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īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ¨ī€Ąī€Ēī§īžī‚Ŧīœ ī€ąī˜
īƒ‡ī‚— ī€˛ī˜
īšīŗīƒ˛ī€ž ī€ŗī˜
1
īĄī€ī§īžī‚ˇīšīƒģī˜ī‚ģīƒˇī€ˇī§īīŠīšī‚Šīƒ˛īƒ†īšīąī€­ī‚ī§īģīƒĸīšī‚Šīģīƒ
ī­īƒŦī˜ī´ī‘īšīƒŸīƒī–īžīƒī‚īī–īƒ¤ī‚‚īŠīšīēī§ī€Ŧīƒ…ī‚Šī€ģīƒ‡ī–īž
ī€§ī€Ŧī‚¤ī€ļī‚ģī‚ĨīŖīˆīšīēī§ī‘ī„īƒ†ī‚ƒī§īƒŦīƒ”ī‚Œī–īīƒ¤īēīšīƒŸī–īžīšīƒ’īĨī€¤ī‚ģ
ī€ŧīƒƒī‚ąīŠīƒ¯ī…īŒīƒ§īŦīƒĨī˜ī‚Žīšīšīšīƒ…īƒƒīŦīšīƒī‚Šīšīī€ŦīģīžīŠī‚™ī§īģī‰īƒ”
īšī€Ĩī‚ŧīƒŸīƒī–īƒīšī‚Šī€Ąīƒ”ī¤īƒ”ī‚Šī‚´īšīēī§ī€¨īƒīšīšīƒĸī–īžī‚Šī¸ī€Šīƒąīšīēī§īšīļ
ī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤īšī€ˇī€Šī‚Šīƒ ī†ī€Ŧī‚šī‚Ģī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒ°ī˜
īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€ĒīĄī‚™ī€Ēī‚Ŧīƒžī§īƒĩīšīļī­ī‚ŽīīŠīšī‚Šīžīšīƒī‚Ŧīšīƒī‚´ī‚‘
īžī‚¨īƒĻī§īĢīšī‹īŊī€Žīƒĸīīĩīšī‚ī¸ī‚Šīƒ¯ī§īƒŦīƒ”īšīēī§īšī€Ŗī‚Œī–ī€Ŋī°
īƒ‘īƒąīƒ‚ī‘ī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚Šī‚´ī‚Ŋīšīēī§ī‘ī§ī‚ŠīēīŠī€Ąī€Ēīšīƒ…ī„ī€Ģī§īƒļīžī‚Šī°īƒ īšīēī§ī‘īšīƒ…
īšī‚’īšīƒ°īƒƒī€ī–īƒī€§ī€Ŧī‚¤ī€ļīƒ†īšī‚´ī‚¸ī–īžī‚“ī€Ĩīēī–īƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤
ī€ģīąīƒīˆī˜īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīƒēī‚Šīšī‚Ŗīƒˇī€ˇī§īžī§īƒĩīšīļī­īƒ¤ī‚Œī–īƒ‚ī‚Šīēī€ŧīŒīƒ…
īšī€Ģīƒ“ī§īēīƒ—īƒ…ī‚žīī ī€§ī€Ŧī‚¤ī€ļīƒ†īšīƒ īēī–īžīƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīƒ…īƒƒī€ī–īƒ†
ī¸īšīī‚Šīī™īī¨ī‚īƒ”īšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī¤īšīšīšīžīƒĸī¸ī€ŠīŒīŒīƒœīšī‚šī‚žīƒŗīƒŗīƒ…
īšī‚Šīšī§īīĨīƒ ī‚Žī€§ī€Ŧī‚¤ī€ļīƒī‚īƒĄīƒšī‚ƒīƒ¤īēīšīƒ‘īēīšīĩī‚Šī‚´īƒīƒŦī‚ŽīƒŽīŗī‚˛ī‚ž
īƒī€°ī€Ēīƒˆīžīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‘īƒˆī…ī¸īƒ…īœīĢīĩī§ī€ģīƒŦī˜ī‚ŧīƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤ī€¨ī‚„ī€Ļ
īžī‚Šī¸ī€Šīƒąīƒ‚īēī€ģī–īšīŒī‚Žīƒīƒ™ī‚Šī€ŗīƒąīšīēī§ī‚ŧīƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤ī‚ˆī§īīžī‚Šī¸
ī§ī€ŗīƒ‚īšīƒīƒŸī€ģīƒĢīšīŖī€Ēīšīšī‚„ī‚†īīžīšīąī€­ī€Ēī€Ēī¸īšīƒģīƒˇī€ˇī§ī‚ģīƒŒīƒŦīƒ”īī–
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īƒ¤īšī‚Šī€ĄīšīšīšīžīšīŖīƒ†īĩīšī‚ī¸ī‚Šīƒ˜īšīšīƒ…ī†īƒ„īžīƒšī‚´ī‚ž
ī ī‚īƒ”ī‚īƒĄī‚˛īžīƒ…īšīšī€°īŗīžīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī”īīŠīƒĸīƒ°īƒ…ī˜īšī‚Šī€ĄīĻīēī´
īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‚Šī‚´īŸī‚ˇī‚ģīģī‚™īšīƒˆī¸ī‚™ī„ī‚īšīēī§īēī‚ģī‚¯ī‚ģīšī‹ī‚Ĩīƒĸīīƒƒīƒ‹
ī°īŗīŖī€Ēīƒ‘īƒ†ī€Ĩī‚­ī‚™ī„ī§ī”ī‚ī˜īšīŒīšī‚°ī§īēīƒƒīŖī€Ēīīšīēī§īąīƒ
īŸī‚ˇīƒƒī‚Ŧī¸ī‚™ī„ī‚ƒīƒąīƒąīƒŸīŗīƒƒīšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧīēīšīģī€ˇī‚ƒīƒī‚žī‚‡ī§ī
ī™īˇī€§ī€Ŧī‚‚īŽīƒīŖī€ĒīƒŸī‚„īƒīƒ”ī€Ļī‘ī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚Šī§ī‚„ī€Ļī‚Œīēīģī‚–īƒ”īšīš
īƒ…īƒ‹ī€Ąī€ĒīīŖī€Ēī§īšīƒąīƒīšī€Ĩīŗīˆī™ī™īƒŦī°īšīšī‚ģīŸī€Žī€¯īƒ”īšīēī§
īšī€ˇī°ī‚ŠīƒŒīšī‹ī§īšīƒąī€ļī€Ŧīšīƒœīšī§ī€ˇīƒ”ī‚Šī€ŋīƒ…ī‚¸īīƒī€ēī‚žī°īŗīŖī€Ēīƒ‘īƒ“īƒ
īšī‹ī§īšīƒąī€¤ī€Ģī€Ĩīžī‚Ŧī§ī€ˇī‚īƒ”ī‚Šī€Ģīƒ†ī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī€ļī€Ŧī™ī§īžī€Šī‚Šī‚´īĩī‚¤ī€¯īƒąī–ī‚ģ
īĻī‚™ī‚™ī„ī‚ƒīƒąīšīēī§ī‚Šī€Ģī‚ģīī‚Šīģīšīēī¨īŧī‚™ī‚Šī€ĒīŒī§īƒ¤īēīšīƒŸī–īƒ†īƒœīŗīšīš
īƒ†ī‚¯īƒ…ī€Ąīžī‚Šī§īšīƒī‘īšīƒ†ī€ģīƒ…īīēīšīŠīƒŦī˜īšīļī‚Ŧīœī¨ī‹īšīēī§īƒ’īš
ī‚™īƒ¤īƒ…ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒƒīƒ‚ī€Ŋī‚Ģī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒąīšīēī§ī‚…īƒœīšī‚šī‚žī€ļī€Ŧīƒ‡ī€§īƒ—īšī§īƒ‡ī˜
ī‚†īšīī‚Šīžīšī‚īž
ī€§ī€Ŧīƒ‘īƒ”ī€§ī€Ŧī‚¤ī€ļ
ī™īƒĸ2012 ī‚īšīž 10
3
ī°īšīļīšī‚°īƒīšī‚°ī‚°
īƒīƒ™ī‚Ŗīēīēī™īƒˇīŊīšīļīƒ†īŽī”īƒ¤ī´ī‚Œī–ī‚¯īŖī€Ēī€ĸīƒ‘ī§ī‚Šī§īēī‚Šīē
īŗī¸īƒ‘ī€°ī€Ēīĩīŧīī‚ˇī‚Ŋīžī–ī€ļī€Ŧīī–īƒ¤ī‚Šī€Ēīžīƒ‚ī‚Šī‚ģī€ąīƒ‘ī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‘īˆī˜
īšīƒĸī‚ˆī€ĄīšīŊīšīļīžī™īŊī‚ƒī–ī‚žīžīšīąī€­ī‚šī‚„īĢīˆīģīƒ‡ī§īšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ƒī–īšīēī§
ī‚šī‚„īƒī„ī‚ƒī–ī‚īƒĄīšī€Ģīƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ†īƒąīƒ§īąīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī€ˇī§īžī‚§īĸīšī‚ģīŗī€ēī‚™
īĒī–īƒˇīžīšīŠīƒŦī‚žīƒˇīžīƒƒī€ī€Ēī‚„ī–ī‚Šī§ī‚Ļī€¯ī§ī‚™ī‚Šīĸī‚Žīšī¨ī€Ąī€Ēīī‚ƒīšīĢī‚ģīšī ī€Ĩ
ī€ŊīƒˇīŊīƒĸī–ī€Ąī€Ēīœīēīšī‰īēīƒˆīˇīƒƒī‚Šīĸī˜īƒˇīŊīšīļīžī‚šīĢīˆīģīƒ‡ī§ī‚ƒī–
īƒˇīŊī€Ēī€Ēī€Šīšīąīˇīžī‚ŧīƒŒī€ˇīšīĢīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēīēī‚Žī‚Šīžī‚žīžī§īƒ˜īƒīŒ
īƒĸī€­īĢī€ˇī‚ƒīšī˜īŖī€ĒīšīļīƒˇīžīŠī€°ī€Ģīƒīžī‚Žī˛ī”ī€¤īī„ī‚īēīģīƒˇīŊīšīŒ
īšīąīˇīƒ…īēīēīƒīī„ī‚īšīēī§īžī‘īšī€ŋīšīĢīŽīƒąī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ƒī–ī‚žīƒˇīšīšīļīšīąī€­
ī‚Šīšī€Ŋī‚ĸīēī§īšīĢī‚ģīšī ī€Ĩī‚ŠīŊīƒ‡ī˜īŖī€Ēīšīļīšī€ŖīŠī€­īƒˇīžīŠī€°ī€ĢīƒīƒŦī€Ŋīƒ‹ī‚ģ
īšī ī€ēī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēīšīēī§īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ…ī§īšīģī€ļī€Ŧī§ī‚´īƒ‘īĩīƒī€Ŋī‚™īēī§ī§ī‚´ī˜
ī‚‚īžīšīąī€­ī‚šīƒŖī‚”ī‚ļī‚žīšīąī€­īšīƒˇīī‚Šīƒ˛īƒ†īĢīšīƒ†ī‚‚ī´
īšīąī€­ī‚žī¤ī€¤ī‚ģīĢīšīƒĨī‚Žī‚Šīšī‚Ŋī‚œī€§īƒ—ī‚Šīēī§īžī‚™ī€ī€Ēīšīēī§īƒ§īžī‚”ī–ī‚ģīƒšī‚Ŋī€ī€Ē
ī‚īƒĄī¸īƒƒīšīŒīĢīšīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēīƒīƒ™īƒ–ī‚™ī€¨ī€ŦīŊīĒīšīƒīƒŸīƒī–īƒƒīšīŠī‚ģīƒąī–īƒ…
īƒƒī‚™ī€ī€Ēīšīƒˇīī‚Šīƒ˛īƒ…īƒ§īžī€šī‚žīƒ¸ī§īžī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨ī‚žī‚ģī¸īƒ…īšī€ŖīŠī€°ī€Ģīƒīž
īĒīšī€ˇīƒŽīƒ¤īƒ†īŽī‚…ī‚’īƒ…īƒī€ąī–ī€ŗīƒŖī€ˇī€Ŧīƒī‚īšīēī§ī‚Šīēīĩīžī™ī€Ģī€¤
4
īƒ¸ī§īšīƒī€ˇī€ŦīēīƒīƒŦī”ī‚ģīƒŸīļīšī‚īšī¸ī‚™ī„ī‚īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ…īŠī€°ī€ĢīƒīƒŒīĒīš
īƒī‚Ļī€¯ī§ī§ī‚„īƒŦīƒ¸ī§īžīšīĢī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨ī‚ģīˆīƒƒīšī€Ģīģī”īƒīƒ¸ī§īšīĒīšīšī€Ĩīšī›ī‚ƒ
ī§ī€ģīƒŦīēīģīšīƒˇīī‚Šīƒ˛īšī‹īƒ§īžīƒ…ī€Ąī€Ēī€§īƒšī€ˇī§ī€ģī‚ŠīēīĩīŊī‚ŠīšīšīĢīƒ¤ī‚žī¤ī€¤īī‚Šīƒ˛
īƒƒī€Ļīƒ•īƒ¤ī…īŽīŖī€Ēīšīēī§ī‚ŠīĢī„īƒ™īšī§ī§īēī‚ī‚ŠīŊī‚™ī‚šī‚žī™ī‚ƒīšīĢīƒīƒƒīƒ°ī‚ģī§īēī€Ąī€Ēī§ī‚™īēīšīēī§ī§īēī‚
īƒĄī‚™īšī īīŖī€Ēīšī€Ŗī§īšīī‚ƒīƒ°īƒ‚īēīģīĢīšīƒī€Ąī€Ēīƒīƒ™ī€ˇīīŖī€Ēī‚ŽīƒŒī‚Šī€Žī‚ŠīƒĒ
īēīģī‚Šī§īēīšīŠīģī‚„ī€ēīƒ…ī­ī§īšīī‚Ŋīĸīĩī€ģīƒ¤īƒ†īŽī§īƒ„ī‚™ī™ī‰īˆī§ī€ģī‚žīƒƒīƒ°īĄī§
īī‚™īĄī§īžī€ēī‚™īƒĄīšīƒī…ī€Ģī€Ļī€Ģī›īžī§īšīī­ī‚Žīƒ°īēīģīšīƒˇīī‚Šīƒ˛īƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīĢī‚Šīˆ
īšīēī§ī§ī‚ļīēīšī€ēī‚™īƒ†ī‚šī‚žīšī€Ģī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨ī‚žī‚ģī¸īƒ…ī”īƒīšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ģīĻī€ļīĒīšī‚„
ī™ī€ī€Ēī§īƒŦīƒˇīŊī‚‚ī‚īƒŒī‚ŧīšīƒī‚§īĸī‚ƒīšī‚žī†īšīƒˇī‚Šīēī‚„ī€ĻīƒĢī‚žī€ŋīƒĢīƒ
ī°īŦī‚‚ī‚ƒī‚Žīī§īšī¸īēīĒīšīƒī§ī”ī‚ƒīšīēī§ī€ŗī„īƒƒī—īƒŒīƒĢīƒīšī™ī‚ƒ
ī€ąī€Ŋī„ī€ˇīƒĨī‚žīšīšī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‚ī–īžī‚ŠīƒŒīƒ–īƒŦīƒ‚īžīƒ¤ī‰īƒ‘īēīąīˆ
ī‚žīƒˇīŊī€°ī€ĒīĢīšīƒšīƒąīšī‚ŠīƒŦī‚žīšīąī€­ī§ī‹īƒīšīŗīƒ˛īƒ‚ī›īƒ¨ī™ī€¤īƒ‹
īƒŦī˜ī‘īšī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī€Žī‚Šī‚Šī€˛ī–īƒ¤īƒˇīžī§īƒ‰īƒ°ī‚™īƒ¤īƒ†īīƒąīƒˇīŊīƒœīŗ
īƒĩīĻīī§īšīƒ°īƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚Šīžī”ī‚ģī€¤īŠīģīžīī īŠī€­īƒ›ī§ī€ģī‚ƒī–ī˜īƒ§īƒ‘īŊ
īžī€Ŋī€¤ī€Ģī€Ēī€Ēī¸īˆī‚ŠīˆīƒˇīŊī‚™ī‚Šīšī§īƒƒī€Ēīˆī‚Šīˆīšīēī§īƒˇīŊīƒœīŗī‚§īĸī‚§īĸīƒ…
īšī‚¯īšī‚ī‘ī¨īšīƒŖīƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚Šī€Ŧīšīƒī‚Šīēī§īšīšīžīƒ¤ī‚īƒĄī‚˛īžīƒŒī‚˜īƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚Šīž
ī”īƒīšī€ˇīšīēī§ī‚Šī‚ƒīƒ¤īƒŽīšīēī§īšī˛ī–īƒ¤īƒˇīžīŠī€°ī€Ģīƒīžī‚ģī‚°ī€´
ī€šīžī‚™ī‚Šī€Ŧī€ąīžīƒ¤īƒŒīĒī€Ŧī€ēī§ī¨īšīšīēī§ī‚Šīˇīƒī´īƒ‡īˆī‚žīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒˇīŊ
īšīļīƒƒīƒ ī§ī‚ƒīšīƒ‚īžī´īƒ‚ī›ī‚ĸīēī§ī‚ī–īƒ‡īī īšīļīƒ†īĄīƒī´īƒ‚ī›īīœ
5
īƒ†ī€ģī‚īžīƒŦīšīēī§īƒˇīŊī‚Šī€ˇī–ī‚ģīƒˇīŊīšīļīƒ¤īƒŦī‚ģīƒ‘īˆī˜īšīĢīƒ‚ī›īƒ…
ī‚ģī§īžīžīƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚†īšīī‚Šīžīšī‚īžī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒ¤īƒˇīžī‚šī§īƒ‰īƒ°īƒ…īƒŦīƒ
ī´īšīąī€­ī‚‚īˇī€´ī‚ģī§ī‚ƒīƒ°ī€ąīƒĢī‚ī€Ēī€Ēī–ī‚žīƒīƒ™ī‚ģī¸īžīšīļīƒ…īƒƒīƒ°ī€ēīƒƒīƒ°
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ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒī€¨ī€ŦīŊī‚ī‚¸īƒ°ī‚ˇīšīƒ…īšīšīƒ†ī‚ˆī‚ˇīšī„īˇī‘īžīšīēī§īƒ­īƒī§īŽī€Ē
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īšī‚¤ī€¯īšī‹īšī€Ĩīšīƒƒīīžī‚īƒĄīƒ¯ī‚™ī€Ēī€ĒīĨī”ī‚ƒīƒ‚īƒ¸ī§īŊī‚īšī€Ģīƒ†īƒœīŗīƒƒīƒ°ī‚¸īž
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īŗīƒƒī‚’īšī‚™īƒ‘īžī‚ģī‚‚ī‚ī€ˇī‚ŠīŊīī¨īƒˇīšī‚¸ī‚ī€¤ī€Ģī€Ĩīƒ†īŽī‚ģī‚°
īƒŸīļī‚žī‚Šīƒ¯ī‚īšīēī§ī‚Šīƒ¯ī§ī‚īƒī€ąī€ŊīšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧīēīšīģī€ˇīƒˇīš
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6
Last But Not Least
īƒˇīŊī€Ĩīšī‚Šīˆī¸ī‚ģī›ī‚‡ī§īžī‚†īšī€ŋī¸ī‚™ī˛ī€ŖīƒīƒŦī‚Žī‚ž
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īƒ…
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īēī‚‰īƒœī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ƒī–ī‚žīšīļī‚Ŧīœīšī€ˇīŗī€Ŗīƒ–ī§īƒ‡īšī€Ŧī€¨īƒŸīƒī–īƒ…
īƒ§īƒ‘īŊīƒƒī‚šī‚ĸīēī§īīƒŦī˜ī‚ģīŦīƒŒīƒŸīļīšīšīƒ…ī‚§īĸī‚ƒī–īƒ‚ī´ī‚™ī€Ēī˜
ī€ŋī‚ƒī€ąīƒĢī‚ī‚˜ī–ī™īˇīēī€ģī–ī‚ģī‚ŒīƒŒī‚ƒī„ī‚īƒ”īƒ‚ī‚Ēīƒīƒ™īƒŦī‚žīšī‚¤ī€¯
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ī‘īšīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžī‰ī‚žīī§īšīƒ°ī€ˇī‚™ī§ī€ģī™ī–ī‚žī´īšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚„īšīŠī‚
īƒˇīŊī€°ī€ĒīĢī‘īšīƒ…ī‚°ī°īƒ†īžīƒ° īŒīšī‚ŧī€ˇīšīēī§ī‚Šī‚ŦīƒŦīšīļīšī€ˇīƒĨī°īŦīēīšī€Ĩī¸
ī§īƒ‡ī˜īƒ¸ī§īŊīšī€ŗīƒŋī˜īŒīĩī€¨ī–īžīƒī‚ģī‚°īƒ‚ī€Ēī€Ēī¸īƒ†ī‚„īšī€ŗīƒŋī˜īŒīĩī§ī€¤ī‚ī€ą
īƒ°ī¨īŊīƒŸīļī‚‰īīŒīžī€Ŗīƒ†ī€§ī€Ŧīšī€§ī€Ŧī‚ī‚ŽīƒˇīžīĒī€Ŧīšī‚‚īƒ›īšīƒ°ī‚™ī„
ī§ī”ī‚īšīšīžī‚ģī›īąī™ī‚™ī¸īšīƒžī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī§īšī‚Šīī¸īƒ”ī‚ģī›īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ē
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īšī‹ī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‚ī–īƒīŖī€ĒīšīŒīƒĸī–īƒ†īĻī§ī€ŠīƒˇīžīĒī€Ŧī€¨īƒ‹ī‚™ī„īīƒąī‚ī˜
ī™ī–ī‚žīšī€ŖīŠī€­īīœīƒ…ī€Ŗī‚ŋī€ˇī‚ƒīƒīī€¤īŠī€­īšī‚¨ī‹īšīžī‚…ī§ī€ˇīī€ī€Ē
ī´ī‚Šīƒ”ī‚„ī‚ƒī„ī‚ī‚Žīšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ…ī€Ŧī‚’īšī§ī„ī‚ī´īĩī§ī€¤īƒŦī‚žīž
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7
īžī–īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīƒŦī‚žī€ē
īŒīŒī€¨ī€Ŧīšī€¤ī€Ģī‚‚īƒŦīēīģīšī‚¨ī‹īšī”īƒ†ī‚Šīƒ”ī€ˇī‚īƒŗīƒŗ
ī´ī€Ąī€ĒīīƒˇīŊī¸ī€īŊīƒ…īƒŦī‚žīžīēīģīšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒĨī‚žīšī‚¤ī€¯īšīąī€­ī‚Šīēī€Ąī€Ēī§
ī‚¯īšī€ļī€Ŧīƒƒīƒ°ī€ĨīƒĻī…īŽīžī€Ąī€Ēīīˆīƒ‚īžī‚¯īšī‚ģī‚ī€¤ī€Ģīˇī‚ŠīƒĒī˜īšī€ŖīƒˇīŊī‚Šīƒ”īŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī‚ƒ
ī‚‰īƒ‚ī‘īēīģī‚¯īšī‚™īƒ†ī€Ŋīƒ‡ī€ąī–ī‚Šīƒ¯ī§īƒŦī€ąīžīƒ¤ī‚¯īšī€ˇī€¤ī€Ģīƒ‘ī˜ī´
īšīąī€­ī‚…ī™īŒī–īˇīƒŦī‚žī‚Šīƒ”ī‚žī‚§īĸīšīąī€­īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ…ī€Ŧī‚…ī§ī„
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ī‚ˇīšīƒģīƒˇī€ˇī§īž
8
īŧīīšīƒąī‚ģī‚¸īˇīƒŦī‚ž
īŒīŒī¨ī€ļī€Ŧī‚Ŋīēīšīƒ‘īƒ‹ī§īģī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒŗīƒŗī‚¸ī‚ŧīƒˇīŊī‚‚ī‚ī‚ƒī§ī€ģīƒŦīƒŗīƒŗ
ī‚Šīƒ¯ī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īšīēī§īƒ īī€ēīƒˇīŊī‚Šīˇīƒ…īŠīƒŦ
īšī‹īƒ“ī¸ī€¯īƒ…īƒœīŗī´īƒ‚ī›ī€ˇī‚˜īƒŦ
9
īšīžīī›
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īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīƒēī‚Šīšī‚Ŗīƒˇī€ˇī§īžīƒ˛īƒ†ī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī‚Žī‚žīšīąī€­īšīŠī‚›īšīœī§īŊ
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ī‚Šī€Ģīƒ”ī€´ī€Ģī‚Šīēī‚„ī€Ļīƒ”īƒī§īƒšī—ī īžī‚Žī‚ŧīąī‚ƒī–ī´īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ…ī‚„īšīš
īƒŸīƒī–īƒ…ī–īšīēī§īƒˇīžī‚ģīēīŦī‚ģī‚ŗīƒŦīŊī€Žīšī‚™īŊīƒˇīžī‚§īĸīšīēī§īƒƒīƒ°ī‚Šīēī‚„ī€Ļ
īƒŒīšīĢīšīšīšīžī—īƒī—īŽīšīēī§īšīĢī€¨ī‚ģī¸īžīƒˇīšī€ģī‚īŠīŽī˜
10
ī™īžīƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīƒēī‚Šīƒ˛ī€Ŋīƒ‘ī€¤īĢī€Ŧīžīƒ…īĨī€Ąī‚ŠīŊī‚ŠīŖī€Ē 1980 ī€ŊīŖī€Ēī‚ŠīƒŦ
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īšī‚īžīšīĢīēī‚‰īƒœī€ēī‚Šī´īƒī€ļī—īƒąī‚¸ī˜īšī˛ī–īƒ¤īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚†īšīī‚Šīž
īšī‚īžī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒī‚šī‚žī—ī īƒ†ī‚ˆīšīƒģīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒƒīƒ°īƒŽīšīˇī€ˇīƒžīĨīƒŦīƒ‚īšīƒ
ī‚Žīšī›ī‚Šīĸī—īœī‚ģī‚ģī¸īƒŦīšīēī§īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚†īšīī‚Šīžīšī‚īžī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒ…ī‚‚īšī‚īƒĄī§īģ
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ī‚ƒī™īƒąīƒ‡ī˜ī€ąī—ī‚īƒ›ī€Ģīƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīƒēī‚Šīšī‚Ŗīƒ˛ī€ļī€Ŧī‚Žī§īŒī€¨ī€ŦīŊī‚ģīšī‚īšī¸ī‚™ī„
ī‚¸ī˜īžīŽīšī‚ƒī–ī‚¤ī€¯ī€Ģīī‹īƒ…īšīīƒ°ī‚ģīī–īƒ¤ī€Ŋī´īšī‚ŗīšīŠīƒĩ
ī‚žī‹īƒ…īƒ‘ī€¤īĢī€ŦīžīžīƒŽīƒ‚īƒī‚‰īžīƒ¤īšīšīƒīšī€Žī‚ŠīģīˆīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī†ī€Ŧ
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11
īšī€Žī‚Šīģīˆī˜īšīēī§ī‚ŧīƒˇīžīšī‹īĻīšīƒīƒ‘ī€¤īĢī€Ŧīžīƒ…īƒ‚ī€ąī–īƒī€ąīšīēī§īžīŽīš
ī‚ƒī–īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚†īšīī‚Šīžīšī‚īžī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‚ģīī–īƒ¤īƒĨīƒˇīŊīĻī‚‚īžī‚Ž
īƒŽīšīƒ‘īī—ī„ī‚¸īšīšī‚ģī‚Žīšī›īƒĨī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒ†īŸī€Žī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī˜
ī€ŊīĻī™īšī‘ī§ī€¤īƒīƒœīŗīƒ°ī¨īšī‚ŠīƒŦī‚žī´īƒŸīļīĨī§ī„ī‚š
ī‚īžīŗī¸ī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ƒī–ī‚ģī›īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚´ī€Šīšī‚ˆīšīš
īƒ…ī€ē
īƒļī˜ī—īƒ”ī‰īšīēī§īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīƒ”
īšī‚°īƒī­ī€Ŧī‚ŠīšīƒŖīƒ˛ī‚ģīšīļī‚ŦīœīšīšīƒŸīšī™īƒ†ī‚Šī§ī™īī‚—ī‚™īŊīšī€ŦīĻī™ī‚ƒī–ī‚Ž
īĩī‚Ŧī¸ī¨ī‚ģī€ļī€ŦīĨī§ī‚™īƒƒīƒŸīļīƒŸī‚ƒī„ī‚ƒīƒąīƒŒī‚Šīƒēīƒ˛ī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚žīƒĢī¨
ī€ļī€Ŧī‚īšīēī§īƒĢī¨ī€ļī€Ŧī‚ƒī„ī‚ƒīƒąīƒŒīŧī‘ī„ī‚ī€Ŋī†ī‚Šīēī‚„ī€ĻīƒĢī‚
ī‚žī¨ī‚ģī€ļī€ŦīĨī§ī‚™īƒ†ī‚ģīˆī€ĩīžīšīĢīƒ†ī‚Žīšī›īžī‚¸īˆī‚ƒī–ī‚žīƒ‚ī‚Š
īƒ…īģī‚§īšī‚¤ī€¯īƒˇīžī™īšīƒŒī‚Ŧī™īƒąīƒ‚ī€Ŋīƒƒīƒ°ī€ļī€Ŧīēīšīģī€ˇīšīƒī‚§īĸīƒ…ī€Ąī€Ēī€§
īƒī‚™ī€Ŋī‚‚īšī€°īīƒ˛īžīšīąī€­īēīšī‚§īƒŦī‚žīšīąī€­īŧīƒ°īƒˇīģīƒ¤īšīąī€­
ī‚›īšīƒƒī‚šī‚žī€ŋīƒˇīžīĨīƒī‚īƒĄī‚Šīžī‚™īƒŸīšīēī§īžīšī‹ī€Ąī€Ēī‚Šī‚īƒĄī‚„ī‚ģīēīƒŒ
ī€§ī€Šī€´īƒ¨
ī‡
ī‡
ī‚Šīēī–īƒ‡īšī‚¤ī€¯ī€ŋīŧīƒ°ī‚ƒī™īƒŽīƒ‚īšī˛ī–īƒ¤īšīƒ¯ī§ī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēīƒ‚īƒˇīģīƒ¤ī‚Ŧī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚žīšīƒ
īī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī™īƒąīƒ‚īšīšīƒ…ī—īœī–īƒī—ī‚˛īƒ•īƒ‘ī´ī‚ŠīŽī‚™ī€Ąī€Ēī‚Šī‚īƒĄīģīƒ¤īƒŽīĨ
ī‚žī‚īƒĄīšī€Ģī„ī§īƒŦī‚īƒ‚īšīĢīƒ¤ī€ˇī™īšī›ī‚Žī§ī”ī‚ƒīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒˇīžī€Ąī€Ēīīƒĸīš
īĻīĨīƒ‚ī§īēī€Ēī€Ēī€ēī€ˇī€Ŧī€ī€ĒīšīĢī€ļī€Ŧīšī˛ī–īƒ¤īƒŽīƒ¤īƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīƒŖīƒī‚™īēīšīƒĄīšīƒ–ī°ī‚ž
īšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚šīžīĨī§īƒ†īƒĸī§īŊī€ˇī§īēī§ī€ģīžīƒ‚īšīĢīĄī§īēī§ī€ģī‚ƒī–ī‚žīšīļ
ī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤ī€Ŋīƒœīŗīšīąī€­ī™īšī™ī–ī‚Šīžīšī‚¤ī€¯īšīĢīƒ¤ī€Ŋīšīąī€­īƒŽī™ī€ŗī‚Šīž
ī‚ƒī€§īƒ‚īēīģīƒŒīžīšīļīƒ…ī§īšīģīžī‚ˆīēī§ī‚™ī‚ŠīƒĒī˜
12
īžīšīšī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īƒ…ī‚§īĸī€¨īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ‚ī€ˇī‚ƒī–īƒ­īžī‚šīƒ
īģī¸ī–ī‚ī‚šīĢīˆī‚…ī§ī‚ƒī–ī€ąīƒˇīšīŸī€Žī€¯īƒŒīšī€¨ī‚„īƒŦī‚žīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒˇīŊ
ī¯īŊīƒ…īēīēīƒī€ŊīšīĻī´īƒ īƒ°ī™īƒī‚īƒ‚īƒˇīŊīĄī´ī€¨ī€ŦīŊīšī‚ŗīšīŠ
īƒ…ī€Ąī€ĒīīƒŦī‚žī´ī€Ĩīƒģīƒ‹ī°īŦīƒĢīƒƒī‚‚ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦī‚žī‚‰īēīģīšī‚¨ī‹īšīšīēī§īšīĢ
ī‚ģī§ī›ī‚„ī™īŊīƒŦī‚žī‚Žī€¤ī€Ģī¯īģīƒŸīļīšīĢīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īŧīĩī‚™ī„ī‚ī˜īšīļ
ī‚Ŧīœīƒī€ŊīšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīī‚ģīšī ī€Ĩīīƒ‡ī˜īšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīī€ŋīƒˇīšī‚ĸīšīšīšīƒŦī˜īšī‚¤ī€¯īšīš
īƒ†īŖīƒĢī‚ī‚žīƒĢīƒ‹ī­ī€Ŧīēī–īƒī‚ŧīƒŒī‚™īī¨ī‚īƒ‚ī—ī īŠī€­ī´īƒŸīļīƒ˛
ī™ī–ī€ˇī—īŠīšī‚Šī‚™īšīŽī´īšīŒīƒ¨īēī–īƒƒīƒˇīŊīƒēīƒŽīƒ¤īƒ…īīƒąīšīąī€­
īƒ‹īĒī€Ģīƒ†ī‚–ī§īŊīƒˇīžīƒŽīĄī™ī–ī€ˇī€¤ī€Ģīˇī‚Šīƒ¯īƒ‚īšīĢī‚ģīƒˆīƒŦī‚žī´
īƒŸīļīƒ‘īŒī‚īšīēī§īšīšīƒ†ī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīƒ‚ī€ĸīĨī§īŊī„īƒīƒƒī§īŊī‚ī˜
īžīƒ¤īƒƒīƒ’īƒ…īƒŦī‚žīƒ‚ī‚Šī€Ąī€Ēī§īžī‚Ŧīœīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‚‚ī‚īƒ‡īƒ†
ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžīƒŒī‚ŧīƒ‰ī‚Šīēī–ī€ī€Ēī‚žī‚Ŧī¸īšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ĻīĢī€Ŧī‚ģī‚Šīēīĩīšī§īŖīƒŒī‚ŠīŽīŽīšīēī§
ī€Ąī€Ēī‚šī‚ŧīšī‹īšīŗīƒ˛ī€žī‚īƒĄīƒ¯īƒ…ī‚īƒŽī€ˇī€Ŧīŧī‚™ī—īœī‚ģīšīšīšī€ī€ĒīŠīģī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜
īƒˇīŊīšīļī‚ģīīƒŦī”īƒ¤ī€Ŋī´ī‚ƒī€Ļī‚ŧī‚™īƒ…īƒˆī‚Šīžīž
īšīĢī‚‡ī€Žīƒžī€ˇīƒĨī˜īžīƒ¤ī´ī‚Žī‚ŧī‚–īƒŦī´īƒˇīžīŠī€°ī€Ģīƒī‚ģīĩīƒĸī´īƒŦīž
ī€Ļī‚ƒī–ī‚žīƒ­ī€ŋīšīŒī€ļī€Ŧīēī§ī‚Šīƒ‡ī§ī‚ģīģī­ī‚™ī¸īƒŦī€ˇīƒ‚īžīšīĢī‚‡ī€Žīƒžī€ˇīƒĨ
ī‚žī‚ŧīƒ‰ī™īēīģīšī€ŖīĨīŒīƒŦīƒ‹ī‚Ŧī¸īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒīƒƒīƒ°īšī€¨ī‚ģī¸ī‚™īēīšī‚ŠīƒĒīƒŦ
ī€Ļī‚ŠīŽī‚™īšīĢīƒ†ī‚Šīƒ”ī‚Šīƒ ī§īģī™ī„ī‚ī˜
ī—īœīƒ…ī‚Šī‚ŦīƒŽī–ī‚ģīšī 
ī‚ˇīšīƒģīƒˇī€ˇī§īž
13
īšīƒ–ī‚§īƒŽ
īžī€ĸīĩīŽīšī‚ƒī–īˆī¸ī‚ģī›īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚†īšīī‚Šīžīšī‚īž
ī‚™īƒ†ī˜ Proof Reading ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‚ģī‚žīī–īƒ¤īšīĢīƒ‚ī›īƒ…
ī€Ąī–īƒƒī‚Šī§ī‚„ī€ĻīˆīƒˇīŊīƒŦīˇīžīšī‚¤ī€¯ī´ī‚ģī¸īžī°ī‚Šīĩīšī‚ī¸ī‚ŠīƒĒīƒ‚īŒ
īšīƒĸī€Ąī€Ēī§īąī€­īŧīƒī€Ąī–īƒ…ī‚ļī‹ī€°ī€Ģī‚„ī€ēī‚™ī™īƒĨīšīēī§ī€°ī€ĒīƒŽīšīƒī€ˇī§īž
īƒ‚ī›īƒƒīĒīšī‚™īƒīƒ™īąīƒƒī†ī€Ŧī‹īīƒīšī‹ī€¨ī€ļī€Ŧī‚–īšīēī§īƒˇīŊī€°ī€ĒīĢī‚ŧī€§īƒ—ī¨ī€Ģ
īąī€Ŧīƒ¨ī‚ƒīƒ°ī‚‰īēīģīƒŒīƒ‚ī›īžī‚īƒĄīƒ¯ī˜ī˜
īžīšīąī€­ī€Ąī€Ēī§ī‘īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚†īšīī‚Šīžīšī‚īžī‚ģīī´īšī‚Šīšī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ƒī–ī‚ž
īī–īƒ¤īšīƒīƒ‹īēī‚‰īƒœīƒ¯īˇī‚™īƒ­ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒ…īƒĻī‚Šīƒ…īšīĢī‚ģīšī ī€Ĩīšīļīƒīƒ‚īšī€ˇ
īīƒ‡ī‚„ī€ąīžīƒŒīƒ“ī¸ī€¯īšī€ˇīšī‹ī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚ƒī–īžīŖī€Ēī‚Šī§īƒ…ī–īƒ‡ī˜ī´īƒœīŗīƒŦīƒ…
ī€Ąī€Ēīī€ˇīƒ‰īžīŽīƒŒīšī€¨ī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ƒī–ī–īˇīīœīƒ†ī‚‚ī´īƒŦī‚žīƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ē
14
īĄī‚™ī€Ēī‚Ŧīƒžīƒ˛īšīēī§īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīƒēī‚Šīšī‚Ŗīƒˇī€ˇī§īžīƒ˛īƒ¤īƒˇīŊī‚‚ī‚īŽīƒ…ī‚ļīƒ‚īī 
īžīšī‹ī´īƒ‚ī›ī‘īšī‚Šīēīƒĸī–ī‚­ī–īƒ†ī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī‚™ī§ī€ģī‚ƒī–īƒ”īšīƒī‚§īĸīƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ē
ī‚†īšīī‚Šīžīšī‚īžī‚™ī˛ī€ŖīƒŒīƒˇīŊīŽī€¨ī€ŦīŊī‚‡ī€Ļīƒŋī…īŒīšī‚īšī¸ī‚īŊī€Žīšīšī€ˇ
ī‚‡īšīŗī€Ŗīƒ–ī§īƒ‡īšīēī§īšīƒī‚§īĸī´ī‚Šī€Ģīƒ…īŊī€Žī€Ŗīƒ–īĩīšī‚ī¸ī‚Šīƒ¯ī§ī‚ī˜īīŊ
ī‚ˇīšīƒģīƒˇī€ˇī§īž
15
īƒ‚ī‚Š
īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ‚ī´īƒŦī‚žīŊī€Žīšī‚īžīƒˆī‚ŠīŊ
īƒˆīģī‚Šīēī‚Ŧīƒīƒīƒ˜īƒˇīŊīĄīƒŦ
īƒīƒ™ī‚§īĸīƒ…ī‚Ŗīēīēī™īšīĢīŊī€Žīšīƒ†īĄī”īƒ¤īƒ€ī‚ģīƒ‘īīƒƒī‚¯īŖī€Ēī€ĸīƒ‘ī§ī‚Šī§īēī‚Š
ī€ļī€Ŧīī–īƒ¤īšīĢī‚˜ī–īžīƒ‚ī‚Šī‚ģī€ąīˇī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‘īˆī˜ ī īēīŗī¸īŧīī‚ˇ
īšīƒĸī‚ˆ
īšīĢīēī‚‰īƒœī‚Ēīƒąī‚Žī‚ŠīŠīƒĸīƒ¤īžī‚›īƒĸī–īƒ†ī‚īšī€Ģīžīēī‚„
ī€§ī€Ŧī€Ąī€Ēī‚Šīžīƒ…ī‚˜ī–ī‚ģī‚°īēī‚Žī€ģīī‚īšīšīžīƒīšīąī€­īƒĢīēīēī´īƒŒīƒŦī‚žīēīģ
īƒĸī‚´īƒ‡īƒƒī§ī¨ī‚™ī€Šīšīļīƒīšī‹īąī„īƒ”ī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚Ēīƒƒīƒ°īƒˆ
ī§ī€ģīƒŦīŒīŒīŖī€Ēī‚‘īƒīƒļīīƒĻī‚Šīƒŗīƒŗīšīēī§īƒƒīƒ°ī‚ģī›ī‚ī‚†īšīƒ˜ī‚Šī§ī‚ŒīƒŖīƒ˛īƒīƒĻī‚Šīƒĸī€¸ī€­ī§ī€ģīƒŦ
īšīēī§īƒīƒ™īƒĸīģī‚Šīˆī§ī‚ƒī€Ŧī‚ŠīŊī§ī€ģīƒŦī‚žīēīģī°īŦī‚ƒīƒ†ī‚ĸīąī„ī€ˇī§īžī‚™ī‚Šī€Ŧ
16
īƒī˜
īšī‚¤ī€¯īƒĢīšīšīƒ†ī€¨īƒŸīƒī–īƒ…īŠī€°ī€Ģīƒī‚ģīŸī‚ˇī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚ī‚…īƒ‚īšīšīƒ…
ī¸īīžī´ī€Ąī€Ēīī‘īƒŦī‚žīƒ‚īēī‚‰īƒœīžīšīļīƒ†ī‚Šī§īƒīƒĸīƒšīšīĢīƒ†īƒŽīš
īƒƒīƒ°ī€Šīšīļīƒ‹īƒƒī‚ŧīƒŒī€ˇī‚ŠīŊī™īƒ”īšīĢīƒ†ī€§ī€Ŧī€īšīšīƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤īˆīˆī‚ž
īšīšīƒ…ī¸īīƒƒī€¤īƒ¸ī†īŒī€ąīĨīšīˇīƒ†īšī€´īƒīƒĸī‚‰īƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēīąīƒ‘īƒ¨īƒ‹īƒŒ
īƒ‚īžī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒī€¨ī€Ŧīŧī‚™īƒƒīƒ°īąī€ˇī´ī€Ēī€Ēī‚ŠīšīšīƒŸīļīšī‚¤ī€¯īšīĢīšīƒĢī€Ąī€Ēīīƒƒīšī‚¤ī€¯
ī‚­īƒ‚ī‘īšī€ˇīŒīƒŒī‚Šī§ī‚Šī§īƒ†ī‚Šī˛ī€ēī€ŗīƒ¤ī€ˇī€Ŧī€Ŧī˜ī€ąīƒĢī‚ī€Ēī€Ēī‚ž
ī‚ŽīŦī§īžī‚–ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒ‚īēī‚„īīƒŦīƒ‚īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒŒī‚‰ī‚‰īƒ‘īĩīƒ…ī‚§īŗ
ī§īšīƒĄī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒ‚īšīļīƒŒīšīĢīƒ†ī‚Šīˇī€ļī€Ŧī€¤ī‚™ī‚ŠīƒĒīƒŦī‚žīēīģīšī‚¨ī‹īšī‘īŒī€īšīĨī€¤
ī€ˇī€°ī€Ēī™ī™īƒ¨īšī‚¤ī€¯īšīļīƒ‹īƒƒī€īšīĨī€¤ī€ēī‚ŠīŊīƒ‚īƒƒīƒ°īƒŒī‚īšīƒī€īšīĨī€¤ī€ˇ
ī‚ŠīŊī€¤īƒ‹ī˜
īēīĄī€ē
īšīļī‚Ŧīœī°ī‚Šī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€°ī€Ēīĩīžī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īƒ‰ī‚Ŧī‚™ī„ī‚ī˜īŒīŒīƒ­
īƒī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™īēīžīļī§īžī‚Šī‚ŦīŠīˇī‚™īēī–īƒ‡īƒŗīƒŗī€ąī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ‘īĩīƒīģīƒ ī‚ƒīƒŖīĨīŖ
ī‚Ēīƒ‹īšī€Ŧī‚§īĒīƒī‚Šī‚Ŧī€ēīƒ…ī™īƒąī‚Žī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒ†īƒœīŗī‚ƒī˜
īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ†īƒąīƒ§īąī€ļī€Ŧī€Ąī€Ēīī‚™īƒ¤īƒī‚Ŧī‚…ī´īŖī€Ēī‚Šī§ī‚´īĨīŖī‚ž
īƒœīŗīƒ‘īšīƒ‘īšīļīƒŦīƒīƒ‚ī‚Šī‚ģī¨īšī‚Šīšī€ˇī‚ƒī€ī€Ēīšī€ŖīŠī€­ī—īœī§ī‚‚ī‚Ēī€¨ī‚ģīƒŒ
īšī‚Œīƒ›īšī§ī€ēī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§īšīšī‚ģīšī‚Œīƒ›īšī§ī‚„ī‚ģī§īžī€ˇīšīšī€ļī€Ŧī‚ŋīƒŒī‚ƒī€Ēī€ĒīĨīŖī˜ī‚īƒĄī‚˛īƒ¤
īˆī°ī›ī‚šīƒŦī˜
17
īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ‚ī´īƒŦī‚žīŊī€Žīšī‚īžī‚˛ī€ŧīƒĨī˜īŊ
ī´īƒˆīģī‚Šīēī‚Ŧīƒīƒīƒ˜īƒˇīŊīĄīƒŦ
īšīŗī¸īžī‚Žīąī‚…ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒī‚Ŧī€˛īƒ°ī™īƒīƒŦīēīģīŒīŒīƒ‚ī‚Šīƒŗīƒŗ
īƒŦīšīēī§īƒĻīšī­īƒī™īšīĢī‚Šī€Ēīžī—īƒąī”īąī€ļī€Ŧīšī˛ī–īƒ¤īŠīēī§ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēīšīēī§ī”īƒ…
ī‚Ŋī‚Šīžīēīģī‚ļīƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ”īšīēī§īšīļī‚Ŧīœī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€°ī€Ēīĩīžī°ī‚ŠīƒĢī‚ī‚žīēīģīƒīƒ™īĢīˆīģ
īĒī‚Šī€Ŧīƒī€ąīƒ‘īĩī‚™īƒ¤īēīšīƒŸī–īƒ†īĄīƒƒīƒ°ī‚„ī€ˇīƒŦīšīēī§īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ…
ī‚ĄīƒŦīƒ‘īĩī‚ŽīƒĻīĩī‚īšīšī‚ģīšī‚Œī‚˜ī–īžī‚¸īšīƒ…ī¸īƒŦī‚žī€ŗīƒ…ī—īļ
īžīƒ‘īƒĒī™īŽīƒī‚˜ī–īēīģīƒĨīƒ†īĄī§ī‚īƒīēī€ģī–īƒƒīƒ°īƒŒīšīšīƒ…
īƒĻī‚Šīƒƒī—īƒ¤īēīšīƒ‘ī€ˇī˜
īšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīƒƒīƒƒīƒ°ī‚Šīƒ„īƒ”ī‚Šī§ī‚Šīƒ”ī‚¤īƒ”īƒ‚īƒ”ī†ī§īžīŖī€Ēīƒ‹īŽīƒ…īƒƒīƒ°īƒŒ
ī€ąī‚ƒīƒ‚īƒ‚ī‚Šī‚ģī‚ģī‚Ÿī´īƒŦī‚žīƒĢīƒœīŗīšīļī‚ŦīœīƒƒīƒĨī§ī€Ŧīšīēī§ī€Šīšīļīƒ
īŒīƒĻī‚Šīƒ”ī€ēī‚™ī€Ŧī€ąī€§ī€Ŧīšī‚ƒīšīšīīƒšī€ļī€Ŧī‚„ī€Ļīƒ”ī€ĩī§īēī‹īƒ†īƒąīƒŸī€­ī–īšīēī§
īģīƒ•ī‚„īƒ‚ī¸īƒƒīƒŸī§ī€¸ī€­īžī€ˇī‚™īƒ¤īēīšīƒŸī–ī‚ģī‚žīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚˜ī–ī‚Šī€Ģīž
ī€¤ī€Ģī‚Ŧīīēīšī€Ĩīšīƒƒīī‚īƒĄīƒ¯ī˜īēī‚īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ†ī°īƒŒīšīŒī‚§īĒī€ļī€Ŧīšī˜ī‚Šī‚™īĄ
ī‚Ēīšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīƒƒīƒƒīƒ°ī‚Šīƒ„īƒ”ī‚Šī§ī‚Šīƒ”ī€ąīƒ”ī‚¤īƒ”ī†ī§īžīŖī€Ēīƒƒīƒ°īƒ‹īŽīƒ…īƒ‚ī‚Šī§
ī€ˇīƒŦīƒ‚ī—īœīƒƒī˜ī‚§īĸīƒ†īēīģī‚§īĒīšīƒīƒ¤ī‚ƒī–īƒī‚Žīƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ†īƒœīŗ
ī‚ī‚Ēīƒ‹ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒ†ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī™īŽīƒīšīēī§ī‡ī‚ģīƒŽīšīŗī‚™ī€Ŧīƒīšīēī§ī€ī€Ēī‚ž
īŊīƒī—īœīšīļīƒ†ī€¨īƒˆīŊī‚īšīļīƒī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™ī€Ŧīēīģīƒˇīžī‚‚ī§īž
ī€Šīī‚Šīēī§ī‚™ī‚ŠīŊīƒŗīƒŗī‚Žī€Ąī€Ēīī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‡ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒ…ī¸īīƒ†īƒœīŗī€ē
18
īƒ¤ī‚…ī´ī‚Ŋī‚ŠīžīƒŦīšīēī§ī€ēī‚„īƒ´ī€¯ ī ī‚„īƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊī‚ĩīŧīī‚ˇ
ī‚™īšī¸īšī‚Žīžīƒīƒ‹īƒī´ī•ī€Ēī€ĸī€¤īƒŦī‚žīēīģīƒ‹īƒ†ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī™ī‚™ī‚ŧīƒĸīƒŗ
ī‚™ī„ī‚¸ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€°ī€Ēīĩīžīšī­īƒī™ī‚™īšī¸īƒ…ī‚Šī‚ŦīŽīƒąī‚Žī‚Šī‚īŧīī—ī‚Šī¸īƒ°īƒ
īŠī€­īƒĻīƒŒīšī­īƒī™ī‚¸ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒ… ī īƒĄī‚™īƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊīƒ‘īŧīī‚ˇ
ī‚Šī‚ŦīŽī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€°ī€Ēīĩīžīƒąī‚Žī‚Šī‚ī€ąīēī€ģī–īšīļīƒ†īƒŽīšīƒ‹īēīšī—īŖī€Ēīēī§ī‚ģīĻī‚™
ī€ˇī€ŋī‚†īƒĒīŧīīšī€§ī€Ŧīšī‚īƒ°īƒ…ī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚ˆīžīƒąī‚Žī‚ŠīƒŦīŒīŒīšīŊīƒ¸ī§īŊ
ī§ī›ī€ĸī‚—īƒ‚ī™īŊīƒŦī‚ŽīƒĢīƒ–ī„ī‚īšīēī§ī‚ŽīƒĢī‚Ēīƒīƒ™ī‚™ī„ī‚īšīēī§īšīļī€ļī€Ŧ
ī‚ŧīƒŒī€ˇīƒĻīģī€ˇī€ēīŠīŊī€ēī—ī‚īšīžī‚ƒī€Ļī‚°ī°īšīĢīƒ†īšīļīƒ†īĄīƒŦ
ī”īƒ¤ī€¨ī€ŦīŠī€šīžī€Ŋīšī‚ī‚ŗīƒ°īšīēī§īšī‡ī´īƒ°ī‚Ģī‡ī€ĸī‚—īƒˇīšī§ī›ī‚Šī‚Ŧ
ī‚ģī€¨ī€Ŧīšī‡ī§īēīšīƒ‘īƒŦī˜īšīŊīšīļīƒ­īƒƒīšīēī§īƒˇīžīšīēīƒ‘ī‚ŠīƒƒīƒēīŠī‚‡īƒŦī‚™īƒ¤īēīšīƒ‘ī‚¯īšīēī§
īƒˇīŊī§ī›īƒˇīžī‚Šī‚ŦīŠīˇī‚īƒ›īƒĸīšīŊīƒ¸ī§īŊī§ī›īƒ­īƒƒīšīēī§īƒˇīŊīēīšī‚­ī€Ģīƒƒīšīēī§
ī‚ƒī€ĻīšīšīšīēīšīƒŸī–īƒƒīĒī‚ŠīŊīƒ”ī‚ˆī›ī‚‡īƒŦī‚ƒīƒ¤īƒ†ī‚Šīšīƒŗīƒŗī€Šīŧīī—ī‚Šī¸īƒ°īƒ…
ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ…īŠīąī‚ģīēīšī‚§īšīēī§ī€§īƒ—ī¨ī€Ģī‚Ŧīīšīąī‚Šī§ī€¤ī‰ī§ī‚žīžīƒīĻī™ī‚™īšī¸īƒ…
īƒ‘īĸī€ĩī‚ąī‚™ī€Ŧī€¨
īšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīšīĢī‚Œīƒ›ī—īƒŖī‚Šī‚Ŧī€ļī€Ŧī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§īƒŽīļī‚žīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒ‹ī‚ģīēīšīƒ´īŖī€Ē
īēīĄīšīƒšī‚„ī‚ĸīēī§īžīƒĨīƒ‚īŧīīšī€§ī€Ŧīšī‚īƒ°īƒ†īēīĄīƒīŖī€Ēīŧīīƒĸīĸīƒ°īƒ†īēīĄ
īƒīƒ‚īƒ¤ī€Ŋīšī‚ī‚ŗīƒ°īšīēī§īšī‡ī´īƒ°ī‚Ģī‹ī€ąī€ˇī—īœīƒ¤īƒ‚ī‚Šī‚ģī‚ģī‚Ÿī€ˇī§īš
īˆīšīēī§īƒœīŗīšīļīƒīšīŠīƒ…īšīēī§īēīģīƒŒīƒ‹īēīĄīƒīģīƒ ī—īœī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧī‚ž
īŧīīšī€§ī€Ŧīšī‚īƒ°īƒ¤īšīŒīēīšī‚­ī€Ģīšīēī§īƒ“ī¸īšīšīšīēīšīƒŸī–īƒ…īŽīīƒ…īšīļī‚Ŧīœ
19
īƒī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒĸī‚žī˜ī°ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒī‚Ŧīšīļīƒ†ī„īƒƒī‚Žī‚žī—ī‚īšīēīŠīŊīƒƒī‚”īƒŦī€ŠīšīĢ
īƒīƒŒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚ŠīģīƒŦī€¨īšīēī§īšīąī€­īĻī§īģīƒŒīšīĢīƒ†ī„īƒī€Ąī€Ēīƒīƒ™ī€ˇī‘īšīļī€Ąī€Ēī§īžī‚Ŧīœ
īƒ…ī‚°ī°ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒ°ī‚žīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤ī€¨ī€ŦīŠī€šīžīšī€ˇī‚Šīēī¤ī—ī‚Ģī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒąīšīēī§ī´
ī‚žīēīģī‚„īƒ“ī¸ī‚‘ī‚‡īīƒ…ī‚Šī‚ŦīŽīƒšī€ˇīƒŦīšīēī§īŠīˇī‚™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦī€ąīƒ‘ī¯ī´īƒŦī‚ž
ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ‘īĩīƒīģīƒ ī‚ƒīšīēī§ī‚Žīƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ†ī‚ģī€˛ī‚īēīģī€ˇī§īŊī‡ī™īŽīƒ‚īƒƒīƒ°
īēīēī€ˇī‚žīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ‹īēīĄīƒ†ī€Ĩī‚„īƒ¸ī§īžī‚Šī‚Ŧī€ēī‚•īƒĢīšī‚¤ī€¯ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚ˆīž
īƒ“ī¸īšī­īƒī™īƒ°īƒ…ī‚Šī‚ŦīƒŽī–ī‚ģī‚¨ī§īƒīŸī‚ˇī‚™ī€Ŧī‚…ī‚¸ī‚Ŋī‘īƒŦī‚žī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒœīŗ
īšī‚ī™īƒļī‚Ēīšīļīƒ†īœī§īŊī€Ēī€Ēīƒąī–īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‚™īƒŖīĨīŖī˜īšīĢīƒī—īƒ
īžī‚™īšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīĩī§ī€¤ī´īžīžī‚Šī‚īƒ‚īēī€ģī–īƒŒī‚…īƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊī‚ĩ
īƒ¤ī‚¸ī‚Ŋī‚ŠīžīƒŦī‚žī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ‘īĩīƒī€°ī€Ēīĩī‚ƒīƒŖīĨīŖī‚ĒīšīĢīžīƒ‹ ī
īƒ‘īƒ”īēīƒ īƒ”īŖīŖī€Ēī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒīēīģīąī€Ŧī€ēīƒĸī€´ī‚Žīƒœīŗīšīēī§īƒœīŗīšīļī‚ŠīŊ
ī™īƒŦī˜īšīēī§īƒ‹ī‚īƒƒīšī‹ī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚ģīēīĄī€ēī‚¯īŽī‚Žī”ī‚§īĸī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤
īƒī‚Šī‚ŦīŽī•ī€Ēī€ĸī€¤ī‚īšīƒī‚§īĒīƒī‚™ī€Ŧī˜
īšī€ąī‚ŠīšīƒŽī‚Šīƒ‘ī°īēī†ī€Ŧīƒ¨īžīƒ‘ī°īžīƒŦīƒ”īŧīī‚†īšīļī€°ī€§ī€Ŧī¨ī€Ģīģīƒą
īƒ¤īšīąī€­ī‚ŋīƒƒī´ ī īšīŒīēīšī‚­ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒī§īēīšīĨī€¤ī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚žī§īƒŽīˇīšīļ
īƒĢī‚‹īŒīŒīšīŊīšīļīžī‚īƒīƒŽīšīˇī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ƒī–īšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‚žīžīƒīšī‚„
ī‚ŠīƒĒī‚ƒī–ī‚žī€ĸī‚—īƒ‚ī‚„īšīļīƒŦī‚žīŊīƒŽīšīƒƒīƒ°īąī‚Šī€ˇīƒ‚īšīƒąīƒŦīƒ”ī€ĸī€ĒīŠ
īƒŦī”īƒ…īƒƒīƒ°īšīēīƒ‘ī‚Šī€ˇīšīēī§ī€ēīēīģīƒ‹īƒ…īšīēīƒ‘ī‚ŠīƒŦīšīēī§ī€ēīšīĢīƒ†ī€§ī€Ŧīšī€§ī€Ŧīƒƒīƒ°īƒŦ
īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīƒ‚īƒ¤īšīļīƒīšīĢīƒ†īšīƒŒīšī—īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īƒŽīšīˇīˆī˜ ī ī—īœ
20
īšīƒī‚§īĸī†ī€Ŧīƒ¨īžīƒ‘ī°īžīƒŦī‚žīŒīŒīŧīī€¯īƒąī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī‚žī‡
ī‚Šī‚ŦīŠīŊīēī—ī‚īšīƒ†ī‚Šī§ī¸īšīšī§ī“īƒŦīšīĢī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚ģīƒƒīƒ°īēīƒŒī—ī‚īšīƒ…
ī€ļī€Ŧī‚Šī§īēī‚Šīƒ‘ī°ī€ēī‚ŸīƒĄī‚ĒīšīĢ ī ī‚§īŗī€ˇī­ī€ĨīĢīšī€ŖīŠī€­ī‚žīƒ‚īšīŒīƒ‘
īēī‚‰īƒœīŠī€­īƒƒīƒ°īƒŒī‚Šī‚ŦīŠīˇī€ˇī‚ƒīƒīƒŗīƒŗī˜
ī§ī§īžīƒ‘ī°īžīƒŦīŧīī‘ī¸ī€žīƒąī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒī‚ī‚žīžīƒ¤īŧī
ī§īšīīƒ…īƒēīŠī‚žīąīƒīƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī„ ī ī‚Ŧīƒˆīƒąīƒī€ˇī™ī‚žī§īƒŽīˇīšīļ
īšī€Ŗī§īšīīƒƒīšī€°ī‚¸īƒ‚īšī‹ ī ī‚¸ī˜īšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚Žīšī›ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚žīŒīŒī—īƒ€ī
īƒēīŠīšīĢī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒīƒ‘īēīąī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚¸īƒŗīƒŗīŒīŒīšīŊīšīļī€Ąī‚ƒīšīŒīšīēī§īŊīŒīšīēī§
īšīĩīšī€žīƒ†ī§ī›ī—ī‚īƒĸī–īšīēī§īƒˆīēī–īƒ†ī‚Šī§ī¸īšīƒĒī‚™īŊīƒ‡ī˜ī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‚ī–īž
īēīģīšī€Ĩīŗī‚™ī„ī‚īƒ‚ī€Ŋī€īšīĨī€¤ī‚ŠīŊīšīĢī¨īžī”īžīšī€Ĩīŗīˆī‚Šīˆ
īƒ‚ī‚„ī”īƒƒīĨīƒŦī‚Ļī“ī§īšīģīƒ…ī‚§īŗī ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒŗīƒŗ
ī¨īēī€īšīĨī€¤īƒ…ī§īšīģī€ļī€Ŧī‚Ŋ ī īƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊīƒ‘īŧīī‚ˇī€
īšīēī§īƒ‚ī€Ŋī€°ī€Ēīƒ¤īƒ…īšīļīƒī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒĸī€¸ī€­ī§īƒŦī‚ī™īƒ¨ī¨īƒ…ī§īšīģīžīƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤
ī€¨ī€Ŧīšīšī€ĨīŗīˆīƒŦī˜īšīēī§ī€šī§īšīģī€ļī€Ŧī‚Ŋīƒ…īƒ‚ī€ŊīšīļīŽī§īĩīēī‚Ŧīœīƒ†īƒŽīšīƒƒīƒ°
ī€ˇī‚ŠīŊī™ī˜ī‚¸ī—īœī‚ģī‚§īŠīƒĨī‚žīšī‹ī‚Šī‚ŦīƒŽī–īƒī‚Ŧī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒ‡īģīš
īƒ…ī€ēīƒļī˜ī—īž
īšīĢīƒ…īĻīšīīēīƒŒīīēīšī‚ī™īƒļī‚ģīēīĄī€ˇī‚™ī„ī‚¸īšīƒī‚§īĸīƒ¸ī§īšīƒŒīšīēī§
īƒ¤ī‚…ī€˛īŖī€ĒīƒŦ ī īƒīƒ™ī‚›īšī‚ģī‚ŋī‚ƒī€Ēī€ĒīĨīŖīšīēī§ī‚¸īƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊīƒ‘
īšīēī§ī‚¸īšīšīƒ…īšī‚¤ī‚Žī€Šīēī‚›ī‚ģī‚ģī‚ŸīƒŦī˜
ī†ī€Ŧīƒ¨īžīƒ‘ī°īƒ…īšīąī€­īšīēī§īĩī§ī€¤īžīƒŦī€¯īšīšī€°īĄīƒąīƒĢī‚
21
ī‚žīžīƒ¤ī§īƒŽīˇīšīļīƒ¤ī‚‹īƒŦī‚žīŒīŒī‚Žī‚ŋī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€ˇī€ŦīƒąīšīĢīƒƒīĨīŖī‚Œīƒ›ī—īš
īƒ†īĻī§ī€ŠīšīļīƒīƒĸīĻī‚ĸī‚„īšī€ŦīƒŸīļīĄīšī‚ƒī–īƒī‚Žī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€ˇī€Ŧīŧī‚™
īƒŸīƒī–īƒī‚„īƒĸī€´īƒīƒŗīƒŗī˜
īšīĢīĩī§ī€¤īžī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚ˆīƒƒīšī‹ī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚ģīĻī§ī€ŊīēīĄī‚¯īƒ¤ī‚ģī‚Ŧī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīˆ
īƒŦīšīĢīŽī‚žī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚œīšīļī‚Ŧīœī‚ģī‚¯ī¸ī€°ī€ĒīĩīƒŦīƒ”īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ…īŧīƒŦī‚Ž
īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ…īĻīšīīƒ…ī‚§īĸī€°ī€ĒīĩīƒŦī˜īšīēī§īŦīĢīƒŦīƒ”ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚ˆīƒƒī€ˇī€Ŧī‚­īšīēī§
īšī‹īŠī€°ī€ĢīƒīƒƒīšīĢīƒ†īŸī€ŽīĨīŠīƒœīšī¤ī‚„ī‚Šīīšīēī§ī‚Šī‚ŦīŠīˇī‚ƒīƒ¤ī‚ģī¸ī†ī€Ŧī€Ģ
īĻī§ī€ŊīƒŦī˜ī€ŠīšīĻīšīšīƒ†ī‚ˆīƒ…ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ†ī†ī€Ŧīƒ€ī€ļī€Ŧī‚¨ī§ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧī€¨
īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēī€ŋ ī ī§ī§īžīƒ‘ī°īšīēī§ī‚›īƒ‘ī°īžīƒŦī§īƒŽīˇīšīļ
īƒī‚ŦīēīšīƒŸī–īžīƒī€Ļī‚ŋī§īšī€ŗī€ļī€Ŧīžī§īƒŦī‚¸ī˜ī‚žī‚īƒĄī¸ī‚ģīēī‚‰īƒœī‚ƒī‚Šīˆ
īšīēī§īšī€ˇī§īšīī‚Ŧī‚™īƒ¤īƒ†īĄīšīąī€­ī‚¸ī§īžīƒīģī‚ĸī€¸ī€ˇī€Ŧīžīƒ”ī‚¸ī§īžīšī€Ŗīēīģ
ī‚Šīšī€´ī‚ƒīƒąīƒ‚īŽī¨ī€ļī€Ŧīƒīšīąī€­ī€ĸīšīĩīĩī‚™ī‚¸ī§īƒ†īƒŦī€ļī€Ŧī‚¤ī€¯ī€ˇī€Ŧīžīšīēī§ī´īƒī–
ī‚¸ī§īžīƒēī‚™ī§īģī‚‰ī˜īšīšī‚ƒī€Ļīƒ¤ī—ī€ēīžī´ī§īģīˆī‚žīšī›ī‚Œī–īƒ
īļī‚ģīšīąī€­ī‚„ī§īšī€ŗīƒŦī‚žīƒĢīƒī–īžīƒīƒīƒ™īšīąī€­īšīŒī‚ƒī€ĻīƒīšīŠī‚ŋ
īƒ†īĻī§ī€Šī‚ĒīēīĄīƒīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™ī€Ŧī˜
īšīšīžīƒīšīąī€­īƒ¤ī‚šīŒīŒīšīŊīšīļīƒˇīŊī€ąī¨īƒąīēīšī‚­ī€Ģī‚¸
īƒˇīžī‚Ŧī‚Šīī‚ļī‚žīšīšīƒƒī‚Šīēī‚Šīŧīƒļīƒ¤īƒī‚ŦīžīšīŒī‚”ī–īƒƒī‚Šīēī‚Šīŧī€ˇīƒļīŖī€Ē
ī‚™ī€ī€ĒīƒĨī˜īšīąī€­ī‚Šīšīžī‚Šī§īŧī€Ŗīƒ…ī‚ˆīŦīžī‚Šīēī§ī ī‚Šīˆīšī€Ŗīēīšī€ēī—īŖī€Ēīƒ‚
īƒˇīŊīƒĸī–ī€Ąī€ĒīœīƒŽī ī‚¸īžīƒ¤īšīšīƒƒī‚Šīēī‚Šīŧīƒļīƒąī€ĨīšīŒī‚”ī–īƒƒī‚Šīēī‚Šīŧ
22
īƒļī€Ēī€Ēī‰ī€ˇīˆīšīēī§ī‚Šīēī‚Šīŧī‚ģīœī€Ąī€ģī‚īžīƒĄī‚™īšīšīƒ†ī™īĩī‚ģīšīī§ī‚™ī€ī€Ē
ī§ī€ģī˜īĄīƒˇīŊīšī‹īƒĸī–īƒīĻī‚™ī‚Ŋī§īƒŦī‚Œī–īŠī€­ī‚žīƒ˛ī‚ģīēī‚‰īƒœī—ī‚Šīˆī˜
īī€¤īēīģī™īƒīšīēī§ī‚Šīēī‚ŠīŧīœīŒīŒīšīŊīšīļīšī‚¤ī€¯ī´ī‚ŋīžīƒ¤īƒœīŗī‚žīžī§ī‚Ÿīƒ†
īĄīˆīƒŦīƒ‚īšīĢīƒ…īƒ•īƒīšīĢī€ĸīšīƒ…ī‚¤īƒī‚…ī‚īī‚ŠīŊīƒ”ī‘
īšīĢīƒ†ī‚ˆī€ĸīšīƒ°ī¨īžīƒīĩīĩī‚ˆī°īšīƒĸī€ˇī‚žīēīģīšīĢīžīƒī€Ąī€Ēīƒīƒ™īƒ˛
ī‚ģīšī§ī‚īƒĄī‚ŠīƒŦī‚žī‚ŠīēīĩīŊīƒ¤ī‚šīƒžīƒžīŒīŒīšīŊīƒˇīŊīšīļīƒˇīž ī īƒƒīœī§īŊīƒ‘
īšīąī€­īĨīĨīŠīšī‚Šīƒ‡ī‚ļī‚Žī€Ŋī‚ƒī€ĻīƒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī€¸ī›ī‚ļīžīƒ¤īšīĢīƒīšī‹
ī€§ī€Ŧīžī€Ģīī‚ģīšīƒ–ī§īˆīƒ‚īšīĢīƒ¤īšīƒ¯ī§ī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚Œī–īŠī€­ī‚žīēīģī‚ĩī‚‚īƒ īƒī€ļī§ī‚ƒī‚™
īƒˇīŊī€°ī€ĒīĢī—īƒ°īšīēī§īžīƒ¤īšīƒīšīąī€­īƒŽīƒ¤īšīƒ‘ī€ĩī–ī‚Šī€ŦīšīĢīƒ‘ī¯ī€ļī€Ŧī‚žīēīģ
ī€Ŋīƒ¯īī‚ģīƒąī‚§ī‚ŠīŊīēīģīšīĢī€ļī€Ŧī§īšīƒ¨ī‚ƒī‚ˆīšīēī§īšī€Ŗīžīƒ¤īšīĢī€ļī€Ŧī€ˇī§īž
ī‚§īĸīƒ¯ī€Šī€ąīƒ‚īēīģīƒŦīƒīƒ†īƒ“īƒ…īĩīĩīƒ…ī€Ēī€Ēī¨ī€Ŗīƒ–īƒ‚ī¨īēī´īƒī‚™īšīĢ
ī€ļī€ŦīžīƒŽīšī§ī‚ƒī„ī‚ƒīƒąī§īĩī‚Šīˆī˜īēīģī€Ŋī‚ƒī€ĻīƒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī€¸ī›ī‚ļī‘īƒŒīž
īšīĢīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īšīŒī€§ī€ŦīŊīƒŦīˇīƒī€Ąī€ĒīŠī—ī‚Šīˆīšīēī§īēīģīšīƒ‘ī€ĩī–īƒŒīƒ§īŗī‚™ī‚Šī€Ŧ
ī‚Žīžīƒ¤īšīƒī‚Šīžī‚‰ī˜īšīŊīšīļīšī‚¤ī€¯īžīƒ¤ī´ī‚ŋī‚Ąī‚žīžī§ī‚Ÿīƒ†īĄīˆ
īƒŦīƒ‚ī‚…īšīĢī€ĸīšīƒ…ī‚¤īƒī‚īī‚ŠīŊīšīĢīƒ†ī‚ˆī€ĸīšī‚ŧīšīēī§
īĩīĩī‚ˆī€ąīšīƒĸīƒŒī€ˇī‚žīƒī–īšīĢīžīƒīƒ˛īƒƒī˜
īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēī‚žī‚ŠīŊī‚ŋīƒ¤ī‚šīŒīŒīšīŊīšīļīžīƒ¤ ī īœī§īŊīƒ‘
ī†ī€§īƒ—ī‚Šīēī§ī€§īƒ—ī‚Šīēī§īžī€ŋī§īƒ‡īšīēī§ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒ…ī€§īƒ—ī‚Šīēī§īžīšī‚Šīšī‚™ī‚Šīžī°īšīąī€­ī€§īƒ—ī‚Šīēī§īšī‹
īšī ī€Ĩīī§ī¨ī‚™ī ī‚Šīˆīžīƒ¤īšīĢīƒ…īšī ī€Ĩīīƒƒī°ī›ī€¨ī€ŦīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Œī–īŠī€­ī‚žī‚ģī‚°
23
īƒĸīˇī‚ƒī‚Šīˆīšīąī€­ī‚˛ī‚žīƒ†ī‚ˆīēīģī—īŖī€Ēīšīēī§īƒ­īƒīšī‹ī€§īƒ—ī‚Šīēī§īžīƒĸī‚žīžīƒ¤ī‚šī´
ī‚ƒī€Ļīšīēī€Žī€¤īƒ”īƒ‡īƒąīƒ”ī‚–īŖī€Ēī–ī‚Žī€ŋī‚ŠīŽī§īƒŦī‚ƒī‚ƒī€Ļīļī§īŊī‚īšīĢīƒ¤ī‚šīƒˆīģ
īŊī€Žīšīƒ­īƒīƒ¨īšī´ī€ēī‚™īžīƒ¤ī‚šīžī€ŋīƒīƒ¨īšī´ī€ˇī‚™ī§ī€ģīī€¤īšīĢīƒ¤ī‚‚ī§īš
īšīƒīƒĸīˇīƒĄī€ąīšīēī§ī ī‚Šīˆī˜īšīŊīšīļī´ī‚ŋīšī‚¤ī€¯īžīƒ¤ī‚Ąī‚žīžī§ī‚Ÿīƒ†īĄīˆ
īƒŦīƒ‚īšīĢīƒ…ī€§ī€Ŧī‚•ī€§īƒī€Šī‚ĒīĻī§ī€ŊīēīĄī€¨īƒīƒ¸ī§īžīšīĢī‚¤īƒƒī‚Šīēī§
ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī˜īī€¤ī™ī‚™ī€ĸīšī€ˇī§īžīĩīĩī‚ˆīšīēī§īēīģī‚ƒī€Ļīƒ˛ī‚™ī‚­ī‚‰īƒŗīƒŗ
īƒ¤ī‚…īƒĢ ī ī‚ƒī€Ļīĩī§ī€¤īƒ‘ī°īžīƒŒīƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊīƒ‘
īšī€Ŗīƒ–īƒ†ī€Ļīƒąīƒ°ī€Ĩī‚Šīēī–ī‚ģīšīŒīšīŒīšīąīˇī‚™ī‚’īƒ†īĻī§ī€Ŋī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™īƒ¤ī‚ģ
ī‚§īŠīƒī§īƒŦī‚
īƒ¤īƒ´ī€¯ī‚™īšī¸īƒ†ī‚‚ī´īšīĢīĄīƒ’īšīˆīƒĨ ī ī´ī˛īœī§īŊīƒ‘
ī‚žīēīģī€ļī€ļīƒ‘īĩīēī™īąīƒ…īŠī€°ī€Ģīƒīƒīšīŗī¸īžī‚Šīšī€´ī‚ƒīƒąī‚¸īšīēī§
īšīƒŒī€ˇī§īžī‚§īĸī™ī‚‹ī‚Ŧī‚Šīšīī‚Šīˇīēī‚Šīƒĸī˛īƒī¨ī€ˇī‚‰īŒī€ļī€ŦīšīƒŖī‚Ŧī‚Šīīƒ†
ī īŸī€Žī‚šī°īƒ‘īīēī‚ŗīƒ˛īƒ…īŽī€ŗī€ąī‚™ī„ī‚¸īšī€Ŧīƒąī‚§ī€ļī€Ŧīœī§īŊīƒ‘
īšī€ˇī€ī€ĒīŽī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēī‚™ī„ī‚¸ī‚Žī‚ŋīƒˆīƒĄīƒīƒ‘īīēī‚ŗīƒ˛īƒ…īŽī€ŗīƒąīšīƒ
ī‚¯ī§ī•īƒ‘īšī€Ąīšīƒ‘īšīļī‚žī‚™īšī‹ī´īƒ…īƒ§ī‚°īƒĸīƒ“īĨīŖī˜
īšīļī‚Ŧīœīšī€Ŗī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€°ī€Ēīĩīƒ…īƒŽī§īģī€Ąī‚•īģīžī°ī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚žīƒ­
īƒī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒĸīƒšīžīļī§īžī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒšī€ˇī‚ƒī–īƒ‚ī‘ī‚…ī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ēī€ĒīĨī‚’ī‚žīšī€Ŗīšīļī‚Ŧīœ
ī‚…ī‚Ŧī‚™ī§īƒŦī‚ī‚žīƒĢīšīĢīƒīƒĸī€´īƒ‚ī‘ī‚…īšīƒīƒī‚„īƒĸī‚‰īĨīŖ
īƒ”ī™ī–īšīēī§ī‚Šī§īēī–īƒ…īžī‚™ī€Ŧī€ŗī„ī‘ī€Ŧī˜
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īšī›ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒī—īƒīžī‚™īƒĢī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒ‡īšī‚Šī€Ģī‚ģī‚§īŠī‚Šīƒ™
ī‚ī‚žīēīģīšīĢī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžīˆī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī˜
īƒĻīīĨīĒī‚ŗīƒ‡ī‚ŗīƒ§īīīƒ–īŽī‚ŗīƒ¤ īšīƒĸī¸ī‚ˇī€°ī ī€ĨīĢī€Ŧī¤īžīƒ˛īšī‹ī‚‚īžī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī‚ž
īƒ†ī°ī‚īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒīšī€Ŧīšīąīˇīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‚Ŋī›īĨī‚ƒī‚ŽīšīĢīƒ… īīƒ–īƒ§ī‚‰īŽīƒ—īƒ¨
ī°īƒ›ī‚Šīžī‚ģī€Ąī€Ēī‚¯ī€Šī‚ƒī˜
īšīĢī‚§īĸīšīƒĸī¸ī§īšīƒĄīƒ˛īšīŒī‡ī‚ŠīšīīšīƒīēīĄīƒ…ī—īĨī€¤īƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊ
īžī‚˜ī‚ī‚žīēīĄīƒī€Ĩīšī‚Šīƒœīšī¯ī‚žī€ļī€Ŧī„īƒ”ī‚„ī‚Šīīšīēī§ī‚Šī¸īƒ‘ī€ŧī€Šī‚Ē
īšīąīˇīƒ¨ī‚™īƒ”ī€¨īƒ…ī‚§īŗīƒ‡ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī¸īƒŦī˜
īģīŠīšīƒ˛īšī‹ī‚‚īžīšīƒī—īĨī€¤īƒ†ī‚ī‚˜ī‚ī‚Ēīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ…
ī€Ĩīƒ¨īƒ†īŸī€ŽīšīĢī‚ģī‚Œīƒ›ī›īąīƒī‚™īēīƒ”ī‚‚īƒŦīšī€ŖīšīžīƒŦī‚žīēīĄī‚ģ
īƒˆī‚„ī‚Šīīšīēī§īšī‚¤ī‚Žī€Šīƒ†īĻī§ī€Ŋī‚Œīƒ›ī›īšīƒžīąīƒī‚™ī€Ēī€ĒīƒŦī˜
īšīƒī—īĨī€¤īƒ†ī‚īšīƒĸī¸īšī€°īīƒ˛īšī‹ī‚‚īžī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī‚žīƒ˛ī‚ģī‚Ŧ
ī‚ƒī§ī€ģīƒŦīšīēī§īēīģīƒŒīšī‚¤ī‚Žī€Šīƒī€ĩī‚ƒīšīƒˆī´īƒŦī‚žīŊī€Žīšīƒ†ī‰ī‚™ī‚Šīģī‚ģīƒąī–
īƒī§ī‚ģī§īƒŦī˜īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ…ī‚§īŗī‚Œīƒ›ī€ĸī€¤ī‚Ēī€´ī€Ŧī‚Šīī‚ˆīŦī‚™īŊī˜
ī‚¸ī°īēīĄīƒ†īŧīīšī€°ī‚„īĢīƒąīƒī‚Žīˇī‚īƒ”īŧīīšī€ąīēīšīĸ
īŧīī‚Œīŧīīšī€°īŠī¨ī€Ģīšīēī§ī‚šīƒī‚Ŧī€Ģīƒ˛īƒīƒŒī€ĨīēīžīƒŦīšī‚Šīģīƒ˛
ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŊī€Žīšīƒ…īšī‚¤ī‚Žī€Šīšīēī§īšīĢīƒ…ī€Ĩīƒ¨īƒ†īšīąīˇīƒīšīĢīƒī‚Œīƒ›ī¤ī€¤
ī‚ƒīƒąī™īƒŽīšīšī‚Ŧī€Ģīƒ˛īšī‚Žīƒ¤īēīĄīƒ†ī‚Žī°ī‹ī‚īšīĢī€ļī€Ŧī‚ƒī€Ļī‚Ŧī€Ģ
ī‚ģīšī€ŠīąīƒŦīšīĢīžīƒƒīƒ°īšīąī€­īƒŒīšīĢīƒ†īƒœīŗī€ˇī˜
25
īšī€ąī‚īƒ˛īƒīšīƒĸī¸īšī€ąī€­ī‚Šī§īēīšīĨī€¤ī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚žīƒ‹īƒŒī‚ŋīƒ†
īĄī™īžī€Ŧī€ˇī‚žīšī‚ī™īƒļīƒ†ī€Ĩīšīļīƒī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™īŊī˜
īšī›ī—īœī°ī‚Šī‚„īƒĒī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§īƒŽīļī‚žī‚˜ī–īƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊīƒ‘
īƒ¤īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ…ī‚Ŋī‚Šīžīēī‚ī€§ī€Ŧīšī‚ƒīšīšīĢīģīƒ•ī‚„īƒ‚ī¸ī‚ģī”īƒ¤ ī īŧīī‚ˇ
īƒ‚ī‚ŠīƒƒīƒŒīģīƒ˜ī€ēī§ī‚ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚ˆīžīšīļī‚Ŧīœī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŒīŒī€ĸī‚—
īƒŽī€ŋīšīļīƒƒī§ī¨ī‚™īƒĨī§ī„ī‚ƒīēīģīļī§īŊī‚„ī‚‰īƒˆīŊī‚īƒŽīšī‚¤ī€¯ī€ŋī†
ī‚ƒīƒ‚ī€ŋīšī€ˇīƒĨī§īēī‘īšīšīƒƒīĨī€ŗī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī˜ī‡
īŠī‚ģī‚Žīšī›ī‚Šī€Ŧīƒŗīƒŗ
īšīĢī—īĨī€¤īƒī‚™īŗī‚Ēīƒīƒ™ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦī‚Œī–īƒ‹ī€ĸī€¤īŖī€ĒīƒŸī‚ģīĻī‚™
ī€ˇīƒŦīƒ‚ī‚„ī‚Šī—īŖī€ĒīƒŦīšīēī§ī‚˛ī€Ąīžī‚„ī‚ŠīƒˆīŊīƒƒīƒĢī‚ī˜īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤
ī‚Œī–īƒˆīēī–īƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīƒŦī‚žīšī‚¤ī€¯ī€ŋīšīŒīƒ‘īĩīƒ†ī‚Šīƒēīƒ˛īžī†
ī‚ƒī‚žī´īƒˆīŊīƒĨī§ī€Ŧī†ī§ī‚īšīēī§īšīƒĻīšī‚Šīƒƒīƒ­ī‚īƒ‚īšī€ˇīƒĨī§ī‚Šī¤īƒ†ī‚Šīƒ„īƒ”
ī‚¤īƒ”ī†ī§īžī‚Šīēī§ī‚™īƒ¤īžīˆīšī€ˇī‚Šī§īīƒŦī€ŋīŊī€Žīšīƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīƒīƒ™ī‚Ļī€¯
ī€ˇī™īƒ¨ī´īļī§īžī‚§īĸī€ŠīŊī€Žīšīƒ†īšī ī€¨īƒˆīŊīšī›ī—īœīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒ‹ī€Šīšīļīƒƒ
īąīžī€Ŗī§īēīšī‹īēīšīƒĄīƒīšī€Ģī€Ąī€Ēīī‚™ī€Ŧīƒīƒ‚īēīģī‚¸ī‚Žīšī›ī‚Šī€ŦīƒīƒĢīƒŒ
ī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īƒ”īēīƒī–īƒ”īŖīēī–īƒƒīŊī€Žīšī€ˇī‚īƒĢīƒ‚īšīĢīĄīšīšīƒ…ī‡īēī–ī€ļī€Ŧīąī‚ĸ
ī‚ƒī„ī‚ī‚žī´īƒ¸ī§īžī‚Šī‚ŦīšīļīŠī€­īƒ īŽīƒī™īƒ¨īēīģīšīļīƒ†ī€¨īƒˆīŊ
ī‚¸īƒ”īšīļīšīšīƒ…ī‚Šī‚ŦīŠīˇī‚™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīšīĢīƒ†ī€§ī€Ŧī€īšī‚¤ī€¯īƒĢī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīžī‚Šī‚īƒ‚
ī‚…ī‚ŽīƒŒī‚Šī‚ŦīŽī‘ī‚īēīģī‚ƒī€Ļī‚¸ī‚Ŋī‚ŠīƒŽī‚ī‚žīšīļī‚„īƒīƒ™ī‚Šīƒ„īƒ”ī‚Šī§ī‚Šīƒ”
ī‚¤ī‚Šīēī§ī‚™īƒ¤īēīšīƒ‘īƒŦīšīēī§īƒƒīƒ°īšī€Ģī‚ī€ˇī‚Žīšīƒī€ļī§ī‚™īŽī‚žī—īœīƒƒ
26
ī´ī‚ģī¸ī‚ĸīēī§ī‚™ī€Ēī€ĒīƒŦī˜ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚™ī€ĒīžīŧīīŠī‚™īŖī€Ēīƒ°ī‚ģīēīšī‚§īƒŦī‚žīšīšīƒ†ī€ģī–
īšīēīƒ‘ī‚Šī€ˇī‚ļī˜īēīģīŒīƒ‹īƒ‘īƒ…ī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī™ī‚™īšīēīƒ‘ī‚Šīƒĸī ī‚ģīĻī‚™ī€ˇīī—īœ
īŧīīƒąī€Žīƒ°īƒ…ī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī™ī‚™īƒˆīī¨ī‚¸ī‚žī—īœīƒĻīšīļī‚īƒˇīŊīĄ
ī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™ī€Ŧī‚žīšīļī‚ŦīœīƒˇīŊī€ģī–ī€¨īšīēīƒ‘ī‚Šī‚ŠīŊī—īœīƒƒīƒƒīƒ°īšīąī€­īƒŒīšī€¨īēīšī‚§
ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīžī€ˇīīƒ‡ī˜
ī‚‚īšī€°īīƒ˛īžīšīƒĸī¸īšī€°īīƒ¤īšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīī€ļī€Ŧī‚ģī‚°ī§īēīƒīĨīšīƒ īƒŦ
ī‚žīƒ‘īĩī‚ģī‚Ŧī•ī—ī‚¸īŠīƒšī‚ƒīšīƒŽī§īģīƒĸīĸīƒ…ī‚‚īžīšīƒĸī¸ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒ˛ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„
ī‚īŒīŒī´ī‚ƒī€Ļī€ĸī€¤ī‚Šī§īšīƒī‚¸ī¸īƒĸīĸīƒ†īšīēī€ąī™īšīļī‚¸īšīšīƒ†īšīƒ™īˇīƒ†ī‚ˆ
ī€­īšīƒ¤īšīĢīŠīƒĸī€ēīƒ†īƒŸīƒī–īƒ†ī‚ŠīƒŸī–īžī€Šī´ī€Ąī€Ēīī€¨īĨīšīƒ īƒ†īšīš
ī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīīƒ‡ī‚ƒī–īžīšīšīƒ…īƒƒīƒ°īŖī€Ēī‚Šīƒ‡ī§ī‚‡īƒŦī‚™ī€Ŧī€Šī€ļī‚žīƒ¸ī§īŊ
ī€ģī–ī€¨ī€ŦīŊī€¨ī€ŦīŊī€§īƒ—īšī§ī‚¯īƒąī™ī„ī‚īšīƒī‚§īĸīšīšīƒŸīƒī–ī‚ģī‚§īŠī‚ģī§īĻī§īš
īšīƒĨī€¨īīƒ§īšī˛ī–īƒ¤īēī€ģī–ī‚ļī‹īšī‚¯ī‚Šī‚īšīēī§īƒīƒ™ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒ†ī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī€ļī€Ŧīšī€ˇ
ī‚ī§īˆīƒŦī€Šī€ļīƒ¸ī§īŊī€ģī–ī‚Šīšī€ī€Ēī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒ”īšī’īƒ‘ī°īēī€Šīģī€¨īšī€ŖīŠī€­ī´
īƒŸīļīŠī€°ī€Ģīģī§īƒŦīšīĢī€¨īƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€­ī€ēī‚ƒīƒ°ī°īšīšī‚ļī‹ī€Ēī€Ēīīšīēī§īŖī€Ēī‚Šīƒ‡ī§ī‚‡īƒŦī‚™īƒ¤
īēīšīƒĄīƒŸīƒī–īƒ†ī€Ĩī™īƒ¤īƒ†ī‚ˆīšīēī§ī„īƒ†īšīŠī™īƒ¤īƒ†ī‚ˆī‚ŽīƒŸīļī—īƒą
ī€ąīēī‚˜ī‚Ēī€¨īšīšī‚ģī–īƒ…īšīēī§īšīšī€Ēī€Ēīƒąī–īƒ…ī€ˇī™ī€°ī€Ēīžīƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚Šīžī˜ī€Šī‚¸ī¸īƒĸīĸ
īƒ†īšīšī‡ī–īƒ†ī€Ēī€Ēī¸īēī‚Šīƒ”īƒŽīšīąīƒ”ī‚”īŸīƒ”īƒ‰ī´īƒ”īƒĢī€¨
īšī€°ī˜ī‚™īƒ˛īŧīīī€´īƒ¯ ī‰ī‡ī‡īīƒ†ī˛īžīƒ’īšī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚žīŧī
ī‚†īšīļī€°ī‚„īĢīƒąīƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīŧīī—ī‚Šī¸īƒ°īƒ†īĨī€ēīĄī‚¸īƒ¤ī‚ąīƒ†īƒ¤
27
ī‚ąīˆī–īšīšīžīƒī˜īƒ…ī€¨ī€Ŧīžī€¯ī€Ŧī‚ƒīŽīšīšīžī€ģīƒĸīƒ”ī‚‡īƒĸīƒ”ī‚™īƒ”īšīēī§
ī‚†īšī‚°īƒī‚¸ī˜ī‚ģī‚Ēī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī‚†īšīƒ’ī§īŸīƒĨīšīēī§īēī‚ŠīƒĨīƒŽī€ˇīŒīšīēī§ī€´ī€°īƒŽ ī˜ī…ī‡īšīļīƒŒ
ī‚šī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒ“ī¸ī‚¸īƒ‡ī–īƒ¤īĩī‚Šīšī§īžīšī€ˇīƒƒī‚ŠīŊī§ī‚ŋī‚ļī˜
ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒī‚Ŧī€Šīšīļīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€­ī‚ģīēīšī‚§ī´ī‚ƒīšī‚žīšīąī€­ī‚Šī§īšī§īēīƒ īšīļ
ī‚›īšī€ĻīƒŸīļī‚šīĨī”ī‚¸ī˜īšīēī§ī€¨ī€ŦīŊī­ī‚¸īšīēī§īšī€Ŗīēīģī€Ĩī‚Šīˆī´
īƒŸīļī—īēī§ī€°ī‚™īšīĢīƒ…ī‡ī€ļī€Ŧīƒ†ī‚‰īšīēī§ī§īēī€Ēī€Ēīƒ‹īƒ“īšīēī§īšīƒīŖī€Ēī‚Šī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēīƒ‘īēīąīˆīšīēī§
ī€¨ī€ŦīŊī€ĸīĩīšīēī§ī‚¤īŠī‚Šīģī‚ƒī‚‰ī˜īšī€Ģīƒ¤ī´ī‚ŠīŽī‚™īšī‚¨ī‹īƒŖīƒŸī§īīž
īšīšīƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīĢī—ī‚™īšīšīƒī‚šī‚žīšīĢī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒ…īŖī€Ēī‚Šīƒ‡ī§ī™ī–ī€ˇī‚‡īƒŦī‚™īĻīĨī‚Žīƒīƒ™
īēī‚‰īƒœīļī§īŊī‚‚ī´ī§īƒŦīšīēī§ī€ŋīšīƒī€ēīƒˆīƒŸīšīĢī§īšīƒąīƒƒī‰īˆīšī€Ģīƒ¤īšīĢ
ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒ…ī‚ĻīĢī€Ŧī‚¯ī‚™īšīšīƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīĢī€šīžī‚™ī‚Šīžī€Ļī‚ŠīŽī‚™ī´īƒŸīļīšīƒīŖī€Ēī‚Š
ī‚™ī„ī‚¸īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīīƒ†ī…ī€Ģī‚™īŊī§ī”ī‚¸īšī€Ŗīēīģī‚ƒī€ĻīšīĢīž
ī€§īˇī‚ƒī‚‰ī˜īƒ‚īšī€Ģīƒ¤ī‚šī€ŋī‚ƒī€Ļīƒƒī‚Œī–ī—ī€Ēī€Ēī€ˇī€ŦīĢīƒŦīšīĢīĄī€´ī‚ƒīƒ‡
ī‚žīžīšīĢīƒ…ī‚šīƒī‚ĻīĢī€Ŧī€Ŧī‚¯ī‚Šīēī–ī€ŋīšī€ˇīšīŒīšīēī–īžī§īƒ„īƒŸīšīēī§īēīģ
īšīĢī€ļī€ŦīƒŒī§īšīƒ¨ī‚ƒī‚‰īšīēī§ī´īƒŒī‚ƒī‚Šīˆīšī›īŠī€­ī´ī‚ĻīĢī€Ŧī€Ŧīšīēī§ī´ī€ĸī€¤ī‚ī§
īŖī€Ēī‚Šīƒ‡ī§ī‚„īƒ†ī‚¸ī˜ī€ąīšīšīƒ…ī‚Šīēīĩīžī€ąīžī™ī‚™ī€§ī€Ŧīšīƒąī§īšī‚„ī€Ļīšīšī‚„īƒ…
ī‚„ī‚Šīī‚ƒīƒ¤īƒīšīƒīēīšī‚§ī‚ƒī€Ļī‚īƒ›īšīƒąīŦī‚™ī‚‰īšīēī§īšīŒī€Ąī€Ēīœī‚Šīšī‚Šīēī–īƒƒīƒŒ
īšīšīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīī‚™ī‚™ī°ī‚ŠīƒŒī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īžī€§īˇī‚ƒī‚‰īšīšī‚ģī€Ēī€Ēī¸īēī‚ŠīƒĨīšīēī§ī‚¸īēīģ
ī‚Ēī€ĸī€¤īƒŦī”īƒ…ī€ˇī™īŊī€Žīšīƒ†īƒŽīšīƒ…ī‚ˆī˜ī‚‘ī´īƒ…īĨīšī‚„īšīĢīēī‚‰īƒœīƒīƒĄ
ī‚™īšī›īŠī€­ī‚˛ī›ī™īžīŊī€Žīšīƒ†īƒŽīšī‚Šīēīĩīēī–īƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€­īƒ‘īēīąī‚ƒī‚ˆīšīēī§ī‚‘ī´īŊī€Žīš
28
īƒ‚ī‚ˆīīƒ§ī€˛īšīļīšī‹ī‚Šī‚Ŧīžī‚˛īŽī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚žīƒˇīŊī§ī›ī€Ŋīšīēī§
īƒˇīžīšīēīƒ‘ī‚Šīƒƒī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒī˜īŊī€ŽīšīŖī€Ēīšī˛ī–īƒ¤īšīƒ’ī‚‘ī´īƒƒī€ĸī§īšīģī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€ĒīƒŦ
ī€Šīšī€°īīƒ˛ī‚ģī‚¯ī¸ī‚ģī‚ƒīšī€¨
29
īēīĄīšīēī§ī€´īƒ
īƒąī‚Žī‚Šīģī‚Šīēī§īžīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒƒīƒ°īƒ‚ī‚Šī€ļī€Ŧī‚„ī€Ļī‚ƒīƒ‚ī€Šīšīļīƒī€Ĩīšī‚Šī€Ŧīƒĸī 
īēīšīƒĄīšīƒī‚§īĸī‚§īĸīƒ†īĻīƒŽī„ī‚īšīēī§ī‚§īĸī‚§īĸīƒ…ī€ĸīƒ†ī–ī‚
ī‚ŠīŽīšīŒīƒ‘īŒī¯īŊīƒƒī‚žīĨī€¤īƒ īƒ¤īƒ…īƒƒīƒ’ī‚™ī„ī‚ī˜
īšī›īĻī§īšīŊī€´ī€ļī€Ŧīƒƒī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚ī‚Ĩī¸ī‚ƒīƒ‡īƒąī‚Žī‚Šīģī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒ…ī€ēīƒ‚īšīƒĸī¸
īšī€ąī‚īƒ˛īƒ¤īšīĢīƒ…īšī™īŠīī‚ŠīžīƒŦīšīēī§ī€ēī‚„īšīšīƒ…īŊīžīšīĢīƒ…īƒƒīƒ°ī–īˇī‘
īƒŦī€ģī–īŊī€´īƒ…ī‚ī§īƒ‚ī€ąī–īžī´ī‚ĸīēī§ī€ˇī€ŦīŠīƒŦī‚žī‚Žī‚ŋī´ī‚žī‚ž
ī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īƒ…īšī§īēīšīĸīąī‚ĸī‚īšīēī§ī™ī‚„ī‚īƒ‚īšī€¨ī‚ŋī‚ģī‚īƒ›ī‚ƒī™īƒąīƒ‡ī˜ī€ŠīƒĢīēīƒ˛
ī€Šī€ŦīšīŠī´īƒĢīēīƒ˛ī‚‡īƒ¨īģī–īƒ”ī¤īšī‚°īšīƒĢīēī€Šīģī€¨
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īŊī€Žīšī§īšī°ī‚Šī‚„īšī‚ģīŗī‚™ī€Ēī€Ē
ī‚Šīēī€˛īƒˇīžīƒ¸ī‚Ĩī–īƒƒīƒ§īŗī‚™ī€Ēī€Ē
ī‚Ļīšī€ąīšīƒ‘ī¤īƒąī‚Šīēī‚Šīžīƒ˛īƒ˛īƒ¤īˆī°ī›ī‚šīƒŦī˜ī˜ī˜ī”īƒƒīƒ‘īŧīī‚ˇ
īšīŒī‚•īžīĄīšī‚™ī‚‰īšīĢīƒ†ī‚ˆīšī€Ĩīšī™īēī‚Šī¸īšīēī§īĻī™īēī¸ī™ īī€
īƒ†īšīƒĢīšī‚Šīƒ¤īšīĢī§īēīšī īƒƒī€ŗī€Ēī€Ēīƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī˜īƒŽī—īēīšīƒĄī‚Šīƒĸī‚¨ī–īƒ
īƒŽī—ī‚ģī¨īšīēī§ī‚Šīƒšīēīšīƒ ī—īœī–īƒī‚Šīƒšī‚ģī¨īšīēī§ī€ąī€Ĩīēīšīƒ īŠī€Ąī€Ēīƒĸī–
īƒī€ąī€Ĩī‚ģī¨ī´ī‚™ī€ąī‚Šīˆī˜ī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īēī–īƒīƒĄī‚™īƒĻī§īƒīēīģīƒ•ī‚ƒī–īŠī€­
īƒīƒ™ī€¨ī‚›īƒĸī–īƒƒī€Ąī€Ēī‚‡ī‚°īģīƒīƒ˛īƒ…ī†ī€Ŧī‚šīī‚Šīžī™īƒ¤īƒī‚Šīˇīšīēī§ī‚Šīƒĸī˛īƒ”ī§īēīĸ
īšīēī§ī‚Ÿīƒ…īƒīƒ˛īšīšī€ļī€Ŧī€ˇī§īžī‚§īĸī‚™ī‚™ī‚Šīžī‚ˆī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īēīšīƒŸī–īƒ¤īšīŒī‚‚ī´
ī§īƒƒīąīšīēī§ī€žīŊī‚™īšīƒ†īƒīƒĸī€ēīĻī‚†īĄīšī‚™ī‚ŠīžīƒĻī§īƒīēīšīƒŸī–īƒ¤īŊī€Žīšī€ļī€Ŧī€´
īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī€´ī‚ģīŠīƒīƒ™ī‚Šīƒĸī‚¨ī–īžīšī€ī€Ēī§īšīģīƒ•īģīēīšīƒŸī–īƒ¤īŒīŒī‚ŗīƒŗīƒŗīƒ†
ī€Ĩīšī‚§īĒīƒƒī€Ēī‚™īƒ†īŒīŒīŦīĢīƒīƒ˛īƒŗīƒŗī‚ģīēīģīƒŽī´ī‚›īƒĸī–īƒ…ī‚¤ī€¯ī‚Šīƒĸī–
īžīĨīšīƒ‘ī”īƒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚ŠīģīŠīšīēī§ī‚¸ī§īžīƒŽī´īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ¤īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ†īĄīŒ
īšī˜ī‚Šī€ēīˆī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜īšī€Ŗī€Šīšīļīƒ†ī‚‚ī´īŠīŊīŠī€­īĩīŗī€§īšī€Ŗī€Šīšīļīƒ†
ī‚‚ī´īƒēīŠīƒ…ī‚§īĸī€ģī‚ī€Ąī€Ēī€°ī€Ģīƒąī™īƒ¤ī€§īšī€Ŗīšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ†ī‚‚ī´īƒ†ī€ģī‚
īšīēī§ī€°ī€ĒīƒŽī–īĄīƒŗī™īƒ¤ī€§ī˜īšī€Ŗīšī‚¨ī‹īšīšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ģīŊī€Žīšīšīēī§ī’īšī‚Šīšī€ī€Ēī€°ī™īƒą
īƒ…ī‚īƒ ī īšī€Ŗīšī‚¨ī‹īšī°ī‚Šīšī€Ĩīēī€´ī‚ģī•ī§īšīēī§īƒ‚ī›īšīļīēī€ŧīŒī§īƒŽīˇīšīļ
ī€ĸī€ĒīŠī‚Œīƒ›īšī§ī‚ŠīŊī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī™īƒąīšī€Ŗīšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒĻīƒī€°ī€Ēīĩīšīēī§īƒšīƒī€§ī€Ŧīžīšīēī§
īƒīƒī€˛īģī‚™ī€ąī™īƒąīšī€Ŗīšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ģī‚Ŧīšīēī§īšīĢīƒ…ī§īšīƒąīšīŽī‚Šī•ī€ēī‚„ī‚
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īŽīšīƒī‚§īĸīēīšīšī€Ŗīšīƒ‘ī‚¤ī‚Žī€Šī‚Œīƒ›īšī§ī‚ŠīŊīƒ ī™īƒąī”ī‚§īĸīŊī€Žīšī‚ģī‚Ŧīēīšīšī€Ŗ
īšīƒ‘ī‚¤ī‚Žī€ŠīƒŦīƒ”īƒ‚ī‘ī‚™
īƒŠī€­īƒī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī‡ī…ī‡
īŠī‚žīƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ…ī‚ŠīƒēīīƒīƒŦīƒąī¨īĄī‚‰īšīĢīƒ†
ī‚ˆīƒƒīƒ°ī¤īƒ”īšīƒœī‚šīƒ”ī§īēīąīƒŖī†ī€Ŧī‚šīĨī‚„ī€ˇīƒ¤īšīēī§īŠīēīšīˇīšīĢī‚ģīƒ‘īŠīƒ˛ī‚ŗ
īƒŦī˜
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īŧīīšīƒĸī¸ī§īšīŠīžīƒ˛
īŧīīšīƒĸī¸ī§īšīŠīžīƒ˛ī‚Žī‚‚īƒ‚ī€Ŧī‚œīžīƒ†ī‚ī§ī‚Ŧī‚īšī‹ī‚‚īŒ
īžī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŒīŒī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€˛ī–īƒ¤ī´īšī€°ī¸īēīšīēī•ī€ĒīšīšīŒīšī­īƒī™īšīēī§ī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īƒ…
īƒŸī§īī€ļī€Ŧī†ī€Ŧīšīƒšī‚¸īšīēī§ī´īƒŦīˇī‚™ī„ī‚¸ī‚žīšī€ŖīƒĢīšīšīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīīž
ī€§īˇī‚ƒī‚‰īƒ‚ī´ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīšīļīƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīĢīƒ¸ī§īžīƒ‹ī‚Žī€Šīēīœī§īŦī‚™ī€Ŧī‚‰īƒ”
īšīĢīƒ…ī–īˇīšīĢīŠīƒĸīƒ¤īžīšīƒ’īƒŸīƒī–īƒ†īšīŒī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īƒ…ī‡īƒī€§īą
īƒŦīšīĢīšīŽī‚Šīƒī‚žīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒĢīšīšī‡īēī–īƒ…ī—ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒīƒ‚ī´īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīĢ
īƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īƒ™ī‚ƒī–īƒī˜
ī‚‚ī‚Ĩī€Šī‚‡ī§īī€¨īƒ”ī—īœī‚ƒī§ī¨ī‚™īšī‚ģīŗī‚™ī€Ŧī‚žī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€´
īšīēī§ī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īžīˆī‚īƒ›ī´īƒŦī€ŋī‚ŧīƒŒī€ˇī™īƒ¨ī‚Žī€ĸī€¤īƒ…ī€ˇī™ī‚™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīēīģī´
33
ī€ˇī€Ļī‚žī´ī€ĸī€¤īšīƒī‚ŧī‚ŠīŊīƒ‡ī˜ī€ąīēīģī´ī€ĻīƒŦī‚žīšīĢīƒ†īƒēīƒƒīƒ°
īšī€Ģī‚¸īīƒŦī‚Žīšīƒī‚ŧī‚ŠīŊīƒī‚‰īƒĻī—īƒ‘īīƒ…ī€ˇī™ī‚™ī„ī‚¸ī‚‰
īšīēī§īšī¸īƒ…ī€ˇī™ī‚™ī„ī‚ī˜
īšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœī€ī€Ēī§īƒĩī‚ģīŸī‚ˇī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚īƒ˜ī‚­īƒ‡ī‚žīƒ‘īīšīļī‚ģī€¨īƒˆīģīƒĨ
īšīƒĸī¸īšī€°īīƒ˛īšī‹ī‚‚īžī‚˜ī‚ī‚žīƒ‘īīĨīƒ†īŠīƒĸīƒ¤īžīąīƒĻī–īƒƒī€˛
īƒļīŖī€Ēī‚™ī€ī€ĒīƒĨī˜ī—īœī‚Šī€Ēī‚ģīƒƒīƒ°ī€ĸī€¤īƒĄī‚īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžīƒŽī
ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚īšīƒī‚ŗī€ļī€Ŧīąīƒī‚žī‚Žī€ĸī€¤īƒĨī€ˇī™ī‚Šīˆīēīģīƒƒīƒ°īšīēī§ī€ˇīšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ģ
ī‚„ī€ĸī€¤īšīēī§ī‚¸ī€Ąī€Ēīī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īšīēī§ī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īžī€ˇī–ī€°ī€Ēīƒ°ī™īƒī‚ī˜
īšīƒīŽīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤īšī€ŦīēīĄīŖī€Ēīœī§īŦīƒī‰ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīƒŦīšīļ
ī‚ŦīœīƒŽī§īģīšī‚˛ī€Ĩīžī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŒīŒī€ģī–īˆīšīšīƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤īšīļīƒ†īƒŽīšī‚Šīēīĩīēī–īƒƒ
īƒˆī‚Šī‚Ŗī‚žīœī§īŦ ī īąī‚Šī‚Œīƒ›īšī§ī‚ŠīŊī§ī€ŗīƒŦīƒ”ī‚Žīœī§īŦī‚™ī€Ŧīƒī˜ī—īœ
īƒ“ī¸ī†ī€ŦīŊī€Žīšī‚„īƒ†īšī€¨ī§īžīƒŦīƒŗīƒŗī€ŠīƒŽī§īģīšī‚˛ī€Ĩī€°ī€Ēī§īģī€´ī€˛ī€¨īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ†ī‚ˆīšīļ
ī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤ī†ī‚Ŗīƒĸīī€ļī€Ŧī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚™ī€Ēīžīƒ‘īĩīƒī‰ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīƒŦī˜
īšīļī‚Ŧīœī€ŠīƒŽī§īģīƒƒī‚§ī€°ī€Ēī§īģī€˛ī€˛ī€¨īžī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŒīŒīšīēī§īŠī€°ī€ĢīŊīšīēī§
īšīš ī ī€Ĩī‚ŠīŊī€§ī€Ŧīšī€§ī€Ŧī€ˇī‚ƒīī¨īšīļī”īƒƒīĨīŒīƒŦī‚’īšī‚ŠīƒĒīƒŦīšīēī§ī—īœ
īƒŸīƒī–īƒƒī€ˇī‚‹īī¨ī‚Žī‡īēī–īžīƒĻī‚¯īšī‚īƒŗīƒŗ
īšīƒĸī¸īšī€°īīƒ˛ī‚‚ī‚™ī„ī‚ƒīƒąī‚˜ī‚īŒīŒīšī§ī‚īƒĄī‚Šī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒąīƒ°īšīēī§ī‚ģī‚īƒ›ī€§ī€Ŧīšī€§ī€Ŧ
ī€ˇī”ī‚§īĸīšī€°ī€ĢīŠīšīēī§ī‚Šī€¸īƒ”īšī€°ī€Ģī‚ƒīšīšīēī§ī§īēīƒīƒ”ī‚‚ī´īšīēī§ī‚Šīƒ°īœīƒ”īŠī€°ī€Ģīģīšīēī§ī€Ĩī‚Šīģ
ī€§ī€Ŧīšī€§ī€Ŧī€ˇī”ī‚§īĸīšīšīąīēī–īžīŠīŊīēī—ī‚īšī‚ģī‚īƒ›ī´īƒŦīƒąīƒ°īƒŠī—īœī–
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īēīšīƒĄīƒ†īšī™īƒĄīƒ†īšīēī§ī‚‚īƒąīƒ†īšīēī§īŠī€°ī€ĢīŊīƒ†īƒŦī€§ī€ŦīƒœīŗīšīĢīƒ†ī‚ģī‚īƒ›
īƒŠīšīąī€­īšī€°ī€Ģīƒąīƒ†īēīšī€°ī€Ģī‚ƒīŊīƒ†īšīēī§īƒŸīĸīēīšīƒ ī‚¤ī€¯īƒ˛īƒ†īĄī˜
īšīļī€ĻīĨīƒŦī‚‹ī‚ŠīŊī‚ĒīšīĢī‚§īĸī‡ī§īƒ…īƒ‚ī€Ŋī‚ŠīŊī‚žīƒī‚™īŠīˇīƒŒī‚™ī€ī€Ē
ī™īƒąī˜īƒ‚ī‡īēīšīƒŸī–īƒƒī€ˇī‚‹ī™ī‚Ēī”ī‚§īĸīƒƒīƒ°ī€Ĩīƒ¤īƒ†ī‚ˆī‡īžī‚Šī€Ģ
ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī™īƒąīƒ‚īšīƒīƒĨī§ī€Ēī€Ēī€ĸīƒŽī‚ŠīƒŦīšīƒī‚§īĸīƒąī§ī‚īšīšīƒ†īĄī€īšīĨī€¤ī€ĸ
ī‚ģī§īƒŦī˜
īƒŽī§īƒ’ī‚ĩīšīĩīšīŒīšīēī§īēīĄī€ē
īšīļī‚ŦīœīƒŽī§īģī‚ĩīšīĩīšīŒīžīƒŒīšī€ŦīēīĄīƒī‰ī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚Ŧ
ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦīŒīŒī—īœī‚īƒ›īƒĸī‚Šī‚Ŗī˜īƒƒī€ŋīŊī€Žīšīƒ†īƒŽīšīąī‚Šī‚Œīƒ›īšī§ī‚ŠīŊī§īƒŦī‚ƒīĻī§īšīšīšīƒƒ
īƒĨī§īēīƒ‚ī‚īƒŽī€Šī‡ī€¨īēīģī€ēī€ŋīƒī€ąīƒƒī‚Šīēī§ī‚™īƒ¤ī‚ģīšī€¨ī§ī§īŽī°ī‚ī€ēīšīĢīƒƒ
ī€¤ī€Ģī€Ĩī‚ģīƒĢī´īƒŸīļī‚žī˜īƒƒī´īƒĨī§ī§īƒŦī‚īēīģī°ī‚ŠīšīŒī§ī›īƒ…ī‚§īŗīĻī§ī€Ŋ
ī€ŠīēīĄī€¨īĨīƒ°ī€Ļī€Ģī§īƒŦī‚ī‚žīšīšīžīƒƒīšīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģīˆī›ī€Ļī€´ī€ĩīƒŠ ī…ī…ī‡īƒŦī€ŠīƒŽī§īģī‚ĩ
īšīĩīšīŒī€°ī€Ēī§īģī€ĩī€ąī€¨ī˜īƒˆī‚™īŗīƒŦī‚žīšī€Ŗīēīģī°ī‚Šī‚Ŧī€¤ī€Ģī‚īƒ‚īąī‚Šī™īƒ°
ī‚ƒī‚‰īšī€Ŗīēīģī°ī‚Šī‚„īšīļīƒ†īšī ī‚īƒ‚īšīēī§īēī–īƒƒīˆīƒƒīšī€Ģīģī‚ŠīŊīī¨ī‚ī˜
ī‚Šī€Ēī‚Ŋīƒ†īƒĻī—īŊī€Žīšīƒ†īƒŽīšī˜ī‚­ī–īƒī‚Šī‚ŦīŽīƒĸīŸī§īƒŦ
ī‚īšīēī§īšī‰ī‚˛ī›īƒŒī˜īƒī‚Šī‚ŦīŽīƒĸīŸī‚¸īēīģī€ĻīŽīƒ…īŠī–ī‚īšīąī€­
ī€ĸī§īēīĸīšīēī§ī€ĸī€Ŋī‚‘ī‚‡īī‚ŠīēīĩīŊīēīģī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīŖī€Ēī€ļī€ŦīƒŒīƒ‡ī§īšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ŽīšīĢ
ī‚Šī€Ēīƒī™ī ī‚ī‚ŠīŊīēīģīĨīšīģīšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚Žī°ī‚Šīƒ‚ī‚™īŊī‚ƒīƒąī‚¸īšīēī§
ī‚Šīēīĩīēī–īƒƒīƒŒī‚—ī¨ī‚™ī‚‰ī‚ĢīŽīƒ†īąī‚Šīēī–ī‚ģīƒ‚īšīŒī‚Ŧī€¤ī€Ģīēī–īƒ…ī‚Šī‚ŦīƒŽī–īƒ
35
ī€ĸī‚¸ī§ī¸ī‚Ēīƒīƒ™ī‚„īƒŦī§īƒŦī‚ŠīēīĩīžīŽīƒ†īąī‚Šī‚Žīšīļīƒ†ī€¨īšīēī§ī€ļī€ŦīƒŒīƒ‡ī§
īšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚¸īƒ‚īšīšīƒ†īĄī€ĸī‚¸ī§ī‚īƒ…ī‚Šīēīēī‚Žīģī‚īšīąī€­ī´ī‚žīēīģīšīļī¸ī–īƒ†
ī€ģī–īšīĢī‚Ŧīƒīžī‚ī‚˜ī–īšī‚¨ī‹īƒŖī—īēīšīŠī€Ŧī€§ī€Ŧīšīģī§īšī‚„ī€ĻīšīšīŠī€­ī€ˇīą
ī‚ŠīēīĩīŊī´ī‚žīšīļī‚Ŧīœīšīēī§īšīĢīƒ†ī‚īƒ›ī‚ēīƒŒīšīšīƒƒī´īšī€ēīąī€ˇīƒ ī„ī‚ž
ī˜īƒŸīƒī–īƒƒīēīģī‚‚ī§īžī€¯īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒĸī‚‰ī€˛ī„ī§īƒŦīēīģīšī›īšīšīšīšī‚„
īƒī‚Šī‚ŦīŽīƒĸī€¸ī€­ī§īƒŦī‚īšīĢīĄī‚žīšīĢīšī€ēīąīƒī€¨ī€Ŧīŧī‚™īšīšīƒƒī‚œī€Š
īƒ īƒ¤īēīšīƒ īƒƒīƒ°īąī€ˇī‚ƒī€¤īƒ‹īšīēī§īšīļī¸ī–īšīŒīšīšī€¨īƒˆīēī–īƒ…īšī§īēīšīĸīƒƒ
ī€ąī‚Šīĸī‰ī€ˇī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ŠīžīŽīƒ†īąī‚Šīēī–īƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžīšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœī‚¨ī§
ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚īƒ˜ī‚­īƒ‡ī‚žīšīšīƒ†ī€ĸī‚¸ī§ī‚īƒ…īƒŒī‚Šīēīēī‚Žīģī‚ī‚Ģī´ī‚žīēīģ
ī†īƒąī–īƒ…īˇīƒīšīļīƒ†ī€ģī–īƒˆī‚ī‚˜ī–ī‚Šī€Ēīƒ…īƒƒīƒ°ī—īēīšīŠī€ˇī™ī€¤īƒ‹
ī‚Šīēīĩīžīēīēī´ī‚žīšīļīšīēī§īšīĢīƒ†ī‚īƒ›ī‚ēīƒŒīšī€ˇī´īšī€ēī‚Ŧīī€ˇīƒ ī„ī‚ž
īļī§īšīĩī‚Šī€Ēīžī°ī›ī‚ģī¸ī›ī‚ƒī§ī€ģīƒŦīšīēī§īƒŸīļīļī§īŊīƒēī‚ģīąī‚Š
ī‚¯īƒąīƒ†ī‚īšīĢīĄī‚žī´ī€Ąī€ĒīīšīĢīƒ†īĄī€Ąī€Ēī‚¯ī€Šīƒ¤īī‚ƒīƒīšīēī§
īŊī€Žīšī‚Ŧīœīšīšī‚Ēī€žī–īƒƒīƒīƒ™ī‚Ļī€¯ī°īŦī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēī€ˇīĨīŒī˜
ī°ī‚Šī‚„īšī‚ģīŗīƒīˆīŊī€Žīšī€
īšī‚¤ī€¯īƒĢī‚˛īŽī‚™ī€Ŧīƒīƒ‚ī„īĨī€¤ī‚ƒīƒ
36
ī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒļīŸī‚Šī‚Šīžīƒ˛
īƒĻī—ī™īąīƒ†īƒ‘īĩīƒ…īŧīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒ˛
īƒļīŸī‚Šī‚Šīžīšī‹ī‚ī§īƒ‚ī›īƒīšīī‚žīžī‚˜ī‚īŒīŒī‚Šīēīĩīšī‚¤ī€¯īēīģī‚˛ī›
ī™īąīƒ†īƒĻī—ī‚ģīƒŦīēīģī‚›īƒĸī–īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īšīĢī¯īģīžī€ĩī‚¸ī‚ž
īŠīŊīēī—ī‚ī–īžī‚Žī€¨ī€ŦīŊī€¨ī€ŦīŊī‚Ĩīƒƒīī‚ƒī„ī‚īšīšīƒ…ī„ī€Ģīƒ›ī°ī‚Šīšīļī‚Ŧīœ
ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī€ī€ĒīƒŦīšīšīƒ†īŠīēī€­īƒ†ī‚Ÿīžīƒ‹ī‚Šīēīĩīžī‚īƒƒī‚ŧīƒŒī‚Šī€´ī€ˇī€ą
īšīĢīƒī—īƒīšīšīƒƒī‚›īƒĸī–īƒ†ī¯īģīƒ¨īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒīšī€ĨīŗīƒĨīƒ”īšīšīƒ†ī¯īģī‚ģ
īƒœī‚žī´īƒŦī‚žīēīģīƒĢī‚¸ī‚žīšīļīƒ†ī‚‰ī€¨īƒˆīŊī‚īī–īƒ¤īšī‹
ī€¯ī€Ŧīšīļīƒ…īŖī€Ēī‚Šīžīƒœīŗī˜īšīēī§īēīģī‚ģī¸ī‚™ī„ī§īƒŦī˜ī”īƒ…īēīēīƒīšī€ˇ
īšīļīƒ†ī€ģī–ī€¨ī€Ŧīšī‚Šī§īēīšīēī§ī‚Œīƒ›ī›īąīƒī‚ƒīšīšīĢīĄīšīĢīƒ¤īšī€ˇī€ˇīƒ’ī‚šīƒ¯
ī…ī‡
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īēīšīƒŸī€ēīƒīĩī‚īƒ›īšīŠī‚ŠīŖī€Ēīšīēī§īšīšīƒƒīšīĢī‚Ŧīƒīƒ†ī‚‰ī‚Ĩīƒƒīī‚ģīšī€¨ī§ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēīšīēī§īšīĢ
īĄīēīģīšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīīƒ†ī€Ŧīšī§ī‚ī‚žīƒĢīšīšīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīī‚™ī€ŦīšīĢīƒ…ī–īˇīēīģī´
īƒ’īšī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚žī”ī‚§īĸīšīąī€­ī€¨ī€Ŧīšī¸ī€Ąī€Ēī‚Šī‚īƒĄīģīšīŒīƒĸ
ī€Ģī‚ī€ŗīƒ°
ī‡ī‡
ī–īžīšī€Ŗīƒ‹
īšī€Ŧī‚ŋīƒ…īŊī€Žīƒĸīīƒī°īŦī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦī”īƒ¤īšīŒī—īœīƒƒīšīĢīƒ†ī‚Šīšīƒ°
ī‚žīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īēīšī¨ī‚™ī§ī€ŗīƒŦīƒ‚īšīĢīƒƒīƒ‹īƒŸī€¯ī‚ģīąīƒī‚¯ī‚ŠīƒĒīƒŦīšīēī§īšīĢ
īƒŸī€¯īƒ†īƒ§ī€ĩīīžīƒīƒ™ī‚§īĸī‚ģī‚Ĩīŗī‚™īƒ¤ī‚ģīšīĢīƒƒī€ˇī§īšīšī€¨ī§ī‚ŠīŊ
ī‚ŠīƒĒīƒŦīšīĢīƒŸī€¯īƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī‚°īēī–ī‚ģī´ī‚īƒ›īŽīƒŦī‚žīēīģī‚Šīˇīēī™īšīƒīšīĢīƒ…
īšī‚¤ī‚Žī€Šī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§īšīĢīƒ†īēīƒƒī‚Šīšī§ī§ī‚īšīƒī‚§īĸīšī€ŖīŠī€­īƒĢīšīšī€§ī€Ŧī‚Ļī€¯ī¨ī€Ģīƒ‡īšīƒ¨
ī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒ‡īģīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€­ī‚ģī¨īšī‚Šīšī€ēī‚™ī€Ŧī€§ī€Ŧīšīģī§īšī‚„ī€Ļī¨ī‚Ŧīœīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēī€ĸīƒŽī‚Š
īƒŦī€Šīƒ¸ī§īŊī€ģī–īšīąī€­īģī­ī‚īƒ›ī‚ēīƒ…īƒŒī‚¸īƒŽīĄīƒŦī€¨īƒ‰īŧī´īƒŦ
ī‚žīšīĢīƒ…īĻīšīīšī‚ŠīĢī‚ģī‚Šī§īēīšīĢī‚Šī§ī‚—īƒŦī‚žīƒĢī€§ī€Ŧīšīģī§īšī‚„ī€ĻīšīĢīƒ…ī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒ‡īģ
īšī‚ŠīĢī€Ąī€Ēī§īŖī€Ēī›ī‚ƒī‚„ī€ˇīī¨īšīēī§īšīšīƒ†īƒ‚īƒ‹īƒ†ī€Ĩīƒ¸ī§īŊīĄīšīĢī‚ģ
ī‚Œīƒ›ī›īąīƒī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēī€Ēī€ĒīĨī€ˇī‚ģī›ī€Ąī€Ēī§īžī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤īšīŒī‚¯ī¸īŦīĢīžīšīš
īƒ†īšīĢī¯īŊīƒ…īšīšīšīƒ–ī°īžī†ī€Ŧī€ŠīƒŖī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒ°īƒŦīŒīŒīƒĢīƒ‚īšīšīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīīƒœīŗ
īšīĢīĄī‚™ī„ī‚ī‚žīēīģīƒĢīƒƒīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ†ī‚Œīƒ›ī¤ī€¤īƒ ī‚Šī€Ŧīƒīƒŗīƒŗīšīšī‚ģī´īƒŒ
ī¯īģīƒĨī‚žī´īąī‚Šī˜īƒƒīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ†ī‚Œīƒ›ī›īąīƒī‚™īƒ¤ī‚ģīēīĄī‚¯ī„ī‚¸
īƒ¸ī§īŊī‚ƒī€ĻīšīĒīšīˇīƒ†īąī‚ĸī€Ēī€Ēī‚ĸīšīēī§ī‚ƒī€Ļī‚ŧī†ī§īšīēī§ī™ī‚…ī‚īšīĢīĄ
īšī€ŖīƒĢīšīšīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīī‚™īƒ¤īƒīšīšīƒ…ī°īƒ™īąīƒī‚™ī‚īƒīƒ‚īēīģīšīļī‚Ŧīœ
īƒ†ī€ģī–īƒ¸ī§īžīƒ‹ī‚Žī€Šī‚™ī€Ŧīƒīšīšī‚ģī´īƒŒī¯īģīƒĨī˜
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ī‚žī´īƒ¸ī§īŊīąīžī€Ŗī§īēīšīšīēī§īƒ‚ī‚¤ī‚ī˜īšī˛ī–īƒ¤īƒŸī†ī€ŦīšīŦ
ī‚™īšīšīąī‚Šīēī–īƒ…īƒąī§ī‚ģī–ī‚¯ī§ī‚ŋī‚‰ī˜īƒƒīēīģīˆī€Ąī€Ēīšī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒ‡īģīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€­ī‚ģī‚‚
ī‚ī‚¸ī˜ī‚Šīēīĩīžī€¨ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŒīŒīēīģīƒŸīļī€Šīšīļī‚ģīĨīˆī‚™ī„ī‚¸ī˜īšīĢ
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ī‚‚ī‚ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīšīšīƒƒīŦīĢīšīēī§ī˛īĩī‚™ī‚™ī‚Šīēī§ī‚Šīēī§īƒīšīšīƒ…īŠīŖī€Ēī§īīƒ†īĄī™ī„
ī‚¸ī˜īšīēī§īšīĢīŠīŖī€Ēī§īīƒƒīŊī€Žīšīƒąī‚Ŧīœīƒ†ī‚Œīƒ›ī›ī‚ģīƒąīšī€ŖīƒŦīˇī‚™ī„ī‚¸ī˜
īƒ‘ī€ŧīƒ¤īšī€ˇīšī€¨ī‚™īƒ¤īƒī‰ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīīƒ§ī‚Žīƒ…īšīąī€­īĩī§ī€¤īƒŦ
ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īƒŽīšīƒąī€Ļī€Šīī€Žīƒ†īƒ‹ī‚Ŗī¸īƒ…īŠīŖī€Ēī§īīƒ† ī īŒīŒī—īƒ€ī
īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒ°ī‚Ēī‹īšī‚žīšī¸īƒ” ī īĄī€ēīžīˆī™īƒąīƒŗīƒŗīšīšī€Šīī€Žīƒ…ī€Ŋīƒ´ī‚—ī§
īšīēī§ī‹ī‚šīīšī™īĢī˜ī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒļīŸī‚Šī‚Šīžīƒ˛īƒ¤īšī‹īƒ‚ī› ī ī‹ī´īž
īŒīŒī€¤ī‚§ī€ģī€­ī€ŠīƒŠ
ī‡ī…ī˜ī‡īīšīƒ…ī€ģī€°īƒŽ ī˜ī‡īƒŗīƒŗīžī‚–īƒŦī‚ŽīƒŸīļīšī’īŖī€Ēī‚‚īƒ‘ī§ī€Ļī‚Šīƒ†ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī™ī„ī‚
īŖī€Ēīšī€Ŧī‚„ī‚ŠīēīĩīŊī‚Ŗīƒĸīī€ļī€Ŧīąī„īƒĸī īƒ†īĄī™ī„ī‚īšīšī‚ģīĢīˆīģī
īšīēī§īŠī€Ēī€Ēīƒī€¨ī€Ŧīŧī‚™īƒŦī´ī‚ģī¸īšīēī§ī°ī‚Šī‚‚ī‚īąī‚Šīēī–īƒ…ī€ˇī™īšīąī€­ī‚„ī€Ąī€ĒīīƒŦ
ī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‡īƒ‘īīšīēī§ī‚ŗīƒ˛īƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€­īƒ…īƒĸī€ŖīƒŦī˜
īƒ†ī īšī›īĻī§īšī´īƒŽī‡ī‚žīšī€Ŗī€§ī€ŦīˇīžīĻī™ī‚™īšī¸īƒīžī‚Šīšī€Ŗ
ī¯īŖī€Ēī‚™ī„ ī ī‚Šīƒ‘īĸī€ˇī‚™ī„ī‚īƒ‚īƒĢī‚ī‚žī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒ˛īžī‚Šīšī€Ŗ
ī‚¸ī˜īƒ‚ī‘īšī€ˇīĨīŖī‚žī‚Žīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī€Šī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒ˛ī€¨īƒ¤ī‚šīƒŦīšīšīƒ…īƒīƒ™
ī€Ąī€Ēīī€ŋī‚ŋī‚™ī€Ŧī´īˆī‚žīšīŒīƒˆīƒ…ī€Ąī€Ēīīƒ‚īƒĄīƒ īšī€Ŗī¨ī€Ąī€Ēīīƒ…ī€Ąī€Ēī§īž
ī—īƒ°īƒ‚ī´ī‰īƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚žīƒĢīšīšīƒ†ī‚Ēī€ˇī‚ī‚Žīšīšīƒ…īƒīƒ™ī€Ąī€Ēīī€ŋī‚ŋ
39
ī‚™ī€Ŧī˜ī´īŗīƒŦīƒ†ī—īœīŧīšīī€Šī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžī€¨ī°ī‚Šīƒƒīšīƒĸī¸īšī€ąī‚īƒ˛ī‚ģī‚ĒīƒĢ
ī‚ī€ąī—īœī‚ŋīƒ‚īšī‚Ŗī§ī‚Ÿīģīšī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžīƒ…ī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‚ī–ī€ŋī‚™ī„ī‚īšīƒĸī¸īšī€ąī‚īƒ˛īƒ…
īŊīžīƒ‚ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‡īƒī‚ŧīƒĸī ī‚ģī‚ŽīšīŠīƒ‚ī€ˇīī˜ī—īœī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžīŧīšīīƒƒīš
īƒīŊīƒ¨ī€´ī€ļī€Ŧī‚ŋī‚™ī„ī‚ī˜
īīŠī€ēīƒ˛ī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒ˛īƒ¤ī‚ŠīŖī€ĒīƒŦī€Šī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊ
īžī€¨īšīƒšīŠīƒ‚ī‚īƒĄīšī€Ģīƒ‹īŒīŒīēī€ģī€ĄīƒŗīƒŗīƒąīƒŸīžīƒ¤īƒŒī€ˇī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜ī´ī€ēīƒ˛īšī˛ī–
īƒ¤ī‚…īšīš ī īƒ¤īšīƒŽīēīƒī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī™īƒ¨īƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊīƒ‘īŧīī‚ˇī€
ī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‚ī–īƒī‰ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēī˜
ī´īēī‚„ī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒ˛ī‚ī˜īƒ…ī‚„ī§īšīī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžīŧīšīīƒ¤īšī‹
īƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžī´īˆ ī ī‹īēī–īžī—īēī­ī€Ŧīšī–īƒ…ī‚ƒīƒ°ī‚ī‚Ēīƒīžī‚Šīšī€Ŗ
īšīąī€­ī‚¸īˇīƒ‚īšīšī‚ģī—īœīƒƒīšī™īƒŽī€ąī´ī€§īƒ—īšī§īēī–ī€ļī€Ŧī€ēī™īƒ¤īēīšīƒ ī‚„ī§īšīīƒŒīšī‹
ī‹īēī–īžīƒŽīŽīƒ‚īī€¤ī€Ąī€ĒīīĢī‚ŽīƒŦī˜
īšī›īšīĢīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžī€Šī‚Ēī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒ†ī€¨īšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīƒ‹ī€§ī€Ŧīˇīž
ī‚Ŧīƒīƒī€ˇīƒĸīƒ‚īēīģī‚žīƒ‡ī‚žīƒœīŗīƒŸīƒ†ī‡ī–īƒƒī‚„ī€ˇī‚ģī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒŦī€ą
ī´ī€Ąī€ĒīīŖī€Ēī‚Šī§īƒŦī‚žī”īąīžīŊī€Žīšīƒ…īƒŒīīžīƒīƒ‹īƒšīƒƒīƒĸīšī€ą
ī™īƒąīŊī€Žīšīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīīƒ…ī‚§īĸī‚ģī‚ģī¸ī”īƒ†īĄī‚™ī€ŦīŊī€Žīšī‚ģī¨ī‚„ī‚Šīī”
īƒ‹īƒƒī‚ŠīŊī‚Šī€Ŧīƒ”ī”īƒƒīƒŒīŊī€Žīšīƒ†ī‚Ŗī¸ī€ļī€Ŧīƒ¨ī‚Šī€ŦīēīģīąīĨīƒŦī€§īƒ—īšī§ī‚ƒī‚‚īģ
ī‚ƒīƒ”īģīƒ•īģī‚ƒīƒ”īƒƒīƒ°īŖīƒ”ī€Ĩī‚”īƒ”īī‚ƒīšīēī§īšī€ˇīƒ‹īƒŸī§īīƒŒīŊī€Žīšīƒ†īƒ‘īąī€­
ī‰īšīƒ¤īēīšīƒĄīŊī€Žīšīƒ†ī€´ī€Ŧī‚Šīąī€­īƒĻīĩīšīēī§ī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī‚„ī€Ļī‚ƒī™ī„ī‚īšīœīĢīƒ‚
40
īšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīī‚ģīƒŦī‚žīŒīŒī€ĩī§īēī‹īƒŗīƒŗī‚Ēīƒšīƒ†īƒšī§īžīĻī™īƒ¤ī—ī īŠī€­īƒŸīƒī–īƒƒ
īƒ‘īĩīšīēī§ī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžī‚¸īƒīŖī€ĒīƒŦī‚žīƒ‹īąīƒ†ī‡ī–īƒƒī€žīģ
ī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēīƒ”ī€ģī§īēī€Ēī€Ēī°īƒ’īƒŽī€Ēī€Ēīšīēī§īšīšīƒ†ī—īƒī­ī€ĨīŠīēīŊī­ī€ĨīŠī€Ēī€Ēī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īšīēī§
īƒ‘īĩīƒŦīšīšīƒīƒĻī‚Šīƒ”ī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēī€Ĩīšī‚Šī€Ŧīƒĸī‚‰īšīļīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īƒ‘īąī€­ī‰īšī€Ēī€ĒīƒŦ
ī°ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒī€¨ī€ŦīŊīšīēī§īƒ§ī€Ēī€Ēīĩī€ĸī€¤ī‚ģīƒ˜ī€ēīƒīŖī€Ēī‚Žīšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ģī€ĸī€¤īƒŦī‚Žīƒ˛
ī™īƒŒī€ˇī™ī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦī˜īšīēī§ī€Ĩīƒ†īƒŒīƒ‰ī€Ĩīƒ¤īƒ†ī‚ˆī„īƒ™īšī§īēī–ī‚‚īˇīąī‚Šī‚¯
ī§īŒīƒŦī™īƒ¨īƒŸī‚ģī€ĸī€¤īƒ‚ī—īēīšīŠī‚ŠīŊī‚™ī€ˇī‚šī€ī€Ēī€ąīšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ†ī€ĸī€¤ī‚ģī´īąīˇ
īƒŦī‚žīƒ‘īƒ…ī–īšī‚¨ī‹īƒĸī–īƒƒīšīąī€­ī€¨ī€ŦīŊīšīšīšīžīšī–ī‚™īƒ†ī°ī‚Šī‚Ēī€ļī€Ŧī­ī€Ĩīŧī‚™
īˆīƒŦīŒīŒīžīļī§īšī§ī›ī‚ƒī–īƒŗīƒŗīƒ‚īƒ‘īƒ…ī–īšī‚¨ī‹īšīšīĢīƒ†ī°īŗīƒīĨī§ī‚™
ī€žīŊīžī‚¤ī€¯ī™ī„ī‚īšīēī§ī‚īƒ›īƒēīšīƒ…īŊī€Žīšīƒ°ī€ļī€Ŧīšīšīšīƒ‘ī‚™īĩīšī–ī„īšīēī§ī™īšīƒ…
īƒ­īĨī€¤ī€°ī€Ēī„ī‚īƒ‚ī‚Ēīƒīƒ™ī‚ƒīšī‚žī‚ƒī€ĻīƒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī™īšīšīēī§īšīšīšī‚ģī‚Šīƒ”īƒ‚īšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚ģ
ī€ĸī€¤īƒŦī—īœīĻī§īšī‚¨ī§īƒīƒŽīļīšīēī§īšīšī€°ī€Ģīšī§īžīƒī‚Žīšī›ī‚Šī€Ŧī‚žī‚Žī€ĸī€¤
ī€ļī€Ŧī‚„ī€ĻīŖī€Ēī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī‚„ī€Ļī€ĸī€¤īŖī€Ēī‡īƒ…ī€ˇī™ī‚™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīēīģī´ī€ˇī€Ļī‚žī€ĸī€¤īŖī€Ēī‡ī‚ŧīƒŦ
īēīģīƒ‚ī‚Žī€Ēī€Ēī¸īšīĢīƒ¤īšī€ˇī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚ƒīšīƒŦī‚Ēīšīļīƒ†īƒ‹ī€¨īƒˆīŊī‚ģī‚‰
īžīŒīŒīƒ‘īīƒŗīƒŗī‚ģī‚ŦīĻī‚™ī‚™ī›ī‚ƒī–ī‚´ī€Šīšī„īˇīƒ˛īƒ¤īˆī°ī›ī‚šīƒŦī€ē
ī‡ī–īƒī‚īƒƒīšīšī€ŦīŊī€Žīšīƒī€Ēī€Ēī‘īšīž
ī€Ŋīƒīƒ‚ī‚īšīēī§ī‚ģī‚īƒ›īžīˆīƒŦ
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īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī€°ī€Ģīēīžīšīēī§ī¯īģīƒ‚ī‚Š
īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī€°ī€Ģīēīžī¯īģīƒ¨īƒ‚ī‚Šī€ļī€ŦīšīŒīƒŦīˇī‚ģīšīƒ–ī§ī‚™ī„ī‚ƒīƒąīˆ
ī°ī›ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŒīŒīĨīƒŦīƒ¸ī§īšī¯īģīƒ¨īƒ‚ī‚Šī†ī‚ŠīƒŸī–īžī¤ī‚ƒī€ąīšīĢīƒ†
īĄīƒĢīƒ‹īšī‚‹īšīŽīƒ…īƒīģī€ˇī‚īƒī‚šī‚ĩīƒĢīšīąī€­īŊī€Žīšīƒƒīƒĸī‚…ī‚īšīĢīƒƒīšīƒ
ī§īšīŠī´īƒ”īƒĻī‚Šīƒ‡ī§īšīēī§īąīƒ˛ī‚ī‚ī™īƒ¨īƒ¸ī§īŊī€´ī€Ŧī‚Šīąī€­īƒ‚ī‚Šīšīƒī‚Šī€Ģīƒ”ī§īēīĸ
ī‚Šī€Ģīƒ”ī‚Ēīƒīƒ™ī‚Šī€Ģī‚„ī€ˇīƒŦī‚Žī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī‚œīƒ…īšīąī€­ī—īĨī€¤īƒīƒˆī–īƒŦīƒ‰īšīĢī‚ģ
ī‚īšī­ī‚Šī€ĸīƒīƒŒīƒŦīƒĢīšīšīƒŸīƒī–īƒƒī‚Žī‚œī€­ī–īƒī€Šīšīļīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€­
īžī€§īˇī‚­ī—ī§īƒŦī‚ī‚Šīƒēīī‚Šīƒ¯ī‚ī‚žīēīģīšī‚īšī¸īēī‚ŧīƒļīƒ†īƒ“ī¸
ī§īŒī€¨ī€ŦīŊīĸīƒīƒ™īƒƒī§ī¨ī‚™īšīąī€­ī€Ĩīƒģī‚ĸīēīšīšīšīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īšīŒī€ļī€Ŧīēī§ī‚Šīƒ‡ī§
īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī­īĄīšī‚™īƒ†īƒ‚ī‚Šī‚īšīĢīƒīƒŸīƒŽīƒ¤ī‚ģī‚ŗī¸īƒ‚ī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§īšīĢīƒ…
ī‚Šī§īī‚ģīŽī€ļī€Ŧī‚Ŋīēī‚īƒ‚ī‚™ī€Ŧī‘īšīĢīƒŸī§īīžīšī‚¤ī€¯īšīĢīƒ…ī§ī‚¤īšīšīƒ…
ī§īƒ‰īƒ°ī€ēī‚™ī€Ŧīšīšīƒ…īƒĻī‚Šīšīēī§ī‚žīīƒ†ī˜ī‚™ī—ī‚īšīƒī€ēīšī†ī€Ŧī€Ŧīšīēī§īšīĢ
42
ī¯īŊīžīēīģīšīąī€­ī‚§īĸīƒ…ī‚¯īīģī­ī‚ģīšī‚Šī§īšīĩī€ēī‚™ī€°ī€ĒīŽīƒ‚īšī€ˇ
īšī™īŠīīƒŦī‚žī”ī—ī€Ēīƒ¤ī€ļī€ŦīĨī‚īšīŒī—īœīƒƒī§īƒŽīšīēīĻī€ŋī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§ī”
īƒ†ī—īƒīĨī‚ī‚Šīšīƒ°īƒ”ī€ģī‚™īƒ‘īŗīšī‚¨ī‹īƒŖīƒƒīƒĒīēīĸī‚™ī€Ŧīƒŗīƒŗ
43
ī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžīƒ‚ī‚Š
īšī›īĻī§īšīƒ¸ī§īŊī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžī‚¸īƒ‡ī–īƒ…īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ†īēīšīĩīīˆī§īšīąī€­ī€Ēī€Ēī¸
ī€Žī‚Šī€ŋī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒ…īƒ‚ī›īŒīŒī€Ąī€Ēī§īģī‚ŊīĢī€Ŧī€Ŧīƒŗīƒŗī‚Žīƒ†īƒīƒ™ī€Ēī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžī‚ŦīƒīšīŒī€°ī€ĒīĢ
ī§ī‚‚ī˛īƒŦī€ī€Ēī‚žīšīƒī€ˇī€Ŧīŧī‚™ī‚ŊīĢī€Ŧī‚™īƒ¤īžī—ī‚‚īƒŖī‚ƒī™īƒąīƒī˜īēīģī€ŋī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗ
īšī‹īšīĢīƒ‚ī›īžīšīąī€­ī€¨ī€Ŧīšī‚ŠīŽīēīšī‚§īƒ’īšī‚™ī„ī‚īžī‚ŦīšīĢīƒƒīƒ’īš
ī‚™īēī–īƒ‡īšīĢīƒ†ī‚ˆīƒģīģī€ŋī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŒīŒīšīąī€­ī‚ŠīŠī‚Ąī‚īšī‚Šīžīƒ˛
īšīąī€­ī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīƒƒī‚‚ī‚īƒĄī‚™ī‚Šī§īŖī€Ēī€°ī€Ēī§ī‚™ī§īƒŦī‚¸ī€ąīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī€°ī€ĒīƒŖīžī™īƒ¤īƒ
ī‚ŦīšīŒī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīƒƒī‚šīĨīƒŦī‚ŧīƒŒī‚ƒīŒīŒīŖī€Ēī‚Ąīƒŗīƒŗī‚ģīēī§ī‚Šī‚™ī„ī§ī¸ī€ąī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīšī€Ŗ
ī‚Šī§īŖī€Ēīƒ†ī‚Šī§ī¸īšī‚Šīˆīƒ‚ī€°ī€ĒīƒŖīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī‚ŠīŽī‚™ī€ŧīƒīšīŖī€Ēī‚ĄīƒŗīƒŗīƒŦīƒ…īīƒąīšīĢīƒ¤īŒīŒīŖī€Ē
īšīļīƒŗīƒŗī‰īƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€ĒīŖī€ĒīšīļīƒŦīƒ…ī‚ŠīĢī€Ŧī‚ļīƒ†īšīĢīƒ¤īĨīēī‚¯īƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī´ī‚ŠīŽ
ī‚™ī‚Ąī‚īšī‚Šīžīƒ˛īƒ¤īšīƒī‚šī‚žīŖī€Ēī‚Ąī‚ģīēī§ī‚Šīƒ‘īēīąī‚™īēīƒ‚ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒ‡ī‚ƒī™īƒąīƒ‡
ī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīƒ¤ī‚Ŧīƒ…īēīƒ…īƒ‚ī—ī§īšī¸īƒī‚Šī§īŖī€Ēī€°ī€Ēī§ī‚™ī€ąīšī€Ŗīēīģī€Šī§īŊī€ļī€Ŧī–ī‚‰īƒ‚
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ī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīƒ¤ī‚˛īŽīˆīŖī€Ēīŧīī´īƒĸī ī€ĨīšīˆīƒŦī‚žīžīƒ¤īŖī€Ēīšīļī‚šīƒ‚īĨīēī‚ļīƒŽīƒĨīƒ‚
ī‚‰ī‚„ī—īœī‚ģī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī€ąīƒ‚īƒĢīƒ­īĨī€¤īƒī€Šī§īŊī€ļī€Ŧī—ī‚‰īƒ‚ī‚Ąī‚īšī‚Šīžīƒ˛īƒ¤
ī‚Žīšī›ī‚ŠīŖī€ĒīēīģīšīĢīĄī‚ƒīšī‚žī€ŋīƒ­īŠī€­īƒ‚īƒŖī€ˇīšīēī§īšīļīŠī€­īƒŽīƒ…īƒŽī—īƒ‘
ī‚Ŧīƒ­īŠī€­īƒĄī‘īšīļīŠī€­īƒŽī‚ģīƒŽī—īƒ…ī‚„ī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēī˜ī‚Ŧīƒ­īŠī€­īƒĄīƒˇīŊ
īēīĄīƒī‚ģīšīļīīƒ‡īƒŗīƒŗ
īŧīšīī€Ąīšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīšīšī€°ī€Ģīšī§īžīƒīšīĢīēīšī‚§ī€ļī€Ŧī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§īƒĒ
ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚ī‚¸īŊīƒīƒ†ī´īēīšī‚§īƒ°īģīīƒŦīšīēī§ī´ī€Ąī€ĒīīƒŦīƒ†ī”īƒ†
ī€°ī€ĒīĢīŗīšīēī§īƒ‘īžīƒƒī€ļī€Ŧī°ī°īƒ…ī€ŊīŊī€Žīšīƒ¤ī€ˇī‚Šīžīēīģīšī€Ģīƒ°īģīī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‚ī–ī€ļī€Ŧ
ī‚ĸī‚™īƒĄīƒ‡īšīēī§ī‚Œī–īƒ‚īžī´ī€Ąī€Ēīī‰īƒŒī‚ĸīēī§īžī€Ļī‚ƒī–ī‚Šīšīī€Ŧīģīšīŗī¸
īƒīŒīģī§ī ī€ˇī‚ƒī€ī€Ēīšīēī§īƒ¸ī§īŊīšīąī€­īģī­ī€ļīžīšī€Ģī‚šī€Ēī–ī‚‹ī‚™
īƒēīšī¸īƒƒīšī€­ī‚Šī€Ģīƒī‚Šīēī§ī§ī€ŗī™ī§ī€ģīƒŦīšīƒī‚§īĸīƒ…ī†īƒ°īģīī‚™īšīƒĸīīƒ
īƒ‚īƒī‚Ŋīžī€ˇī€Ŧīžī‚ī‚Žī€ēīƒ‚ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒ†īƒ’ī°īƒī€šī€ī‚īƒ‰īšī‚¤ī€¯
īšīąī€­īšī‚¨ī‹īšī‚¨ī§īēī°īŽī‚™īŊīƒ‚īšīšī‚ģīƒ°īģīī‚ƒī€Ēī€Ēī°ī‚Šīƒˆī–ī‚ƒī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦī‚ž
īƒĢīšīĢī‚šīƒŖī€ļī€Ŧī‚ĸī‚™īĻīĨī‚īƒ†ī´ī‚īƒĄīšī€Ģī…ī‚ƒī€ąīšīĢīƒī‚Ŧī‚…īĨī€ŗī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī˜ī‡
īŠ
īƒ†īƒīƒ™īąīƒƒī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒ…ī§īēīƒīžī€ļī€Ŧīīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒƒīƒ°ī€Ąī€ĒīīŖī€Ēīƒƒīƒ°īēīšī‚§īŖī€Ēīƒ‹
ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļī‚ģī‚¸īˇī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤ī€ŋī€ˇī§īšī€ˇīšī†ī€Ŧī€ī€Ēīƒ‚īƒĢīšīƒī‚’īšī‚Šī€Ŧīƒī™īƒ¨
īšīŗī¸īžī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒŖī‹īƒŦīŗīēīƒ‘īžīƒƒī€ļī€Ŧī°ī°īƒ…īšī›īƒĢīšī€­īēīšī‚§
ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒ…ī§īēīƒīžī€ļī€ŦīŽī°ī‚ī˜
īƒĢīšī‚¤ī€¯ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€°ī€Ēīĩīžī‚Šīƒ™ī‚īƒ‚īƒ‚ī‚Šī‚ģī‚Žī‚Ēī€¤ī‚…ī‚ŠīŖī€Ē
45
īšīļīƒ†ī§īƒŽīˇī‚ ī ī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīēīģī´īƒŦī‚žīŒīŒīšīļīƒ†īƒŽīšīƒƒīƒ°īąī‚Šī€ˇī‚ˇ
ī‚ģī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī—īƒąīƒ‡ī‚‰ ī īƒŗīƒŗī—īœīƒƒīƒ°ī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚ŠīŽī‚ī‚Ŧīšīļī‚ģī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī—īƒąīƒ‡ī‘ī‚—ī§
īƒ…īšī‚¤ī‚Žī€Šī‚™īēīƒŗīƒŗī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧ ī īšīļī‚Ŧīœī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īŒīŒīšīļīšīēī§īšīĢīƒ†ī§īƒŽīˇ
ī‚ģī€Ēī€Ēī¸īšīƒī‚§īĸīšī€ŖīƒĢīƒēīŠīžī‚žī€ˇī€ŦīŸ ī ī‚Œī–ī‚Ŧīšīļī‚ģī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī‘ī‚—ī§
ī‚īƒ‚īƒĢī‚īŒīŒīƒ“ī¸īŠī€Ąī€Ēīšīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šī€§īšīļīƒ†īĄī‚īšīēī§ī€¤ī€ĢīƒŖī‚„ī‚Šī€§īƒŒ
īšīēī§īšīļīƒ…ī§īƒ˜īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ… ī īšīēī§ī§īēīąīƒŖī‚„ī‚Šī€§īƒŒīŗī¸ī‚ƒī€ŋī€ļī€ŦīšīŊīƒ‘
ī€§ī€Ŧī‘īŗīƒ¤ī‚ƒīƒĢī€ļī€Ŧīšīēī§īšīļīƒ†ī€¨īƒˆīēī–ī€ļī€Ŧīžīƒīšī‚„ī‚ŠīƒĒī‚ƒī–ī‚žīšīļīƒ†
īšīĢīƒ†īƒˆīŊ ī īƒŽīšīƒƒīƒ°īąī‚Šī€ˇīšīēī§īžīƒīšī‚„ī‚ŠīƒĒī‚ƒī–īƒ†īŧīī‚ˇ
īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ†ī§īƒŽīˇī‚īƒŗīƒŗīšī›ī‚Žīƒƒīƒ°ī‚Ąī‚īšī‚Šīžīƒ˛īƒ†īƒ°īģīīēīšī‚§īƒƒīƒīƒĸīŊ
īƒŦīƒ‚ī‘īšī‹īƒēīŠīžī‚žīƒƒīƒ°īšīēī§ī€ˇī€Ŧīƒąī™īƒ¨ī‚Œī–ī‚Ŧīšīļī‚ģīĻī‚™ī‘īšīĢīƒ†
īƒ”ī‚ģīĻī‚™ī‘ī€¨īƒˆīēī–ī‚ģīĻī‚™īšī‚¤ī€¯ī´īēīšī‚§īƒīƒĸīƒĸīƒīƒ‚ī‘ī‚ģī‚žīƒŒīšīš
ī€ˇī€Ŧī‚ī€ˇī€ŦīŊīƒī™īƒ¨ī‚Ŧīƒ‚ī—īœīƒƒīƒĸī€§ī€ˇī€ŦīŊīƒ‡ī‚žī´īēīšī‚§īƒ°īģīīƒŦīšī‚¤ī€¯ī´
īƒīƒŦīƒ‚ī‘īšīŒīƒēīŠīēī–īžī‚žī€ēī€ˇī€Ŧī‚ŗī™īƒ¨īēī€ģī–ī‚‚ī§īžī€Ąī€Ēī€§īšīĢīƒ†
ī€§ī€Ŧī€ī‚īšīļī‚Ŧīœī‚…ī€šī‚Šī€Ģīƒƒī‹īƒ…īƒ‚ī€Ŋī‚ŠīŊīšīēī§īšīšīŒīŒī€ĩī§īēī‹īƒŗīƒŗīƒ†
īƒąīƒŸī€­ī–īƒī˜īƒąī€Šī—īŊī€¨
īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīąīƒ īƒ˛īƒ¤īˆī°ī›ī‚šīƒŦ
ī‚™īŊī€Šīšī‚¤ī€¯ī€ĸī€¤īƒ…ī€ˇī™īƒ‚ī‚ģī‚īƒ›
ī‚Žī‰īšīƒąī§īƒīŊī€Žīšī‚ģīƒ‚ī‚ģī‚īƒ›
ī€ąīƒąīƒĢī–ī€ŋī‚¤ī‚Šīģī‚ī§īšī‚
46
ī€ļī€Ŧī€­ī‚™ī€Ŧī”īƒ…ī´īĨī‚
īƒ‘īƒƒī‚ŽīĨī‚īŊī€Žīšī‚™ī‚Šī€ŗīŽ
īšīƒĸīƒąī–ī‚ģī§īƒģīƒ‘īƒī€¨ī€ŦīŠīŽ
ī€Ĩī‚Šīēī–īƒī™ī™īƒ†īƒĸī€´ī‚Šī‚ŦīŽ
ī€§īƒ—īšī§īēī–ī€ŋī‚Šīšī§īšīī€˛ī€Ģī§ī€Ŧī­ī€ĨīŠīŽ
ī€ēīƒ‚ī‚Šīžīƒƒīƒ°īƒąī—īƒąīšīĢīƒ
ī€ēīšīŗī¸ī‚™īŊī€ēīšīšīšī™īƒą
īēīģī‚Šī€Ģī”īƒīƒ‚ī‚Šī€Ŗī‚˜īšīž
ī‚ƒīšī‚žīģī‚¤ī€¯ī¨īŠīŊīēīŠīƒĸī–īž
ī§ī€ģīƒ‘īĩī€Ąī€Ēī‚šī€ēīēīƒĢīēīƒĄī–īž
īēīģī€¤ī€Ģīƒ‘ī‚Šīˆī—īƒ†īšīēī€Ēī–īž
47
ī‚ģī—īšī€ĨīžīƒĻī› īī§ī‚—
īƒ¤īēīƒƒīīƒī€°ī€Ēīƒĩī§īēīŠī‰ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīƒīƒ™īƒ‘īƒ†īŽīšīĢ ī ī§īƒŽīˇīšīļ
īƒ…īšī€Ŗīƒ–īžīšīąī€­ī€˛ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒˇīŊī€˛īšī€ąī‚–īƒąī‚ī€ŋīƒī‚ĢīšīƒĄī–īƒ¤
īšīŒī€ąī–īƒ…ī‡īēī–īƒƒī€žīģīƒ‡īģī‚¯ī€ąīƒĨīžī‚ģīƒąīƒīšīšī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‚ī–īƒī‰ī‚™ī€ī€Ē
ī‚ƒī–ī€Šī‚žīŊī€ŋīƒŸīļīƒŒī‚˛īšīšīƒĄī–īƒ…ī‚§īĸīēīƒī–īšīēī§īšīēī€ąī™īšīļīƒ…ī‡īēī–
īƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīī€ēī‚™īƒ¤ī€ĩīƒ”ī‚žī‚‰īšīšī€ļī€Ŧī§īƒƒīąīƒ”ī€ī‚Šīƒ”ī‚Ēī¸īƒ”īƒŽīšīŗīƒ”ī€˛ī€Ģī§ī€Ŧīƒ”
ī€ĒīŠī€Ŧīƒ”īšīēī§ī‚Šī‚ŦīŽīƒĸī īƒī€¨īš
īƒ…ī€ēīƒļī˜ī—īƒīšīģī§īģī€Ąīš
īƒ…ī€ēīƒļī˜ī—īƒīšīģī§īģī€Ąīš
īƒ…ī€ēīƒļī˜ī—īƒīšīģī§īģī€Ąī§īƒŽīˇ
īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīŒīŒīŊī€ŽīšīŖī€Ēīƒ‚īƒˇīžī‡īƒƒī€ĸī€¤ī€ēī‚¯ī€Ēī€Ēīƒ†ī€ˇī™ī™īƒąī€Šī‚Ēīēī€ģī– ī īšīļ
ī‚˛īĢīƒ”ī€˛ī€Ģī§īēī€ĒīŠī€žīģīƒ”ī€ī‚Šīēī€Šīģī€ēī‡ī™īŽī€¨īšīšīƒŸīƒī–ī€ļī€Ŧīšīļī‚ģīŠī‚ąīšī›
īƒ…ī‚Šī‚Ŧī€ļī€Ŧ ī īšī†ī€Ŧīšīī–īƒ¤īšīŒī€ąī–īƒ…ī‡īēī–īƒƒī€žīģīƒ‡ī‚ī‚¯īŖī€ĒīƒĨī˜ī‚—ī§
īĻī§īšī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧī‚žīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤ī—īœīƒ…ī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚žī‚§īĸīŠīˇī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒ°ī˜
īŧīƒŦī‚žī—īœīƒ…ī‡ī‰ī§īĩī€ĸī€¤ī€ˇī‚ĩīšīēī§ī€ēī‚„ī€ˇī™ī‚ˆī‚ŋ
48
ī´ī‚žī€ēī—ī īŠī€­īēī€ģī–īƒƒīƒ°īžīƒŽīšīēī§ī€ēī‚„ī€ī€Ēī§īƒĩīˆī§īģī€ļī€Ŧīƒƒīƒ°ī‚˛īĢī‚ƒīšī˜īšīēī§ī€ēī‚„
ī—īœīƒ…ī‡ī‰ī§īĩī‚ģīƒŽīšīŗīˆī‚Šīˆī€ēī‚„īēī€ģī–īƒƒīƒ°ī€˛ī€Ģī§īēī€ĒīŠī­ī€Ĩī“īšīēī§īƒĻīƒŒ
ī‚„ī‚Šīīƒ†ī‚ģī¸ī‚Žīƒœīŗīšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ†īĄī‚ēī­ī‚ī€ēī‚ƒīƒąī‚īšīēī§ī€ēī‚„
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īƒ…ī˜īœī§īžī€ŋīƒīƒ…īƒŦī€ē
ī‚¯ī€Ēī€Ēī€ēī†ī€Ŧī€ĸī€¤īƒƒīƒˇīžī€´ī€ŋ
ī€ēī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēīƒˇīžī‡ī€ŋīĩīƒƒīŽī€ŋ
īƒˆīģī‚ƒīƒ¤īžī€ˇī‚ŧīƒ­īƒīƒī€ŋ
ī‚žī€ĸīĨī§īƒīžī€§ī€Ŧīšī€§ī€Ŧī‚īƒĢī€ŋ
īƒ¤ī€Ąī€Ēī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§ī€ī€ĒīŽīƒ…īƒ†ī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒī€Ąī€ĒīŠī§ī‚ ī ī”ī‘ī€Ŗīƒ–īƒƒī‚—ī§
īēī‚„īšī€Ŗīƒ–īšīŒīšīŒī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īšīēī§īēīƒī–īƒ…ī‡īēī–ī€ļī€ŦīžīƒŽī§ī‚„īƒŦī˜ī‡īēī–ī€ŋ
ī€žīŊīƒŽīšīŗīƒŒī‚ƒī„ī‚īƒ‘īƒ…ī–ī§īēī€ˇī–īƒ…īƒ¨ī‚´ī­ī€ĨīŠīƒ°ī™īƒīƒŦīƒŸīļ
ī§īēī§īēī‚™ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‡īƒƒīƒĨī§ī„ī‚īšīēī§īšīšīƒīąīžī€Ŗī§īēīšīƒ—ī–īšīēī§īƒ‚ī‚¤īƒ—ī–
īĨī”ī‚īšī‚¤ī€¯ī´ī‡ī€ļī€Ŧī€´ī€ˇīƒŦīƒ‚ī‘īˆīƒŦī€ŋ
ī€°ī€ĒīƒŽīšīžī—īœīƒ‹ī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§ī€ŋī‚­ī™īŽīƒ‚īšī‹ī—īœī–īƒī‚Šī‚
īƒī‚žī‚Žī‚ģī¸īƒœīŗīšīļīƒ†īĄī‚ƒīƒ¤īĨīƒ‚īēīģī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‡īƒ†īĄī™ī§īƒŦ
ī‚īšīēī§ī‚Žīąī„īšīļīƒīƒĸīƒ“īĨīƒ‚īēīģī§īēī§īēī‚™ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‡īƒī‚Šī§ī°īšī‚„ī€Ļīƒ…
ī™ī§ī‚„īƒŦī˜ī‚Šīēī§īąī‚ĸīƒ†īŖīēī–īēī‚ĸīžī€ļī–īƒƒī´ī€Ąī€ĒīīŖī€Ēī‚Šī§ī„īĸīĨīŖī‚žī§īēīŠ
ī ī“īƒƒīšīļī‚ŦīœīƒƒīšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīī‚ģīˆī‚Žīšī›ī‚Šīēīƒī‚žīšī€Ŗīƒ¸ī§īŊīœī§īŊīƒ‘
49
īƒ¤īšī‹ī‡ī‰ī§īĩī€ļī€Ŧī‚˛īĢī‰ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīƒ‚ī‘īšīļīƒ†ī€¨īƒˆīēī–īƒ…ī‡īēī–ī€ļī€Ŧī‚˛īĢ
ī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēīƒ”īžīƒŽī€Ēī€Ēī€˛ī€Ģī§īēī€ĒīŠīēī­ī€ĨīŠīēīŊīƒ†īĸī€ŗī€Ēī€Ēī‚Ļīƒąī‚‚ī‚Šīƒąī‚›īƒĸī–
īƒ¤īĢī€Ąī€Ēīīƒī‰ ī īƒƒī‡īēī–īƒ†īƒŽīšīŗīšīēī§ī€žīŊī‚™īšīƒ¤īˆīƒ¸ī§īŊīƒ‘
ī€ˇīˆīƒĨī˜
ī‚ģī´īƒŽī§ī€¤ī€Ģī‚žīƒ¤ī€˛īŖī€Ē
īƒ¤ī‚šī–īƒŦī´īƒīŖī€Ē ī ī‚ˇ
īƒŦī€­īšī‚Šīƒ”īšīēīƒ‘ī‚Šīƒ¨ī—ī‚Šī¸
ī€˛ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīēī‚„ī§īšīƒ“ī€ŗ
īƒ‹īƒƒī€ĸī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒŦī€˛ī€ī€Ē
īƒ‹īƒƒīƒŦīēīģī‡īēī–ī€ŋīąī€ī€Ē
ī‚žīŽīšīļīƒī‚Šīēīƒĸī–īƒƒī§īēī‚ģ
ī€žī‚™ī€ŗīžīƒ‘īƒ¯
ī‚›īƒĸīĻī§īšīƒŽīĄīƒ‚ī‚Šīˇīž
īƒļī‚ƒī€ŋīƒ‹ī‚§īĸī—ī›īēīƒ‰īž
ī‚šīƒĒīƒīƒŽīƒąīšī›īƒ‚ī™īƒ
īŊī€Žīšīƒ†ī‚ƒī„ī€ēīƒˆīēī–īƒīƒĸīƒš
īēīģīƒĸī‚´īƒŦī‚ƒī€ĻīšīĢīƒ†ī—īƒī€Ēī€ĒīĨī§
ī€ˇīƒŦīƒƒīƒ°īšīĢīƒ†īšī‚ģī•ī§
īēīģīˆīƒŦī‚Žī€ˇī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīŊī€Žīšīƒ
ī€Ļī€ŋīƒĸīŸī‚ƒīšīēī€ąī™īƒ
īšī‚¤ī€¯ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīƒƒīŗī™ī‚…ī‚ƒ
īƒ‚ī‘ī€Šīšīļīƒ…ī‚Ēī™ī–īƒĸī‚…ī‚ƒ
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īŊī€ŽīšīƒĢī‚ƒī€Ļīƒ…īƒšī€ˇīƒŦīšīĢī‚ģī‚Šī§ī§ī¨ī‚™īŊī€ēī™īŽīšīēī§īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒƒī‚Šīšī‚ŧīšī§ī€ē
ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ”ī‚ŽīƒŸīļī‡īēī–īžīƒĻī‚¯īšī‚īƒĢīšīšīƒ†īĄī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ‚ī‚™īī¨ī‚ī€ąīšīš
īƒī‚ŧīƒĸī€¸ī€­ī€ˇīī¨ī˜īšī‚Šīīšī‚Šīīƒ†ī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī¨īĨīƒī€´īƒŦī‚žīƒœīŗīšīļīƒ
īƒŸīƒŽī‚īƒ‚ī‚Šī€šīŠī€°ī€Ģīƒīžīšīēī›ī—ī™īƒąīƒ‡ī˜
īšīļīƒ†ī€¨īƒˆīēī–īƒ…īŖī€Ēī‚Šīšī¨īƒŦī€ąīšīĢī‚§īĸī‚žīšīšīƒ…ī‚§īĸ
īƒœīšī¯ī‚žī€ļī€Ŧī‚Ŋī‚ģī€¤īšīēīģīƒ“ī¸ī€¯īšīļīƒīƒĸī īƒƒīƒĢī§īƒŦīšīēī§ī€ŋīƒ¤
īšīļīƒƒī§ī¨ī‚™īšī€´īƒīƒĸī‚‰īƒ‘īēīąī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī˜īšīšīƒ…īŖī€Ēī‚Šīžī‚Žī€ŋī‚˛īĢī‚™ī„ī‚ƒīšīēī§
ī‚–īēī–īƒ†ī­ī€ĨīŠīēīŊī­ī€ĨīŠī„ī‚ƒī´īšīšī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īƒ†ī€Ēī€Ēīƒąī–īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚
ī‚Ēīƒ“ī€ēīŧīĩīƒŦī´ī‚Šī€Ģī€ˇīƒšī€ļī€Ŧī€´īƒŦī˜
īšī›īƒŸīļīƒšīƒ…īģī‚§īˆīˆīƒ‘īžī€ąīŗī‚īšīĢīƒ†īī€Ĩīƒ¤
ī—īœīƒ†ī‚‚ī´ī€ˇī‚™īēī–īƒ‡īƒ‚ī—īœī‚Ēīšīšī§īģī™īŽīƒī‚žī´īƒŸīļīšīŒ
ī‚ģī§īēī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒƒīƒ…īƒ¤īƒ†īĄīƒšīƒšīƒ°īģīī°īšī›ī‚‹ī„ī‚ī€ī€Ēī‚žīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģ
īƒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚ŠīģīƒŸīļīšīšīƒ†īƒīžīƒēīƒƒī˜ī‚ģī›īšīƒˇīšī€ŗīƒ’ī¨ī€´īƒ¯ ī˜ī…ī‡īŧī
ī‚´ī€Šī‚ˇīšī€ąīĢī‚Ģī§ī‚‡ī‚Šī§īžī§īƒ§īžīƒ˛īšīŒī€Ēī€Ēī¸īƒ…ī‚§īĸī€Ąī€Ēī€§īƒŒī„ī„ī§ī¨ī„
ī‚īšī‹īƒ‚ī›īƒŠīšī€ŧīŒīƒ†ī‚™ī€Ļī€Šī€ŗī€¨ī€ļī€Ŧī‚˜ī‚ī˜
īŒīŒī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒ‡īģī§ī‚‚ī‚Ēī€¨īžīƒŠīšī€ŧīŒīƒ…ī€Ŋīąīƒŗīƒŗīšīąī€­ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļī‚ģīƒ’īš
īƒŦī€Šī´ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒƒīšī‚ī‚žī¯īžī‚ī€ŋī€¨īŊī€Žīšī‚ŗīēī–īƒ…īŽīžīƒ¤ī´
ī‚‚ī´īƒīšīŒī‚Šī‚„ī€Ļī‰ī§īĩ ī īšīšīšīšī‚īƒ›īēīŠī°īšī›ī‚Šī‚ŦīƒŦī‚—ī§īšī‚™ī¸
51
īžīšīąī€­īƒ‚ī›īĄī€Ŋī°īƒ‘ī§īƒŦī‚ī˜ī‚ŠīšīŽī‚§īŗīŧīī‚¨īŸīšī—īƒ˛ī‚
ī īšīēī§ī€Ąī€ĒīŽī‚§īŗīš
ī‚‘īƒī€­ī‚ī‚¸īƒ§ ī‡ī—ī…
īīƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēīšī‚Ŗī§ī‚Ÿīģīšīƒ˛ī‚īšī¤īŧīīƒ¤ī‚—ī§
īƒ¤ī ī´īƒƒīšīƒīƒ‚ī›īƒŦī€ŋī‚—ī§ ī īƒ…īŊī€Žī€Ŗīƒ–īžī‚˛īŽīˆīƒ”īŖī€Ēī§īƒŽīˇīšīļ
īƒ‚ī›ī‚Šī‚Ŧī„ī‚ƒīƒąī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēī´īŒīŒīƒŠīšī€ŧīŒīƒŗīƒŗīƒŦīšīēī§ī´īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚ˇīšī€ąīĢ
īƒ† ī ī‚‡ī‚Šī§īžīƒ…ī‚§īŗīƒīƒˇīžīšī€Ŗīƒ–īƒ†īĄīĒīƒŦī˜īšī€ēīļī‚—ī§
ī‚Šī‚„ī€Ļī‰ī§īĩīžī‚Žīƒ‚ī›ī‚ļīšīĢī€ļī€ŦīŒīŒīƒŠīšī€ŧīŒīƒŗīƒŗī‚–ī‚ƒīšī‚™īŗī€ˇī€ŦīŠ
ī™ī§ī€ģīƒĨīƒ”īšīąī€­īšīēī§ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‚ģīƒ’īšīƒŦī‚žīžīƒ¤ī°īšī›īžī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚ž
īƒ¤īƒļīƒīšīąī€­īƒ‚ī›īšī–īƒ°īšīēī§īšīĢīƒ…īēī§ī´ī‚¤ī€¯ī‚ŠīšīƒŖīƒ‘īēīąīƒ…īšīēī§ ī ī‚—ī§
īšīĢī‚ģī€Ąī€Ēī›īƒŠīšī€ŧīŒī‚Šī§īēī‚Šīēīŗī¸īƒ¯īƒ‘īšīēī§īšīƒī‚ŠīŽī‚™īŽīģīšīƒĸī§ī°īƒ™īƒīƒ
īƒ¤īƒŽī‘īēīģīƒ‚ī›īēīšī€ēī§īƒ„ī‚Šīžīšī€Ŗī—īœī€Ŋī°īƒĄī‚‰īƒ‚īžīƒ¤īƒļ
īƒīƒ‚ī›īƒƒīšī–ī‚™ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ‚īšīĢī€ļī€ŦīŒīŒīƒŠīšī€ŧīŒīƒŗīƒŗī‚–ī‚ƒīšīƒĨīƒ”ī€ŠīƒŠīšī€ŧīŒīƒ…
ī‚„ī§īī‚ģī‚ƒī‚ˆī€¨
ī‚‡ī§īī—īœīšīšī‚Šīēīƒĸī–ī°īšī€ąī–ī‚ģīšī‚¤ī€¯ī™īžī€Ŧīģī‚īƒ‚īƒ‘īžīƒ†īƒŽīšī‚ŧ
īƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīĢī‚ƒī€Ļīƒīšī¤īƒ‚ī›ī‚Žī‚žīšīŒīšīļīƒ¤īšīŒ ī ī€ˇīƒŦī‚—ī§
īƒƒīˆī‚ĸīēī§īī€ˇī€Ŧīž ī īœī§īŊī€¸ī›ī€ļī€Ŧīšī€ī€Ēī§īžīēīģīšī€Ŗīƒąī‚Žī‚ŠīƒŦīƒ‚ī‘ī‚—ī§
īƒ†īƒŠīšī€ŧīŒī‚„ī€°ī€ĒīĢī§īī‚Šīēīƒĸī–īƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤ī°īšī›īžī€ēī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€°ī€Ēīĩ
ī‚Šī‚Ŧī€ēī§ī§īžīƒ‘ī°ī€ēī‚›īƒ‘ī°ī€ēī‚„īƒƒīƒ°īšīēī§ī‚ī§īƒ‚ī›ī‚Šī€īƒ‚ī€ąī–īƒƒ
ī‚ī§ī‚™īƒ¤īšīēī§īšīšīƒ…ī‚–īžīžīšī‚Ÿī‚†ī‚™īƒ¤īƒ†īĄīˆīˆīƒ°īģīī€Ąī€Ēī€§
52
īģīžī™īƒī‚ī˜
ī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒ˛īšī‹īƒĸī´ī€Ēī€ĒīŠīƒ‚ī›īƒžīƒžīŒīŒī€¤ī‚§ī€ģī€­ī€ŠīƒŠ
ī‡ī…ī˜ī‡īīšīƒ…ī€ģī€°īƒŽ ī˜ī‡īƒŗīƒŗīžī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚
īŒīŒī‚ŽīƒŸīļīšī’īŖī€Ēī‚‚īƒ‘ī§ī”ī§īƒ†ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī™ī„ī‚īŖī€Ēīšī€Ŧī‚„ī‚ŠīēīĩīŊī‚Ŗī¸ī€ļī€Ŧ
īšīšīƒīąī„īƒĸī īƒ†īĄī™ī„ī‚īšīšī‚ģīĢīˆīģīīƒī€¨ī€Ŧīŧī‚™īƒŦīƒŗīƒŗī´
īĒīšī€Ąī€Ąī€Ēī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īšīĢīĄī‚ŠīŊī§ī€ģī‚ƒī–ī‚žī˜ī‚‰ī‚„īƒ†īƒŸīļī‚īƒĄīģīēīƒ īšīļīƒ˛ī‚ģ
īƒ¤īšīŗī¸īƒƒīšīąī€­ī€šī‚§īŠī€ļī€Ŧī§ī¨īš ī īšī‚īšī¸ī‚™ī„ī‚īƒ¸ī§īŊīĄī‚—ī§
ī‘ī‚ŧīƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤īšīĢīžī€ĩī€ĩīšī€Ĩīšīƒƒīīƒ¯ī‚ī˜īƒ…ī‚Šī€Ģīžī€ēī’īƒļī‚ļ
īšīēī§ī€ēī‚ĸīēī§īīƒŸīƒī–īƒ¤īšīŒīƒšīƒ…īģī‚§īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒƒī€Ēī‚™īƒ†ī€ˇī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēīƒ‘īēīą
ī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī—īœīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒ“ī¸īšī­īƒī™īēīšīēī€ąī™īƒ…īŠī€°ī€Ģīƒī‚ģīŸī‚ˇī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚īšī˛ī–īƒ¤īŒī´
ī€ˇī‚šī‚žīƒĢīƒīąī„īƒ”ī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēīēīģīƒ‚ī‚…īƒ‚ī‚Šī‚ģī‚Šī§īĢī‚Šīƒ¯ī§īƒŦīšīēī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§
ī€Ąī€Ēī§ī‚šī‚žīšīļīƒ†īƒŽīšīƒƒīƒ°īąīžī€Ŗī§īēīšī€ˇīƒŦīƒ‚ī‚…īĨī€ŗī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī˜ī‡
īŠī‚žī‚Žīšīŗī¸ī‚…īšīļ
īƒ¤ī‚ŠīŖī€ĒīƒŦīšīĢī€ļī€Ŧī‚ŋī‚™ī€Ēī€ĒīĨī€ŗī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī˜ī‡
īŠī€ēī‚žīšīŒī‚§īĒīƒī‚¯īƒą ī īēī§īƒŽīˇ
ī‚ƒīƒąīšīŗī¸ī€ŋī‚ŋī‚™ī€Ŧī˜īšī‚¤ī€¯īƒĢī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚ī´ī€Ąī€Ēīī™īšī™īŽīƒī‚žīšīĢ
ī€Ąī€Ēīīžīƒ‚īƒ‹ī‚ģīšī€Ĩīŗī€ˇīƒŦī‚žīšīļīƒīƒĸī‚‰īĨī€ŗī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī˜ī‡
īŠīƒ‚īšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīīƒī˜
īšī€Ĩīŗī‚ģī‚ƒī™īŽīƒī‚…īšī‚Šīīšī‚Šīī‚†īšīƒ…ī‚ĸīēī§īī€ˇī§īƒŦīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒĢī‚Šīˇ
īžī–īšī‚ī‚žīƒĢīƒœīŗīšīļīƒīąī„īƒ”ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒīšīēī§īƒ‹ī‚īƒ
ī€ˇī˜
53
ī‚“ī‚Ēīīšī¤īŧīī€§ī€Ŧīˇīž
īšīąī€­īēīšī‚§ī‚“ī‚Ēīīšī¤īŧīī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžīžī€ˇī€ŦīŠīƒĨī‚Žī‚žīŧīƒ
īšīēī§ī›īŠīŖī€Ēī‚ŠīģīƒŦī™īƒ¨ī‚¸ī›īŒīŒī€Ąī€Ēī§īģī‚ŊīĢī€Ŧī€Ŧīƒŗīƒŗīƒ‚ī›īžī‚Šīšī€ī€Ēī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒ†
ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžī‚–ī‚ƒīšīƒŦī‚˜ī‚ī‚¸īĄī§īƒīšīąī€­ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒīƒ™ī‚‚īˇīšī’īƒ‘ī°
īąī‚ĸī‚ƒīšī‚™ī„īšīąī€­īēī€ģī€Ąīƒīēī‚ī€ĩī‚‡īī‚ƒīƒ°ī‚ļīšīĢīƒ¤ī‚šīŒīŒī¸ī–īƒīƒ™
ī‚‚īˇī‚šī–ī™īŖī€Ēī‚™ī„ī‚ƒīƒ”ī€ĸī‚ģī§īšīƒšī§īēī‚īƒœīŗī‚™ī„ī‚ƒīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚šī§
īšī‚ģīŗīƒ…ī—īƒ§īƒī‚Šī¤ī‘ī€ŋīƒƒīšī€¨ī§īƒŦīƒ”īƒ­īšīąī€­ī‚‚īˇīēīģī‚‚ī‚īžī—īŖī€Ēī‚Šī‚Ŧ
ī‚žīšīąī€­īīƒŽī‚†īĄī§īēī‚Ŗīƒ‘ī°ī‚ģīƒŽīšīŗī‚™ī§ī€ģīƒŦīšīēī§ī´ī‚œīšīƒŽī§ī€ģīƒŦīƒ†
ī°īšīēī€°ī€Ēīƒĩī§īēī€šīƒŸī–īƒ‡īšīēī§īšīąī€­īīƒ†īšī€°ī€Ģī§īƒŸī–īƒ‡īšīēī§īšīąī€­ī‚„ī‚ŋīƒīƒŸī–
īƒ‡ī˜īšī€ŖīšīĢīēī€ģī€ĄīƒƒīƒŦīˇī‚ƒīšī‚žīšī›ī‚šīēī‚‰īƒœī‚Ļī€¯ī§ī‚Šīˆīšīąī€­ī‚‚ī‚ƒī‚Šīˆīšīēī§īšīƒŒ
īŠī€­īšīƒīƒ‹īƒ¤ī‚ŧī€ēī‚ŠīŖī€Ēīƒ™īīƒī€°ī€Ēīƒĩī§īēī€šīƒ¯īˇī‚™īšīšīƒ†ī€ģī‚ī€ļī€Ŧī§īƒ‡
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īšīēī§ī‚šīƒ‚ī¸ī–ī€ŋī°īšīēīƒīƒĸī€¸ī€­ī§īƒŦī‚¸ī€žī°īšīēīˆī‚Šī€Ŧīƒī˜īƒĢī‚Šīƒ¯ī‚
īīƒ¤īēīģīƒ‚īƒ™īīžī§īƒ‡īšīēī§īšīąī€­ī€ļīƒŽī‚™īŠīēī§īƒī‚šīŒīŒī°īšīēīƒ‚īšīŊ
ī€Žī§īžī™īƒŽī–ī‚ŠīƒŸīšīƒąīƒŒīƒ‚īƒšīƒ–ī‚”ī‡īƒīƒŗīƒŗīšīĢī‚§īĸīƒ…īƒ°īģī
ī€Ąī€Ēī€§ī‚‹ī‚‹ī‚™īģīƒ•ī‚„īƒ‚ī¸īƒƒī—īƒī€¨ī€ŦīŠīŖī€Ēī™ī§ī€ģīƒŦīšīēī§īƒŸīļīšī€­īƒ‚ī‚Šīƒī‚Šīēī§
ī‚ƒī„ī™ī§īƒŦī‚īšīēī§ī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īžīƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ†ī€ļīžī€ˇī€Ŧīŧī‚™īšīŒī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īšīēī§īŠī€°ī€Ģīƒ
īŽīģī‚™ī§īƒŦī‚ī˜ī˜ī‚›īšīšī¨ī‚§īĸī™ī‚…ī‚īƒ†īģī€ēīžīƒ†īƒŽīšīƒ‹
ī€¨īƒŽīšīŗī€ˇīˆī™ī€ī€Ēī´īƒŸīļī‡īēī–īƒ†ī‚¤ī€¯ī‚ŠīƒŽīšīŗī‚™ī€Ēī€Ēī€ĩī§īƒŦī‚īšīēī§
ī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨ī‚žī§īƒŦī‚ī˜
38 Urdu bazar ī‚“ī‚Ēīīšī‚Ŗī§ī‚Ÿīģīšī˜ī€Ēī€Ēīƒ‘īąīƒĻīšī¨īļ
10-22 Zaitigain RD Hajvairi īƒ”ī€­ī‚žīˇī€ļī€Ŧīƒš Lahore
ī˜Park Lahore
īšīƒĸī¸ī‚†īšīƒŸī€ģī›īƒ„īšīƒŖī‚ŠīĢ 274 ī‚“ī‚Ēīīžī‚„ī‚–ī‚ƒīšīƒŦī‚™
īšīļīĩīģīšī‚°ī€Ąī€ĒīƒŖīƒīƒ™ī‚‚īˇīšīŒīŖī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒ†īžī‚Šī€ļī€Ŧīšīšīƒ†ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī™ī„īšīąī€­
ī‚ŠīŠī—īœīƒƒī€ī€Ēīƒ­ī‚ƒī‚ˆī´īƒĨīšīąī€­ī‚Šīšī‚Ŧī‚„īąī‚ĸī‚ƒī™ī„ī‚¸īšīĢī‚ŠīŠī—īšī€Ĩ
ī‚ŠīšīƒŖī‚Žīšīēī€ąīƒąī‚™īšī¸ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī€Ĩīšī‚“ī€§ī‚¸īšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēī‚šī–ī‚¸ī‚Šīēī§īēīŠ
īƒīŧīī€§īƒ—īšī§ī‰ī§īĩīƒī€ļī€Ŧī‚Šīģīšī–īšī–ī‚™ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī‚†īšīƒŸī€ģī›ī—īŖī€Ēīƒ”
ī‚†īšīƒŸī€ģī›ī—īŖī€Ēīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīˆī‚—ī§īƒƒīƒˇīŊī—īƒ¤īƒ…īšī€ēīąī‚ƒīƒīƒŦī€ŋ
īšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīŖī€Ēīšī€ēīąī´ī‚—ī§īƒ‚ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī˜ī‚„ī€˛īˇī€ļī€Ŧīƒƒīƒ°
55
ī‚ŋīƒˇīŊī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī—īƒ¤ī‚ģīšī§īšī‚Šīģī‚™īŊīžīšīĢīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‚ƒī€ī€Ēī‚ƒī–īšīĢīƒ…
ī‚™ī‚Ģī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ƒī–īšī‚¤ī€¯īšīĢī‚ģīšīąī€­ī‚•īšī§īƒī‚ģī™ī€ī€Ēī§īƒŦīƒ‡īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ­īƒīƒŽīšīˇ
ī‚™īŊīƒ‡īŧīī‚Ļīžī‚†īšīƒŸī€ģī›īšī‚ģī€§ī€Ŧīšīēī€ąīƒąī‚™īšī¸īžīƒī‚ī˜
īŧīī‚‡īžīšī‚Ŗī€¤ī€ĢīēīžīŒīƒ†ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī‚šī€¨ī€Ŧīšīƒ’īšīēī§ī—ī¸
ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒĨīšīĢī‚…īžī‚­ī—ī„ī‚¸īšīąī€­ī€ī€Ēī ī€Ĩīƒ…īšīąī€­īī€ļī€Ŧīƒŗīģī€ˇī€Ŧīžī‚¯ī§ī•ī‚ĸīƒ 
īĩī§ī€¤īžīšī§ī‚īƒĄī‚Šī‚ƒīšīƒŦī‚Ģīƒƒī‚ģī‚ŧīĢīˆīģī€ˇīšīēī§ī‚Šīēīĩīžī‚ģīƒąīšīžī€Žīģī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜īƒ­
īƒŗīģīƒ‚ī—īœīƒ¤ī‚ĸīƒ ī€ąīēīģī—īœīƒƒī‰ī—īƒ°īšī€Ŗī€§īƒ—īšī§īƒ‘ī°ī€ļī€Ŧīąī‚ĸī‚ƒīƒą
īšī§ī‚īƒĄī‚Šī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēī‚†īšīƒŸī€ģī›īēīģīī‰īƒŦī‚˛īŽīƒ…ī€ģī–īšīŒī‚īƒīƒƒīƒ°ī€Ąī€Ēī
īƒ–ī€Ēī€Ēī€ēīĨī€ŗī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī˜ī‡
īŠīšī§ī‚īƒĄī‚Šī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīšī™īƒĢīƒ¤ī€ŋīƒƒīēīģīī“īƒ…ī˜īšī›ī—īœīĒīīž
ī‚ī‚žīīƒ‚īšīĢī€ī€Ēī ī€Ĩīƒ…īƒŦīšīēī§ī‚—ī§ī“ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īƒ–īēīģī€ī€Ēī ī€Ĩīąī‚ĸī‚ƒīšīšīēī§īšīĢ
īƒ¤īēīģīī€§īƒ—īšī§īšī‚ŠīĢīƒ…ī€˛ī€Ģī§īƒ…īģī‚Šī¸īƒƒīšī‚īƒĄī§īģī‚ƒīšīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī—īœīƒ…ī€˛ī€Ģī§ī‚™ī‚Šīž
īšī§ī‚īƒĄī‚Šī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēī‚†īšīƒŸī€ģī›īšī›ī‚ŠīĢī€Ŧī‚ģīƒŦīƒ…ī€Ŗī–īļīģīžīƒĄī™īƒŽī–īšīēī§īšī‹
īąīžī€Ŗī€ˇī§īžī‚™īēī˜īēīģī‚ŧīƒŒīŊīšī€ˇī‚ƒī€Ļīƒ…īƒ§ī‚°īƒĢī¨ī€Ąī€ĒīīƒŒīŊīƒ‚
īƒ¸īąīƒŦī˜
īšīĢī‚ŠīĨī€¤īƒī‚…īƒ˜ī ī‚žīšī€Ŗīƒƒīƒ°īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ‹ī€§īƒ—īšī§ī€ļī€Ŧī™īƒ¤ī‚ģ
īšī§īšī‚Šīģī‚™īŊīƒ‚ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‡īƒ…ī‚™ī‚Ģīžī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦī€ąīŧīšī€Ģī€ˇī™īƒ¨īƒ†
īšī‚ļī§īšīīžī†ī‚ŠīŠī€ˇī€ŦīŠīƒŦī‚žī†īƒŸīļī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§ī€ļī€Ŧī™ī§īƒŦī‚¸ī˜īƒ‚ī€§īšī‚Ģī€¨ī‚ˆ
īŖī€Ēī†ī‚ŠīŠīƒŸīƒī–īƒƒī§īšī€ĩīžīƒŸīžī€ąī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦī‚˛īēīģī‚˛īĢī€ļī€Ŧī™ī§īƒŦī‚ƒī„ī‚
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īšīēī§īšīƒŒī‚ŧī‚˛ī‚žī‰ī‚„ī‚ŧī‚ŠīŖī‚¤ī€¯ī‚Šīēī–īƒ¤ī‚Šīšī€ī€Ēī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īžī†īƒŸīƒī–īƒƒīšīŒ
īƒ•ī‚ģī‚ļī‹ī€ēī‚¯īŖī€Ēī‚Žīƒ†īšīąī€­ī€¨ī€ŦīšīĻī€ŋī‚ģī¸īƒĨī˜ī”īƒ¤īƒŒī´ī‚ģī¸īˆīŖī€Ēī‚™īšīŖī€Ēīšīļ
īšīšīƒŸīƒī–īƒƒīŒīƒ§īŗī€ˇī‚™īŊīƒ‡ī€ąīšīĢīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī‚„īšī‚¤ī€¯ī‚ŠīĨī€¤ī‚ģīƒąīšīŠī€ē
ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚ī´ī€Ąī€Ēīīŧīƒ†ī€§ī€Ŧī€īƒŦī‚…īšīƒīžī´ī‰īĨī€ŗī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī˜ī‡
īŠī‚žīƒīƒ™ī‚ģī¸
īžīšīļīƒ…īƒƒīƒ°īƒ…ī‚ƒīƒīƒŦī‚Žī‚žīƒĢī€ˇī™ī‚…īšīĢīĄīƒƒīƒ°ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļī´
ī‚Šīƒēīƒ˛ī€ˇī‚™īī¨ī‚žī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīšīšīƒ…ī‚™ī‚Ģīžī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦī˜
ī‚Šīēīĩīžī€Ąī€Ēīī‚Žīīēīšīƒ īƒŦīžīšīĢī€ŋīƒƒīƒ°īƒģīģī€ˇī‚™īēī–īƒ‡ī™īƒ¨
ī´ī€Ąī€ĒīīĻī§īšī€Ēī€ĒīŠīĩīƒŦīšīēī§īžīƒƒīƒ°ī‚Ŧīƒī€ˇī‚žīƒƒīƒ°ī€ēīƒ˛ī‚Šīēī–īšīšī‚Šīƒĸī–īšī€Ģī˜
ī‚„ī‚™īšī‚‘ī§īŠī€Ģī€­īƒ”ī‹īēīžī€ļī€Ŧī‚‹īƒ°ī™ī§ī‚„ī‚īƒƒīƒ°īƒŒīšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīī€ŋī‚¨ī§ī€ˇī‚™ī€ī€Ēī‚ž
īšīšīžī€ēī™īƒ¤ī˜ī€Ąī€Ēī€§īƒ‘ī‹ī‚ī˜īšīļīšī€ŦīĻī™ī‚™īšī¸īƒƒī€īšīĨī€¤ī‚ŠīŊī‚Žīšī€Ģ
īƒ°īģīī€Ąī€Ēī€§ī‚‹ī„ī‚ī˜
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īƒąīƒ‘ī€Ēī€Ēī‚ˇīšī€ąīĢīšīēī§ī‘īšīƒ…īƒ‚ī›īƒŠīƒˆī€ŧīŒ
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īƒ…īŠīŖī€Ēī§īī‚‚ī‚ƒīƒ°ī˜ī”īƒ…ī€Ŧī´ ī īƒŦī‚žī€Ŋī€Ļī‚ŠīŠīĩī‚ģī§īƒĻīƒœ
īƒŦī‚žīšīąī€­ī€Ąī€Ēī§īžī‚ŧī€ļī€Ŧī€Žīšīƒī‚ļīƒ—īƒ…īƒēīŠīšī‚Šīšī‚™īƒ¤īƒ†ī‚ˆīžīƒ¤īšīƒˇ
īšī€ŗīƒ’ī¨ī€´īƒ¯ ī˜ī…ī‡ī‚ˇīšī€ąīĢī‚‡ī‚Šī§īžīƒ…īēī–īƒ…īƒ‚ī›īŒīŒīƒĻīƒœīƒ…ī‚Šīƒ°īˇīƒŗīƒŗīšī–īƒ°īšīēī§ī‚Ŧīƒ”īƒ¨
ī‚ģīƒŽīŠīēī‚ĸīšīŠīžīĨīēī€Ąī€Ēī‚ƒīšī‚¯ī¸ī€ˇī€Ŧī€ĸīƒīƒˇīžī—īœī–īžī—ī‚˛ ī ī§īƒŽīˇ
īšī›ī—īœ ī ī™ī§īžī‚¸ī˜ī‚Šīˇī‚„ī‚Šīˇīžīšī€¸ī˜īƒŒī‚™ī§ī‚„ī‚ļī‚žīŖī€Ēī§īƒŽīˇīšīļ
ī‚„īƒ­ī€ļī€Ŧī‚™ī¸ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŽīšīēī§īƒˇīžīƒ‚ī—ī‚‚īšī‚™ī€Ŧī§īēī„ī§īēī„īƒˇīžī—īƒ§ī‚ĩ
ī‚ˆīƒˇīžī‚ŧīĢī€Ŧī‚ģī€Ēī§īģī‚Žīšī–īžīƒ¤īšīŒī—īœīƒƒīĢīžī€°ī€ĒīŖī€Ēī‚˜ī–
īƒ¤ī€Ŋī‚Šīƒ‘ī‚‚ ī ī€Ŋī°ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī‚¸ī—īœ ī īƒˇīŊīœī§īŊī—ī‚‡īƒĻī‚ļīƒ†īēīšīƒ 
ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‘īƒˇīžī—īƒ§īƒī‚ˆī‚Šīēīĩīžī€Ąī€Ēī§ī‚ģīēīšī‚§īƒŦīƒ†īƒˇīžī™īƒ•ī™īšī‚Žīƒ¸ī§īŊ
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ī‚‚ī‚ī‚„ī§ī“ī‚īšīƒˇīšī‰ī€ŧīŒī‚ˇīšī€ąīĢī‚‡ī‚Šī§īžīƒī‚ŗī‚ī€Šī‚‡ī§īīšī‚‹
ī€Ąī€Ēīī€ŋīĻī§īšī‚¨ī§
ī‚˛ī€­īƒī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī‡ī…ī‡
īŠīƒ‡ī€¨īšī€Ŗīšī€ˇī‚Ĩī¸ī‚ƒīšī‚žīšīƒˇīšī‰ī€ŧīŒī‹īēīžīšīēī§īēīžīƒ
ī—ī§īƒ†īŠī€Ŗī‚ŗī‚īšīĢīĄīšīšī‚žī‚ŠīˇīžīƒŒī´īŸī€Žī€¯īĄīšī‚ƒīšī‚žīŖ
ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒ…ī€Ēī€Ēī‰ī¨ī€Ģīģīąīšīžī€ˇī§ī€ļīĨī€ŗī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī˜ī‡
īŠī‚Žīšīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī‹īēīžīƒ†ī‚ƒī€Ļ
ī€ī€Ēī§īēī€Šīģī‚ģīžīĨīšīƒĄīšīēī§ī´īƒŽī€Ąī‚ƒīƒąī‚žīšī€Ŗī´ī—ī€ĄīĢīˆīģīƒŦīƒ‚ī‘īšīĢī‚ģī‚Š
īƒŒīĢīˆīģīƒī™īƒ°īģīƒ ī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜ī‚ŽīšīšīĢīƒƒī€ēī§ī§īēī¸īžīĨīšīˇī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī˜īēīģī€­ī‚ģī§īēīŠ
īƒĨī˜īšīƒī§īēīŠī‚Šīēīīƒƒīžī°īšīēī§īŒīŒīƒĻī‚ļīƒ…ī‚Šīƒ°īˇīƒŗīƒŗī‚ģīŸī‚ˇī‚™īƒ¤īƒīƒˇīž
īƒ† ī ī—īƒ§ī‚ĩī‚ˆī‘īƒĢīƒ¤ī€Ąī€Ēīēī§īžīƒ…īšīēī§īžī‚Šīēīĩīžī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒĻīƒŖīĩī‚ģī§
ī°īŦī‚ƒī‚™ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī§īƒŦī‚¸īŒīŒī—ī īž ī ī‚Šī¨ī€Ģīšī§ī€ģīƒīƒĻīŗī‚ƒīƒ°īĩī‚ģī§ī‚Šīēī‚Ŧīƒ
ī€ĸīĩī°īŦī‚ƒī–ī‚žī€ŋīƒ¤īƒˇīŊī‚šī€¨ī€ŦīŊī‚Šīƒ”ī‹īēīžīƒƒīƒ¯īˇī‚ŠīŖī€ĒīƒŦī‚Žīšīž
īļī§īŊīšī—īŖī€Ēī‚ƒī–ī‚’īƒˇīŊīƒī¸ī‚ˇīšī€ąīĢī‚‡ī‚Šī§īžīƒƒīƒˇīšīŗī¸ī‰īšīēī§īšīšīƒƒ
īšīĢī‚§īĸīƒ…ī‚’īĢī€Ŧī€§īŒīŒīšī‚˜īƒ•īƒ¤ī“īē
īœī‚Ŗīƒ•īƒ¤ī“ī€Ĩī¸īŖī€Ēī‚ˇīšī€ąīĢī‚‡ī‚Šī§īžīƒŗīƒŗīšīēī§īƒˇīšī´īƒŒī‚ī¸
ī‚Šīĸīƒ†īšīĢī‚Šīēī§īƒ…īšī€Ŗīƒ–īžīĢīˆīģīĩīƒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī€¨ī€Ŧīŧī ī‚īƒˇīžīšī€Ŗīƒ–īƒ…
ī°īšī€Ļī‚šī‚„ī‚ī€ļī€Ŧī‚„ī€Ļī‚ƒīŸī‚īšīēī§īƒ§īĻīšīļī€Šī€Ĩī‚Šīēī–īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚
ī—īŠīšī‚Šīžīƒī‚˜ī¸ī‘ī§ī‚„ī‚ī‚Žīšīšī€ąīĢīƒƒīƒˇīšī‚ī¸īƒ ī‚Šīĸī‚žīƒ‹īƒ”īšīīƒƒ
ī‚Šī§ī—ī€Ąī€Ēī‚Šīžīšī‚Ŋīąī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§īšīĢīžīƒēī§īƒ‚ī–ī‚ģīƒŒīģī­ī‚™īšīƒˆī¸ī‚™ī€Ŧī˜īšīēī§
ī‘īšīĢīšī‚Ŋīąīžī€ļī€Ŧī‚Šīģīƒ…īšīƒŒīšīēī§ī‹īēīžīƒ…īŽīģī‚ģī§ī€­ī–īƒī€°īƒ’īšī‚™ī€Ŧ
īžī€ļī€Ŧī€Žīšī‚ļī‚žīžīƒēī§īīĻīšīī‚ƒī–īžīšīƒˇīšī€ŗīƒ’ī¨ī€´īƒ¯ ī˜ī…ī‡īƒƒī‚žī‚§īĸ
ī‚ģīŗī¸īēī‚ī¸īƒ īƒŽī–īƒī˜īšīƒī‚“īžī†ī§īēīŠī‚Ļī€¯ī§ī‚‰ī˜īšīąī€­ ī īĩī‚ģī§
59
īƒ­īƒ ī īƒ…ī°īšī›īžīŠīŖī€Ēī§īī‚ƒīƒ°īĩī‚ģī§ī‚Šīēī§ī‚Ŧīƒ ī ī‚Šīšī‘ī€Ŋīĩī‚ģī§
ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī§īƒŦī‚¸īŒīŒī€ŋīƒ¤īƒˇīšīšīƒšī‚‚īƒŒī‚ģī¸ī€ˇīˆīšīƒŒīŠī€­ī€ŋīƒ¤īƒˇīšīŗī¸
īēī‚ī¸ī‚ˇīšī€ąīĢī‚‡ī‚Šī§īžīŠī€­ī™ī–ī€ˇīƒ īŖī€Ēī€ŋī‘īƒˇīžī—īƒ§īƒī‚ˆīƒ”ī‚ŽīšīšīĢ
ī°īšī›īƒ†ī‚ˆīžīƒ¤īƒˆī‚™īƒ īšīēī§ī‚’īĢī€ŦīžīƒŽī§ī€ļī€Ŧīšīƒˇīšī€ŗīƒ’ī¨ī€´īƒ¯ ī˜ī…ī‡īƒ…īŊī€Žī€Ŗīƒ–īž
īĩī‚ģī§īƒĻīƒœīšī‚ģīŗī¸īēīœī¸ī€ˇī‚™ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēīƒŗīƒŗ
ī‚žīˇīƒ…ī€Ąī€Ēīī´īƒŦī‚žī‚¸īšīƒˇīšī‰ī€ŧīŒī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒŸīƒī–īƒƒī‚Šī§īĢī‚Šīƒ¯
ī§īƒŦī‚žī‹īēīžī€­īƒŖī—ī€ĄīƒŦīšīēī§ī—ī ī°ī‚Šīšīƒī‹īēīžīī­īƒŦīšī€Ŗīšīƒī‹īēīž
īī­ī€ēīƒĨīƒ‚ī‹īēīžī€­īƒŖī—ī€ĄīƒĨī€ąīšī›īēī‚„ī‹īēīžī™īžī€Ŧī‚ƒī‚Šīˆī˜ī‚Ŧīƒ„
ī‚žī€§ī–īƒƒī‚šī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜ī‚žīšīĢī€­īƒŖī—īƒĄī‚ģī€Ąī€Ēīƒīƒ™īŽī‚Šīēīšīēī§īšī›ī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīēī–īƒ
īƒĢī‚ƒī–īƒī‚žīŒīŒī‹īēīžī‚ģīƒīƒ™īšīžī‚ƒī€Ēī€Ēī‚ĸīēī§īžīƒŦī€ī€Ēī‚žī—īœīƒ¸ī§īšī‹īī­
ī‚ŠīŽīƒƒī˜īšīƒī‚§īĸī†īĻī™ī‚™īšī¸īƒ¤ī€°ī€ĒīƒŽīšīžī´ī€ēīƒ˛ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚žīšīƒ īšīƒ…
ī‚žīƒ°īˇīšī¸īƒŦī€ąīšī€Ŗīšī€ˇī€­īƒ†ī‚ģīēī­ī€Ŧīģīƒ¯ī‚Šīˆīƒ‚ī‘īēī‚„ī‚žīƒ°ī€§īˇī‚ƒī‚ˆī˜
īšī›ī‚ŧīšī€Ģī€Ąī€ĒīīƒŦī‚žī‹īēīžī‚Ŧī€­īƒŖīąī‚ļīēīģīšī›īƒšī™īžī€Ŧī‚ƒī‚Šīˆīšī‚¤ī€¯
īšīĢīēī‚‰īƒœī‹īēīžī€ļī€Ŧī€§ī€ŦīŊīī­ī‚¸īƒ‚īšī›īšīĢīƒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī‚ī‘īšī‚ģīŗī‚ģī‚ģī‚Ÿ
īƒŦīƒ†ī‚ŽīąīšīĢīēī‚‰īƒœī€§ī€Ŧīžī‚ļīēīģīšī›īƒŒī€§ī€ŦīžīƒŦī˜
īƒĸī€ē īšī’īƒ‘ī°īƒī‚Šīē
īēīēīžīĨīšī€ĨīēīšīƒŸī–īƒ† (Voter List) ī‚Œī–īšīƒ īšīžīšīąī€­
ī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī‚‘ī‚ƒīƒąī‚ƒī„ī‚īēī€ģī–īƒīēīģī€Ēī€Ēī¸īēīƒ­īƒĄī‚™īšī’īƒ‘ī°īƒ‡
ī™ī„ī‚ī‘ī—īœīƒƒīƒīƒ™ī‚‚īˇī‚ŠīēīƒĸīƒąīƒŸīˇī‚ƒī„ī‚īšīšī€ļī€Ŧīƒģīģī‚™īƒ¤īƒ
60
ī‚Ŧīƒĸīƒœī‚™ī‚Šīēī–ī€ī€Ēī‚žī€Ąī€Ēīī‚™īžī—īŽī˜
īąīžī€Ŗī§īēīšīŖī€Ēī‚Ĩīšī‚­ī€Ģī‚˛īƒ˛ īƒĻī‚ŠīƒīŖī€Ēī‚Ĩīšī‚­ī€Ģī‚˛īƒ˛
ī—ī īƒ†īšīĢī€ĨīƒĻī†īŽī—īƒ˜ī›ī‚Šīēī§īžīƒīƒ™īšī‚¨ī‹īšī°īƒ™īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īƒ‹ī€ēīƒ‹ī‚§īē
ī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖīžī€˛īƒŦīĨīƒŦīēīģī‚Šī‚´ī‚ƒīŖī€Ēī‚Šī€Ēīēīžī‚‰ī‹īƒŖī€ąīƒ”ī§īēīŠīƒ‡ī§īƒ…
ī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖīƒ”īƒƒī€¤ī€Ģīƒ”ī™ī‚Šīēīƒ”ī—īƒ‚īŒīƒ”ī‚Šī€Ŋīƒīƒ”īŦī€Šīƒ”īšīēīƒ‘ī‚Šīƒ…īƒšīƒīƒ¸īēī¸ī‚ƒī€Ēī€Ēīƒ”īš
īžīƒ¯ī­īēīšī‚ˇī´īƒ…ī‚ļīƒ”īšīēīƒ‘ī‚Šī‚ģī€Ēī€Ēī‚īƒ›īƒĸīšīšīēī§īƒŸī§īšī€ĩī€ļī€Ŧī‚ģīšīēī§ī‚Šīļī§īēīŠī€Ĩīģīƒ…
ī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖī‚‰īēī­ī€Ŧīģīƒ”īĨī§īšīƒŽī€¸ī€­īƒ‘īƒĄīƒ†īąīƒī‚™īƒ¤īžī‚Šīƒ˜īšī§īžīēī€Šīģīšīēī§
īšīĢī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖīƒ†ī‚ŦīƒīžīēīģīƒŸī‚Ŧīƒī–īƒ”īƒąīƒŸīžīƒ”īīƒ”ī™ī‚Šīēī‚¤ī€¯īēī–īƒ†ī€ļīž
īƒēī™ī„ī‚ī‚Žīšīšīƒī€¨ī€Ŧīžī§ī‚ļīƒ…īƒĸī€¸ī€­ī‚™ī„ī‚īšīēī§īƒŸīƒī–īƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖ
īƒƒīšīēī§ī€¨ī€ŦīŠī‚Šīƒ¯ī‚īƒ”ī‚ŽīƒŸīļīšīĢī‚ģī¸īƒ†īĄī‚…īƒĸīŸī‚ī˜īšī‚¤ī€¯īēīģī‚Ŧīƒ¯
īƒŒī‚ƒī–īƒ‚īšīšī‚ģī‚ŋī‚Ÿīƒšī€Šī‚ģī€¨ī‚ƒī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīšīēī§ī‚ŗī‚ŧīąīƒī€ˇī‚ƒī€ī€Ēī˜
ī‚—ī§ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛ī‚ģīšīēīīƒ‘īƒĨīšīēī§īƒŦī‚žī‚¯īƒ‹ī‚¸ī€Ļīƒ†
ī€ąīąīƒ”ī€ļī€Ŧī€Žīšīąīˇīƒ…īƒ¯ī­ī‚Šīˇīƒī‚Šī‚ŦīŖī€Ēī‚Šīēīšī‚™īƒ†īšīĢīƒƒī‚Šīƒ īĒīš
ī‚ŠīŊī‚™ī‚§īƒī‚īī‚Šīƒ‘īŽī˜īƒ‘īƒ…ī–īƒŸīļī‚¯ī‚¸ī€Ļīƒ¨ī€ŧīƒ˜īēī‰īƒ†ī—īœ
īƒ†ī—ī€Ēī€ēī‚Ŧī„īƒī—ī īƒŒī€ģīŖī€Ēī›ī‚ƒī§īƒŦī‚ī˜
ī‚—ī§ī°īšīēī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒ†ī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒīƒ“ī¸īŽīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€Žī…ī–īƒī‚ī
ī€°ī€Ēīƒ¤īƒ†īĄī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ”īƒ‹ī­ī€Ŧī‚ŋīƒ”īģī­ī˛ī‚ģīīĒī§īēīšī€ēī‡ī™ī„ī‚īšīēī§īƒīƒ™īŽ
īƒī§īƒ‰īƒ°īƒ…ī™īƒīƒŦī˜
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īšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīŖī€Ēī—īœīƒ†ī‚Šīēī‚„ī€Ļīƒ”ī§ī‚¸ī‚Šīšī§īƒ‹īƒŒīŽīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖīžī€˛
ī‚ƒī–īƒ‚ī‚šīƒ˜īšī‹ī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖīƒ…ī€Ŧīƒĸīžī‹īŖī€ĒīƒˇīŊī‚¯īšī€ļī€Ŧī§īšī‚‚ī‚‡īƒŦ
ī‚™ī€Ŧī€ī€Ēī‚žī‚—ī§ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒ†ī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īžīšīĢīƒ…īƒ‚īēī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖī‚Šīēī§ī‚ƒīƒ¤
īƒ†īĄīģī­īēī‚‰īƒœīžīģī­ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ”īƒ‹ī­ī€Ŧīƒ”ī‚ŋīƒ”ī˛īĩīŖī€Ēī§īƒ‰īƒ°īƒ†ī™īŽīšīēī§
ī—īœīƒŒī‚—ī§ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒ†ī§īēīąīƒŖī€ģīƒīƒĸīƒ‘īƒĸīˇī‚ƒī–ī˜ī‚–ī–īƒ
ī‚ƒīƒĸī§ī§ī‚ī˜ī‚—ī§ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒ†ī€ģīƒī‚Šīƒ īēī‚Šīƒĸī‚ŠīĒīšīąīƒī‚™ī€Ŧī˜
ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒīƒ†ī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒ”ī—īŠīƒŽī‚‚īˇīƒī‚—ī§ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒ…īŠī€°ī€Ģīƒ
īƒī‚„īšīĢī‚ģī§īƒ­īƒƒīšī‚ī¸ī‚ŠīŊī§īƒŦī‚ī´ī‚Ÿī—ī īƒŒī™ī§īžīƒŦīšīēī§ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ
īƒŒī‚—ī§ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒ†īƒīƒąī‚ƒīƒąīšīĢī§īšī€ĩī€ļī€Ŧīžī§ī€ģīƒŦī˜
ī—īœīƒŒīšī‹īƒ‹īƒŒīŽīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€ŽīƒŖīŖī€Ēī€ąīƒ†īĄīƒ­ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒīƒƒ
ī€Ŧīƒīƒĸīžī‹ī˜
īšī€Šīˇī‚˛īĢī‰ī§īĩī€ĩī€˛ī‚ī‚Žīšīƒī€ŗī‚Žīƒ‘īƒ°ī‚ī€šī€°ī€°ī€˛īƒĸī™īŠī€­ī‚ƒī–īƒī˜
ī§ī‚—ī€šīšī–ī‚Ĩīšī‚­ī€Ģ ī‚˛īĢī‰ī§īĩ ī€Ēī€Ēī”ī€¤ī€ī‚Šī§ī€Ŧīƒ­ī§
ī‚Ŧīƒ”ī§īƒŽīˇīēīƒĻīšīƒąī°īšīēīƒ˛ī€§ī€§ī€§īšī€ŋī¸īŠīēī§ī€šī€ĒīƒŽī‡īšīļīēī€§ī€Ŧī‚ģīīƒŗ
ī´ī€Ąī€Ēīī§īēī‚¯ī§īēīƒ—īƒ…ī‚§īĸīƒˆī–īƒŦī‚žī€ļī€Ŧīēī§ī‚Šīƒ‡ī§ī‚Ŧīƒīƒ¤ī”ī‚§īĸ
īƒƒī€ī€Ēī ī‚Šīšī§īšī­īƒī™ī‚ƒīƒ¤ī‚ģīƒ‘īŗī‚Ģī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīƒŦīšīƒī‚§īĸ ī īƒ¸ī§īŊī§īƒŽīˇī€Ŋīˇ
ī‚Žīƒī‚˜ī‡īˇīƒ˛ī°īšīēī°īšī‚›īšīŧīī‚Ĩīšī‚­ī€Ģī‚Œī‚˛ ī ī€Ēī€Ēī”ī€¤ī§īƒŽīˇ
ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒƒīĩī€ī€Ēī īšīēī€ąī™ī‚ƒīƒ¤īƒ…ī˜ī‚ŠīīƒīƒĻīŗī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīƒŦī˜ī°īšīē
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ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒ…īĻīšīīšī‚ŠīĢīƒ‹ī‚Ŧī§īŗīƒ…īšī ī€ˇīƒŦī˜ī€ēīƒœīŗīšīēī€°ī€Ēīĩ
īƒ‰ī‚Šī€Ēīƒ†īƒīƒšīƒīƒšīžī—īœīƒ…īēīƒ‘īĨī€¤īšīēī§ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīžī‚ģīĨīƒ¯ī€Ŗ
ī‚ƒīƒ¤īƒ…īƒšīƒī—īœīƒ†ī—ī€Ēī€ē ī īšīēī§ī—īˇīƒ‘ ī ī§ī€ģīƒŦī˜īēīšī§īŸī§īƒŽīˇ
ī€°ī€Ēīĩī€Ĩī‚œī€¯īšīšīšīēī¯īīƒŦīƒŠīšī€Ąī€Ēī­īšīēī§ī‚¸īī§īēīąīƒŖī‚ģī´ī‚Ŧīƒī‚žī‚ŽīƒŒ
ī‚Šīšīšīēī§ī‚¤īŠī‚Šīģī—īœīƒƒī‚˜ī–ī”īąīˇīžīŖī€Ēī‚Šī‚™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīšīƒīƒĻī‚Šī‘īƒŦīšīēī§
ī€ģīŖī€Ēī›ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦī˜īšīēī€ąī™ī‚ĢīŠī¸īžīƒœīŗī—īœīƒƒī‚„ī´īƒ‘īŗīšīēī§ī€Ĩīƒģīēī‚īƒĄīš
īąīƒīƒŦī‚žī‚ˆīēī‚™īˇī—īœīƒ…īƒŸīĸī€ĨīīƒŖīƒƒī€ļī€Ŧīēī§ī‚Šīƒ‡ī§ī‚Ŧīƒīƒ¤ī‚žīƒĸī§īŒīŒī‚˜īƒĨī…īš
īƒ”īšīļīƒĸīī‚°ī˛ī€Ŗīšīļīƒŗīƒŗīƒ…īƒĸī§īšīƒŖī‚’īĢī€ŦīƒīƒĢī§ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€ĒīƒŦī—īœīƒ†ī‚˛īĢ
ī‰ī§īĩīƒīƒ™ī‚‚īˇīƒĸīģī§īšī€Ŗīšīƒ”īšī€Ŗīƒ…īŠīƒī€šī‚ī€ī€Ēī§īƒĩīŠī€­īšī‚•īƒ°īˆī€Ŧīĩīē
īšīƒ°ī¸īēīƒ‘īēīšī‚īšī¸īƒ†ī‚‚ī‚ī—īœīƒ†ī—ī€Ēī€ēī€ģī‚ģī‚īƒĄī€ēī€ļī€Ŧīšī’īƒ‘ī°
īžīƒ‚ī‚ƒī„ī‚īšī€Šīˇīƒ¨īƒƒī§ī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‘īšīƒ´ī­ī€Ŧīžī€ī€Ēī§īƒĩīƒ†īŸī€ŽīšīĢī‰ī§īĩ
ī‚Ŋī¤ī€¤ī‚ģīšīšī‚Šī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜īƒ­īēī€§ī€Ŧī‚•ī€§īƒ†īšīĢī‰ī§īĩīŠīƒĸī€ēīžī‚Šīēī§īēī€´ī€Ŧī‚Šīąī€­īƒ
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ī‚˛ī€­īƒī€´ī€¯īƒĩ ī‡ī…ī‡
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ī°īšīēīƒ…īŠīŖī€Ēī§īīƒī‚¤īƒŒīīƒ
ī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īƒ†ī‚¤ī§īƒƒī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īƒŒīīƒ
ī†ī§ī‚Žī—īƒąīƒ‡īƒ‚ī‚ĄīƒŒīīƒ
ī—īƒ‘ī¸īēī˛ī”ī€¤īƒī‚īƒ›īšī‚ēī€ŠīƒŒīīƒ
63
īšī™īƒŦī‚šī‚˛īĢī‰ī§īĩī‚ģīŠīƒĸī€ē
īƒŸī—īƒ†ī‚Ŋīēīƒ‘ī€ąī–īšī‚žīƒŦī‚ī€Ĩīšī€ē
īšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīŖī€Ēī—īœīƒ†ī‚ŗīžī‚ŽīƒŒīąī‚ĸīžī‚ģīšī§īšī‚Šīģī§īŽī°ī‚ƒī–īƒ‚
ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒī‚™īƒąīšī‚Šīģī‚Ļīēīƒ‘īĨī€¤ī€ī‚˛īƒƒī€Ļī€Ģī§ī€Ŋī€¸ī‚¯īšīŖī€Ēīƒĸī‚ĸīēī§īŠ
ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŽī€ī€Ēī‚žīĩīƒ˛īąīƒ‘īīžī—īœīƒ…ī§ī€ģīƒļī‚ģīšīī¸ī§īƒŦīšīēī§īšīƒ¸īŖī€ĒīšīŠ
ī€ˇī§īžī€ļī€Ŧī€ĩī‚‡īī‚ƒīŽī˜īšī‚¤ī€¯īƒ‹īēīēīƒīąī‚ĸīžī€ēī‚ƒīŽīƒ‚īƒ¸ī„īˇ
ī€˛ī€Ģī§īēī€ĒīŠīƒ†īĄī§ī‚¸īƒĸīī€§ī€ŦīƒŸī€ˇī€šī—ī§īĨī§īŖī€Ēī€ļī€Ŧī‚‘īŗī‚īŖī€ĒīŠīĨī§īšīƒ…
ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒīšīƒļī˜īšīƒļī˜īēīƒ‘īĨī€¤ī€ī‚˛īƒ†īƒ˜ī€ļī€Ŧīšī§ī‚‚īˇī‚īƒ›īƒĸīƒ†ī‚Šīēī§ī‚ƒī„
ī‚ƒīŊīƒŒīƒ‘ī‚•ī€§ī‚˛īĢī‰ī§īĩīƒ…ī˜ī‚Šīīƒī‚ģī›ī‚ƒī–īšīēī§ī°īƒ›ī‚Šīžī°īšīē
īšī—īąīƒī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŽī˜ī—īœīƒ…ī€Ĩīƒī§ī‚ļī—īœīƒ…ī‚§īŗīƒī—īœīƒ…ī‚’īĢī€Ŧīƒ†
īŸī€Žī˛ī§īŗīƒ­īžī‚īƒĄīƒ¯ī‚™īƒ†ī—īœīƒ†ī‚Ŗī‚œī‚Šīƒ īąīƒī‚ƒīƒ¤īƒ†
īĄī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒąīƒ­īƒ…ī™īƒąīƒīšīēī§ī‚˛īĢī‰ī§īĩīƒ†ī‚ˆī˛ī‚ģīīšī§ī‚‚īˇīŊī€Žī€Ŗīƒ–
ī‚™ī‚Šīƒąī™īŽīƒī˜īšīŒī‚ŗī­ī€Ŧīēī–īšīēī§ī‚Šīēī€˛ī–ī€˛ī‚Šīļīšī‰ī¯īīą
īŧīšīīƒƒīƒŒīšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīšīĢīšī€Ĩīƒ…ī‚§īŗīƒĄīēī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŽīƒ‚ī´īšī€Ĩī€ēīƒœīŗī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒīƒ…
īŽī€Ģīī‚ģī€Ąī€Ēī‚¯ī€Šī‚ƒīƒ‡īƒ‰ī°īšīēī‚—ī§ī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛īƒ…ī°īƒ›ī‚Šīžīƒ…ī˜ī‚ŠīīƒŒ
ī—īœīƒƒīąīƒī‚ƒīƒī˜ī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒī‚‘ī€Ļīēī§īēīŠī—ī€Ēī€ēī‚Ŧī„ī€ļī€Ŧīƒ€ī‚˜īƒ“ī¸īšī‰ī¯īīƒ…
ī€Ŗīĸīēī‚‹ī‚Šīƒ†īĄīšīēī§ī“īƒŽī—īœī‚ģī›īƒ…ī†ī€Ŧī‚šī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īēīšī„īˇīšīēī§ī‚”īˇ
ī‚Ŗī‚œīƒ†īĄīžīēīŗī‚Šī‚ŦīƒŦī˜
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īƒ˛ īąīžī€Ŗī§īēīšīŖī€Ēī‚Ĩīšī‚­ī€Ģī‚˛ īƒĻī‚ŠīƒīŖī€Ēī‚Ĩīšī‚­ī€Ģī‚˛īƒ˛
ī‘ī‚Šī‚īƒ‘īēīąī‚„īžī‚Ĩīšī‚­ī€Ģī‚˛īƒ˛īƒīƒĻī‚Šīƒĸī€¸ī€­ī§īƒŦī‚
īšīēī§īąīžī€Ŗī§īēīšīƒ°īƒ†īĄīƒĨī§ī§īƒŦī‚īšīĢī€Ąī€Ēīīƒƒīšī‚¤ī€¯ī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤ī€ļī€Ŧī€ˇ
ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚ī´ī‚ŗī‚†īƒ‡ī‚žīēī€ģī–ī‚ƒī€Ļī‚ŧīšīĢīƒ†ī€§ī€Ŧī€īƒŦīšīļī‚Ŧīœī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšī€°ī€Ēīĩ
īžīšī€Ŗī°ī‚Šī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī‚žīŒīŒīƒ­īƒī‚Šī‚Ŧī‚™īēīžīŠīˇī‚™īēī–īƒ‡īƒŗīƒŗīšīēī§ī€¨īƒŦī‚ž
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īƒī‚„ī‚Šīīƒ†ī‚§īĒīšīžī€Žī‚™īƒ¤īƒ…īīƒąī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒ†īƒīƒąī‚ƒīƒą
65
ī§īšī€ĩī€ļī€Ŧī‚­ī™īƒ¨īšīĢī‚§īĸīšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒœīšī¯ī‚žīƒīŒī¸ī€ˇī™ī˜
ī‘ī—īƒīžī‚™īšī‚¨ī‹īƒĸī–īƒ…ī€Šīī‚ģīĻī‚™īƒŦī‚žīšīēī§ī˜īƒŸīļ
īƒ‘īŒī‚ī—īœī‚…īšī‹ī€ŠīīƒīŽīƒ‰ī´īƒŒīƒĢī‚ī‚žī‚ŽīƒŸīļīšīĢ
ī‚ģī¸īƒ†īĄī‚…īƒĸīŸī‚īšī‚¤ī€¯īēīģī‚Ŧīƒ¯īƒŒī‚īƒ‚īšīĢī‚§īĸīšīšī‚ģī‚ŋī‚Ÿīƒš
ī‚ƒī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīšī›ī—īœīĻī§īšī°ī‚Šī‚„ī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‰ī´ī€Ąī€Ēīī—īœīƒ†ī¸ī€īŊīž
īƒŒī—īƒ°ī‚ƒīƒīƒ†ī‚ŽīƒŸīļīƒ‹ī­ī€Ŧīēī€Šīģī‚Šīƒ¯ī‚īēīģī‚Šīƒēīƒ˛īƒ‚ī´ī‚™ī„ī‚īƒ†īƒĢ
ī‚ŧī€ˇīĻīĨī€ąīšīšīƒ†ī‚‚ī´īšīąī€­ī‚…ī€ˇī€Ŧīšī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒŸīļīšīĢīžīƒīšīŠīƒī€°ī€ą
ī€ˇī€Ļī€Ģī‚ĸīēī§īĨīšīŗī‚ī´īˆīƒŦī™ī´ī€˛ī€Ģī§īēī€ĒīŠīƒ†īĸī‚īƒ‚ī‘ī—īœī°ī‚Šīšī€°ī€ĢīšīŠīģ
ī‚™ī€Ŧī‚žīšīšīƒ‹ī­ī€Ŧīēī–īžīˆīšī—ī€Ŧī‚ƒīƒ‡ī‘ī—īƒī‚˜ī‚ī‚—ī§ī°īšīēī‚žī¤ī€¤īƒĸīšīŠīƒ˛
īƒ†ī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īƒī€ļī€Ŧī€Žī…ī–īƒī‚īī€°ī€Ēīƒ¤īƒ†īĄī‚Šī‚Ŧīƒ”īƒ‹ī­ī€Ŧīƒ”ī‚ŋīēīģī­
ī˛ī‚ģīīĒī§īēīšī€ēī‡ī™ī„ī‚ī‚Žī‚žī€Ąī€Ēīƒ‡īƒ‘īžīƒŦīŧī´īƒŦī‚žī‚˛īĢ
īƒīšīąī€­ī‚Šīēīƒĸīģī‰īšīƒ īšīžī˜īƒŸīƒī–īƒƒīƒĸīƒ‡ī™ī„ī‚ī‚žī‚…īšī‹ī€˛ī€Ģī§
īēī€ĒīŠīƒ™ī‚ŽīƒŸīļīƒ‚īĸī‚Ÿī‚Šīƒ¯ī‚īšī€ˇī˛ī‚ģīīƒ‡ī™ī„ī‚ī‚Žī‚ŧī€ˇ
ī‚Ŧīšī€ˇīƒƒīƒ°ī˛ī‚ģīī€ˇīƒ‡ī™ī„īƒ‚ī‘īƒŽīļīƒ†īƒ‹ī­ī€Ŧīēī˛ī‚ģīīƒ‚īĒ
ī€ēī§īƒŦīēīģīƒ‚ī‚Ļī–īƒ†ī€¤ī€ĢīƒĄīƒ‡ī™ī„ī‚īšīĢīƒ…ī–īˇī´īƒŦī‚žī€ŊīƒŒ
īƒĸīīƒŦī€ąīžī‚ŧī€ˇī€Ļīƒ‚ī€ŊīĒī‚ŧī€ˇī€ĩī™ī€ī€Ēīƒ‚īšīĢī‚ģīƒˆī‚ƒīš
īƒ†ī€ģīēī‚„ī€°ī€Ēī™īƒŦī‚Žī‚ŧī§ī‚ļī€ĻīƒŦīšī›ī€Ąī€Ēīīƒƒī‚ŋī‚™ī„ī‚ƒīƒą
ī‚ŠīēīĩīŊīƒĸīƒīīšīƒƒī§īƒœī‚™īēī–īƒ‡ī˜
66
ī°īšīēīƒ…īŠīŖī€Ēī§īīƒī‚¤īƒŒīīƒ
ī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īƒ†ī‚¤ī§īƒƒī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īƒŒīīƒ
īšī›ī—īœīƒŸīļī°ī‚Šīšī€°ī€ĢīšīŠīģī‚™ī€Ŧī‚žī˜ī¯īĢīƒŦīšīšī—īēī§īēī–īž
īšīąī€­ī‚§īŗīƒ‚īƒĢī‚ī‚žī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īƒ†īƒ”īƒ‡ī§īƒƒī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īƒŒīīƒīšīēī§ī‚ŋīšīĢ
īƒ†ī€§ī€Ŧī€īƒŦīƒŸīƒī–īƒīƒ‚ī´ī‚šī™ī§ī€ģīƒŦī‚ģī‚Šīēī‚Ēī€¨īīƒīšīēī§ī°ī‚Šīēī€ģī–
īƒąī‚Žī‚Šī‚ƒī„ī‚ƒīƒąīƒŒīƒˆīƒ†ī‚ī‚žī‚…īĸīƒ™ī°ī‚Šī‚„īšī‹ī€Ąī€Ēīīƒ…īƒ”
ī‚™ī§īƒŦī‚ī˜
īƒąī‚Žī‚ŠīģīŠīƒĸīƒ¤īžī‚Žī‚ŧī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§īēī–ī€ļī€Ŧī¯īīƒ†ī€Ēī€Ēī¸ī€ļī€Ŧī‚ƒī§ī€ģīƒŦ
ī˜īĻī™ī™ī‚…ī‚ī‚žī´īƒŸī‚ƒī§ī€ģīƒŦī€ąīšīšīƒ†īƒšīƒ¤īšīšīƒ…īŠī€Ąī€Ēī€ŗīƒą
ī§ī‚ŋī‚īƒƒīƒ°īƒŒī¨ī€Ąī€ĒīīƒŦīƒ†īĄī‚ģī§ī€ˇīƒŦī˜īąīƒ‘īƒ¨īšīšīƒ†ī‚‚ī´
īƒ…ī–īˇīƒąī‚Žī‚ŠīƒŦīƒ†īƒ´ī€¯ī‚™īšī¸īšī‚Žī€ļī€ļīšīŗī¸īžī‚Šīšī€´ ī ī‚—ī§
ī‚ƒīƒąīƒ‚ī‚—ī§īšīƒ¤īšī€ˇī‡īēī–īƒ…īŠīŖī€Ēī§īīƒī‰ī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīšī€Ŗīšī˛ī–īƒ¤īƒ‚ī‚Š
īƒ¤īšī€ˇī‡īēī–īƒ…īŠīŖī€Ēī§īīƒ…īšī™īŠīī‚ŠīŊī‚Šīžīƒ‚ ī īēīƒ‘īĩīƒƒī™īšī€ąīƒ‚ī‚—ī§
īƒ†īšīƒŽīģīƒĩīƒī€¤ī€ˇīĻīĨī‚žīƒīšīŠīƒī‚ŧ ī īˆī€§ī€ŦīˇīžīĻī™īƒŒī‚—ī§
ī‚˛īƒĄīƒ†īĄīƒŸīƒī–īƒƒīšī¨ī‚§īĸīƒ‚ī‚Šīƒ…ī‚Ŋī‚Šīžī™īƒąīšīēī§īšī€ˇīŠīŖī€Ēī§ī
īŠī§īƒ†ī‚§īĒī‚Œīƒąī™īŽī‚‰ī‚‰īēī‚‰īƒœī—īƒī€¨ī€Ŧīŧī§ī€ģīƒŦīšī€Ŧīšī€Ŧ
ī€§īƒ—īšī§īēī–ī€ļī€Ŧīšī€ĨīšīƒƒīīƒŒī—īƒī€¨ī€Ŧīŧī§ī‚„ī‚ī˜īšī›īŊī‚Šī¤īƒ‚ī‚Šī§ī€Ąī€Ēī§ī€ļī€ŦīĨī‚šī
īšīļīƒ…ī‚§īĸīƒŽīšīŗīˆī™ī§ī€ģīƒŦīŊī€ļī€Ŧīšī˛ī–īƒ¤ī€ļīŊīƒ…ī‚Šī‚™ī€°ī€ĒīƒŖīĨīšīƒ‘
67
ī‚ƒīšīƒŦīƒ†ī´ī€°ī€ĒīƒŖī—ī›īŠī¸īŠī¸īƒ…ī‚§īĸī†ī§ī€­ī–īƒīƒ‹ī‚ŠīƒĒīƒŦīšīēī§ī†ī€ļī€Ŧī‚ŠīŊīˇ
īĨīšīƒ ī™ī§ī‚„īƒŦī€ˇī§īŊīƒąīŠīĩīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īšīēī§ī‚Šīƒēīƒ˛īˆī™ī§ī€ģīƒŦī‚žī‚Žīšī€¨ī€ˇ
ī‚™īŊīƒ‡ī˜īēīģī€ŗīžī™īƒąīƒ‡ī˜īƒ‰īšīąī€­ī‚™ī‚Šī€īšīĢīžīƒ‚īšīąī€­ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī´
īƒˆī§īƒŦī‚ī‚žī‚Žīƒƒīƒ°īƒ‹īƒŒī‚‰ī‚„īƒīšīĢī‚ģī­ī‚ƒī‚ŠīŊīˇī€ˇīĨīšīƒĄīƒ‡ī˜
īēīģī‚ŧīīžīŒī‚Šīšī€´ī€ˇī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜īšīēī§ī€ēīĨīšī€ĨīēīšīƒŸī–īƒƒīƒĸī–īƒ‡īƒ…īŽīžīŽīž
īƒ‡ī€ąī–ī‚Šīžī™īƒī‚ī˜ī†ī€ŋī‡īēī–īƒƒī€žīŊī‡ī™ī§īƒŦī‚īšīēī§ī‚Ĩī€¯ī‚Ĩī€¯īšī‚™
ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‡īƒīƒĻī‚Šīƒ”īƒ…ī™ī§ī‚„īƒŦīƒ¸ī§īŊīƒ§īƒ‘īŊīžī´īąīƒŖīƒ†
ī€ĨīŽīƒ…ī‚§īĸī‚’ī›īƒŦīšī›īšīšīƒŸīƒī–īƒƒī‚Œī€Ēī€Ēī‚‰īˇīƒŦīŗī€Ąī€Ēīī€Ļīšīļ
ī€ēī€īšīĨī€¤ī‚ŠīŊīšīƒīƒƒīƒ°ī€īšīĨī€¤ī€ˇī‚ŠīŊī™īšī‚¤ī€¯ī—īœīšīšīƒŸīƒī–īƒīŊī‚žī´
ī‚ƒī€Ļī‚ŧīƒ‘īĩīƒŦīƒ‚īƒĢī‚īˆīƒ¸ī§īŊī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒ‘īĩī‚™ī„ī§īƒŦī‚ī‚ŽīƒĢ
īšīĢīƒƒī§ī¨ī‚Šī€Ŧīƒ¸ī§īŊī€Šī€Ŧī§īļīƒĢīƒīŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģī‚™ī€ąīƒēī§īŽī°ī‚¸ī˜ī€ąīēīģīƒŸīļī´
ī€ˇīƒŽī€Ąī‚žīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒ‹ī‚ģī‚ŋī‚Œīƒ›ī—īšīēīĩī§ī€¤īƒ†īŸī€Žī€ˇī‚ƒīƒ‡ī˜īƒ‚īēīģīšīŗī¸
īžī‚‡ī€ŽīƒžīŠīˇī€ˇīƒŦī˜īĨīƒŦīēīģīƒ¸ī§īŊī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–īƒ¤ī‚šī‚ƒīŖī€Ēīƒ¸ī§īŊīŖ
ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒ¤ī‚šī‚ƒī˜
68
ī€ļī€Ŧīēī—īĨīšīƒ‹ī‚¤īƒīƒ™īšīƒ˜ī‚Šī§īž
īšī›īĻī§īšī€ļī€Ŧīēī—ī‚¤īƒīƒ™īšīƒ˜ī‚Šī§īžīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžī€Ąī€Ēīī‚ƒī™īƒąī‚ž
ī‚Žīšīšīąīēī–īƒƒī€Šī€¤ī€Ģī‚Ŧīīēīšī€Ĩīšīƒƒīī€¨īƒƒī‚īƒ›īēī˛ī‚ŠīŊī§īƒŦī‚ī˜īƒˇīšīƒŦīˇīƒŦ
ī‚žī€Ąī€ĒīīƒŦī‚Œī–īšīƒ īšīžīšī‚ļī§īƒĻī´īƒŸīēīšī§īžīšī‚ļī§ī—ī€ī€ĒīƒĨīēī€ģī–
ī‚Šī‚Ģīƒīīƒ†ī‚ŧī€ŦīīƒŒī‚ƒī„īšīąī€­ī‚ŠīŠīšīĢīžī€ļī€Ŧīēī—ī‚¤īƒīƒ™īšīƒ˜ī‚Šī§īžī‚ģ
īšīƒšīēī€­īƒ–ī”īžīšī˛ī–īƒ¤īĩī īšīƒ…ī—īšī‚ģīĻī‚™īˆīšīēī§ī‚šī‚žīƒ¸ī§īŊ
īīšīšīžī˜ī‚‰ī‚„īƒ†īƒŸīļī‚īƒĄīƒ¯ī‚īŊīšī‘ī§ī€¤īƒ”ī‚Šī€­īƒˆīžīƒ”ī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžīƒ”
īšī€Ŗī˜ī‚īƒĄīƒ¯ī‚īƒƒīƒ°īƒēīŠīžī§ī‚Ģī¨ī€Ģī€Ģī‚™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīƒƒīƒ°ī€ˇī‚™ī€ī€Ēīƒƒīƒ°ī€ģī‚īŠī§
ī€ŋī€Ąī€Ēī€°ī€Ģīŧī§ī€ģīƒŦīƒ‚īƒƒīƒ°īŠīĢī€Ŧī€Ēī€Ēīŗīšīēī§īƒƒīƒ°īī€ģī‚īƒƒīƒ°īšīēī‚œī—īēīšīŠīžī—īŊīƒˆ
ī§ī€ģīƒŦīƒƒīƒ°ī—īƒ—īƒīƒƒīƒ°īšīƒĸī¸īƒ†īƒēīƒŸī§īīƒƒī‚ī€ˇī€ŦīĢīƒŦīƒƒīƒ°ī€ˇī€ˇī€ŦīĢ
ī€ąī§īƒƒīąīēī€ī‚Šīƒ‚ī˜īšīąī€­īēī‚‰īƒœī‚™ī„ī‚īšīēī§īƒƒīƒ°īšīąī€­ī‚ŠīēīĩīŊī€ļī€Ŧīšī‚‹īšīŽ
69
ī€ˇī‚™ī€ī€Ēīƒ‚īƒˇīŊī€´ī€Ŧī‚Šīąī€­ī€Šī‚Ēī€ļī€Ŧīēī—ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī€¨ī‚ƒī€Ļīƒ…īƒēīŠī‚ƒī™īƒīƒŦī˜
īšīšī‚ģī´īƒ’īšī€ˇī€Ŧīŧī‚™ī€¨ī€Ŧīšīī—ī€Ŧī‚ƒīšīšīēī§ī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžī‚Šīēī€˛ī–īƒī‚šī‚žī´ī‚Žī€§ī€Ŧīˇīž
ī‚ŦīƒīƒŦī´īŊī€Žīšī‚™īŊīƒ†ī€§ī€ŦīˇīĨī€¤īƒī‚ƒīƒƒī‚Šīēī§ī‚™ī‚ŠīŊīƒ‡ī™īƒ¨ī´īšīēī§
ī€§ī€ŦīˇīžīĻī™īƒ…ī‚§īĸīƒ‹ī‚‰ī‚„ī€ļī€ŦīŽīƒŦī€ˇī‚™ī€ī€Ēī˜īšīĢīƒ†ī‚ˆīžīīƒą
īˇī¸ī§ī‚‚īƒĄīžīšīšīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊī€ˇī€ŦīĢī§īŒīƒ‚ī‚‰ī‚‰ī´ī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗī‚ī§ī‚ƒī„
ī‚‰īšīēī§īšīƒīšīąī€­ī‚Ŗī¸ī‚¯ī€ąīƒ‚ī‘īšī˛ī–īƒ¤īēī‚„īšīŒī€Šī€Ŧī§īƒī–ī‚ģīī‚Šīģī˜ī€ą
īšīēī§īšī‘ī§ī€¤īēī‚Šī€­īƒˆīƒ…ī€Ŗī‚ŋīžī€¨ī€Ŧīžī€¨ī€Ŧīžī‚ŊīĢī€Ŧī€Ŧī‚™īƒ¤īƒ‘īšīēī§īŠīŖī€Ēī‚Šīģ
īŠīēī§īšīƒī€Ąī€Ēīī€ŋī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦī‚žī€ŠīšīļīƒīƒĻī‚Šīƒĸī‚‰ī™īžī€ŦīƒŦīƒ‰ī‚Œī–īŠī€­īƒĢ
ī‚ī‚žīšī­īƒī™īēīšīēī€ąī™īƒƒīƒīƒ™ī€Ąī€Ēīī‚ģīšī€¨ī§ī‚ŠīŖī€Ēī‚ŠīˆīƒŦīšīēī§īšīąī€­ī€¨ī€Ŧīžī€ļī€ŦīšīƒŖī‚ŊīĢī€Ŧī‚”
īšī€Ŗī´īĩī īšīƒ…ī—īšīƒ†īĄīīģīšī‚‰ī‚™ī„ī‚¸ī˜īēī€ģī–īƒĢī‚īƒ†
īƒˇīŊīšī—īƒąīšīēī§ī€Ŋī‚›īŖī€Ēīšīēī§īƒŦīƒ‘īƒ†ī‚¤īƒīƒ™īž ī ī§īšīīƒƒī‚—ī§
ī‚Œī–ī‚ŧīĻī™īƒ…ī‚Šīƒēīī€ŋī€°ī€ĒīƒŽīšī—īŖī€ĒīƒĨīšīēī§īšī›īƒ°ī€Ŋīēīšī€ēī™ī€Ēī€ĒīƒŦī€ą
īƒˇīŊī€°ī€ĒīĢī‚™īšī´ī€ˇīƒŦī‚Žīēīšī€ēī™īĒī–ī€ŋīšīĢī‚ģī‚ŧīšīī¸ī‚™īēī´ī‚šīƒŖ
īšīŒīĨīƒŦīēīšīƒŸī–īƒƒī‚‹ī‚™ī‚ģī‚°īƒĸīˇī‚Ļīˆīšī›ī—īœīšīšīƒ…ī¯īĢī‚ģīšī€°ī€ĢīšīŠīģ
ī•ī§īƒ€ī‚īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤īšī€ˇ ī ī‚™ī€Ŧī‚žīšīąī€­ī‚§īŗīƒ‚īƒĢī‚īƒ†ī‚—ī§
īƒīƒ™ī‚§īĸī‚ģīšī€¨ī§ī‚ŠīŊī§ī€ģīƒŦīƒ‚ī‚Šīēīĩīžī‚§īŗī‚—ī§īƒ†īĄīīģī‚Ļī‚™ī§īƒŦ
ī‚ī‚žī‚—ī§īƒ†ī€ēī‚Šī´ī™īƒ¤īƒ†īĄīšī€ˇī‚˜īŠīƒ†īīƒ†īĄīĸ
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70
ī€Ąī€Ēīī‚Žī€¨ī€ŦīžīƒīƒŦī‚žīšīšīƒŸīƒī–ī‚ģī¯īģīƒŦīƒ†ī‚—ī§īąī‚ĸīēī€Ēī€Ēīƒ¸ī‚īƒ‚ī‚Ž
īąī‚ĸī€Ēī€Ēī‚ĸī‚ƒī„ī‚īēīģī€ēī‚Šī´īƒī‚˜īŠī‚ģīžī‚™īƒ†ī€ēī—ī„ī‚īšīēī§ī€ēī™ī„
ī‚īƒĢī‚ī€ēīƒ†īšī‚¨ī‹īšīšī€Ŗīšīąī€­īƒ‘īžī€ąī­īƒŦīƒ‚ī€ąī­ī‚„ī ī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦ
īšīēī§ī€ļī‚žīƒąī‚Žī‚Šīģī‚Šīēī§īžī—īœīšī‚¤ī€¯ī‚°īšī‚Ēī€¨īžī™īŽīƒ‚īšī‚¤ī€¯ī‘īƒ†ī‚‚ī´
īšīąī€­īƒ‘īžī€ąīƒ‘īšīēī§īēīģī‚Ēīƒīƒ™ī‚ƒī‚Šīˆīƒ†īƒ‘īžīƒŦīƒ‚īšīĢī‚ŋī‚ģī‚‚ī§īšīƒ’īšīšīēī§ī€ˇī§īš
īšī’ī‚„īƒ‘īŽī€Ēī‚ƒī™īƒąīƒ‡ī€ļīƒ†īšī‚¤ī€¯īšīąī€­ī‚ģī‚īƒ›īƒ¨īšī´īžīˆīƒŦī‚žī‚›īš
ī‚ƒī‚ŠīˆīƒŦīƒ‚īšīƒī‚›īšī€ēī‚Œī™īƒąīƒ‡ī€ąī´ī€Ąī€Ēīīšī‚¤ī€¯īƒƒīƒ°ī‚›īšī‚žī‚žīž
ī‚ģī‚īƒ›ī‚ƒī‚Šīˆī˜ī‚–īˇīšī¤īŧīī€§ī€Ŧīˇīžīƒ†īēīģī‚ģī‚īƒ›ī‚ƒī™īƒąīƒ‡īƒ‚īšī›ī—īœī°ī‚Š
ī€ļī€Ŧīēī—ī‚¤īƒīƒ™īšīƒ˜ī‚Šī§īžī‚ģīšī€°ī€ĢīšīŠīģī‚™ī€Ŧīƒī—ī ī‹īēīžī€ļī€Ŧī„īƒ™īšī§īēī–īƒŸīļī€¨ī€Ŧīžī‚Šī°
īƒīšīšīƒ…ī‚ŊīĢī€Ŧī€Ŧī†ī§ī‚īšīēī§īƒŽī€Ąī‚īƒ†ī´īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ‚ī€šī¸īƒŦīƒƒīƒ°ī´
ī‚™ī€ˇī™īšīēī§īŊīƒ‚īƒĢī‚īƒ†īšīšī‚ģī„īšīƒšīēī—īƒŦīƒ†īēīģīƒŸī‚™ī‚„ī€ˇ
īī¨īƒ‚īƒĢīŊīƒīƒ†ī€­īšī‚ģī„īˆīƒīƒĨī‚Žīšīąī€­ī¨ī€Ąī€Ēīīƒƒī´ī€ēī‚™īƒ†
īĨīšīģī‚ƒīƒ‡īšīēī§ī‚Ēī€Ŗīƒ–īŠī€­īĨīšīģī§īƒŦīƒ‡ī˜
71
ī§īēīĒī–īƒ…ī‚™ī€Ē
ī‚ģī›īšī¤īŧīīšī‚Ŗī§ī‚Ÿīģīšīšī‹īƒ‚ī›īŒīŒī§īēīĒī–īƒ…ī‚Šī€Ēīƒŗīƒŗīƒ†
ī‚™ī€˛ī€ąī€ąīƒ”ī€ąī€ąī€ąī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īšīƒĸī¸ī§ī–ī‚†īšīƒŸī€ģī›īƒ„īšīƒŖī‚ŠīĢīšīļīĩīģīšī‚°ī€Ąī€ĒīƒŖ
īƒļīšīšīšīƒ„ī€¤ī‚œīƒŽ ī‡ī‡īšī‚–īžīžīšī§ī‚īƒĄī‚Šī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚īƒ“ī¸ī—ī›ī€¤ī€ĢīšīŒīŖīēīƒŽī–īƒƒ
īƒ‹ī‚Žī€Šī‚™ī„ī‚īšīēī§ī‚Šī€Ēīēī€§ī€ŦīŠīŖīēī‚Ēī€Ŗīƒ–īƒīƒ™ī€¨īƒ…ī§ī–īžīšīšī€ļī€Ŧīƒŗīģ
ī§īŽī°ī‚ī‚Œī–īŠī€­īƒ†īƒœīšī¯īƒī€°ī€Ēī§ī‚ƒī™īŽīšīēī§īšīĢīƒī—īƒī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚
īƒ“ī¸ī—ī›īēī‚ī™īƒŸī‚īšīŒīšīŒī‚Ēīēī–īƒ…īƒ‹ī‚Žī€Šī‚™ī„ī‚īšīēī§īšī€Ŗīšīš
īƒ†ī‚Ēīƒ…ī§īēīĸīƒ‡ī īƒŦīšī€Ŗī‚”ī‡īēī€Ŧīšīšīƒ…ī‡īžīƒŽīšīˇī‚™īƒ¤īƒ†īĄ
ī—ī„ī‚īšī€ŖīšīĢī‚ģī‚ī‚ƒī€ī€ĒīƒŦīšī€Ŗī€Ēī€Ēī€Šīšīąīˇī”ī‚īšī€Ŗī‚ˆī›ī€ą
ī™ī€ī€ĒīƒŦīšī€Ŗī‚ŋī‚°ī‚īšī€Ŗīƒœīšī¯ī€ļī€Ŧī‚¸īƒŦī‚žīŽīƒīƒ™īąīˇīžīšīĢīƒ…
ī‚˜īƒŖī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī˜īšīēī§īƒ‹ī€¨īšīĢīƒī‚¸ī‚…ī€ˇī‚ƒī„ī˜īƒ¸ī§īŊīšī€ĒīĻī‚
72
īšīƒ‘īŗī¸īšīƒĸī¸ī€Ēī€Ēīƒœīšī‚­ī€Ģīƒ˜īƒŖīƒĸīƒ‹īƒ˛ī‚ģīšī€Ŗīšīƒ™īˇī‚ƒīšī‚‰ī‚™ī‚Ŗī–īƒ¤īšī€ˇ
ī°īšī›īžī‚Šī‚Ŧī€ˇī™īšīļī‚Ŧīœīƒ¤īšīšīƒ†ī‚‚ī‚īˆīˆī‚šīšī€Ŗī‚”ī‡ī€Ŧīƒ¤
ī€ŊīƒŽīšīˇīƒ†īĄīƒ¨īŖī€Ēīšīƒĸī¸īƒĸī‚´ī€Ŋī°īƒ‘īƒąīšīēī§īšīšīƒī‚īƒ›īƒĸīŖī€Ēīšī€¨ī‚ŋīƒŒ
īšīĢīƒ…īąīžī€Ŗī§ī‚‚ī˛īƒŦī‚žīšīĢīƒīŊī€Žīšīēī§īƒŽīˇī€ļī€Ŧīšīšīšīƒ†ī€Ąī€Ēī§īŊīžīƒŽīšīˇ
īˆī™īƒąīšīĢīƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīĢīƒīšī‚ĩī‚ƒī‚™ī´ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī€Ŧī€Ģīƒ­īƒīšī‚ĩ
ī‚ƒī‚‰īšī€Ŗī¸ī™ī‚™īšī¸īƒąīƒ†īēī‚‰īƒœī‚Šī€Ēīēī—īšī€ĨīīžīšīŒīŖīēīƒŽī–
īšīēī§ī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīēī–ī‚ģīƒ’ī°ī§īŽī°ī‚īƒ‚īšīšī‚§īšīŖī€Ēīšīƒ¨īšī€ŧīƒ˜ī‚ģī‰ī‚„īˆīƒŦī‚ŽīŠīŊīƒ…
īƒ…īšī€Ŗīƒ–ī€ļī€ŦīšīĢīƒ†īšīŊī§īƒ¨īšīļ ī īƒƒī‚īšīēī§ī‚Šī€Ģīƒ†ī€˛īšīšīēī§ī‚īƒĄī§īą
ī‚ŦīœīĨīšī‚Žīšīļīšī‚ēīšīļīšī‚ēī˜
īšī›ī—īœīšīąī€­ī€Šī™ī€Ģī€¤ī‚Šīšī§īšī‚¨ī‹īšīƒ…ī‚§īĸīšīĢī‚šīƒŖī€ļī€Ŧī‚¨ī§ī‚™ī€Ŧīšīēī§
īšīƒīšīŗī¸īƒ…ī¸īī€ļī€Ŧī€ˇī‚™ī€Ŧīƒ‚ī‚Ģī€Ąī€Ēīī´ī‚žīĄī‚ļī‚œīžīžīƒ‡
īƒ‘īēīąī‚ƒīƒ°īƒ‚īˆī‚Žī‚ŦīƒŸīļī‚¸ī‚Žīƒ‹īšīƒĸī¸īƒ†ī‚Ēī€ēī‚¸īƒ‚īˆīšīšīƒŸīƒī–īƒ…
īƒĻī‚Šīƒ†īĄīƒƒīƒ°ī€ˇī—īƒąīƒ‡ī˜īšīēī§ī—īœīšī­īƒī™īƒ†ī°īšī›īƒ†īƒŽīšīƒ‹īƒ†ī°īšī›īƒƒ
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īƒ‚īšī‹īĨīŧīīƒƒīƒ’īƒąīƒƒī´ī‚Ŋī‚Šī€Ŧī‚žīēī€ģī–īļī§īž ī īŧīī‚ˇī€
īƒƒīƒ°īƒĻī‚Šī€ˇī‚™īŊīƒ‡ī˜īƒŽīšīƒąīļī§īŊīšīŒīšīąīˇīƒ†ī´ī€ĩī€Ąī€Ēī€§ī‚Šīēī§īąī‚ĸ
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ī€ˇīšī†ī€Ŧī€§īšīĢī‚§īĸīƒ‚īšīąī€­ī‚Ŧī¸ī—ī‚Šīƒ˛īƒŽī¤īƒ‡ī‚žī€Ŋī‚„ī‚Šīī‚™īƒ¤īƒ…īˆ
73
īąīžī€ŖīƒˇīŊīŖī‚™ī˛ī€ŖīƒŒī‚īšīēī§īžī‚ĒīƒŒī‚ƒī–īƒ‚ī‘īƒˇīžīƒĻī‚ŠīēīģīƒŸīļ
ī‚™ī€ŦīƒīšīĢīąīƒ…ī–īˇīƒ¸ī§īŊī‚‚ī´īƒŦī‚žīƒ¸ī§īŊīšīĢīƒ§īƒ‘īŊīž
īšī€ŦīƒŒīƒŸīļī‚ī‚ŽīŊī€Žīšīƒ…ī‚„ī‚Šīīƒ‚ī‚™ī„ī‚īšīēī§īŖī‚™ī˛ī€Ŗīƒ†ī€°ī€ĒīĢ
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ī‚™īšīƒ°ī‚ƒīƒ°ī—īœī€ļī€Ŧī‚ģīƒ‘ī™ī‚Šīēī‚ģīšī—ī€ŦīƒŦīšīšīąīēī–ī‚ģīƒ‚ī¨īƒ‚ī€¨ī€Ŧīšīƒ‚īƒŦī€ąī—īœ
īƒŸīƒī–īƒ†īĄīžīģī­īƒƒīƒ’ī‚™īēī–īƒ‡ī—īœīƒŸīļīĨī§ī‚‹īƒīƒ™īƒ”īšīīƒƒī—īŖī€Ē
ī‚™ī€Ŧī‚ƒī€Ļī‚ŧī€´ī‚ƒī™īƒąīƒ‡ī‘ī‚ƒī€ī€Ēī´īƒŦīēīģī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīƒˆīƒ˜ī–īžī‚Ēī‚„
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ī§īƒŦī‚īƒ‚ī‚ģī›īŖī‚™ī˛ī€ŖīƒĢī‚ī€ŋīšī€ŦīƒŸīƒī–īƒī€Ąī€Ēīī‚„ī€ēī‚™īēī´
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ī‚īƒ›īƒĸī„ī‚ī˜īžīšīŒī€Ĩī¨ī€Ģīƒ…ī€ļī€Ŧī€Žī…ī–īž
ī€šī€Žī€ŗī‚šīƒ¯ ī…ī‡ī‡īƒ›īēīšīƒ‘ī‚ƒī–īšī€Ŗī€°
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267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
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267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf
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267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf

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267402544 islamic-book-1-pdf