Bill Gates outlines 11 rules that are not typically taught in school but are important for success in the real world. The rules cover topics like: life not being fair, the world not caring about self-esteem until accomplishments are made, low-paying jobs being opportunities, parents' boringness stemming from responsibilities rather than inherent traits, schools eliminating losers and failures while the real world does not, and the importance of treating all people well because future employers may have been past "nerds".