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The purpose of our study is to compare how fans react to rivalry across different professional sports leagues. We surveyed a total of 4,247 fans of teams in Major League Baseball (MLB), Major League Soccer (MLS), the NFL, and the National Hockey League (NHL) to measure dis-identification toward the top rival of respondent's favorite team, as well as prejudice, relationship discrimination, and schadenfreude toward that rival team's fans. We also measured the level of fan identification with each respondent's favorite team. The results reveal a strong pattern of greater animosity toward rivals among NFL fans compared with fans of other leagues.
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The purpose of our study is to compare how fans react to rivalry across different professional sports leagues. We surveyed a total of 4,247 fans of teams in Major League Baseball (MLB), Major League Soccer (MLS), the NFL, and the National Hockey League (NHL) to measure dis-identification toward the top rival of respondent's favorite team, as well as prejudice, relationship discrimination, and schadenfreude toward that rival team's fans. We also measured the level of fan identification with each respondent's favorite team. The results reveal a strong pattern of greater animosity toward rivals among NFL fans compared with fans of other leagues.
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To test for regional variations in reactions to sports rivals, we recruited a sample of highly identified fans across four professional leagues: Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, National Football League, and National Hockey League. To distinguish teams by region, we utilized the four primary delineations adopted by the US Census (Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, West)and included Canada as a fifth region. Results show two clear distinctions by region that match our general expectation based on regional profiles. First, the Northeast is different from other US regions. Second, Canada is distinct from the US. Both of these differences are evident in fans’ level of team identification and reaction to rival fans. Fans of professional teams in the US Northeast are significantly less identified with their favorite team compared to the other three US regions. Fans of Canadian teams are even less identified with their favorite teams compared to all US regions. Despite lower identification, fans of teams in the US Northeast are significantly more bias against their team’s rival compared to all other US regions in each of the four measures we employed to represent animosity toward rivals (i.e., prejudice, relationship discrimination, schadenfreude, dis-identification). Conversely, fans of Canadian teams were significantly less bias toward rival fans compared to US fans on all four measures.
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Eugene Chandler
To test for regional variations in reactions to sports rivals, we recruited a sample of highly identified fans across four professional leagues: Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, National Football League, and National Hockey League. To distinguish teams by region, we utilized the four primary delineations adopted by the US Census (Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, West)and included Canada as a fifth region. Results show two clear distinctions by region that match our general expectation based on regional profiles. First, the Northeast is different from other US regions. Second, Canada is distinct from the US. Both of these differences are evident in fans’ level of team identification and reaction to rival fans. Fans of professional teams in the US Northeast are significantly less identified with their favorite team compared to the other three US regions. Fans of Canadian teams are even less identified with their favorite teams compared to all US regions. Despite lower identification, fans of teams in the US Northeast are significantly more bias against their team’s rival compared to all other US regions in each of the four measures we employed to represent animosity toward rivals (i.e., prejudice, relationship discrimination, schadenfreude, dis-identification). Conversely, fans of Canadian teams were significantly less bias toward rival fans compared to US fans on all four measures.
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