The document provides an overview of telecommunication and its evolution, specifically focusing on the advancements from 1G to 5G mobile communication systems. It discusses the basic elements of telecommunication, various transmission modes, and key features and challenges associated with each mobile generation. Additionally, it includes literature surveys from studies emphasizing the growing demand and transformation in mobile communication technologies.

1. 5G INSTALLATION
By: Akshi Bangotra
Rollno._141/19
Under the guidance of
Prof. Anil Gupta

2. Contents
 Introduction to telecommunication
 Basic elements of telecommunication
 Transmission modes
 Evolution of mobile communication
- First Generation mobile system(1G)
- Second Generation mobile system (2G)
- Third Generation mobile system (3G)
- Fourth Generation mobile system (4G)
- Fifth Generation mobile system (5G)
 Difference between 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G

3. Contd.
 Literature Survey
 Inference drawn

4. What is telecommunication?
 Telecommunication is the transmission of information
over a distance via electronic signals
 Revolutionized the way we communicate
 Allowing us to stay in touch with friends and family
 Access information
 Conduct business from anywhere in the world
 Most common types of telecommunications:-
- Telephone
- Radio
- Internet
- Satellite communication

5. Basic elements of
telecommunication
Sender Message Medium Receiver
The sender, also
known as the
source or
transmitter,
initiates the
message to be
transmitted. This
can be a person,
computer, or any
other device that
generates the
information.
The message is
the information
or data is to be
communicated.
It can take
various forms
such as voice
signals, text,
images, or
videos.
The medium
refers to the
physical or
virtual channel
through which
the message is
transmitted. It
can be wired or
wireless system
such as optical
fibres, copper
wires, radio
waves.
The receiver,
also known as
the destination,
is the device or
individual that
receives the
transmitted
message. It
decodes the
received signal
to retrieve the
original
message.

6. Transmission Modes
 When a data is transmitted from one device to another
device is known as transmission mode
 Also known as communication mode
 Three types of transmission modes are:
Transmission modes
Half-duplex mode Full-duplex mode
Simplex mode

7. Contd.
 Simplex mode:
- Unidirectional communication
- Only one device can send information and another
receives
- Example: keyboard and traditional monitors
 Half-duplex mode:
- Bidirectional communication
- Each station can both transmit and receive but not at
the same time
- Example: Walkie-talkie

8. Contd.
 Full-duplex mode:
- Bidirectional communication
- Used when communication in both directions is
required all the time
- Example: Telephone Network

9. Evolution of mobile
communication
 Mobile wireless communication system has gone
through several evolution stages in the past few decades
 Due to huge demand for more connections worldwide,
mobile communication standards advanced rapidly to
support more users

10. First Generation mobile system(1G)
 The first generation of mobile network was
deployed in Japan by Nippon Telephone and
Telegraph company (NTT) in Tokyo during 1979
 In the beginning of 1980s, it gained popularity in
the US, Finland, UK and Europe
 System used analogue signals
 It uses Push to Talk (PTT), Improved mobile telephone
service (IMTS)

11. Contd.
 Features:
- Bandwidth: 10 MHz (666 duplex channels with
bandwidth of 30 KHz)
- Technology: Analogue switching
- Modulation: Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Mode of service: voice only
- Access technique: Frequency Division Multiple
Access (FDMA)

12. Contd.
 Disadvantages of 1G system :
- Poor voice quality due to interference
- Poor battery life
- Large sized mobile phones (not convenient to carry)
- Less security (calls could be decoded using an FM
demodulator)
- Limited number of users and cell coverage
- Roaming was not possible between similar systems

13. Second Generation mobile system(2G)
 2G refers as the second generation which is based on
GSM.
 In 1991, 2G was first launched in Finland.
 Digital modulation signal was used in 2G.
 Speed is 14 kbps to 64 kbps.
 Technologies in 2G were Code Division Multiple
Access(CDMA),GSM,TDMA,GPRS.

14. Contd.
 Features :
- It includes Digital text messages , Picture messages.
- Better quality and capacity and consumes less battery
power.
- Voice clarity, reduces noise in the line.
- Gives security and safety to the data and voice calls.

15. Contd.
 GSM Architecture

16. Contd.
GSM Architecture Consists of Four major interconnected
subsystems:
 Base station Subsystem(BSS), two types:
- Base Transceiver station &
- Base station Controller
 Network and Switching Subsystem(NSS), three different
Data Bases these are:-
- Home Location Register(HLR)
- Visitor Location Register (VLR)
- Authentication centre (AUC)
 Mobile Station
 Operation support subsystem

17. Third Generation mobile system(3G)
 Also known as UMTS – Universal Mobile
Telecommunication Systems.
 UMTS has the data rate of 384kbps
 It support Video calling for the first time on mobile
devices
 After the introduction of 3G mobile communication
system, smart phones became popular across the globe
 Specific applications were developed for smart phones
which handles multimedia chat, email, video calling,
games, social media and healthcare

18. Contd.
 Key features of 3G system
- Higher data rate
- Video calling
- Mobile app support
- Multimedia message support
- Location Tracking and Maps
- Better web browsing

19. Contd.
 Disadvantages of 3G systems
- Expensive spectrum licenses
- Costly infrastructure, equipment and implementation.
- Higher bandwidth requirements to support higher
data rate

20. Fourth Generation mobile system(4G)

21. Difference between 1G, 2G, 3G,
4G, 5G
Generation` Year Speed Technology
1G 1970-1980s 2 Kbps AMPS, TACS
2G 1990-2004 14.4-64 Kbps TDMA,
CDMA, GPRS
3G 2004-2010 2 Mbps CDMA
4G 2010-
onwards
200 Mbps to
1 Gbps for
low mobility
WiMAX, LTE
and Wi-Fi
5G 2018-
onwards
1 Gbps and
higher
LTE advanced

22. Contd.
Generation Frequency Bandwidth Use case
1G 30 KHz 2 kbps Analog system, Dropped
calls, Giant cell phones
2G 1.8 GHz 364 kbps Texting (SMS), MMS,
Conference calls, Long
distance call tracking
3G 1.6-2 GHz 3 Mbps Cheap data transmission,
GPS Web browsing, SD
Video streaming
4G 2-8 GHz 100 Mbps HD video streaming, High
speed applications
5G 3-30 GHz 10 Gbps Internet of things, Cloud
storage, Remote surgical
robots

23. Literature Survey
 Jyotsna Agrawal, “Evolution of mobile communication”,
International Journal of multidisciplinary and current
Research, 02 Nov 2015
 In this paper, author discussed about the demand of
mobile and internet which is increasing day by day, they
are becoming the preferred means of personal and
professional communication
 The communication has shown a great transformation
over generations, communication has moved from a
simple voice communication system to an IP based
system

24. Contd.
 Dr. Kiran B Malagi, “A Study on Mobile Networks and
Their Generations’’, International Journal of Advanced
Research in Science, Communication and Technology
(IJARSCT) Volume 11, Issue 1, November 2021
 The main purpose of this paper is to provide detailed
research on the cell phone manufacturing technologies
in wireless communication, this paper focuses on mobile
generations from 1G to 5G and future mobile phones
 Advanced wireless technology has provided to be very
useful in the field of communication in developing it

25. Contd.
