14410779731257090974
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•604 views
The document discusses eyewitness testimony (EWT) and several studies that have investigated factors that can impact the accuracy of EWT. It summarizes a key 1974 study by Loftus and Palmer that found leading questions can distort eyewitnesses' recall of details, with those asked if a car "smashed" providing higher speed estimates. Later studies also found weapons focus and misleading post-event information can negatively impact accuracy. However, EWT in real-life situations like armed robberies has been found to be more reliable, though individual differences like age, anxiety, and alcohol consumption are also factors.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![What is EWT? ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
613454781255777868
Cognitive interviewing is an interview technique based on principles of psychology to improve memory recall compared to standard questioning. Research shows a 34% increase in correct recall when using cognitive interviewing techniques like changing order and perspective of questions and having witnesses reinstate context. However, some studies found no improvement over control groups. While brief training can help, the success of cognitive interviewing seems to depend more on the interviewer's skills. The effectiveness is difficult to evaluate conclusively due to variations in technique use across police forces.
14297421661257090778
The multi-store model of memory proposes that memory consists of three separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Information is transferred from sensory memory to short-term memory through attention and rehearsal. It then passes to long-term memory through further rehearsal, where it is stored more permanently. Research provides support for distinguishing between the stores but also suggests the model is an oversimplification.
MEMORY
Memory is an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences over time. There are three main types of memory: sensory memory, which briefly stores sensory information; short-term memory, which can hold a small amount of information for 10-15 seconds; and long-term memory, which can store vastly larger amounts of information indefinitely. Long-term memory is divided into declarative memory (facts and autobiographical events) and procedural memory (skills and habits). The processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving memories in the brain allow us to form, organize, and recall our memories.
The Mind And Brain Of Short Term Memory
The document discusses theories of short-term memory (STM) structure and capacity. It describes both multi-store models which view STM and long-term memory (LTM) as separate systems, and unitary-store models which view STM as activated representations in LTM. Evidence is presented supporting both views, with newer evidence favoring unitary-store models and an STM capacity of approximately 4 items that can be maintained through focused attention. Frontal cortex is believed to support executive attention processes rather than memory storage.
Cognitive 08 - 04 short term memory
The document summarizes Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi-store model of memory. It describes the model's key components including sensory stores, short-term memory, and long-term memory. It also discusses later developments such as Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory, which includes the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive. The document also briefly covers levels of processing and implicit learning.
Memory
This document outlines the key concepts covered in Chapter 6 on memory. It discusses the three processes of memory - encoding, storage and retrieval. It also summarizes several models of memory, including the information processing model and levels of processing model. Additionally, it defines and provides details about the different types of memory, including sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory, and different classifications within long-term memory like declarative and nondeclarative memory. Other topics covered include organization of memories, cues that help with retrieval, accuracy of recall vs recognition, formation and deterioration of memories over time.
Simpson_Austin_Thesis Paper
1) The document discusses a study that investigated whether subliminally priming the color of a suspect's shirt can influence eyewitness identification. Participants watched a crime video and later identified a suspect from a lineup. The shirt color of each suspect was primed subliminally with a color word that either matched or didn't match the shirt.
2) Contrary to expectations, participants did not choose suspects more frequently when primed with a matching color. However, over 90% of participants falsely identified a suspect, despite the actual culprit not being in the lineup.
3) This study explored how implicit or subliminal priming could influence eyewitness identification, which has received little attention compared to research on explicit memory
Loftus and memory pp
This document discusses several studies that demonstrate how memory can be unreliable and manipulated. The Loftus and Palmer (1974) study showed that using different words to ask about a car crash led participants to estimate different speeds. Later studies showed how false memories could be implanted about experiences like hot air balloon rides. Even memories of stressful events like interrogations were found to be vulnerable to misinformation. These studies highlight how human memory reconstructs rather than perfectly recalls experiences, and is influenced by new information.
Recommended
613454781255777868
Cognitive interviewing is an interview technique based on principles of psychology to improve memory recall compared to standard questioning. Research shows a 34% increase in correct recall when using cognitive interviewing techniques like changing order and perspective of questions and having witnesses reinstate context. However, some studies found no improvement over control groups. While brief training can help, the success of cognitive interviewing seems to depend more on the interviewer's skills. The effectiveness is difficult to evaluate conclusively due to variations in technique use across police forces.
14297421661257090778
The multi-store model of memory proposes that memory consists of three separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Information is transferred from sensory memory to short-term memory through attention and rehearsal. It then passes to long-term memory through further rehearsal, where it is stored more permanently. Research provides support for distinguishing between the stores but also suggests the model is an oversimplification.
MEMORY
Memory is an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences over time. There are three main types of memory: sensory memory, which briefly stores sensory information; short-term memory, which can hold a small amount of information for 10-15 seconds; and long-term memory, which can store vastly larger amounts of information indefinitely. Long-term memory is divided into declarative memory (facts and autobiographical events) and procedural memory (skills and habits). The processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving memories in the brain allow us to form, organize, and recall our memories.
The Mind And Brain Of Short Term Memory
The document discusses theories of short-term memory (STM) structure and capacity. It describes both multi-store models which view STM and long-term memory (LTM) as separate systems, and unitary-store models which view STM as activated representations in LTM. Evidence is presented supporting both views, with newer evidence favoring unitary-store models and an STM capacity of approximately 4 items that can be maintained through focused attention. Frontal cortex is believed to support executive attention processes rather than memory storage.
Cognitive 08 - 04 short term memory
The document summarizes Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi-store model of memory. It describes the model's key components including sensory stores, short-term memory, and long-term memory. It also discusses later developments such as Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory, which includes the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive. The document also briefly covers levels of processing and implicit learning.
Memory
This document outlines the key concepts covered in Chapter 6 on memory. It discusses the three processes of memory - encoding, storage and retrieval. It also summarizes several models of memory, including the information processing model and levels of processing model. Additionally, it defines and provides details about the different types of memory, including sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory, and different classifications within long-term memory like declarative and nondeclarative memory. Other topics covered include organization of memories, cues that help with retrieval, accuracy of recall vs recognition, formation and deterioration of memories over time.
Simpson_Austin_Thesis Paper
1) The document discusses a study that investigated whether subliminally priming the color of a suspect's shirt can influence eyewitness identification. Participants watched a crime video and later identified a suspect from a lineup. The shirt color of each suspect was primed subliminally with a color word that either matched or didn't match the shirt.
2) Contrary to expectations, participants did not choose suspects more frequently when primed with a matching color. However, over 90% of participants falsely identified a suspect, despite the actual culprit not being in the lineup.
3) This study explored how implicit or subliminal priming could influence eyewitness identification, which has received little attention compared to research on explicit memory
Loftus and memory pp
This document discusses several studies that demonstrate how memory can be unreliable and manipulated. The Loftus and Palmer (1974) study showed that using different words to ask about a car crash led participants to estimate different speeds. Later studies showed how false memories could be implanted about experiences like hot air balloon rides. Even memories of stressful events like interrogations were found to be vulnerable to misinformation. These studies highlight how human memory reconstructs rather than perfectly recalls experiences, and is influenced by new information.
Literature ReviewIn an article written by Eakin et al. in 2003 f.docx
Through five studies, Eakin et al. found that exposure to misleading post-event information significantly impaired participants' ability to recall accurate information. They used modified opposition tests and found that participants who received misleading information were more likely to recall the misinformation than accurate details, even with warnings. Loftus confirmed these findings, noting some groups are more susceptible to misinformation effects. Rivardo et al. also found misinformation effects occurred whether the inaccurate information was received individually or collaboratively. Valentine and Maras demonstrated that cross-examination techniques like leading questions can cause witnesses to change their answers and testimony.
Morgan misinfo ijlp2013
This study examined whether misinformation could influence memory for stressful events experienced during military survival training. Over 800 participants took part in a mock prisoner of war camp as part of their training. They experienced an interrogation and a propaganda speech. Participants were later given memory questionnaires that either contained no misinformation, misinformation about interrogation details, a misleading photo, or a misleading video about the propaganda speech. Exposure to misinformation negatively impacted memory accuracy for event details and identification of interrogators. The findings demonstrate that memories for stressful experiences are vulnerable to distortion from misinformation, even in highly trained individuals.
Morgan misinfo ijlp2013
This study examined whether misinformation could influence memory for stressful events experienced during military survival training. Over 800 participants took part in a mock prisoner of war camp as part of their training. They experienced an interrogation and a propaganda speech. Participants were later given memory questionnaires that either contained no misinformation, misinformation about interrogation details, a misleading photo, or a misleading video about the propaganda speech. Exposure to misinformation negatively impacted memory accuracy for event details and identification of interrogators. The findings demonstrate that memories for stressful experiences are vulnerable to distortion from misinformation, even in highly trained individuals.
Writing Sample
This document summarizes research on the causes of eyewitness misidentification. It identifies several key factors that can lead to mistaken eyewitness identification, including memory influences like overconfidence and the effects of retrieval cues on recall. It also discusses how a lack of knowledge among legal professionals and jurors can contribute to errors, as well as how focusing on a weapon during a crime can impair an eyewitness's memory of other details. The document analyzes multiple studies on this topic and provides an in-depth review of the psychological research into why eyewitness testimony is not always reliable.
Focus&Questions&Article&3&Memories&of&Things&Unseen”&B.docx
Focus&Questions&
Article&3:&“Memories&of&Things&Unseen”&
By&E.&F.&Loftus&
&
Remember:'You'do'not'have'to'answer'all'of'these'questions'in'your'summary'and'
application'essays.'An'understanding'of'these'focus'questions'will'help'you'synthesize'your'
responses'to'the'essay'questions'in'the'quiz.'
'
As'you'read'the'Loftus'article'and'write'your'summary'consider:'
• What'is'the'main'point'of'the'article?'
• What'do'we'know'about'memory'and'false'memories'from'studies'that'use'the'“lost'
in'the'mall”'procedure,'according'to'Loftus?'
• Why'do'we'need'studies'that'attempt'to'plant'implausible'or'impossible'memories?'
• Loftus'mentions'a'few'of'the'“most'powerful'methods'of'suggestion;”'give'examples'
of'these'from'the'research.'
• Why'is'this'research'important?'What'are'some'negative'consequences'of'false'
memories?'
'
As'you'read'the'Loftus'article'and'write'your'application'consider:'
• Given'what'you'learned'about'the'three'processes'of'memory'(Chapter'9:'The'
Knowing'Mind:'Memory),'how'might'false'memories'be'introduced'in'encoding,'
storage,'and/or'retrieval'of'memories?'
• The'Loftus'(2004)'article'mentions'that'many'therapy'techniques'use'“imaginationS
based'interventions”'(pg.'145).'Looking'ahead'to'Chapter'15:'Healing'the'Troubled'
Mind:'Therapy,'how'might'studies'of'false'memory'inform'psychotherapy?'
• What'other'aspects'of'this'article'remind'you'of'topics'addressed'(or'to'be'
addressed)'in'class?'(Tip:'Review'relevant'material'covered'in'Chapter'4:'The'
Biological'Mind:'The'Physical'Basis'of'Behavior'and'Chapter'9:'The'Knowing'Mind:'
Memory).'
'
Please¬e:&References&to&chapter&numbers&above&are&specific&to&the&OSU&custom&edition&of&
the&Cacioppo&&&Freberg&2e&(2015)&textbook&and&may¬&correspond&to&the&textbook&used&in&
the&Honors§ions&of&Psychology&1100.&
'
'
Focus&Questions&
Article&3:&“Memories&of&Things&Unseen”&
By&E.&F.&Loftus&
&
Remember:'You'do'not'have'to'answer'all'of'these'questions'in'your'summary'and'
application'essays.'An'understanding'of'these'focus'questions'will'help'you'synthesize'your'
responses'to'the'essay'questions'in'the'quiz.'
'
As'you'read'the'Loftus'article'and'write'your'summary'consider:'
• What'is'the'main'point'of'the'article?'
• What'do'we'know'about'memory'and'false'memories'from'studies'that'use'the'“lost'
in'the'mall”'procedure,'according'to'Loftus?'
• Why'do'we'need'studies'that'attempt'to'plant'implausible'or'impossible'memories?'
• Loftus'mentions'a'few'of'the'“most'powerful'methods'of'suggestion;”'give'examples'
of'these'from'the'research.'
• Why'is'this'research'important?'What'are'some'negative'consequences'of'false'
memories?'
'
As'you'read'the'Loftus'article'and'write'your'application'consider:'
• Given'what'you'learned'about'the'three'processes'of'memory'(Chapter'9:'The'
Knowing'Mind:'Memory),'how'might'false'memories'be'introduced'in'encoding,'
storage,'and/or'retrieval'of'memories?'
• The'Loftus'(2004)'article'mentions'that'many'therapy'techniques'use'“imagina ...
Reability of eye witness
Eyewitness testimony is unreliable due to flaws in human memory and perception. Memories are reconstructed rather than recorded, and are susceptible to biases and post-event information. Leading questions can influence a witness's response. While improvements have been made, eyewitness identification remains problematic in legal cases.
Jennifer Afana's Honors Thesis
This study examined whether experimenter expectations affect participants' memory accuracy and confidence. Participants viewed shapes and later completed a memory test with a research assistant. Without the assistant's knowledge, half or one-third of the answers on their answer sheet were incorrectly keyed. Results showed experimenter expectations did not impact accuracy but did significantly influence participants' confidence in their correct answers. When participants were correct but the experimenter expected the wrong answer, participants had lower confidence than when the experimenter also expected the correct answer. This suggests experimenter expectations can subtly impact witness confidence without affecting accuracy.
Running Head MISINFORMATION EFFECT1MISINFORMATION EFFECT2.docx
Running Head: MISINFORMATION EFFECT 1
MISINFORMATION EFFECT 2
Abstract
This paper explores various published articles which depict research results from studies conducted on the effects of misinformation on eyewitness testimony. Misinformation is “false or inaccurate information, especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive” (Oxforddictionaries.com). With the use of misinformation it may be possible to mislead witnesses allowing them to present false information. This papers examines articles from researchers such as Blank, Ost, Davies, Jones, Lambert and Salmon (2013), Loftus (2005), Chrobak and Zaragoza (2013), and Eakin, Schreiber and Sergeant-Marshall (2003) in relation to other studies conducted in order to determine how misinformation is introduced, possible reasons the effect occurs, and suggestions on how to reduce its effects.
The Misinformation Effect and the Effects it has on Eyewitness Testimony
There is a wide misconception that a person’s long-term memory actually records experiences exactly as they happened. However, memories and events we have are very malleable and can be altered and/or molded. It is proven fact that our long-term memory is susceptible to errors. The impreciseness in a person’s memory can further be altered with the misinformation effect. The misinformation effect transpires when mislead information is presented to someone after they have experienced the event.
Misinformation can have unfavorable consequences in investigations and trials. “The fallibility of eyewitness memory is a crucial problem in the administration of justice, and documented cases of false convictions based on faulty eyewitness testimony abound” (Zaragoza, Payment, Ackil, Drivdahl & Beck, 2001, p. 473). Over the past few decade numerous studies have been conducted centering on the various facets and implications of the misinformation effect and how it affects eyewitness testimony. Through the introduction of misinformation to someone’s thoughts and observations, they can easily be manipulated, leading them to dictate false or inaccurate information. Misinformation may be presented in many ways to witnesses such as I nterviewing, cross-examination, and narratives. This paper examines research that has been conducted from various authors in regards to how misinformation is introduced, possible reasons the effect occurs, and suggestions on how to reduce its effects as well as propose where additional research may be conducted to further understand this phenomenon.
It has long since been discovered that the misinformation effect exists and can have negative effects when it comes to eyewitness testimony. In 2002, 110 inmates were released from prison due DNA exonerations making them not guilty. Out of the 110, eleven were on death row. In the majority of these cases the individuals were convicted largely on the testimony of eyewitnesses.
Numerous studies have been conducted over the past forty-f.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Artificial Intelligence and Electronic Warfare
Artificial Intelligence and Electronic WarfarePapadakis K.-Cyber-Information Warfare Analyst & Cyber Defense/Security Consultant-Hellenic MoD
AI & Electronic Warfare"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor Ivaniuk
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Your goto partner for Oracle Cloud, PeopleSoft, E-Business Suite, and Ellucian Banner. We are a firm specialized in managed services and consulting.
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectors
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
June Patch Tuesday
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Apps Break Data
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their Mainframe
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-Efficiency
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
More Related Content
Similar to 14410779731257090974
Literature ReviewIn an article written by Eakin et al. in 2003 f.docx
Through five studies, Eakin et al. found that exposure to misleading post-event information significantly impaired participants' ability to recall accurate information. They used modified opposition tests and found that participants who received misleading information were more likely to recall the misinformation than accurate details, even with warnings. Loftus confirmed these findings, noting some groups are more susceptible to misinformation effects. Rivardo et al. also found misinformation effects occurred whether the inaccurate information was received individually or collaboratively. Valentine and Maras demonstrated that cross-examination techniques like leading questions can cause witnesses to change their answers and testimony.
Morgan misinfo ijlp2013
This study examined whether misinformation could influence memory for stressful events experienced during military survival training. Over 800 participants took part in a mock prisoner of war camp as part of their training. They experienced an interrogation and a propaganda speech. Participants were later given memory questionnaires that either contained no misinformation, misinformation about interrogation details, a misleading photo, or a misleading video about the propaganda speech. Exposure to misinformation negatively impacted memory accuracy for event details and identification of interrogators. The findings demonstrate that memories for stressful experiences are vulnerable to distortion from misinformation, even in highly trained individuals.
Morgan misinfo ijlp2013
This study examined whether misinformation could influence memory for stressful events experienced during military survival training. Over 800 participants took part in a mock prisoner of war camp as part of their training. They experienced an interrogation and a propaganda speech. Participants were later given memory questionnaires that either contained no misinformation, misinformation about interrogation details, a misleading photo, or a misleading video about the propaganda speech. Exposure to misinformation negatively impacted memory accuracy for event details and identification of interrogators. The findings demonstrate that memories for stressful experiences are vulnerable to distortion from misinformation, even in highly trained individuals.
Writing Sample
This document summarizes research on the causes of eyewitness misidentification. It identifies several key factors that can lead to mistaken eyewitness identification, including memory influences like overconfidence and the effects of retrieval cues on recall. It also discusses how a lack of knowledge among legal professionals and jurors can contribute to errors, as well as how focusing on a weapon during a crime can impair an eyewitness's memory of other details. The document analyzes multiple studies on this topic and provides an in-depth review of the psychological research into why eyewitness testimony is not always reliable.
Focus&Questions&Article&3&Memories&of&Things&Unseen”&B.docx
Focus&Questions&
Article&3:&“Memories&of&Things&Unseen”&
By&E.&F.&Loftus&
&
Remember:'You'do'not'have'to'answer'all'of'these'questions'in'your'summary'and'
application'essays.'An'understanding'of'these'focus'questions'will'help'you'synthesize'your'
responses'to'the'essay'questions'in'the'quiz.'
'
As'you'read'the'Loftus'article'and'write'your'summary'consider:'
• What'is'the'main'point'of'the'article?'
• What'do'we'know'about'memory'and'false'memories'from'studies'that'use'the'“lost'
in'the'mall”'procedure,'according'to'Loftus?'
• Why'do'we'need'studies'that'attempt'to'plant'implausible'or'impossible'memories?'
• Loftus'mentions'a'few'of'the'“most'powerful'methods'of'suggestion;”'give'examples'
of'these'from'the'research.'
• Why'is'this'research'important?'What'are'some'negative'consequences'of'false'
memories?'
'
As'you'read'the'Loftus'article'and'write'your'application'consider:'
• Given'what'you'learned'about'the'three'processes'of'memory'(Chapter'9:'The'
Knowing'Mind:'Memory),'how'might'false'memories'be'introduced'in'encoding,'
storage,'and/or'retrieval'of'memories?'
• The'Loftus'(2004)'article'mentions'that'many'therapy'techniques'use'“imaginationS
based'interventions”'(pg.'145).'Looking'ahead'to'Chapter'15:'Healing'the'Troubled'
Mind:'Therapy,'how'might'studies'of'false'memory'inform'psychotherapy?'
• What'other'aspects'of'this'article'remind'you'of'topics'addressed'(or'to'be'
addressed)'in'class?'(Tip:'Review'relevant'material'covered'in'Chapter'4:'The'
Biological'Mind:'The'Physical'Basis'of'Behavior'and'Chapter'9:'The'Knowing'Mind:'
Memory).'
'
Please¬e:&References&to&chapter&numbers&above&are&specific&to&the&OSU&custom&edition&of&
the&Cacioppo&&&Freberg&2e&(2015)&textbook&and&may¬&correspond&to&the&textbook&used&in&
the&Honors§ions&of&Psychology&1100.&
'
'
Focus&Questions&
Article&3:&“Memories&of&Things&Unseen”&
By&E.&F.&Loftus&
&
Remember:'You'do'not'have'to'answer'all'of'these'questions'in'your'summary'and'
application'essays.'An'understanding'of'these'focus'questions'will'help'you'synthesize'your'
responses'to'the'essay'questions'in'the'quiz.'
'
As'you'read'the'Loftus'article'and'write'your'summary'consider:'
• What'is'the'main'point'of'the'article?'
• What'do'we'know'about'memory'and'false'memories'from'studies'that'use'the'“lost'
in'the'mall”'procedure,'according'to'Loftus?'
• Why'do'we'need'studies'that'attempt'to'plant'implausible'or'impossible'memories?'
• Loftus'mentions'a'few'of'the'“most'powerful'methods'of'suggestion;”'give'examples'
of'these'from'the'research.'
• Why'is'this'research'important?'What'are'some'negative'consequences'of'false'
memories?'
'
As'you'read'the'Loftus'article'and'write'your'application'consider:'
• Given'what'you'learned'about'the'three'processes'of'memory'(Chapter'9:'The'
Knowing'Mind:'Memory),'how'might'false'memories'be'introduced'in'encoding,'
storage,'and/or'retrieval'of'memories?'
• The'Loftus'(2004)'article'mentions'that'many'therapy'techniques'use'“imagina ...
Reability of eye witness
Eyewitness testimony is unreliable due to flaws in human memory and perception. Memories are reconstructed rather than recorded, and are susceptible to biases and post-event information. Leading questions can influence a witness's response. While improvements have been made, eyewitness identification remains problematic in legal cases.
Jennifer Afana's Honors Thesis
This study examined whether experimenter expectations affect participants' memory accuracy and confidence. Participants viewed shapes and later completed a memory test with a research assistant. Without the assistant's knowledge, half or one-third of the answers on their answer sheet were incorrectly keyed. Results showed experimenter expectations did not impact accuracy but did significantly influence participants' confidence in their correct answers. When participants were correct but the experimenter expected the wrong answer, participants had lower confidence than when the experimenter also expected the correct answer. This suggests experimenter expectations can subtly impact witness confidence without affecting accuracy.
Running Head MISINFORMATION EFFECT1MISINFORMATION EFFECT2.docx
Running Head: MISINFORMATION EFFECT 1
MISINFORMATION EFFECT 2
Abstract
This paper explores various published articles which depict research results from studies conducted on the effects of misinformation on eyewitness testimony. Misinformation is “false or inaccurate information, especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive” (Oxforddictionaries.com). With the use of misinformation it may be possible to mislead witnesses allowing them to present false information. This papers examines articles from researchers such as Blank, Ost, Davies, Jones, Lambert and Salmon (2013), Loftus (2005), Chrobak and Zaragoza (2013), and Eakin, Schreiber and Sergeant-Marshall (2003) in relation to other studies conducted in order to determine how misinformation is introduced, possible reasons the effect occurs, and suggestions on how to reduce its effects.
The Misinformation Effect and the Effects it has on Eyewitness Testimony
There is a wide misconception that a person’s long-term memory actually records experiences exactly as they happened. However, memories and events we have are very malleable and can be altered and/or molded. It is proven fact that our long-term memory is susceptible to errors. The impreciseness in a person’s memory can further be altered with the misinformation effect. The misinformation effect transpires when mislead information is presented to someone after they have experienced the event.
Misinformation can have unfavorable consequences in investigations and trials. “The fallibility of eyewitness memory is a crucial problem in the administration of justice, and documented cases of false convictions based on faulty eyewitness testimony abound” (Zaragoza, Payment, Ackil, Drivdahl & Beck, 2001, p. 473). Over the past few decade numerous studies have been conducted centering on the various facets and implications of the misinformation effect and how it affects eyewitness testimony. Through the introduction of misinformation to someone’s thoughts and observations, they can easily be manipulated, leading them to dictate false or inaccurate information. Misinformation may be presented in many ways to witnesses such as I nterviewing, cross-examination, and narratives. This paper examines research that has been conducted from various authors in regards to how misinformation is introduced, possible reasons the effect occurs, and suggestions on how to reduce its effects as well as propose where additional research may be conducted to further understand this phenomenon.
It has long since been discovered that the misinformation effect exists and can have negative effects when it comes to eyewitness testimony. In 2002, 110 inmates were released from prison due DNA exonerations making them not guilty. Out of the 110, eleven were on death row. In the majority of these cases the individuals were convicted largely on the testimony of eyewitnesses.
Numerous studies have been conducted over the past forty-f.
Similar to 14410779731257090974 (8)
Literature ReviewIn an article written by Eakin et al. in 2003 f.docx
Literature ReviewIn an article written by Eakin et al. in 2003 f.docx
Focus&Questions&Article&3&Memories&of&Things&Unseen”&B.docx
Focus&Questions&Article&3&Memories&of&Things&Unseen”&B.docx
Running Head MISINFORMATION EFFECT1MISINFORMATION EFFECT2.docx
Running Head MISINFORMATION EFFECT1MISINFORMATION EFFECT2.docx
Recently uploaded
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Artificial Intelligence and Electronic Warfare
Artificial Intelligence and Electronic WarfarePapadakis K.-Cyber-Information Warfare Analyst & Cyber Defense/Security Consultant-Hellenic MoD
AI & Electronic Warfare"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor Ivaniuk
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Your goto partner for Oracle Cloud, PeopleSoft, E-Business Suite, and Ellucian Banner. We are a firm specialized in managed services and consulting.
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectors
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
June Patch Tuesday
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Apps Break Data
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their Mainframe
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-Efficiency
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Mutation Testing for Task-Oriented Chatbots
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Leveraging the Graph for Clinical Trials and Standards
Katja Glaß
OpenStudyBuilder Community Manager - Katja Glaß Consulting
Marius Conjeaud
Principal Consultant - Neo4j
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Recently uploaded (20)
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor Ivaniuk
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor Ivaniuk
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectors
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectors
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their Mainframe
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their Mainframe
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-Efficiency
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-Efficiency
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Leveraging the Graph for Clinical Trials and Standards
Leveraging the Graph for Clinical Trials and Standards
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
14410779731257090974
- 1. What is Eye Witness testimony? video clip What is Eye Witness testimony? video clip
- 3. Three stages of EWT
- 4. Eyewitness testimony Loftus and Palmer (1974)
- 8. Findings Verb Mean Speed estimate Smashed 40.8 Collided 39.3 Bumped 38.1 Hit 34.0 Contacted 31.8
- 18. ARMED ROBBERY
- 29. WEAPONS FOCUS