American healthcare system but the one which is being pointed out more than others is affordable insurance. Due to the expensive cost nature of health insurance, millions of people tend to avoid it. and in return, they deprived themselves of the healthcare that is rightfully theirs. “The cost of health insurance and health care is rising at a pace faster than wages and inflation.” (unknown, 2020). Due to the increasing rate of insurance, the system of healthcare is dying slowly and it is high time for the authorities to look into this matter.
For the matters sake, two simple solutions are designed to overcome the expensive insurance policies.
Solution
no.01 would be that the system of healthcare and health insurance must be handled by the state because it is their responsibility that they should provide affordable healthcare and affordable is not in the card then, insurance must be there. It falls within the responsibilities of state, federal and local governments to think over it and launch innovative programs. “An important reason is the US system of private health insurance. As discussed earlier, other Western nations have national systems of health care and health insurance.” (unknown, n.d.).
Without the state's support and consideration, the cost of healthcare is reaching the sky and whenever someone has tried to work over it, the system has been harsh to them. Every new government says that they will be working on the healthcare system and making it more affordable and within everyone's reach but nothing has ever happened. In an interview, PwC was recorded saying that states are developing different strategical plans to counteract the healthcare situations. "States will be taking more direct action to secure their insurance markets in 2019, even as the methods for doing so become more variate, creating challenges for regulatory compliance," PwC said.” (Siwicki, 2019). But it has been proved through time again and again that leaders don’t come with new schemes or if they do come up, then they are not as supportive as they ought to be.
Another solution would be the development of such a system where either healthcare cost is affordable or insurances are affordable. Like the plan that ex-President Obama l ...
American Healthcare IssuesTierra Fussman-Henry.docxgreg1eden90113
This document summarizes an essay discussing whether Abraham Lincoln deserves to be called "The Great Emancipator" and if he truly believed that "all men are created equal." It presents evidence from eight historical documents related to Lincoln and emancipation. The documents include writings by Lincoln expressing conflicting views on slavery and racial equality. They also include the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery. The essay examines these documents to assess Lincoln's beliefs and whether his actions merit the title of emancipator.
The document discusses how the New Public Management (NPM) approach influenced the passage and implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the United States. Key aspects of NPM like focusing on customers, marketization, and efficiency provided guidelines for the Obama administration. Through extensive negotiation and compromise, President Obama was able to pass the ACA in 2010 to address the rising costs of healthcare. While implementation faced some challenges, the ACA succeeded in significantly reducing the number of uninsured Americans. However, unequal access to coverage remains an issue and political opposition continues.
Conolidine Health Care Reform – Why Are People So Worked Up?
For what reason are Americans so upset over medical services change? Proclamations, for example, “don’t contact my Medicare” or “everybody ought to approach best in class medical services independent of cost” are as I would see it clueless and instinctive reactions that show a helpless comprehension of our medical care framework’s set of experiences, its current and future assets and the subsidizing difficulties that America faces going ahead. While we as a whole can’t help thinking about how the medical services framework has arrived at what some allude to as an emergency stage. We should attempt to remove a portion of the feeling from the discussion by momentarily looking at how medical services in this nation arose and how that has framed our reasoning and culture about medical services. With that as an establishment we should check out the upsides and downsides of the Obama organization medical care change proposition
The document discusses the history of health care reform debates in the United States. It provides background on past reform efforts and outlines some of the key provisions and goals of the Affordable Care Act signed into law in 2010, including expanding access to health insurance coverage and aiming to reduce overall health care costs. The document also notes that health care reform remains a vital political issue and that significant obstacles have prevented major changes since 1965.
The document discusses health care reform in the United States and Canada. It explains that the development of health insurance in the two countries started to diverge, with Canada adopting a universal health care system while the US maintained a private system. The US has struggled to pass significant reform due to political obstacles, while Canada implemented a system of public administration and universal access. The document analyzes the different societal and political factors that influenced the diverging paths each country took with health care reform and policy.
Lec. 16 informe lalonde completo en inglésLESGabriela
This document discusses the traditional view of the health field, which focuses primarily on treating illness through medical care and public health initiatives. It outlines some limitations of this view, noting that historical analyses show environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors have significantly influenced population health. An examination of current mortality rates in Canada finds that early deaths (before age 70) are most reflective of health status, and that among these, factors like socioeconomic status, health education, attitudes, and access to care influence infant mortality, while human behaviors like accidents and suicide are the primary causes of death for those aged 5-35. The document suggests environmental influences and self-imposed risks through behaviors are major determinants of health that have been overlooked.
The document explores implementing mandatory advance health care directives for Medicare beneficiaries as a strategy to reduce astronomical end-of-life medical costs. It notes that without changes, Medicare spending could grow to over 1/3 of GDP by 2030 as baby boomers age. Advance directives allow people to outline their end-of-life wishes in case they become incapacitated. The document argues this could help control costs by limiting unnecessary or unwanted intensive end-of-life treatments for the 5% of Medicare beneficiaries who account for 30-35% of total spending in their final year. It also examines the political and economic implications of making advance directives mandatory for all Medicare recipients.
The document discusses the impending long-term care crisis in the US as the population ages. By 2030, 70 million US citizens will be over 65 and 5.2 million will be over 85 with disabilities requiring long-term care. However, most will not be able to afford the high costs of care. The goals are to raise awareness of long-term care options like insurance plans. Additionally, the healthcare workforce will be unable to support the increase in those needing long-term care services. Solutions proposed include educating individuals to plan ahead financially and consider expanding Medicare coverage.
Clinician’s Research Digest, An APA Journal – Supplemental Bulletin 39, “Improving Access to Behavioral Healthcare Services: The Georgia Crisis & Access Line,” part of a series on research-informed day-to-day clinical practice.
The document discusses single-payer healthcare systems and whether one could work in the U.S. It defines single-payer as a healthcare financing system with one source of money for providers. Examples given include Medicare and some country-wide systems. Pros listed are potential savings on administration costs and universal coverage. Cons discussed include the potential for government mispricing and significant changes required. Polls show most Americans favor reform but are split on solutions and tax increases. Overall the conclusion is that a single-payer system could increase access but faces strong political opposition and transition challenges.
Sociological research can impact government policy in several ways:
1. By providing understanding of society and social problems through factual research and theoretical explanations, which can indirectly lead to new policies, as with research on poverty that influenced the minimum wage.
2. By increasing awareness of cultural differences and discrimination, as with research on disability that galvanized legislation.
3. By assessing the effects of current policies and providing data-driven recommendations, as with research that informed the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
4. However, some argue that when sociology works directly with governments, it risks being "colonized" and its critical edge lost, while others see benefits from partnerships that match theory with action.
Healthcare History Timeline from Annenberg ClassroomHeather Zink
This timeline summarizes the major developments in the history of health care and health insurance in the United States from 1900 to 2010. It shows that organized medicine began taking shape in the early 1900s while the concept of health insurance was first promoted in 1912. The first modern health insurance plan was created in 1929 in Dallas, Texas. Major developments include the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, and various attempts at health care reform throughout the 20th century.
1) The document discusses the challenges faced by people with disabilities in Ontario, including high rates of poverty and unemployment.
2) It notes that a upcoming government report may propose merging disability support payments with welfare, which could substantially lower monthly incomes for those receiving disability support.
3) While the government aims to get more people with disabilities working to reduce dependence on social programs, the document argues this approach risks further exclusion and failure given barriers in the workplace. A broader shift in societal attitudes is needed instead.
The document discusses the differences between residual and institutional models of social welfare. Residual social work is reactive and deals with visible needs after other support systems have been depleted, while institutional social work takes a preventative approach and supports people's well-being through universally available services. Examples of residual social work include services for those in crisis, while institutional social work provides services like free education and healthcare available to all. The document contrasts the short-term, needs-based nature of residual systems with the population-wide, preventative institutional approach.
This document discusses the rights and facilities provided to senior citizens in India. It notes that the government and UN have declared those over 60 (males) and 55 (females) to be senior citizens who may face health, financial and family problems. The government has enacted laws and policies to protect their rights and interests, including provisions in the constitution. Various ministries provide concessions and facilities to senior citizens for transportation, healthcare, savings, and more. It is the duty of both the state and families to take care of senior citizens in their old age.
According to the document by Kelly Bennett, MD, the federal government defines homelessness as lacking a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. The majority of the homeless population are under age 40, with children under 18 making up 40% and the largest demographic groups being African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics. Poverty is a major cause of homelessness, with over 12.5% of the US population living in poverty and lacking sufficient funds for basic needs such as shelter, food and healthcare. Poverty levels are increasing due to rising unemployment, decreasing wages and reductions in public assistance.
The history of healthcare in the US shows rising costs over time and various attempts at reform. Early 1900s saw the rise of paid hospital care and surgery becoming common. The 1910s saw the beginnings of the health insurance movement despite opposition. In the 1930s, the Depression halted healthcare reforms despite Roosevelt's calls for reform. The 1940s saw the rise of employer provided health benefits and antibiotics. The 1960s saw Medicare and Medicaid passed under Johnson. Attempts at national healthcare failed under Nixon in the 1970s. By the 1990s, over 44 million Americans lacked health insurance, leading to the passage of Obamacare in 2010 in an effort to address rising costs and the uninsured.
The document discusses issues around "crowding out" private health insurers by expanding government-run health programs. It makes three key points:
1) When programs like Medicare were created, they replaced some existing private insurance coverage for the elderly without harming quality of care, as seen by how satisfied Medicare beneficiaries are.
2) Private health insurers sometimes prioritize profits over patient care, as seen in an example where an insurer threatened large premium hikes to avoid paying a hospital more for services.
3) Expanding public coverage could be seen not as unfairly crowding out private insurers, but rather freeing people and providers from the claws of insurers who manipulate the system to maximize profits rather
American Healthcare IssuesTierra Fussman-Henry.docxdaniahendric
American Healthcare Issues
Tierra Fussman-Henry
American Military University
American Healthcare Issues
Lack of Insurance is depriving citizens with their Healthcare Rights
The American healthcare system has been the talk for quite some time ever since the recession took place. Healthcare is something that should not be dependent upon the economy of the country because getting sick or unwell is not in anyone's hand. Every human whether rich or poor is bound to get sick and then, healthcare facilities should be there to treat them equally. Healthcare facilities should be equal for everyone but unfortunately, this is not happening in the system of American healthcare.
Some glaring issues need to solve on an urgent basis in the American healthcare system but the one which is being pointed out more than others is affordable insurance. Due to the expensive cost nature of health insurance, millions of people tend to avoid it. and in return, they deprived themselves of the healthcare that is rightfully theirs. “The cost of health insurance and health care is rising at a pace faster than wages and inflation.” (unknown, 2020). Due to the increasing rate of insurance, the system of healthcare is dying slowly and it is high time for the authorities to look into this matter.
For the matters sake, two simple solutions are designed to overcome the expensive insurance policies.
Solution
no.01 would be that the system of healthcare and health insurance must be handled by the state because it is their responsibility that they should provide affordable healthcare and affordable is not in the card then, insurance must be there. It falls within the responsibilities of state, federal and local governments to think over it and launch innovative programs. “An important reason is the US system of private health insurance. As discussed earlier, other Western nations have national systems of health care and health insurance.” (unknown, n.d.).
Without the state's support and consideration, the cost of healthcare is reaching the sky and whenever someone has tried to work over it, the system has been harsh to them. Every new government says that they will be working on the healthcare system and making it more affordable and within everyone's reach but nothing has ever happened. In an interview, PwC was recorded saying that states are developing different strategical plans to counteract the healthcare situations. "States will be taking more direct action to secure their insurance markets in 2019, even as the methods for doing so become more variate, creating challenges for regulatory compliance," PwC said.” (Siwicki, 2019). But it has been proved through time again and again that leaders don’t come with new schemes or if they do come up, then they are not as supportive as they ought to be.
Another solution would be the development of such a system where either healthcare cost is affordable or insurances are affordable. Like the plan that ex-President Obama l ...
American Healthcare IssuesTierra Fussman-Henry.docxgreg1eden90113
This document summarizes an essay discussing whether Abraham Lincoln deserves to be called "The Great Emancipator" and if he truly believed that "all men are created equal." It presents evidence from eight historical documents related to Lincoln and emancipation. The documents include writings by Lincoln expressing conflicting views on slavery and racial equality. They also include the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery. The essay examines these documents to assess Lincoln's beliefs and whether his actions merit the title of emancipator.
The document discusses how the New Public Management (NPM) approach influenced the passage and implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the United States. Key aspects of NPM like focusing on customers, marketization, and efficiency provided guidelines for the Obama administration. Through extensive negotiation and compromise, President Obama was able to pass the ACA in 2010 to address the rising costs of healthcare. While implementation faced some challenges, the ACA succeeded in significantly reducing the number of uninsured Americans. However, unequal access to coverage remains an issue and political opposition continues.
Conolidine Health Care Reform – Why Are People So Worked Up?
For what reason are Americans so upset over medical services change? Proclamations, for example, “don’t contact my Medicare” or “everybody ought to approach best in class medical services independent of cost” are as I would see it clueless and instinctive reactions that show a helpless comprehension of our medical care framework’s set of experiences, its current and future assets and the subsidizing difficulties that America faces going ahead. While we as a whole can’t help thinking about how the medical services framework has arrived at what some allude to as an emergency stage. We should attempt to remove a portion of the feeling from the discussion by momentarily looking at how medical services in this nation arose and how that has framed our reasoning and culture about medical services. With that as an establishment we should check out the upsides and downsides of the Obama organization medical care change proposition
The document discusses the history of health care reform debates in the United States. It provides background on past reform efforts and outlines some of the key provisions and goals of the Affordable Care Act signed into law in 2010, including expanding access to health insurance coverage and aiming to reduce overall health care costs. The document also notes that health care reform remains a vital political issue and that significant obstacles have prevented major changes since 1965.
The document discusses health care reform in the United States and Canada. It explains that the development of health insurance in the two countries started to diverge, with Canada adopting a universal health care system while the US maintained a private system. The US has struggled to pass significant reform due to political obstacles, while Canada implemented a system of public administration and universal access. The document analyzes the different societal and political factors that influenced the diverging paths each country took with health care reform and policy.
Lec. 16 informe lalonde completo en inglésLESGabriela
This document discusses the traditional view of the health field, which focuses primarily on treating illness through medical care and public health initiatives. It outlines some limitations of this view, noting that historical analyses show environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors have significantly influenced population health. An examination of current mortality rates in Canada finds that early deaths (before age 70) are most reflective of health status, and that among these, factors like socioeconomic status, health education, attitudes, and access to care influence infant mortality, while human behaviors like accidents and suicide are the primary causes of death for those aged 5-35. The document suggests environmental influences and self-imposed risks through behaviors are major determinants of health that have been overlooked.
The document explores implementing mandatory advance health care directives for Medicare beneficiaries as a strategy to reduce astronomical end-of-life medical costs. It notes that without changes, Medicare spending could grow to over 1/3 of GDP by 2030 as baby boomers age. Advance directives allow people to outline their end-of-life wishes in case they become incapacitated. The document argues this could help control costs by limiting unnecessary or unwanted intensive end-of-life treatments for the 5% of Medicare beneficiaries who account for 30-35% of total spending in their final year. It also examines the political and economic implications of making advance directives mandatory for all Medicare recipients.
The document discusses the impending long-term care crisis in the US as the population ages. By 2030, 70 million US citizens will be over 65 and 5.2 million will be over 85 with disabilities requiring long-term care. However, most will not be able to afford the high costs of care. The goals are to raise awareness of long-term care options like insurance plans. Additionally, the healthcare workforce will be unable to support the increase in those needing long-term care services. Solutions proposed include educating individuals to plan ahead financially and consider expanding Medicare coverage.
1. Re-thinking universal healthcare
C
anadians, when asked, say they define the
country’s national character primarily
through the social programs offered
through its government, such as universal
7 Canadians, when asked, say
healthcare.
the greatest of their countrymen was the late T.C. Douglas,
the acclaimed proponent of universal healthcare.
It seems many of our citizens have firm and fixed views
on the subject of Medicare, which makes it more than a bit
challenging to engage in an open-minded discussion of the
sustainability of this concept in the 21st century.
Nonetheless, it is our responsibility to report the news that
“We Got Health Coverage” is not much of a basis for a nation-
al identity, or, for that matter, even the identity of a storefront
insurance office. Medicare, a nice idea, does not a great nation
make. Tommy Douglas, a nice man*, was no Simon Bolivar.
Whichever mush-headed jackass it was who told you that uni-
versal healthcare was a sacrosanct subject that no patriot
should ever scrutinize—well, that fellow was mistaken.
* Nice as all get out, even if he did argue heartlessly in his sociology MA
thesis from McMaster University for the “sterilization of the mentally
and physically defective.” Well, the defectives would have been pleased
that at least their operations would have been covered by Medicare.
2. HEALTHCARE BABYLON
22
That fellow may have been Roy Romanow, the head of the
Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada. Three
years ago, Romanow and his researchers studied our broken
and dysfunctional national health system, and concluded that
throwing another $15 billion toward the problem would solve
everything by 2006.
It was a quaint idea then, when the phrase “wait-time cri-
sis” was just beginning to find its way into everyday dis-
course. Now that 2006 has arrived, and medical case-loads
have backed up ever further, and communities have seen
their access to care further reduced, and costs have become
even more unmanageable, Romanow’s earnest suggestions
seem the product of a disengaged mind.
But former Prime Minister Paul Martin, during his brief
reign, found it politically expedient to parrot the lingo of the
Romanow Report. Opening the 37th Parliament, he said his
government accepted “one fundamental tenet: that every
Canadian have timely access to quality care, regardless of
income or geography—access when they need it.”
Prime Minister Martin, of course, could not deliver on this
absurd promise. He may take some comfort, during the com-
ing years of his forced retirement, in admitting that no one
can. Access to care, like any other specialized service or high-
priced commodity, is not infinitely expandable and must be
rationed. The challenge is to provide distribution in a manner
that is democratic, compassionate, fiscally responsible and
humane. It is unconscionable that politicians would proclaim
that every citizen in every community would have equal
opportunity to benefit from every available medical proce-
dure under every circumstance. To encourage such expecta-
tion is to mislead citizens who may be in desperate need.
3. The Permanent Healthcare Crisis 23
It is a disgraceful thing to do for political purposes: to
maintain that, yes, you have health coverage, but, no, you’ll
have to wait a year for your diagnostic procedure. Or, no, we
won’t be paying for the therapy for your mother’s catastroph-
ic illness. Or, sorry, but your wife will have to travel to
Michigan for her breast cancer treatment. Or, yes, you are
entitled to the finest care available, but, no, you may not be
able to find a family doctor who will accept you as a patient.
There is now a new federal government in Canada. It
needs to tackle the rising challenge of providing an acceptable
level of healthcare for Canadians. The new government, like
its predecessor, will not be able to provide timely organ trans-
plants for every citizen in need, nor can it offer residents of
remote areas ready access to the most sophisticated technolo-
gy, nor can it likely afford to fund, in every instance where it
may be beneficial, new therapeutic regimens which cost
$40,000 annually.
We wish it were otherwise. It isn’t, and the time has
arrived when our leaders must finally level with us.
Tony Clement, the incoming Health Minister, has an
opportunity to quickly address this issue.
He will need to assemble a reform-minded coalition of his
provincial colleagues, physician and patient groups, third-
party payers, the pharma industry, and lay opinion leaders.
He will need to assess potentially contentious concepts such
as amending the Canada Health Act to allow the existence of
for-profit clinics, but imposing a significant tax on such pri-
vate-sector initiatives, to be used directly for the expansion of
public care. Out of necessity, he may need to follow the
Oregon model of restricting universal access to an arbitrary
list of 300 or fewer conditions. He may wish to consider the
4. HEALTHCARE BABYLON
24
reassignment of certain functions traditionally carried out by
Health Canada, potentially to a hypothetical North American
Medicines Evaluation Agency, modelled after that established
by the European Union.
In short, he will need to be much more resourceful and
less restricted by ideology than his predecessors, if universal
healthcare is to survive in any form. It now seems obvious
that Medicare’s increasing inability to honor its commitments
will soon pose as much a threat to peace, order and stable
governance as did the Great Depression of the 1930s. As part
of his unenviable job, Minister Clement will be required to
first acknowledge and then begin the process of coming to
terms with this reality.*
February 2006
* He hasn’t.