sociology

1.  GOOD MORNING EVERYONE. I AM SAHIBA VERMA AND MY TEAMMATES
ARE SHIKHA SUWETHA AND AISHWARYA.
 WE ARE HERE TODAY TO PRESENT OUR TOPIC MENTAL HEALTH AND
WELLBEING.
SO I WILL START WHAT IS

2.  Mental health refers to psychological feature, behavioural, and emotional well-being. it's all
regarding however individuals assume, feel, and behave. individuals typically use the term
“mental health” to mean the absence of an upset.
 Mental health is the foundation for the well-being and effective functioning of individuals. It
is more than the absence of a mental disorder; it is the ability to think, learn, and understand
one's emotions and the reactions of others.
 that mental health is “more than just the absence of mental disorders or disabilities.” Peak mental
health is about not only avoiding active conditions but also looking after ongoing wellness and
happiness.
 it’s important to remember that a person’s mental health can change over time, depending on many factors. When the
demands placed on a person exceed their resources and coping abilities, their mental health could be impacted. For
example, if someone is working long hours, caring for a relative, or experiencing economic hardship, they may
experience poor mental health.
.

3. A widening gap has formed between people with
mental illnesses and health-care professionals,
which has been successfully bridged in recent years
via the use of peer support programmes (PSSs).

4.  Dispelling myths about mental health can help break the stigma and create a culture that
encourages people of any age to seek support when they need it. Here are SOME common
misconceptions about mental health:
 Myth 1 – Mental illness doesn’t affect everyone
Mental Illness includes changes that affect our emotions, feelings,
thinking and behaviour. It is very common for individuals to experience
some kind of mental health related issue in their life.
Myth 2 – Mental illnesses can be treated through medications only
Mental illnesses can’t be cured by psychiatric medications. Medicines
help improve and manage the symptoms that one faces. . Therapy and
medications go hand in hand. One helps build internal stability while the other helps
you focus on positive elements that will help improve your overall mental wellbeing.
Mental illnesses have specific forms of treatment.

5. Myth 3 – Everyone is either Depressed or Anxious
Yet another myth that most of us have believed at some point or the
other is that we are depressed or anxious, but it need not be so. The most
common belief is that being sad or feeling weak is equivalent to being diagnosed as depressed.
But depression is much more than that. In order for a person to be diagnosed as depressed, he or
she needs to be evaluated on the psychological, social, biological and environmental facets of
their life.
Myth 4 – The internet has the power to diagnose you
Self-diagnosis is a trend that everyone currently adheres to. The process
of diagnosing one’s own illness be it mental or physical on the basis of
information provided by the internet isn’t sufficient. It is important to
understand the consequences of self diagnosis. You may end taking over the
counter pills for an illness that may require medical intervention. . They jump to
conclusions which may worsen the condition as well. . Individuals need to understand
that no two problems are the same.

6. Myth 5 – Psychologists and Psychiatrists are the same
 Psychologists and Psychiatrists work in the mental
health domain. They both work towards assessment,
diagnosis and counselling for the individual. . In order to
become a psychiatrist, one must complete a medical degree, whereas, in order
to become a psychologist, one must possess a master’s degree or a doctoral
degree.
UP NEXT IS SHIKHA

7.  During the COVID-19 pandemic, people experienced stress, anxiety, fear, sadness and loneliness. And
mental health disorders, including anxiety and depression, can worsen.The COVID-19 pandemic has
brought many changes in people's life like how they live their life, they altered their daily routines,
financial pressures and social isolation. Everyone was worried about getting sick, how long the pandemic
will last, whether their job will be affected and what the future will bring. Rumours and misinformation
made their life feel out of control and made it unclear what to do.
 During the period of pandemic, children and adolescents were affected were at large. They were face
mental trauma, anxiety, Panic and severe disorder. Recently a mental health study done on over 8000
individuals found that college student was the most affected by the novel coronavirus pandemic and the
lockdown
 Britain's Oxford University suggested 7% covid patient treated in ICUs suffered stroke within 6 months.
Lancet Psychiatry journal analysed health record 34% of 2, 36,379 covid patients suffered psychiatric
diseases.
 Neuropsychiatric symptoms for COVID 19 patients: One recent study suggested covid 19 patients have an
increased chance of developing new mental health illness within 90 days of diagnosis compare to other
illnesses such as Influenza. Patients towards admitted into
intensive care are particular with susceptible to developing mental health issues.
for example, one study found Up to 22% of patients who were admitted to a hospital for COVID 19
developed symptoms of anxiety or depression and up to 38 % of patients admitted to intensive care,
developed the same symptoms. Other psychological symptoms that patients may experience include
confusion insomnia, decreased memory retention, and poor concentration. Critically ill patients also
appear to be susceptible to develop post - traumatic stress disorder or post- intensive care syndrome.

8.  Studies of healthcare workers in both China and Italy revealed that almost 50% percent of
healthcare workers experienced traumatic distress during the pandemic up to 25% experienced
depression up to 20% experienced anxiety and up to 8% experienced insomnia in Canada almost
50% of healthcare workers indicated they needed psychological support during the pandemic.
Health care workers can decrease their likelihood of developing psychological distress by getting
regular physical exercise, seeking psychotherapy services, talking with colleagues or support
groups or practicing meditation staff should keep an open dialogue with their mangers on how
they are coping with the pandemic so managers can attempt to accommodate needs their staff
have.
 Children may be disproportionately affected by the pandemic and social distancing efforts.
Children may experience anxiety, depression and insomnia caused by disruption to their routines,
closure of schools, inability to see friends and exposure to concerning news or stories they see in
the media. Many children are experiencing increased screen time to accommodate schools
transitioning to virtual learning as well as to stay connected with friends and family.

9.  PROBLEM: -They may be unable to share their concern and feelings to others as a result
younger children may be more prone to defiant behaviours or be more irritable have
decreased attention spans and may experience developmental regression such as thumb
sucking or need for additional parental attention.
SOLUTIONS: - Spending additional time with children increasing affection, reducing
exposure to media refraining from pandemic discussions with others around children and
encouraging video chat with relatives are all potential strategies to help reduce pandemic
stress in young children.
Isolated adolescent may find social distancing efforts, frustrating and boring and increase
feeling of isolation from their peers.
 The restriction of movement in countries can feel socially isolating to many which may
increase the risk of depression. Many businesses have been disrupted or forced to
permanently close leaving workers temporarily unemployed or unsure If they will return to
work at all putting significant financial strain on them
 Health care providers who work with children should look for signs of domestic violence,
emotional abuse, neglect or child exploitation that's because stressors on parents or
guardians due to financial and social instability. Fear of the covid 19 virus and boredom have
increased domestic violence by over 300% in some areas. This vigilance is particularly
important for children who have a history of mistreatment at home or who have existing
mental health issues. Issues Social distancing efforts further isolate at risk children and the
increased parental contact from staying at home increases the likelihood for further abuse or
conflict in the home.

10.  The first Study I would like to discuss is Rajasthan present study. A study was conducted
in one of the central 0risons of Rajasthan here 118 prisoners were evaluated and they
came to know 6.7% of the prisoners had psychotic illness. Depression was in 16%, anxiety
disorder was in 8%. However, the substance use dominated. Here they were able to find
58% of them were using alcohol or drugs before the commission of crime. This was the
study published in Indian journal of psychiatry.
similarly, another study was done in Kerala it was a sample size of 220 - 255 prisoners
and in that study, it also said that 68% had mental illness and substance use was the
most common that is around 47%. Antisocial personality disorder was 19 that means
they're all psychopaths or else. This social personality disorder adjustment was seen in
13%, mood disorder 4% and psychosis was 6.3 %. This study is also similar to Rajasthan
study and it was published in 2014 in Indian journal of psychiatry.

11.  MENTAL ILLNESS AND PRISON -
What is the nexus?
There are many people with mental illness may end up in conflict with law because of aggression, violence,
domestic violence, sexual violence, creating public nuisance substance use for these reasons they will be
arrested. Once inside the prison if there is no mental health rehabilitation further is mental illness may
worsen or else depression may start. If a pre - existing mental illness is there it will be relapsed or else if he is
highly vulnerable to develop a mental illness that means a mental illness can develop inside the prison also
and once, he is released if there is no continuity of care outside the prison that means his mental illness further
worsen. That means again he may reoffend or else he may again get in conflict with law hence he will be
again re- arrested that is how mental illness and crime they go hand in hand.
. If the mental illness is there before the commission of crime or during the commission of crime there is high
possibility a person with mental illness may commit a crime or else may be involved in conflict with law
those are all severe mental illness people. The person who is using substances personality disorders or any
other mental illness people may be in conflict with law. There is a high possibility and probability they will be
arrested. If there is no treatment available in the community or else in the mental health institutions that is the
biggest challenge during the imprisonment. That means when they are inside the prison because of the stress,
because of the overcrowding, because of delay in the cases the person's mental illness may relapse.
Further, After the release the family, friends and the society will reject them they will not get any job, absence
of community mental health care will lead to relapse of mental illness. Post release rehabilitation if it is not
available again mental illness will be relapsed. Non availability of treatment inside the community will create
one more problem and relapse of mental is guaranteed. Hence the prison needs to play a rehabilitative and
reformative process.

12.  LINOL PENROSE had depicted or else put forwarded this law called as Penrose law.
According to him he has said that the population of prison is inversely proportional to the
population of mental asylum. That means if the mental hospitals are less and the population of
mental hospital is less that means prison population will be more that means mor mentally ill
will be involved in conflict with law and they will be arrested. This is the commonest scenario
which is seen across the world.

13.  Get help when you need it: Seeking help is a sign of strength — not a
weakness. And it is important to remember that treatment is effective. People
who get appropriate care can recover from mental illness and addiction and
lead full, rewarding lives.
 Value yourself: Treat yourself with kindness and respect and avoid self-
criticism. Make time for your hobbies and favorite projects or broaden your
horizons.
 Avoid alcohol and other drugs: Keep alcohol use to a minimum and avoid other
drugs. Sometimes people use alcohol and other drugs to "self-medicate" but in
reality, alcohol and other drugs only aggravate problems.
 Take care of your body: Taking care of yourself physically can improve your
mental health. Be sure to:
 Avoid smoking and vaping-- see Cessation Help.
•Drink plenty of water.
•Exercise, which helps decrease depression and anxiety and improve moods.
•Eat nutritious meals.

14. The petitioner is the Yercaud Estate Management in Salem.
 The learned counsel for the petitioner management argued
that the 1st respondent erred in transferring the burden of
proof to the petitioner management by declaring the 2nd
respondent mentally ill.
The State Government may appoint qualified medical
practitioners to serve as certifying surgeons for the
purposes of the Act under Section 7 of the said Act
One of the workers was a permanent employee, and during
the brawl, the accused worker cursed her opponent with a
cannibalistic curse. She was suspected of being mentally ill.

15. The problem was referred to two medical officers,
who determined that she was of unsound mind and
that keeping her employed was not acceptable.
 She was fired as a result of the report. The case was
appealed, and it eventually came to this Court.
Even if a defendant was found guilty of a crime, the
court held that even if the defendant was
found guilty.
 The Labour Court properly determined that,
following the enactment of the Mental Health Act,
1987, cases of mental illness must be certified under

16. The aims of this study were to identify and evaluate the types of
mental health self-care support used by, and available to the people
who are suffering from the it and to establish how such support
interfaces with statutory and non-statutory service provision.
Moreover, in doing so, we have developed a model of self-care
support that can help policymakers and practitioners make
decisions about the organisation and delivery of mental health self-
care support for those people and their families, and help
researchers identify gaps in the knowledge base that might be
resolved with future research in this area.