The document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses that Java was created by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1995 and the latest version is Java SE 14. It then describes several key concepts and features of Java including: it being object-oriented, simple, secure, platform independent, robust, portable, dynamic, architecture neutral, high performance, multithreaded, and distributed. It also discusses the Java Virtual Machine, Java Runtime Environment, Java Development Kit, and main Java platforms.

1. Module 1

2. • Java was originally developed by James
Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since
been acquired by Oracle) and released in 1995
• The latest version of Java is Java SE 14
released on March 2020

3. Java Buzzwords

4. Object- Oriented
• Java is an object-oriented programming
language
• In Java, everything is an object which has some
state and behavior.

5. Simple
• Java is easy to learn. Java language is a simple
programming language because:
 Java inherits the C++ syntax and many of
the object-oriented features of C++.
 Pointers , operator overloading are not
there in Java.
 There is no need to remove unreferenced
objects because there is an Automatic
Garbage Collection in Java.

6. Secure
• Java virtual machine verifies the byte-code
before executing it. There are cases when a
program jumps to wrong locations that can
hold malicious data.
• The JVM guarantees that such kind of unsafe
operations do not exist.
• Java does not support pointers concept, which
further enhances the security of java. Through
pointers one can reference some arbitrary
memory locations to do unauthorized read

7. Platform Independent

8. Platform Independent
• Java code is compiled by the compiler and
converted into byte code.
• This byte code is a platform-independent code
because it can be run on multiple platforms,
i.e., Write Once and Run Anywhere(WORA).

9. Robust
• Robust means reliability and no other
language other than java assure this.
• It provides the powerful exception handling
and type checking mechanism.
• There is automatic garbage collection in java
which runs on the Java Virtual Machine to get
rid of objects which are not being used by a
Java application anymore.
• There is a lack of pointers that avoids security
problems

10. Portable
• Portability means program written on one
type of machine can be executed on a wide
variety of machines.
• As java bytecodes are architecture and OS
independent , they are highly portable and
can be executed on any machine without any
change

11. Dynamic
• Java is a dynamic language. It supports
dynamic loading of classes.
• It also supports dynamic linking. A java
application can be linked to a library at run
time.
• Native method library (contains native
methods) are linked at runtime.

12. Architecture neutral
• Byte-code is not dependent on any machine
architecture. Java compiler generates byte
code which can be executed on any processor
with the presence of JVM
• In Java, the size of the primitive data types
is machine-independent, which were
dependent in the case of C/C++.
• Moreover, any changes and updates made in
Operating Systems, Processors and System
resources will not enforce any changes in Java

13. High Performance
• Java is an interpreted language ,so it will never
be as fast as a compiled languages like C,C++.
• But Java enables high performance with the
use of Just-In-Time compiler.
• Just-In-Time compiler , which is a part of JVM
, is a program that converts a portion of
bytecodes into machine code which is then
executed by the processor

14. Multithreading
• Java multithreading feature makes it possible
to write a program that can do multiple tasks
simultaneously.

15. Distributed
• Java is distributed because it facilitates users
to create distributed applications in Java.
• RMI and EJB are used for creating distributed
applications.
• A distributed application is software that is
executed or run on multiple computers
interconnected by means of a network. These
applications interact in order to achieve a
specific goal or task.

16. JVM
• The main components of JVM are
 CLASS LOADER : loads all necessary classes
needed for the execution of the program
 BYTECODE VERIFIER : will verify whether the
generated bytecode is proper or not.
EXECUTION ENGINE: executes the bytecode

18. • The compiler will compile the three files and
produces 3 corresponding .class file which
consists of BYTE code.
• The Java VM or Java Virtual Machine resides
on the RAM. During execution, using the class
loader the class files are brought on the RAM.
The BYTE code is verified for any security
breaches.

21. Java Runtime Environment(JRE)
• Provides environment only to run the java
program.
• JRE comprises of JVM and a set of libraries
JVM + Libraries set
JRE

22. JDK
• Stands for Java Development Kit
• Provides the environment to develop and
execute the java program
• JDK comprises of JRE and Development tools
JVM +
Library
Set
+ Development Tools
JDK

23. Java Programming Language
Platforms
 There are four platforms of the Java
programming language:
 Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java
SE)
 Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java
EE)
 Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)
 Java FX

24.  Java SE
 provides the core functionality of the
Java programming
 defines everything from the basic types
and objects to high-level classes that are
used for networking, security, database
access and GUI development.

25.  Java EE
 Java EE platform is built on top of the
Java SE platform
 provides an API and runtime
environment for developing and running
large-scale,scalable, reliable, and secure
network applications.
 Java ME
 provides an API and a virtual machine

26.  Java FX
 platform for creating rich internet
applications written in Java FX Script.
 Java FX Script is a language that is
compiled to Java technology bytecode,
which can then be run on a Java VM
 Applications written for the Java FX
platform can include and link to Java
programming language classes.

27. Object Oriented Concepts
 Object
 Class
 Abstraction
 Polymorphism
 Inheritance
 Encapsulation

28. Object
 Any entity that has state and behavior is
known as an object.
 An object contains an address and takes
up some space in memory.
 It can be physical or logical.
 It is an instance of a class.
 Examples??????

29. Class and Encapsulation
 Collection of objects -:class.
 Class doesn't consume any space.
 Defines the structure and behavior
that will be shared by a set of objects.
 Encapsulation:bind together code and
data it manipulates
 Data :Member variable
 Code that operates on data:Methods

30. Inheritance and Abstraction
 One object acquires the properties of
another object.
 Inherit general attributes from its parents.
 Abstraction is a process where you show
only “relevant” data and “hide”
unnecessary details of an object from the
user.

31. Polymorphism
 “Many forms”
 One interface to be used for a general
class of actions.
 Expressed by one interface and multiple
methods.
 Complexity can be avoided.