These slides briefly cover the history of radiopharmaceuticals and how they have contributed towards detailed diagnostics and precision therapy over the decades. These slides also discuss the overall market value by region and how it will continue to grow for years to come.

1. Advancing Healthcare with Diagnostics & Therapy
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Radiopharmaceuticals:
A Market Overview
December 2023. © Xeraya Capital.
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2. Radiopharmaceuticals: A Market Overview
Content Overview
• Understanding Radiopharmaceuticals
• Primary Applications in Healthcare
• Commonly Used Radiopharmaceuticals
in Modern Medicine
• Brief History of Radiopharmaceuticals
• Radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy
• Market Overview & Key Figures
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3. Understanding Radiopharmaceuticals
Radiopharmaceuticals are
radioactive drugs that are
used to diagnose and treat
diseases such as cancer,
thyroid and bone disorders.
They consist of a radioactive
isotope, which is an unstable atom
that emits radiation, attached to a
carrier molecule, which delivers the
isotope to the target tissue.
Source: https://vial.com/blog/articles/what-are-radiopharmaceuticals-and-
how-are-they-used-in-clinical-research/
Credit: Cancer.gov
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4. Primary Applications of Radiopharmaceuticals
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DIAGNOSTICS
Radiopharmaceuticals, using a
radioactive isotope, create images of the
inside of the patient's body with a gamma
camera. This helps diagnose diseases like
cancer, heart disease, and bone
disorders.
THERAPY
Radiopharmaceuticals treat diseases by
delivering radiation to target tissue,
damaging cell DNA and causing cell
death. This therapy is commonly used for
cancer and can also address conditions
like thyroid disorders and lymphoma.
Source: https://vial.com/blog/articles/what-are-radiopharmaceuticals-and-
how-are-they-used-in-clinical-research/

5. Commonly used
Radiopharmaceuticals
Known isotopes used in modern medicine.
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6. Diagnostic Isotopes
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Source: https://openmedscience.com/medical-radiopharmaceuticals/
Technetium-99m
Most widely used radioisotope for various
imaging studies and is usually attached to
different pharmaceuticals to target specific
organs or tissues.
Gallium-67
Used for imaging inflammatory & infectious
processes in the body. Gallium scans are
often used in evaluating of certain cancers
and conditions like fever of unknown origin.
Iodine-131
Often used in nuclear medicine for
diagnostic imaging of the thyroid gland. I-131
is also used therapeutically to treat thyroid
disorders, particularly thyroid cancer.
Fluorine-18
Commonly used in positron emission
tomography (PET) imaging. Found in
radiotracers like fluorodeoxyglucose used to
visualize metabolic activity in tissues.
Indium-111
Used in labeling white blood cells for
imaging infection and inflammation. In-111 is
also used in imaging neuroendocrine tumors.
Thallium-201
Used for myocardial perfusion imaging
(MPI) to evaluate blood flow to the heart
muscle. It is commonly used in stress tests to
assess coronary artery disease.
Tc
99m
Ga
67
F
18
In
111
I
131
Tl
201

7. Therapeutic Isotopes
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Source: https://openmedscience.com/medical-radiopharmaceuticals/
Yttrium-90
Y-90 is used for internal radiation therapy,
particularly in the treatment of liver cancer
(radioembolization) and certain types of
non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Lutetium-177
Used in targeted radionuclide therapy,
particularly for neuroendocrine tumors and
prostate cancer.
Iodine-131
Aside from diagnostic use, I-131 is used to
treat thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer.
The radioactive iodine helps destroy the
abnormal cells.
Samarium-153
Palliative treatment of bone metastases from
certain cancers, providing relief from pain
and improving the quality of life for patients.
Radium-223
Used in the treatment of metastatic prostate
cancer that has spread to the bones.
Radium-223 mimics calcium and targets
areas of increased bone turnover.
Phosphorus-32
Used in the treatment of certain blood
disorders, such as polycythemia vera.
Y
90
Lu
177
Sm
153
Ra
223
P
32
I
131

8. Timeline of
Radiopharmaceuticals
From basic tracers to targeted therapies,
revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment.
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9. Early Development of Radiopharmaceuticals
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Source: https://tech.snmjournals.org/content/jnmt/48/Supplement_1/34S.full.pdf
The 1st use of radioactive
tracer, radium C (214Bi)
by Blumgart and Weiss
to measure blood flow.
1924
1935
Synthesis of the first
radiopharmaceutical,
iodine-131, by Harold
Clayton Urey, Leo Szilard,
and Enrico Fermi.
Early use of
radiopharma for
diagnostic, like
thyroid imaging with
iodine-131.
1940s
1950s
R&D of radiopharma for
therapeutic purposes,
such as gold-198 for the
treatment of prostate
cancer.
Introduction of technetium-99m as
a versatile radioisotope for a wide
range of diagnostic and
therapeutic applications (becomes
a staple in nuclear medicine).
1960s
1970s
Development of single-photon
emission computed tomography
(SPECT) & positron emission
tomography (PET) imaging
techniques.
1990s
Introduction of targeted
radiopharma, which deliver
radiation directly to cancer
cells, minimizing damage to
healthy cells.
Expansion of the use of
radiopharmaceuticals in
nuclear medicine for diagnosis
and treatment of various
diseases.
1980s

10. Recent Development of Radiopharmaceuticals
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Continued development of
new radiopharmaceuticals
and imaging techniques for
nuclear medicine.
2000s
2010s
Personalized medicine approach in
radiopharmaceutical therapy, tailoring
treatment to the specific characteristics
of each patient's cancer.
2020s
Ongoing R&D of novel
radiopharmaceuticals for
the diagnosis and treatment
of various diseases,
including theranostics,
which combine diagnostic
and therapeutic capabilities.
Source: https://tech.snmjournals.org/content/jnmt/48/Supplement_1/34S.full.pdf

11. Radiopharmaceuticals
Market Overview
Market drivers, regional market size
& key players
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12. Factors Driving Radio-pharma
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12 Source: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/radiopharmaceuticals-
market.html
Increasing prevalence of cancer and other diseases that can be
diagnosed and treated with radiopharmaceuticals
Development of new and more effective
radiopharmaceuticals
Growing adoption of nuclear medicine imaging techniques
Increasing demand for personalized medicine

13. Radiopharmaceuticals vs Chemotherapy
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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6310043/
Radiopharmaceuticals Feature Chemotherapy
Deliver radiation to cancer cells to
damage their DNA and kill them
Mode of Action
Deliver cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells to
interfere with their growth and division
Administered intravenously or orally Delivery Administered intravenously or orally
Specific cancer cells or tissues,
causing less damage to healthy cells
Target
All rapidly dividing cells,
including cancer cells
May cause fatigue, nausea, vomiting,
and hair loss
Side Effects
Wider range of side effects, not limited to
fatigue, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, bone
marrow suppression, and nerve damage
Better effectiveness than chemotherapy
given the target specificity
Effectiveness
Varies depending on the type of cancer and
the specific chemotherapy drug

14. Regional Market Size
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Source: https://www.precedenceresearch.com/radiopharmaceuticals-market
North America
44%
Europe
28%
Asia Pacific
25%
Middle East &
Africa
2%
Latin America
1%
The global market size of
radiopharmaceuticals was
USD 5.2 billion in 2022,
and will likely close 2023
with USD 5.7 billion.
While North America has the
highest market share of 44%,
Asia-Pacific is expected to
expand at the fastest CAGR in
various projections.

15. Key Market Figures
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Source: https://www.precedenceresearch.com/radiopharmaceuticals-market
Technetium-99m
remains the most
widely used
isotope
- Held 45% revenue
share in 2022
- Gallium-68 (the
runner-up) finds its
niche in positron
emission tomography
(PET) imaging
Precedence Research
Cancer holds largest
market share
Radiopharmaceuticals
play a pivotal role in
cancer care from
diagnosis to targeted
radioimmunotherapy.
52% of revenue share
by hospitals & clinics
Healthcare facilities
extensively utilize
radiopharmaceuticals for
diagnostic PET and SPECT
scans.
Fastest growth
expected Asia Pacific
Substantial & aging
populace with a surge in
chronic ailments, plus
wider accessibility to
medical technologies.

16. Top Players in Radiopharmaceuticals Market
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Source: https://carboncredits.com/the-top-4-carbon-exchanges-for-2023/
A global leader providing a comprehensive range of
radiopharmaceutical products and services.
A major player in medical imaging and diagnostics,
contributing significantly to the radiopharmaceutical
market.
Known for advanced medical imaging technology,
Siemens plays a vital role in the radiopharmaceutical
industry.
Lantheus Medical Imaging
Specializing in diagnostic imaging, Lantheus is a key
contributor to the development of
radiopharmaceuticals.

17. • Increasing Applications: Research and development continue to
expand the applications of radiopharmaceuticals, with ongoing
exploration in areas such as neurology, cardiology, and
immunology.
• Personalized Medicine: Radiopharmaceuticals are at the forefront
of personalized medicine, offering targeted treatments based on
individual patients' characteristics.
• Market Growth: The global radiopharmaceuticals market is poised
for considerable growth, driven by advancements in imaging
technology, increased prevalence of chronic diseases, and an
aging population's growing medical needs.
The Way Forward for radiopharmaceuticals
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18. By xeraya capital
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