Node.js and AngularJS serve different purposes in web development; Node.js is a runtime for building fast, scalable network applications, while AngularJS is a framework for creating dynamic client-side applications. AngularJS does not require installation, allowing easy embedding of its files, whereas Node.js requires a runtime environment to execute JavaScript code. Both technologies are used to create highly responsive applications, with AngularJS being ideal for single-page applications and Node.js suited for server-side applications that need to handle large data and high I/O performance.