Karnataka hc judgment

1
WP No.11759/2020
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
DATED THIS THE 12TH
DAY OF MARCH, 2021
BEFORE
THE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE SURAJ GOVINDARAJ
WRIT PETITION NO. 11759 OF 2020 (GM-RES)
BETWEEN:
MR. VIRENDRA KHANNA
S/O SRI RAM KHANNA
AGED ABOUT 35 YEARS
RESIDING AT NO.301, PIYARSON WEST
LANGFORD ROAD, 1ST
CROSS
RICHMOND, BANGALORE – 08 … PETITIONER
(BY SRI. HASHMAT PASHA, SR. COUNSEL FOR
SRI. NASIR ALI, ADVOCATE-PH)
AND:
1. STATE OF KARNATAKA BY:
BANASAWADI POLICE, BANGALORE-560043
2. POLICE INSPECTOR, CCB POLICE,
BANGALORE, NT PET
BANGALORE-560002 … RESPONDENTS
(BY SRI. VEERANNA G. TIGADI, SPP)
THIS WRIT PETITION IS FILED UNDER ARTICLES 226 & 227
OF THE CONSITUTION OF INDIA AND UNDER SECTION 482 OF
THE CR.P.C., PRAYINT TO QUASH THE ORDER DATED 23.09.2020
VIDE ANNEXURE-E WHICH IS RE-AFFIRMED BY ORDER DATED

2
WP No.11759/2020
15.10.2020 VIDE ANNEXURE-H PASSED IN SPCL.C.C.
NO.529/2019 ON THE FILE HON'BLE XXXIII ADDL. CITY CIVIL AND
SESSIONS JUDGE AND SPECIAL COURT FOR NDPS CAES,
BANGALORE CITY, WHICH IS ARISING OUT OF CRIME
NO.588/2018 ON THE FILE OF R-1 BANASWADI POLICE,
BANGALORE, AS AN ABUSE OF PROCESS OF LAW AND ETC.
THIS WRIT PETITION COMING ON FOR FURTHER
ARGUMENTS AND HAVING BEEN RESERVED FOR ORDERS ON
14.12.2020, THIS DAY, THE COURT PRONOUNCED THE
FOLLOWING:
O
OR
RD
DE
ER
R
1
1.
. T
Th
he
e p
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r/
/A
Ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d N
No
o.
. 5
5 i
is
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
s
se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r:
:
1
1.
.1
1.
. I
Is
ss
su
ua
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a w
wr
ri
it
t o
of
f c
ce
er
rt
ti
io
or
ra
ar
ri
i o
or
r a
a w
wr
ri
it
t o
or
r
o
or
rd
de
er
r o
or
r d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
ap
pp
pr
ro
op
pr
ri
ia
at
te
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e i
in
n
q
qu
ua
as
sh
hi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-9
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 a
as
s p
pe
er
r
A
An
nn
ne
ex
xu
ur
re
e -
- E
E,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s r
re
e-
-a
af
ff
fi
ir
rm
me
ed
d b
by
y o
or
rd
de
er
r
d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
15
5-
-1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0 a
as
s p
pe
er
r A
An
nn
ne
ex
xu
ur
re
e H
H P
Pa
as
ss
se
ed
d
i
in
n S
Sp
pl
l C
C.
.C
C.
. N
No
o.
. 5
52
29
9 o
of
f 2
20
01
19
9 o
on
n t
th
he
e f
fi
il
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
X
XX
XX
XI
II
II
I A
Ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l C
Ci
it
ty
y C
Ci
iv
vi
il
l a
an
nd
d S
Se
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s

3
WP No.11759/2020
J
Ju
ud
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t f
fo
or
r N
ND
DP
PS
S C
Ca
as
se
es
s,
,
B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e C
Ci
it
ty
y,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s a
ar
ri
is
si
in
ng
g o
ou
ut
t o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
me
e
N
No
o.
.5
58
88
8/
/2
20
01
18
8 o
on
n t
th
he
e f
fi
il
le
e o
of
f f
fi
ir
rs
st
t R
Re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t
B
Ba
an
na
as
sw
wa
ad
di
i P
Po
ol
li
ic
ce
e,
, B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e,
, a
as
s a
an
n a
ab
bu
us
se
e o
of
f
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f L
La
aw
w.
.
1
1.
.2
2.
. I
Is
ss
su
ua
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a w
wr
ri
it
t o
of
f c
ce
er
rt
ti
io
or
ra
ar
ri
i o
or
r w
wr
ri
it
t o
or
r o
or
rd
de
er
r
o
or
r d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
ap
pp
pr
ro
op
pr
ri
ia
at
te
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e i
in
n q
qu
ua
as
sh
hi
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 a
as
s a
a p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f
A
An
nn
ne
ex
xu
ur
re
e-
-E
E i
in
n d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o c
co
o-
-
o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e f
fo
or
r u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
,
p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d i
in
n S
Sp
pl
l.
. C
C.
.C
C.
. N
No
o.
. 5
52
29
9/
/2
20
01
19
9 o
on
n t
th
he
e f
fi
il
le
e
o
of
f X
XX
XX
XI
II
II
I A
Ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l C
Ci
it
ty
y C
Ci
iv
vi
il
l a
an
nd
d S
Se
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s
J
Ju
ud
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t f
fo
or
r N
ND
DP
PS
S c
ca
as
se
es
s
B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e C
Ci
it
ty
y,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s a
ar
ri
is
si
in
ng
g o
ou
ut
t o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
me
e
N
No
o.
.5
58
88
8/
/2
20
01
18
8 o
on
n t
th
he
e f
fi
il
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e f
fi
ir
rs
st
t
r
re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e a
as
s i
il
ll
le
eg
ga
al
l a
an
nd
d a
ab
bu
us
se
e o
of
f
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f L
La
aw
w.
.

4
WP No.11759/2020
F
FA
AC
CT
TS
S
2
2.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
n,
, i
it
t i
is
s c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t:
:
2
2.
.1
1.
. T
Th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r i
is
s a
an
n I
IT
T E
En
ng
gi
in
ne
ee
er
r,
, h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g
s
st
tu
ud
di
ie
ed
d i
in
n M
M/
/s
s R
RV
V C
Co
ol
ll
le
eg
ge
e o
of
f E
En
ng
gi
in
ne
ee
er
ri
in
ng
g,
,
B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e.
. H
He
e w
wa
as
s s
se
el
le
ec
ct
te
ed
d a
as
s S
So
of
ft
tw
wa
ar
re
e
E
En
ng
gi
in
ne
ee
er
r,
, d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f o
on
n-
-c
ca
am
mp
pu
us
s
r
re
ec
cr
ru
ui
it
tm
me
en
nt
t b
by
y A
Ac
cc
ce
en
nt
tu
ur
re
e,
, I
IT
T c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y,
,
B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e,
, w
wh
he
er
re
e h
he
e w
wo
or
rk
ke
ed
d f
fo
or
r o
on
ne
e y
ye
ea
ar
r a
an
nd
d
t
th
he
er
re
ea
af
ft
te
er
r r
re
es
si
ig
gn
ne
ed
d t
to
o d
do
o h
hi
is
s s
se
el
lf
f a
av
vo
oc
ca
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
o
or
rg
ga
an
ni
is
si
in
ng
g e
ev
ve
en
nt
ts
s a
an
nd
d p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ie
es
s i
in
n 5
5-
-s
st
ta
ar
r h
ho
ot
te
el
ls
s
a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
r e
ev
ve
en
nt
ts
s b
by
y o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g l
li
ic
ce
en
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d
p
pe
er
rm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e d
de
ep
pa
ar
rt
tm
me
en
nt
t.
.
2
2.
.2
2.
. I
It
t i
is
s c
cl
la
ai
im
me
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f w
wo
or
rk
k c
ca
ar
rr
ri
ie
ed
d
o
ou
ut
t b
by
y t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r i
is
s o
on
nl
ly
y t
to
o b
bo
oo
ok
k t
th
he
e
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
an
nt
ts
s f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e e
ev
ve
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e o
ot
th
he
er
r
a
ar
rr
ra
an
ng
ge
em
me
en
nt
ts
s o
of
f f
fo
oo
od
d a
an
nd
d d
dr
ri
in
nk
ks
s a
ar
re
e m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y
t
th
he
e h
ho
ot
te
el
l m
ma
an
na
ag
ge
em
me
en
nt
t,
, a
an
nd
d h
he
e h
ha
ad
d n
no
o c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
l

5
WP No.11759/2020
o
of
f i
it
t a
an
nd
d e
ev
ve
en
n h
he
e w
wa
as
s n
no
ot
t a
al
ll
lo
ow
we
ed
d t
to
o c
ca
ar
rr
ry
y
a
an
ny
yt
th
hi
in
ng
g.
.
2
2.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e l
la
as
st
t e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
or
rg
ga
an
ni
is
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r
w
wa
as
s i
in
n t
th
he
e s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d w
we
ee
ek
k o
of
f M
Ma
ar
rc
ch
h 2
20
02
20
0 b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e
C
CO
OV
VI
ID
D-
- 1
19
9 P
Pa
an
nd
de
em
mi
ic
c l
lo
oc
ck
kd
do
ow
wn
n;
; t
th
he
er
re
ea
af
ft
te
er
r,
,
h
he
e h
ha
as
s n
no
ot
t o
or
rg
ga
an
ni
is
se
ed
d a
an
ny
y e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
or
r p
pa
ar
rt
ty
y.
.
2
2.
.4
4.
. I
It
t i
is
s s
st
ta
at
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t o
on
n 3
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, w
wh
he
en
n t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r w
wa
as
s w
wi
it
th
h h
hi
is
s p
pa
ar
re
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n D
De
el
lh
hi
i a
at
t
a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t 5
5:
:0
00
0 P
P.
.M
M,
, s
so
om
me
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
em
me
en
n s
sa
ai
id
d t
to
o b
be
e
f
fr
ro
om
m C
CC
CB
B p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e o
of
f B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e h
ha
ad
d v
vi
is
si
it
te
ed
d h
hi
is
s
D
De
el
lh
hi
i r
re
es
si
id
de
en
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d i
in
ns
si
is
st
te
ed
d o
on
n h
hi
is
s p
pr
re
es
se
en
nc
ce
e
i
in
n B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e f
fo
or
r i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n b
by
y C
CC
CB
B p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e
a
an
nd
d a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
gl
ly
y,
, h
he
e w
wa
as
s b
br
ro
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e
o
on
n 4
4-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 b
by
y f
fl
li
ig
gh
ht
t.
.
2
2.
.5
5.
. I
It
t i
is
s c
cl
la
ai
im
me
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n
f
fi
ix
xe
ed
d i
in
n a
an
n o
ol
ld
d c
ca
as
se
e i
in
n C
Cr
ri
im
me
e N
No
o.
. 5
58
88
8/
/ 2
20
01
18
8
o
of
f B
Ba
an
na
as
sa
aw
wa
ad
di
i p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e s
st
ta
at
ti
io
on
n,
, i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h

6
WP No.11759/2020
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s c
co
om
mp
pl
le
et
te
ed
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e
s
sh
he
ee
et
t w
wa
as
s f
fi
il
le
ed
d o
on
n 3
30
0-
-0
04
4-
-2
20
01
19
9.
.
2
2.
.6
6.
. P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r w
wa
as
s a
ar
rr
re
es
st
te
ed
d a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e
t
th
he
e X
XX
XX
XI
II
II
I A
Ad
dd
dl
l.
. C
Ci
it
ty
y C
Ci
iv
vi
il
l a
an
nd
d S
Se
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s J
Ju
ud
dg
ge
e
a
an
nd
d S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l J
Ju
ud
dg
ge
e f
fo
or
r N
ND
DP
PS
S c
ca
as
se
es
s B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e
C
Ci
it
ty
y,
, o
on
n a
a r
re
em
ma
an
nd
d a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n b
be
ei
in
ng
g f
fi
il
le
ed
d,
, h
he
e
w
wa
as
s r
re
em
ma
an
nd
de
ed
d t
to
o p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y.
. O
On
n t
th
he
e
e
ex
xp
pi
ir
ry
y o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d r
re
em
ma
an
nd
d,
, h
he
e w
wa
as
s o
on
nc
ce
e a
ag
ga
ai
in
n
r
re
em
ma
an
nd
de
ed
d t
to
o j
ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
al
l c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t h
he
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g
h
hi
im
m o
or
r h
hi
is
s c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s c
co
on
nt
tr
ra
ar
ry
y t
to
o
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
67
7 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, a
an
nd
d v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e
2
21
1 a
an
nd
d 2
22
2 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n.
.
2
2.
.7
7.
. I
It
t i
is
s a
al
ll
le
eg
ge
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t w
wh
he
en
n h
he
e w
wa
as
s b
br
ro
ou
ug
gh
ht
t f
fr
ro
om
m
D
De
el
lh
hi
i t
to
o B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e b
by
y t
th
he
e s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d r
re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t
p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e,
, h
he
e h
ha
ad
d a
a m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e b
be
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g S
SI
IM
M
N
No
o.
.8
81
10
05
51
10
00
00
00
09
9 a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e w
wa
as
s s
se
ei
iz
ze
ed
d
u
un
nd
de
er
r m
ma
ah
ha
az
za
ar
r o
on
n 4
4-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0.
. T
Th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r

7
WP No.11759/2020
h
ha
as
s c
cl
la
ai
im
me
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e h
ha
ad
d u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ke
ed
d h
hi
is
s p
ph
ho
on
ne
e
a
an
nd
d s
sh
ho
ow
wn
n i
it
t t
to
o t
th
he
e C
CC
CB
B p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t
c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ns
s s
so
om
me
e c
co
on
nt
ta
ac
ct
t n
nu
um
mb
be
er
rs
s o
of
f h
hi
is
s f
fr
ri
ie
en
nd
ds
s
a
an
nd
d f
fa
am
mi
il
ly
y m
me
em
mb
be
er
rs
s.
. T
Th
he
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e h
ha
ad
d s
se
ee
en
n t
th
he
e
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e d
de
et
ta
ai
il
ls
s a
an
nd
d t
th
he
er
re
ea
af
ft
te
er
r r
re
et
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d
t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e i
in
n p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f.
.
2
2.
.8
8.
. I
It
t i
is
s c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n f
fa
al
ls
se
el
ly
y
a
al
ll
le
eg
ge
ed
d b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l J
Ju
ud
dg
ge
e o
on
n 1
14
4-
-0
09
9-
-
2
20
02
20
0 t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r i
is
s n
no
ot
t g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d f
fo
or
r u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e w
wh
he
en
n t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r
t
to
o c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e f
fo
or
r u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e.
.
I
It
t i
is
s f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
r s
st
ta
at
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r c
co
o-
-
o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e i
in
n o
op
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s E
E-
-m
ma
ai
il
l
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s.
.
2
2.
.9
9.
. O
On
n 1
16
6-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r w
wa
as
s p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d
b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t a
an
nd
d g
go
ot
t r
re
em
ma
an
nd
de
ed
d t
to
o J
Ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
al
l

8
WP No.11759/2020
c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e h
hi
is
s p
pr
re
es
se
en
nc
ce
e w
wa
as
s n
no
o m
mo
or
re
e
r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
2
2.
.1
10
0.
. O
On
n 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, t
th
he
e s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d R
Re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t,
, C
CC
CB
B
p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e,
, f
fi
il
le
ed
d a
an
n a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t f
fo
or
r a
an
n o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f p
pe
er
rm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n t
to
o s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t
t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e h
he
e
h
ha
as
s n
no
ot
t g
gi
iv
ve
en
n m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d f
fo
or
r
u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d a
al
ls
so
o f
fo
or
r
g
ge
et
tt
ti
in
ng
g o
op
pe
en
ne
ed
d t
tw
wo
o m
mo
or
re
e E
E-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s
b
be
el
lo
on
ng
gi
in
ng
g t
to
o h
hi
im
m.
. T
Th
hi
is
s a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n c
co
op
py
y w
wa
as
s
n
no
ot
t s
se
er
rv
ve
ed
d e
ei
it
th
he
er
r o
on
n t
th
he
e c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l f
fo
or
r P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r
o
or
r o
on
n P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r,
, a
an
nd
d a
as
s s
so
oo
on
n a
as
s i
it
t w
wa
as
s f
fi
il
le
ed
d,
,
a
an
n o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 w
wa
as
s p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d t
to
o
s
se
en
nd
d t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t a
as
s
p
pr
ra
ay
ye
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e A
Ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, a
an
nd
d i
it
t w
wa
as
s o
or
rd
de
er
re
ed
d
t
to
o t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r o
of
f C
CC
CB
B P
Po
ol
li
ic
ce
e
B
Ba
an
ng
ga
al
lo
or
re
e t
to
o t
ta
ak
ke
e t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h
t
te
es
st
t w
wi
it
th
h p
pr
ro
op
pe
er
r e
es
sc
co
or
rt
ts
s b
by
y 2
28
8-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0.
.

9
WP No.11759/2020
2
2.
.1
11
1.
. I
It
t i
is
s c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e p
pa
as
ss
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r
d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g a
a P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t,
,
n
no
o o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ty
y w
wa
as
s g
gi
iv
ve
en
n t
to
o P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r o
or
r h
hi
is
s
c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l t
to
o d
de
ef
fe
en
nd
d t
th
he
e A
Ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n f
fi
il
le
ed
d b
by
y C
CC
CB
B
p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
er
re
eb
by
y,
, t
th
he
e
o
or
rd
de
er
r f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t w
wa
as
s n
no
ot
t k
kn
no
ow
wn
n t
to
o
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r o
or
r h
hi
is
s c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l.
.
2
2.
.1
12
2.
. I
It
t i
is
s o
on
nl
ly
y o
on
n 0
03
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r’
’s
s
f
fa
at
th
he
er
r w
wa
as
s t
to
ol
ld
d b
by
y h
hi
is
s f
fr
ri
ie
en
nd
ds
s t
th
ha
at
t i
in
n M
Me
ed
di
ia
a i
it
t
i
is
s b
be
ei
in
ng
g r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t h
ha
as
s
p
pe
er
rm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d a
a P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t o
of
f t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r.
.
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r’
’s
s f
fa
at
th
he
er
r i
im
mm
me
ed
di
ia
at
te
el
ly
y i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
me
ed
d t
th
he
e
c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l f
fo
or
r P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
he
er
re
ea
af
ft
te
er
r o
on
n
v
ve
er
ri
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n,
, i
it
t w
wa
as
s f
fo
ou
un
nd
d t
to
o b
be
e t
tr
ru
ue
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e
o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 h
ha
ad
d b
be
ee
en
n p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d
w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r’
’s
s k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e.
.
2
2.
.1
13
3.
. O
On
n 3
3-
-1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r’
’s
s c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l f
fi
il
le
ed
d

10
WP No.11759/2020
a
an
n a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n t
to
o r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
l t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h
t
te
es
st
t d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 a
as
s n
no
ot
t t
te
en
na
ab
bl
le
e i
in
n L
La
aw
w
a
as
s i
it
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
ts
s t
to
o t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n h
hi
it
t
b
by
y A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0 c
cl
la
au
us
se
e (
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n.
.
H
He
e i
is
s n
no
ot
t c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
ti
in
ng
g t
to
o t
th
he
e P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t;
;
t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r w
wa
as
s p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d b
be
eh
hi
in
nd
d t
th
he
e b
ba
ac
ck
k o
of
f t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r.
. H
He
en
nc
ce
e i
it
t w
wa
as
s r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
l t
th
he
e
o
or
rd
de
er
r a
an
nd
d t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e a
an
n o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ty
y o
of
f h
he
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g
r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
di
in
ng
g t
th
he
e P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t m
mo
or
re
e s
so
o w
wh
he
en
n
t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r w
wa
as
s n
no
ot
t w
wi
il
ll
li
in
ng
g t
to
o s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t
h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f t
to
o s
su
uc
ch
h a
a t
te
es
st
t.
.
2
2.
.1
14
4.
. T
Th
hi
is
s r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
l a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n c
co
op
py
y w
wa
as
s s
se
er
rv
ve
ed
d u
up
po
on
n
S
Sp
pl
l.
.P
PP
P o
on
n 0
03
3-
-1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0 a
an
nd
d w
wa
as
s p
pu
ut
t u
up
p o
on
n 0
05
5-
-
1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0 b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
g
gr
ra
an
nt
te
ed
d t
ti
im
me
e t
to
o f
fi
il
le
e o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h w
wa
as
s
f
fi
il
le
ed
d o
on
n 0
07
7-
-1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0.
.
2
2.
.1
15
5.
. I
It
t i
is
s s
st
ta
at
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f

11
WP No.11759/2020
a
ar
rg
gu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r’
’s
s c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y b
br
ro
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o t
th
he
e n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r i
is
s n
no
ot
t
c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
ti
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r
f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 w
wa
as
s
p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t h
he
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g h
hi
im
m,
, i
it
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
ts
s t
to
o
t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n a
as
s h
he
el
ld
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
H
Ho
on
n’
’b
b1
1e
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e c
co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f S
Se
el
lv
vi
i
V
V/
/ s
s S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f K
Ka
ar
rn
na
at
ta
ak
ka
a r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n 2
20
01
10
0
(
(7
7)
) S
SC
CC
C 2
26
63
3,
, i
it
t i
in
nt
te
er
rf
fe
er
re
es
s i
in
n h
hi
is
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o
p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s g
gu
ua
ar
ra
an
nt
te
ee
ed
d a
as
s F
Fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n a
as
s
h
he
el
ld
d i
in
n t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f M
Mr
r.
. J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e K
K.
.S
S.
.
P
Pu
ut
tt
ta
as
sw
wa
am
my
y V
V/
/ s
s U
Un
ni
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a
r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n 2
20
01
17
7(
(1
10
0)
) S
SC
CC
C P
Pa
ag
ge
e.
.1
1.
.
2
2.
.1
16
6.
. T
Th
he
e S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, h
ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, b
by
y i
it
ts
s o
or
rd
de
er
r
d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
15
5-
-1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, r
re
ej
je
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
th
he
e r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
l
a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n h
ho
ol
ld
di
in
ng
g t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t c
ca
an
n o
or
rd
de
er
r

12
WP No.11759/2020
f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-
2
20
02
20
0 c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
.
2
2.
.1
17
7.
. I
It
t i
is
s a
ag
gg
gr
ri
ie
ev
ve
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-
2
20
02
20
0,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s r
re
e-
-a
af
ff
fi
ir
rm
me
ed
d b
by
y o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
15
5-
-
1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r i
is
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
s
se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e a
af
fo
or
re
es
sa
ai
id
d r
re
el
li
ie
ef
fs
s.
.
3
3.
. O
On
n s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e o
of
f n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e S
Sh
hr
ri
i.
. V
Ve
ee
er
ra
an
na
aT
Ti
ig
ga
ad
di
i l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
to
or
r h
ha
as
s e
en
nt
te
er
re
ed
d a
an
n a
ap
pp
pe
ea
ar
ra
an
nc
ce
e f
fo
or
r
t
th
he
e S
St
ta
at
te
e a
an
nd
d f
fi
il
le
ed
d h
hi
is
s o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s;
; i
in
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, i
it
t i
is
s c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d a
as
s u
un
nd
de
er
r:
:
3
3.
.1
1.
. O
On
n 0
02
2.
.1
11
1.
.2
20
01
18
8,
, a
a c
ca
as
se
e w
wa
as
s r
re
eg
gi
is
st
te
er
re
ed
d i
in
n
B
Ba
an
na
as
sw
wa
ad
di
i P
Po
ol
li
ic
ce
e S
St
ta
at
ti
io
on
n C
Cr
ri
im
me
e N
No
o.
. 5
58
88
8/
/2
20
01
18
8
a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t F
Fa
ai
it
th
h P
Ph
hu
uk
ks
s a
an
nd
d t
tw
wo
o o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
es
s p
pu
un
ni
is
sh
ha
ab
bl
le
e u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 2
21
1(
(c
c)
) o
of
f
N
Na
ar
rc
co
ot
ti
ic
c D
Dr
ru
ug
gs
s a
an
nd
d P
Ps
sy
yc
ch
ho
ot
tr
ro
op
pi
ic
c S
Su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s
A
Ac
ct
t,
, 1
19
98
85
5 a
an
nd
d S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
14
4 o
of
f F
Fo
or
re
ei
ig
gn
ne
er
rs
s’
’ A
Ac
ct
t.
.
A
Af
ft
te
er
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, k
ke
ee
ep
pi
in
ng
g o
op
pe
en
n f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
r

13
WP No.11759/2020
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
nt
te
er
ri
im
m f
fi
in
na
al
l r
re
ep
po
or
rt
t w
wa
as
s
s
su
ub
bm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
. I
In
n c
co
on
nt
ti
in
nu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g p
pe
er
rm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t f
fo
or
r f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r
w
wa
as
s a
ap
pp
pr
re
eh
he
en
nd
de
ed
d a
an
nd
d t
ta
ak
ke
en
n i
in
nt
to
o c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y.
.
F
Fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e p
po
os
ss
se
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
in
ng
g e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e i
in
n t
th
he
e f
fo
or
rm
m o
of
f M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e
P
Ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, L
La
ap
pt
to
op
p a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
r m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
l o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ts
s
s
se
ei
iz
ze
ed
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
op
pe
er
rt
ty
y f
fo
or
rm
m p
pr
re
ep
pa
ar
re
ed
d.
.
3
3.
.2
2.
. F
Fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, i
it
t i
is
s
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y t
to
o o
op
pe
en
n t
th
he
e M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e P
Ph
ho
on
ne
es
s,
, o
ot
th
he
er
r
e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c g
ga
ad
dg
ge
et
ts
s s
se
ei
iz
ze
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r
a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
ls
s.
. T
Th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e i
is
s p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
te
ed
d b
by
y
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
ds
s.
. I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d u
up
po
on
n
t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e P
Pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
ds
s.
. T
Th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r r
re
ef
fu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
se
e t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d o
of
f
h
hi
is
s M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e P
Ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d e
e-
-M
Ma
ai
il
l a
ad
dd
dr
re
es
ss
se
es
s.
. T
Th
he
e
H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, b
by
y a
an
n o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d

14
WP No.11759/2020
0
04
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0,
, d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o c
co
o-
-
o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e a
an
nd
d f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d t
to
o t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r.
.
3
3.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t w
wa
as
s
c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
te
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r r
re
eq
qu
ue
es
st
ti
in
ng
g
h
hi
im
m t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d.
. I
In
n s
sp
pi
it
te
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n b
by
y t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r d
di
id
d
n
no
ot
t f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d.
. O
On
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
tr
ra
ar
ry
y,
, h
he
e
t
tr
ri
ie
ed
d t
to
o c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e h
ha
as
s a
al
lr
re
ea
ad
dy
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d
t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g s
so
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d.
.
3
3.
.4
4.
. I
It
t i
is
s o
on
n t
th
ha
at
t b
ba
as
si
is
s t
th
ha
at
t,
, R
Re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t N
No
o.
.2
2 f
fi
il
le
ed
d
a
an
n A
Ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n s
se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g p
pe
er
rm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h
t
te
es
st
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d o
or
rd
de
er
rs
s p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d.
.
3
3.
.5
5.
. O
On
n t
th
he
e f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s a
an
nd
d c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t
c
ca
as
se
e,
, t
th
he
e d
di
ic
ct
ta
a l
la
ai
id
d d
do
ow
wn
n i
in
n t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f S
Se
el
lv
vi
i
V
Vs
s.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f K
Ka
ar
rn
na
at
ta
ak
ka
a r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n 2
20
01
10
0

15
WP No.11759/2020
(
(7
7)
) S
SC
CC
C P
Pa
ag
ge
e 2
26
63
3 i
is
s n
no
ot
t a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o t
th
he
e
c
ca
as
se
e o
on
n h
ha
an
nd
d a
as
s s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e A
Ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o
P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e l
li
im
mi
it
te
ed
d p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f
u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e b
by
y u
us
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d
a
an
nd
d t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d t
to
o o
op
pe
en
n e
e-
-M
Ma
ai
il
l
d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o ‘
‘r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n.
.’
’
3
3.
.6
6.
. I
It
t i
is
s c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r a
an
nd
d t
to
o u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s l
le
eg
ga
al
l.
. U
Un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n,
, n
no
or
r d
do
oe
es
s i
it
t v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
e A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1
a
an
nd
d 2
22
2 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a;
; u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
ls
s b
by
y f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g a
a
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n.
.

16
WP No.11759/2020
3
3.
.7
7.
. T
Th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ns
s h
hi
is
s p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
te
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r R
Ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o
P
Pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e a
ac
cc
ce
ep
pt
te
ed
d,
, t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e
T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o c
co
o-
-
o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e i
in
n u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e d
do
oe
es
s
n
no
ot
t v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
e t
th
he
e R
Ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o P
Pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y a
an
nd
d d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t
a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n.
.
3
3.
.8
8.
. T
Th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r h
ha
as
s n
no
ot
t g
gi
iv
ve
en
n t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d o
of
f
h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t,
, d
di
id
d n
no
ot
t
c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e i
in
n t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n;
; h
he
en
nc
ce
e,
, t
th
he
e
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k
t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d o
of
f e
e-
-M
Ma
ai
il
l a
ad
dd
dr
re
es
ss
se
es
s i
is
s
j
ju
us
st
ti
if
fi
ie
ed
d a
an
nd
d h
ha
as
s n
no
ot
t v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
ed
d a
an
ny
y r
ru
ul
le
e o
of
f L
La
aw
w.
.
T
Th
he
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o
r
re
ev
ve
ea
al
l t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d t
to
o u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e
p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d t
to
o o
op
pe
en
n h
hi
is
s e
e-
-M
Ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s d
do
oe
es
s
n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
li
in
ng
g h
hi
im
m t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s

17
WP No.11759/2020
a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f,
, n
no
or
r d
do
oe
es
s i
it
t v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
e S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
1
16
61
1 (
(2
2)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e.
.
3
3.
.9
9.
. I
In
ns
si
is
st
ti
in
ng
g u
up
po
on
n t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r f
fo
or
r a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e
d
da
at
ta
a c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d i
in
n h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t
a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o f
fo
or
rc
ce
e h
hi
im
m t
to
o r
re
ev
ve
ea
al
l h
hi
is
s p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n n
no
or
r d
do
oe
es
s i
it
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
3
3.
.1
10
0.
. O
On
n t
th
he
es
se
e g
gr
ro
ou
un
nd
ds
s i
it
t i
is
s c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
n i
is
s m
mi
is
sc
co
on
nc
ce
ei
iv
ve
ed
d a
an
nd
d i
is
s l
li
ia
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o b
be
e
d
di
is
sm
mi
is
ss
se
ed
d.
.
4
4.
. S
Sh
hr
ri
i H
Ha
as
sm
ma
at
th
h P
Pa
as
sh
ha
a,
, L
Le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d S
Se
en
ni
io
or
r c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l
a
ap
pp
pe
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r,
, s
su
ub
bm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d a
as
s u
un
nd
de
er
r:
:
4
4.
.1
1.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-9
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 p
pe
er
rm
mi
it
tt
ti
in
ng
g s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d
r
re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e t
to
o s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r f
fo
or
r
p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t a
as
s r
re
eq
qu
ue
es
st
te
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
em
m i
is
s
o
op
pp
po
os
se
ed
d t
to
o L
La
aw
w,
, a
an
nd
d i
it
t i
is
s i
in
n v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 a
an
nd
d 2
22
2 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n.
.

18
WP No.11759/2020
P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h T
Te
es
st
t
4
4.
.2
2.
. T
Th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d o
or
rd
de
er
r i
is
s i
in
n v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e
j
ju
ud
dg
ge
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n
t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f S
Se
el
lv
vi
i V
V/
/s
s S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f K
Ka
ar
rn
na
at
ta
ak
ka
a
r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n 2
20
01
10
0(
(7
7)
) S
SC
CC
C p
pa
ag
ge
e 2
26
63
3,
,
w
wh
he
er
re
ei
in
n t
th
he
e a
ap
pe
ex
x c
co
ou
ur
rt
t h
ha
as
s c
cl
le
ea
ar
rl
ly
y l
la
ai
id
d d
do
ow
wn
n
t
th
ha
at
t s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o a
a P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h
T
Te
es
st
t i
is
s v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f ‘
‘r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n’
’ w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s a
a f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t
g
gu
ua
ar
ra
an
nt
te
ee
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r a
ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0 c
cl
la
au
us
se
e (
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n,
, h
he
e r
re
el
li
ie
es
s o
on
n t
th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g
p
pa
ar
ra
ag
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d j
ju
ud
dg
ge
em
me
en
nt
t:
:
1
18
84
4.
. E
Ev
ve
en
n t
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
he
e a
ac
ct
tu
ua
al
l p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f
u
un
nd
de
er
rg
go
oi
in
ng
g a
a p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n o
or
r a
a B
BE
EA
AP
P
t
te
es
st
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e a
as
s t
th
ha
at
t o
of
f m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g a
an
n o
or
ra
al
l o
or
r
w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t,
, t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
ce
es
s a
ar
re
e s
si
im
mi
il
la
ar
r.
.
B
By
y m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
es
s f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e
t
te
es
st
ts
s,
, t
th
he
e e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ne
er
r i
is
s a
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o d
de
er
ri
iv
ve
e k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e
f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t’
’s
s m
mi
in
nd
d w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h o
ot
th
he
er
rw
wi
is
se
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d
n
no
ot
t h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ec
co
om
me
e a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
to
or
rs
s.
.
T
Th
he
es
se
e t
tw
wo
o t
te
es
st
ts
s a
ar
re
e d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t f
fr
ro
om
m m
me
ed
di
ic
ca
al
l
e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e a
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s o
of
f b
bo
od
di
il
ly
y
s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s b
bl
lo
oo
od
d,
, s
se
em
me
en
n a
an
nd
d h
ha
ai
ir
r
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s,
, s
si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
t s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t’
’s
s p
ph
hy
ys
si
io
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l

19
WP No.11759/2020
r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
se
es
s a
ar
re
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
tl
ly
y c
co
or
rr
re
el
la
at
te
ed
d t
to
o m
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
f
fa
ac
cu
ul
lt
ti
ie
es
s.
. T
Th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h l
li
ie
e d
de
et
te
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
or
r g
ga
au
ug
gi
in
ng
g a
a
s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t’
’s
s f
fa
am
mi
il
li
ia
ar
ri
it
ty
y w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e s
st
ti
im
mu
ul
li
i,
, p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e i
is
s c
co
on
nv
ve
ey
ye
ed
d i
in
n r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f a
a r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t
f
fa
ac
ct
t.
. I
It
t i
is
s a
al
ls
so
o s
si
ig
gn
ni
if
fi
ic
ca
an
nt
t t
th
ha
at
t u
un
nl
li
ik
ke
e t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
to
or
rs
s c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bl
ly
y
h
ha
av
ve
e a
an
ny
y p
pr
ri
io
or
r k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
t s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t’
’s
s
t
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
ht
ts
s a
an
nd
d m
me
em
mo
or
ri
ie
es
s,
, e
ei
it
th
he
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e a
ac
ct
tu
ua
al
l o
or
r
c
co
on
ns
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
ti
iv
ve
e s
se
en
ns
se
e.
. T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, e
ev
ve
en
n i
if
f a
a h
hi
ig
gh
hl
ly
y
s
st
tr
ra
ai
in
ne
ed
d a
an
na
al
lo
og
gy
y w
we
er
re
e t
to
o b
be
e m
ma
ad
de
e b
be
et
tw
we
ee
en
n t
th
he
e
r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
es
st
ts
s a
an
nd
d
t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, t
th
he
e w
we
ei
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f
p
pr
re
ec
ce
ed
de
en
nt
ts
s l
le
ea
an
ns
s t
to
ow
wa
ar
rd
ds
s r
re
es
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s o
on
n t
th
he
e
e
ex
xt
tr
ra
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e”
” t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h s
su
uc
ch
h
m
me
ea
an
ns
s.
.
1
18
85
5.
. D
Du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
a p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h
t
te
es
st
t o
or
r a
a B
BE
EA
AP
P t
te
es
st
t,
, t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t m
ma
ak
ke
es
s a
a m
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
e
ef
ff
fo
or
rt
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s a
ac
cc
co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
ed
d b
by
y c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n
p
ph
hy
ys
si
io
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
se
es
s.
. T
Th
he
e m
me
ea
as
su
ur
re
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f
t
th
he
es
se
e r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
se
es
s t
th
he
en
n b
be
ec
co
om
me
es
s t
th
he
e b
ba
as
si
is
s o
of
f t
th
he
e
t
tr
ra
an
ns
sm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e t
to
o t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
to
or
rs
s.
.
T
Th
hi
is
s k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e m
ma
ay
y a
ai
id
d a
an
n o
on
ng
go
oi
in
ng
g i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n
o
or
r l
le
ea
ad
d t
to
o t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
co
ov
ve
er
ry
y o
of
f f
fr
re
es
sh
h e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d t
th
he
en
n b
be
e u
us
se
ed
d t
to
o p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
te
e t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
t s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t.
.
I
In
n a
an
ny
y c
ca
as
se
e,
, t
th
he
e c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
so
or
ry
y a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
es
st
ts
s i
im
mp
pe
ed
de
es
s t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t’
’s
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t
t
to
o c
ch
ho
oo
os
se
e b
be
et
tw
we
ee
en
n r
re
em
ma
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g s
si
il
le
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d o
of
ff
fe
er
ri
in
ng
g
s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
iv
ve
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
he
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f a
a
“
“p
po
os
si
it
ti
iv
ve
e v
vo
ol
li
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l a
ac
ct
t”
” b
be
ec
co
om
me
es
s i
ir
rr
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t s
si
in
nc
ce
e
t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t i
is
s c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d t
to
o c
co
on
nv
ve
ey
y p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e i
ir
rr
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f h
hi
is
s/
/h
he
er
r o
ow
wn
n v
vo
ol
li
it
ti
io
on
n.
.
1
18
86
6.
. S
So
om
me
e a
ac
ca
ad
de
em
mi
ic
cs
s h
ha
av
ve
e a
al
ls
so
o a
ar
rg
gu
ue
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m t
te
es
st
ts
s s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h
e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n a
ar
re
e “
“t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l”
” a
ac
ct
ts
s t
th
ha
at
t s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d
c
co
om
me
e w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oh
hi
ib
bi
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t
s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n.
. F
Fo
or
r i
in
ns
st
ta
an
nc
ce
e,
, M
Mi
ic
ch
ha
ae
el
l S
S.
. P
Pa
ar
rd
do
o
(
(2
20
00
08
8)
) h
ha
as
s o
ob
bs
se
er
rv
ve
ed
d [
[c
ci
it
te
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m M
Mi
ic
ch
ha
ae
el
l S
S.
.
P
Pa
ar
rd
do
o,
, “
“S
Se
el
lf
f-
-I
In
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e E
Ep
pi
is
st
te
em
mo
ol
lo
og
gy
y
o
of
f T
Te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y”
” [
[3
30
0 C
Ca
ar
rd
do
oz
zo
o L
La
aw
w R
Re
ev
vi
ie
ew
w 1
10
02
23
3-
-4
46
6
(
(D
De
ec
ce
em
mb
be
er
r 2
20
00
08
8)
)]
] ,
,C
Ca
ar
rd
do
oz
zo
o L
La
aw
w R
Re
ev
vi
ie
ew
w a
at
t p
p.
.
1
10
04
46
6]
]:
:

20
WP No.11759/2020
“
“T
Th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
of
f p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
r l
li
ie
e d
de
et
te
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
t
te
es
st
ts
s,
, w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r t
th
he
ey
y c
ca
al
ll
l f
fo
or
r a
a v
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
se
e
o
or
r n
no
ot
t,
, a
ar
re
e t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
ts
s a
ar
re
e j
ju
us
st
t
i
in
nd
du
uc
ct
ti
iv
ve
e e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f t
th
he
e d
de
ef
fe
en
nd
da
an
nt
t’
’s
s e
ep
pi
is
st
te
em
mi
ic
c
s
st
ta
at
te
e.
. T
Th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e t
th
ha
at
t p
pu
ur
rp
po
or
rt
ts
s t
to
o t
te
el
ll
l u
us
s
e
ei
it
th
he
er
r:
: (
(1
1)
) t
th
ha
at
t w
we
e c
ca
an
n o
or
r c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t r
re
el
ly
y o
on
n t
th
he
e
a
as
ss
se
er
rt
ti
io
on
ns
s m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y t
th
he
e d
de
ef
fe
en
nd
da
an
nt
t a
an
nd
d f
fo
or
r w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
h
he
e h
ha
as
s r
re
ep
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
te
ed
d h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f t
to
o b
be
e a
an
n a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y,
, o
or
r
(
(2
2)
) w
wh
ha
at
t p
pr
ro
op
po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
ns
s t
th
he
e d
de
ef
fe
en
nd
da
an
nt
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d
a
as
ss
su
um
me
e a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y f
fo
or
r a
an
nd
d w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d i
in
nv
vi
it
te
e r
re
el
li
ia
an
nc
ce
e
u
up
po
on
n,
, w
we
er
re
e h
he
e t
to
o t
te
es
st
ti
if
fy
y t
tr
ru
ut
th
hf
fu
ul
ll
ly
y.
.”
”
1
18
87
7.
. R
Ro
on
na
al
ld
d J
J.
. A
Al
ll
le
en
n a
an
nd
d M
M.
. K
Kr
ri
is
st
ti
in
n M
Ma
ac
ce
e (
(2
20
00
04
4)
)
h
ha
av
ve
e o
of
ff
fe
er
re
ed
d a
a t
th
he
eo
or
ry
y t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s m
me
ea
an
nt
t t
to
o p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
t a
an
n i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l i
in
n
a
a s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e S
St
ta
at
te
e p
pl
la
ac
ce
es
s r
re
el
li
ia
an
nc
ce
e o
on
n
t
th
he
e “
“s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
iv
ve
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
of
f c
co
og
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n”
”.
. T
Th
he
e
f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g d
de
ef
fi
in
ni
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f “
“c
co
og
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n”
” h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n
a
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
at
te
ed
d t
to
o e
ex
xp
pl
la
ai
in
n t
th
hi
is
s p
po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n [
[c
ci
it
te
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m
R
Ro
on
na
al
ld
d J
J.
. A
Al
ll
le
en
n a
an
nd
d M
M.
. K
Kr
ri
is
st
ti
in
n M
Ma
ac
ce
e,
, “
“T
Th
he
e S
Se
el
lf
f-
-
I
In
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n C
Cl
la
au
us
se
e E
Ex
xp
pl
la
ai
in
ne
ed
d a
an
nd
d i
it
ts
s F
Fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e
P
Pr
re
ed
di
ic
ct
te
ed
d”
” [
[9
94
4 J
Jo
ou
ur
rn
na
al
l o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l L
La
aw
w a
an
nd
d
C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y 2
24
43
3-
-2
29
93
3 (
(2
20
00
04
4)
)]
],
, J
Jo
ou
ur
rn
na
al
l o
of
f
C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l L
La
aw
w a
an
nd
d C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y,
, F
Fn
n.
. 1
16
6 a
at
t p
p.
. 2
24
47
7]
]:
:
“
“…
…‘
‘c
co
og
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n’
’ i
is
s u
us
se
ed
d h
he
er
re
ei
in
n t
to
o r
re
ef
fe
er
r t
to
o t
th
he
es
se
e
i
in
nt
te
el
ll
le
ec
ct
tu
ua
al
l p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
se
es
s t
th
ha
at
t a
al
ll
lo
ow
w o
on
ne
e t
to
o g
ga
ai
in
n a
an
nd
d
m
ma
ak
ke
e u
us
se
e o
of
f s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
iv
ve
e k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
an
nd
d t
to
o
c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
re
e o
on
ne
e’
’s
s ‘
‘i
in
nn
ne
er
r w
wo
or
rl
ld
d’
’ (
(p
pr
re
ev
vi
io
ou
us
s
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e)
) w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e ‘
‘o
ou
ut
ts
si
id
de
e w
wo
or
rl
ld
d’
’ (
(s
st
ti
im
mu
ul
li
i s
su
uc
ch
h
a
as
s q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s f
fr
ro
om
m a
an
n i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
to
or
r)
).
. E
Ex
xc
cl
lu
ud
de
ed
d a
ar
re
e
s
si
im
mp
pl
le
e p
ps
sy
yc
ch
ho
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
se
es
s t
to
o s
st
ti
im
mu
ul
li
i s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s
f
fe
ea
ar
r,
, w
wa
ar
rm
mn
ne
es
ss
s,
, a
an
nd
d h
hu
un
ng
ge
er
r:
: t
th
he
e m
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
se
es
s t
th
ha
at
t p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e m
mu
us
sc
cu
ul
la
ar
r m
mo
ov
ve
em
me
en
nt
ts
s;
;
a
an
nd
d o
on
ne
e’
’s
s w
wi
il
ll
l o
or
r f
fa
ac
cu
ul
lt
ty
y f
fo
or
r c
ch
ho
oi
ic
ce
e.
. …
…”
”
(
(i
in
nt
te
er
rn
na
al
l c
ci
it
ta
at
ti
io
on
ns
s o
om
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d)
)
T
Th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
em
me
en
nt
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d a
au
ut
th
ho
or
rs
s h
ha
av
ve
e t
ta
ak
ke
en
n a
a
h
hy
yp
po
ot
th
he
et
ti
ic
ca
al
l e
ex
xa
am
mp
pl
le
e w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
es
s
d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n f
fr
ro
om
m a
an
n i
in
nv
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t t
th
ha
at
t
d
di
id
d n
no
ot
t r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
e v
ve
er
rb
ba
al
l a
an
ns
sw
we
er
rs
s,
, l
le
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e
d
di
is
sc
co
ov
ve
er
ry
y o
of
f i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
in
ng
g e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
. T
Th
he
ey
y h
ha
av
ve
e

21
WP No.11759/2020
a
ar
rg
gu
ue
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t i
if
f t
th
he
e s
sc
co
op
pe
e o
of
f t
th
he
e F
Fi
if
ft
th
h A
Am
me
en
nd
dm
me
en
nt
t
e
ex
xt
te
en
nd
ds
s t
to
o p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t i
in
n r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f
“
“s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
iv
ve
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
of
f c
co
og
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n”
”,
, t
th
he
en
n r
re
el
li
ia
an
nc
ce
e
o
on
n p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
e t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t.
.
1
18
88
8.
. A
A s
si
im
mi
il
la
ar
r c
co
on
nc
cl
lu
us
si
io
on
n h
ha
as
s a
al
ls
so
o b
be
ee
en
n m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y
t
th
he
e N
Na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l H
Hu
um
ma
an
n R
Ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n,
, a
as
s i
is
s
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nt
t f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g e
ex
xt
tr
ra
ac
ct
t i
in
n t
th
he
e
G
Gu
ui
id
de
el
li
in
ne
es
s R
Re
el
la
at
ti
in
ng
g t
to
o A
Ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h T
Te
es
st
t (
(L
Li
ie
e D
De
et
te
ec
ct
to
or
r T
Te
es
st
t)
) o
on
n a
an
n A
Ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
(
(2
20
00
00
0)
):
:
“
“T
Th
he
e e
ex
xt
te
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e ‘
‘s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n’
’
i
is
s w
wi
id
de
e e
en
no
ou
ug
gh
h t
to
o c
co
ov
ve
er
r t
th
he
e k
ki
in
nd
ds
s o
of
f s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s
t
th
ha
at
t w
we
er
re
e s
so
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o b
be
e i
in
nd
du
uc
ce
ed
d.
. I
In
n M
M.
.P
P.
. S
Sh
ha
ar
rm
ma
a
[
[A
AI
IR
R 1
19
95
54
4 S
SC
C 3
30
00
0 :
: 1
19
95
54
4 C
Cr
ri
i L
LJ
J 8
86
65
5 :
: 1
19
95
54
4 S
SC
CR
R
1
10
07
77
7]
] t
th
he
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
ed
d w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e
p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n r
ru
ul
le
e a
al
ll
l
p
po
os
si
it
ti
iv
ve
e v
vo
ol
li
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l a
ac
ct
ts
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
.
T
Th
hi
is
s b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e m
ma
ad
de
e a
al
ll
l o
or
r a
an
ny
y
i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
im
mp
po
os
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e.
. T
Th
he
e t
te
es
st
t—
—a
as
s s
st
ta
at
te
ed
d i
in
n
K
Ka
at
th
hi
i K
Ka
al
lu
u O
Og
gh
ha
ad
d [
[A
AI
IR
R 1
19
96
61
1 S
SC
C 1
18
80
08
8 :
: (
(1
19
96
61
1)
) 2
2
C
Cr
ri
i L
LJ
J 8
85
56
6 :
: (
(1
19
96
62
2)
) 3
3 S
SC
CR
R 1
10
0]
] —
—r
re
et
ta
ai
in
ns
s t
th
he
e
r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l v
vo
ol
li
it
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d s
st
ta
at
te
es
s t
th
ha
at
t
‘
‘s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n’
’ m
mu
us
st
t m
me
ea
an
n c
co
on
nv
ve
ey
yi
in
ng
g
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n b
ba
as
se
ed
d u
up
po
on
n t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e
o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n.
. B
By
y e
ei
it
th
he
er
r t
te
es
st
t,
,
t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n s
so
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o b
be
e e
el
li
ic
ci
it
te
ed
d i
in
n a
a l
li
ie
e
d
de
et
te
ec
ct
to
or
r t
te
es
st
t i
is
s i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d.
.”
”
1
18
89
9.
. I
In
n l
li
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
re
ec
ce
ed
di
in
ng
g d
di
is
sc
cu
us
ss
si
io
on
n,
, w
we
e a
ar
re
e
o
of
f t
th
he
e v
vi
ie
ew
w t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m t
te
es
st
ts
s
s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e B
BE
EA
AP
P
t
te
es
st
t s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e t
tr
re
ea
at
te
ed
d a
as
s “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y”
”,
, s
si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e a
a m
me
ea
an
ns
s f
fo
or
r
“
“i
im
mp
pa
ar
rt
ti
in
ng
g p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t
f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s”
”.
. H
He
en
nc
ce
e,
, o
ou
ur
r c
co
on
nc
cl
lu
us
si
io
on
n i
is
s t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s
o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
he
e i
in
nv
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f e
ei
it
th
he
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
es
st
ts
s (
(i
i.
.e
e.
. t
th
he
e
n
na
ar
rc
co
oa
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
e,
, p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n
a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e B
BE
EA
AP
P t
te
es
st
t)
) c
co
om
me
e w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e s
sc
co
op
pe
e o
of
f

22
WP No.11759/2020
“
“t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n”
”,
, t
th
he
er
re
eb
by
y a
at
tt
tr
ra
ac
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e s
sh
hi
ie
el
ld
d o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
).
.
I
II
I.
. W
Wh
he
et
th
he
er
r t
th
he
e i
in
nv
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s i
is
s a
a r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
e
r
re
es
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
ti
io
on
n o
on
n “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y”
” a
as
s
u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
to
oo
od
d i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
ex
xt
t o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 o
of
f
t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n?
?
1
19
90
0.
. T
Th
he
e p
pr
re
ec
ce
ed
di
in
ng
g d
di
is
sc
cu
us
ss
si
io
on
n d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t
c
co
on
nc
cl
lu
us
si
iv
ve
el
ly
y a
ad
dd
dr
re
es
ss
s t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ti
io
on
ns
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e u
us
s.
.
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ts
s a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wh
ho
o i
is
s “
“f
fo
or
rm
ma
al
ll
ly
y
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d”
” o
of
f h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g c
co
om
mm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e o
or
r e
ev
ve
en
n
a
a s
su
us
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
or
r a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s w
wh
ho
o i
is
s q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g
a
an
n i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n a
a c
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l c
ca
as
se
e.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
,
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) i
is
s n
no
ot
t a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
ab
bl
le
e w
wh
he
en
n a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
g
gi
iv
ve
es
s h
hi
is
s/
/h
he
er
r i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
me
ed
d c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t t
to
o u
un
nd
de
er
rg
go
o a
an
ny
y o
of
f
t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
es
st
ts
s.
. I
It
t h
ha
as
s a
al
ls
so
o b
be
ee
en
n d
de
es
sc
cr
ri
ib
be
ed
d
e
ea
ar
rl
li
ie
er
r t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e “
“r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n”
”
d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
t p
pe
er
rs
so
on
ns
s w
wh
ho
o m
ma
ay
y b
be
e c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d
t
to
o u
un
nd
de
er
rg
go
o t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
ts
s i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f
a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
iv
ve
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
di
in
ng
gs
s o
or
r a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
di
in
ng
gs
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h m
ma
ay
y r
re
es
su
ul
lt
t i
in
n c
ci
iv
vi
il
l l
li
ia
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y.
. I
It
t
i
is
s a
al
ls
so
o c
co
on
nc
ce
ei
iv
va
ab
bl
le
e t
th
ha
at
t a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wh
ho
o i
is
s f
fo
or
rc
ce
ed
d t
to
o
u
un
nd
de
er
rg
go
o t
th
he
es
se
e t
te
es
st
ts
s m
ma
ay
y n
no
ot
t s
su
ub
bs
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nt
tl
ly
y f
fa
ac
ce
e
c
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
es
s.
. I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s c
co
on
nt
te
ex
xt
t,
, A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
)
w
wi
il
ll
l n
no
ot
t a
ap
pp
pl
ly
y i
in
n s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
ns
s w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
t r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
ec
co
om
me
e t
th
he
e b
ba
as
si
is
s o
of
f n
no
on
n-
-p
pe
en
na
al
l
c
co
on
ns
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
ce
es
s f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s c
cu
us
st
to
od
di
ia
al
l
a
ab
bu
us
se
e,
, p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e s
su
ur
rv
ve
ei
il
ll
la
an
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d h
ha
ar
ra
as
ss
sm
me
en
nt
t
a
am
mo
on
ng
g o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s.
.
1
19
91
1.
. I
In
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t f
fo
or
r t
th
he
es
se
e p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ti
ie
es
s,
,
w
we
e m
mu
us
st
t e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ne
e w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r t
th
he
e i
in
nv
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y
a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
ny
y o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e t
te
es
st
ts
s i
is
s c
co
om
mp
pa
at
ti
ib
bl
le
e
w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
l g
gu
ua
ar
ra
an
nt
te
ee
e o
of
f “
“s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
iv
ve
e
d
du
ue
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s”
”.
. T
Th
he
e s
st
ta
an
nd
da
ar
rd
d o
of
f “
“s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
iv
ve
e d
du
ue
e
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s”
” i
is
s o
of
f c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e t
th
he
e t
th
hr
re
es
sh
ho
ol
ld
d f
fo
or
r e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ni
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e v
va
al
li
id
di
it
ty
y o
of
f a
al
ll
l c
ca
at
te
eg
go
or
ri
ie
es
s o
of
f g
go
ov
ve
er
rn
nm
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
a
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t t
te
en
nd
d t
to
o i
in
nf
fr
ri
in
ng
ge
e u
up
po
on
n t
th
he
e i
id
de
ea
a o
of
f
“
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y”
”.
. W
We
e w
wi
il
ll
l p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h t
th
hi
is
s
i
in
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y w
wi
it
th
h r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
d t
to
o t
th
he
e v
va
ar
ri
io
ou
us
s d
di
im
me
en
ns
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f
“
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y”
” a
as
s u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
to
oo
od
d i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
ex
xt
t o
of
f

23
WP No.11759/2020
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h l
la
ay
ys
s d
do
ow
wn
n
t
th
ha
at
t:
:
“
“2
21
1.
. P
Pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f l
li
if
fe
e a
an
nd
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y.
.—
—N
No
o
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n s
sh
ha
al
ll
l b
be
e d
de
ep
pr
ri
iv
ve
ed
d o
of
f h
hi
is
s l
li
if
fe
e o
or
r p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y e
ex
xc
ce
ep
pt
t a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g t
to
o p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
he
ed
d
b
by
y L
La
aw
w.
.”
”
1
19
92
2.
. S
Si
in
nc
ce
e a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
te
er
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
es
st
ts
s
e
en
nt
ta
ai
il
ls
s t
th
he
e p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l c
co
on
nf
fi
in
ne
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t,
, i
it
t
i
is
s i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t t
to
o c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
r w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r t
th
he
ey
y c
ca
an
n b
be
e
r
re
ea
ad
d i
in
nt
to
o a
an
n e
ex
xi
is
st
ti
in
ng
g s
st
ta
at
tu
ut
to
or
ry
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n.
. T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s
s
so
o b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e a
an
ny
y f
fo
or
rm
m o
of
f r
re
es
st
tr
ra
ai
in
nt
t o
on
n p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y,
, h
ho
ow
ws
so
oe
ev
ve
er
r s
sl
li
ig
gh
ht
t i
it
t m
ma
ay
y b
be
e,
, m
mu
us
st
t h
ha
av
ve
e a
a
b
ba
as
si
is
s i
in
n L
La
aw
w.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, w
we
e h
ha
av
ve
e a
al
lr
re
ea
ad
dy
y
e
ex
xp
pl
la
ai
in
ne
ed
d h
ho
ow
w i
it
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t b
be
e p
pr
ru
ud
de
en
nt
t t
to
o r
re
ea
ad
d
t
th
he
e E
Ex
xp
pl
la
an
na
at
ti
io
on
n t
to
o S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 5
53
3 C
Cr
rP
PC
C i
in
n a
an
n
e
ex
xp
pa
an
ns
si
iv
ve
e m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r s
so
o a
as
s t
to
o i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d
t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s.
. T
Th
he
e s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d l
li
in
ne
e o
of
f i
in
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y i
is
s w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r
t
th
he
e i
in
nv
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e t
te
es
st
ts
s
o
of
ff
fe
en
nd
ds
s c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s t
th
ha
at
t h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n r
re
ea
ad
d i
in
nt
to
o
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 b
by
y w
wa
ay
y o
of
f j
ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
al
l p
pr
re
ec
ce
ed
de
en
nt
ts
s.
. T
Th
he
e
c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ti
io
on
ns
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e u
us
s h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
ou
uc
ch
he
ed
d o
on
n a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s
s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s t
th
he
e “
“r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y”
” a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e “
“r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t
a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t c
cr
ru
ue
el
l,
, i
in
nh
hu
um
ma
an
n a
an
nd
d d
de
eg
gr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g
t
tr
re
ea
at
tm
me
en
nt
t”
”.
. T
Th
he
e t
th
hi
ir
rd
d l
li
in
ne
e o
of
f i
in
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y i
is
s s
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
tu
ur
re
ed
d
a
ar
ro
ou
un
nd
d t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o f
fa
ai
ir
r t
tr
ri
ia
al
l w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s a
an
n e
es
ss
se
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l
c
co
om
mp
po
on
ne
en
nt
t o
of
f “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y”
”.
.
1
19
93
3.
. T
Th
he
er
re
e a
ar
re
e s
se
ev
ve
er
ra
al
l w
wa
ay
ys
s i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f e
ei
it
th
he
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e
i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
es
st
ts
s c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e v
vi
ie
ew
we
ed
d a
as
s a
a r
re
es
st
tr
ra
ai
in
nt
t o
on
n
“
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y”
”.
. T
Th
he
e m
mo
os
st
t o
ob
bv
vi
io
ou
us
s i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
to
or
r o
of
f
r
re
es
st
tr
ra
ai
in
nt
t i
is
s t
th
he
e u
us
se
e o
of
f p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l f
fo
or
rc
ce
e t
to
o e
en
ns
su
ur
re
e
t
th
ha
at
t a
an
n u
un
nw
wi
il
ll
li
in
ng
g p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
is
s c
co
on
nf
fi
in
ne
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e
p
pr
re
em
mi
is
se
es
s w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
ts
s a
ar
re
e t
to
o b
be
e c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
te
ed
d.
.
F
Fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
rm
mo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e d
dr
ru
ug
g-
-i
in
nd
du
uc
ce
ed
d r
re
ev
ve
el
la
at
ti
io
on
ns
s o
or
r t
th
he
e
s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
iv
ve
e i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
es
s d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e
m
me
ea
as
su
ur
re
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t’
’s
s p
ph
hy
ys
si
io
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l
r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
se
es
s c
ca
an
n b
be
e d
de
es
sc
cr
ri
ib
be
ed
d a
as
s a
an
n i
in
nt
tr
ru
us
si
io
on
n i
in
nt
to
o
t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t’
’s
s m
me
en
nt
ta
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y.
. I
It
t i
is
s a
al
ls
so
o q
qu
ui
it
te
e
c
co
on
nc
ce
ei
iv
va
ab
bl
le
e t
th
ha
at
t a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n c
co
ou
ul
ld
d m
ma
ak
ke
e a
an
n
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
in
ng
g s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t o
on
n b
be
ei
in
ng
g t
th
hr
re
ea
at
te
en
ne
ed
d

24
WP No.11759/2020
w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
os
sp
pe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
ny
y o
of
f
t
th
he
es
se
e t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s.
. C
Co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
se
el
ly
y,
, a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wh
ho
o h
ha
as
s
b
be
ee
en
n f
fo
or
rc
ci
ib
bl
ly
y s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
es
se
e t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s c
co
ou
ul
ld
d
b
be
e c
co
on
nf
fr
ro
on
nt
te
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s i
in
n a
a s
su
ub
bs
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nt
t
i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
er
re
eb
by
y e
el
li
ic
ci
it
ti
in
ng
g i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
in
ng
g
s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s.
.
2
20
03
3.
. T
Th
hi
is
s l
li
in
ne
e o
of
f p
pr
re
ec
ce
ed
de
en
nt
ts
s s
sh
ho
ow
ws
s t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d e
ex
xt
tr
ra
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f b
bl
lo
oo
od
d s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s i
in
n t
th
he
e
c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f a
a m
me
ed
di
ic
ca
al
l e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t
a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o “
“c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
t t
th
ha
at
t s
sh
ho
oc
ck
ks
s t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
sc
ci
ie
en
nc
ce
e”
”.
.
T
Th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
al
ls
so
o a
an
n e
en
nd
do
or
rs
se
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e v
vi
ie
ew
w t
th
ha
at
t
t
th
he
e u
us
se
e o
of
f “
“f
fo
or
rc
ce
e a
as
s m
ma
ay
y b
be
e r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
ly
y
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y”
” i
is
s m
ma
an
nd
da
at
te
ed
d b
by
y L
La
aw
w a
an
nd
d h
he
en
nc
ce
e i
it
t
m
me
ee
et
ts
s t
th
he
e t
th
hr
re
es
sh
ho
ol
ld
d o
of
f “
“p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
he
ed
d b
by
y
l
la
aw
w”
”.
. I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s l
li
ig
gh
ht
t,
, w
we
e m
mu
us
st
t r
re
es
st
ta
at
te
e t
tw
wo
o c
cr
ru
uc
ci
ia
al
l
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
ns
s t
th
ha
at
t a
ar
re
e r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e
b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e u
us
s.
. F
Fi
ir
rs
st
tl
ly
y,
, t
th
he
e r
re
es
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s p
pl
la
ac
ce
ed
d o
on
n
“
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y”
” i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
te
er
ri
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s a
ar
re
e n
no
ot
t l
li
im
mi
it
te
ed
d t
to
o
p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l c
co
on
nf
fi
in
ne
em
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e e
ex
xt
tr
ra
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f b
bo
od
di
il
ly
y
s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s.
. A
Al
ll
l t
th
he
e t
th
hr
re
ee
e t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s i
in
n q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n
a
al
ls
so
o i
in
nv
vo
ol
lv
ve
e t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
se
es
s.
. S
Se
ec
co
on
nd
dl
ly
y,
,
m
mo
os
st
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
em
me
en
nt
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d c
ca
as
se
es
s w
we
er
re
e d
de
ec
ci
id
de
ed
d
i
in
n a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
da
an
nc
ce
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e t
th
hr
re
es
sh
ho
ol
ld
d o
of
f “
“p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e
e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
he
ed
d b
by
y l
la
aw
w”
” f
fo
or
r r
re
es
st
tr
ra
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y”
”.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s c
ca
as
se
e w
we
e m
mu
us
st
t u
us
se
e a
a
b
br
ro
oa
ad
de
er
r s
st
ta
an
nd
da
ar
rd
d o
of
f r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
en
ne
es
ss
s t
to
o e
ev
va
al
lu
ua
at
te
e
t
th
he
e v
va
al
li
id
di
it
ty
y o
of
f t
th
he
e t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s i
in
n q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
hi
is
s
w
wi
id
de
er
r i
in
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y c
ca
al
ll
ls
s f
fo
or
r d
de
ec
ci
id
di
in
ng
g w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e
c
co
om
mp
pa
at
ti
ib
bl
le
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e v
va
ar
ri
io
ou
us
s j
ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y r
re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
is
se
ed
d
d
di
im
me
en
ns
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y”
” s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t
t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y,
, t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t c
cr
ru
ue
el
l,
, i
in
nh
hu
um
ma
an
n o
or
r
d
de
eg
gr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g t
tr
re
ea
at
tm
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o f
fa
ai
ir
r t
tr
ri
ia
al
l.
.
2
22
26
6.
. T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, i
it
t i
is
s o
ou
ur
r c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t
s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n t
to
o t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s
i
in
n a
an
n i
in
nv
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
es
s t
th
he
e p
pr
re
es
sc
cr
ri
ib
be
ed
d
b
bo
ou
un
nd
da
ar
ri
ie
es
s o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y.
. F
Fo
or
rc
ci
ib
bl
le
e i
in
nt
te
er
rf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e w
wi
it
th
h
a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n’
’s
s m
me
en
nt
ta
al
l p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
se
es
s i
is
s n
no
ot
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d f
fo
or
r
u
un
nd
de
er
r a
an
ny
y s
st
ta
at
tu
ut
te
e a
an
nd
d i
it
t m
mo
os
st
t c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
nl
ly
y c
co
om
me
es
s
i
in
nt
to
o c
co
on
nf
fl
li
ic
ct
t w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e “
“r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n”
”.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
hi
is
s d
de
et
te
er
rm
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n d
do
oe
es
s

25
WP No.11759/2020
n
no
ot
t a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t f
fo
or
r c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s w
wh
he
er
re
e a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o a
an
ny
y o
of
f t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
es
st
ts
s
b
bu
ut
t n
no
ot
t e
ex
xp
po
os
se
ed
d t
to
o c
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
es
s a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e
p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f c
co
on
nv
vi
ic
ct
ti
io
on
n.
. I
In
n s
su
uc
ch
h c
ca
as
se
es
s,
, h
he
e/
/s
sh
he
e
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d s
st
ti
il
ll
l f
fa
ac
ce
e a
ad
dv
ve
er
rs
se
e c
co
on
ns
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
ce
es
s s
su
uc
ch
h a
as
s
c
cu
us
st
to
od
di
ia
al
l a
ab
bu
us
se
e,
, s
su
ur
rv
ve
ei
il
ll
la
an
nc
ce
e,
, u
un
nd
du
ue
e h
ha
ar
ra
as
ss
sm
me
en
nt
t
a
an
nd
d s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l s
st
ti
ig
gm
ma
a a
am
mo
on
ng
g o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s.
. I
In
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o
a
ad
dd
dr
re
es
ss
s s
su
uc
ch
h c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s,
, i
it
t i
is
s i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t t
to
o
e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ne
e s
so
om
me
e o
ot
th
he
er
r d
di
im
me
en
ns
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
2.
.
C
Co
on
nc
cl
lu
us
si
io
on
n
2
26
62
2.
. I
In
n o
ou
ur
r c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
so
or
ry
y
a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d t
te
ec
ch
hn
ni
iq
qu
ue
es
s
v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
es
s t
th
he
e “
“r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n”
”.
.
T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e t
th
he
e u
un
nd
de
er
rl
ly
yi
in
ng
g r
ra
at
ti
io
on
na
al
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
sa
ai
id
d r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t i
is
s t
to
o e
en
ns
su
ur
re
e t
th
he
e r
re
el
li
ia
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y a
as
s w
we
el
ll
l a
as
s
v
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ri
in
ne
es
ss
s o
of
f s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s t
th
ha
at
t a
ar
re
e a
ad
dm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d a
as
s
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
. T
Th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t h
ha
as
s r
re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
is
se
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e s
sc
co
op
pe
e o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) e
ex
xt
te
en
nd
ds
s t
to
o t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
iv
ve
e s
st
ta
ag
ge
e i
in
n c
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l c
ca
as
se
es
s a
an
nd
d w
wh
he
en
n
r
re
ea
ad
d w
wi
it
th
h S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
61
1(
(2
2)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l
P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, 1
19
97
73
3 i
it
t p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ts
s a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
ns
s,
,
s
su
us
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s a
as
s w
we
el
ll
l a
as
s w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
se
es
s w
wh
ho
o a
ar
re
e e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ne
ed
d
d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g a
an
n i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
he
e t
te
es
st
t r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t
b
be
e a
ad
dm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d i
in
n e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e i
if
f t
th
he
ey
y h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n
o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
he
e u
us
se
e o
of
f c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n.
. A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e
2
20
0(
(3
3)
) p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ts
s a
an
n i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l’
’s
s c
ch
ho
oi
ic
ce
e b
be
et
tw
we
ee
en
n
s
sp
pe
ea
ak
ki
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d r
re
em
ma
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g s
si
il
le
en
nt
t,
, i
ir
rr
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f
w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bs
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nt
t t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y p
pr
ro
ov
ve
es
s t
to
o b
be
e
i
in
nc
cu
ul
lp
pa
at
to
or
ry
y o
or
r e
ex
xc
cu
ul
lp
pa
at
to
or
ry
y.
. A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) a
ai
im
ms
s t
to
o
p
pr
re
ev
ve
en
nt
t t
th
he
e f
fo
or
rc
ci
ib
bl
le
e “
“c
co
on
nv
ve
ey
ya
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t t
to
o t
th
he
e f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s i
in
n i
is
ss
su
ue
e”
”.
.
T
Th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m e
ea
ac
ch
h o
of
f t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d
t
te
es
st
ts
s b
be
ea
ar
r a
a “
“t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l”
” c
ch
ha
ar
ra
ac
ct
te
er
r a
an
nd
d t
th
he
ey
y
c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e c
ca
at
te
eg
go
or
ri
is
se
ed
d a
as
s m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
l e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
."
"
4
4.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r i
is
s n
no
ot
t w
wi
il
ll
li
in
ng
g o
or
r c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
ti
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r
P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h T
Te
es
st
t,
, h
ha
ad
d t
th
he
er
re
e b
be
ee
en
n a
an
n

26
WP No.11759/2020
o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ty
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e
p
pa
as
ss
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3-
-9
9-
-
2
20
02
20
0,
, h
he
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e m
me
en
nt
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d t
th
he
e s
st
ta
an
nd
d o
of
f
‘
‘n
no
o c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t f
fo
or
r P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h T
Te
es
st
t’
’.
. S
Su
uc
ch
h
o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ty
y n
no
ot
t h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g b
be
ee
en
n p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d i
is
s a
a
v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f h
hi
is
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n
a
an
nd
d r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ar
re
e g
gu
ua
ar
ra
an
nt
te
ee
ed
d
u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
es
s 2
20
0 c
cl
la
au
us
se
e (
(3
3)
) a
an
nd
d 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n
4
4.
.4
4.
. T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, i
in
nv
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y P
Po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h T
Te
es
st
t i
is
s
p
pr
ro
oh
hi
ib
bi
it
te
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r L
La
aw
w a
as
s l
la
ai
id
d d
do
ow
wn
n b
by
y t
th
he
e
H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f S
Se
el
lv
vi
i
V
V/
/s
s S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f K
Ka
ar
rn
na
at
ta
ak
ka
a -
- r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n
2
20
01
10
0 (
(7
7)
) S
SC
CC
C P
Pa
ag
ge
e -
- 2
26
63
3.
.
4
4.
.5
5.
. T
Th
he
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f S
Se
el
lv
vi
i V
V/
/s
s S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f
K
Ka
ar
rn
na
at
ta
ak
ka
a,
, h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n a
ap
pp
pr
ro
ov
ve
ed
d b
by
y H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e
S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n a
a r
re
ec
ce
en
nt
t d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f

27
WP No.11759/2020
T
To
oo
of
fa
an
n S
Si
in
ng
gh
h V
V/
/s
s S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f T
Ta
am
mi
il
ln
na
ad
du
u
r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n 2
20
02
20
0 S
SC
CC
C o
on
nl
li
in
ne
e S
SC
C 8
82
2.
.
4
4.
.6
6.
. T
Th
he
e p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
e o
of
f S
Se
el
lv
vi
i’
’s
s c
ca
as
se
e h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n
r
re
ei
it
te
er
ra
at
te
ed
d i
in
n a
a c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f
M
Mr
r.
.J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
eK
K.
.S
S.
.P
Pu
ut
tt
ta
as
sw
wa
am
my
y V
V/
/s
s U
Un
ni
io
on
n o
of
f
I
In
nd
di
ia
a r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n 2
20
01
17
7 (
(1
10
0)
) S
SC
CC
C p
pa
ag
ge
e 1
1.
.
V
Vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f P
Pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
es
s o
of
f n
na
at
tu
ur
ra
al
l J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e:
:
4
4.
.7
7.
. S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s 5
53
3 a
an
nd
d 3
31
11
1-
-A
A o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f
C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e a
al
ls
so
o d
do
o n
no
ot
t e
em
mp
po
ow
we
er
r a
an
ny
y
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
or
r M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e t
th
he
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d t
to
o u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
er
re
ea
af
ft
te
er
r
t
to
o u
us
se
e t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e i
in
n m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e b
by
y t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
or
r
t
tr
ri
ia
al
l o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d.
.
4
4.
.8
8.
. S
Su
uc
ch
h a
an
n o
or
rd
de
er
r c
co
ou
ul
ld
d n
ne
ev
ve
er
r h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d,
,

28
WP No.11759/2020
m
mu
uc
ch
h l
le
es
ss
s w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t h
he
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r o
or
r
h
hi
is
s c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l;
; t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d o
or
rd
de
er
r i
is
s v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
es
s o
of
f n
na
at
tu
ur
ra
al
l j
ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e,
, m
mo
or
re
e s
so
o t
th
he
e m
mo
os
st
t
f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l P
Pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
e o
of
f ‘
‘A
Au
ud
di
i A
Al
lt
te
er
rm
m
P
Pa
ar
rt
te
em
m’
’.
.
4
4.
.9
9.
. T
Th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d o
or
rd
de
er
r i
is
s n
no
o o
or
rd
de
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e e
ey
ye
e o
of
f L
La
aw
w
a
as
s s
su
uc
ch
h a
an
n a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s f
fi
il
le
ed
d f
fo
or
r r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
l o
of
f
t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r,
, t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e r
re
ec
ct
ti
if
fi
ie
ed
d
i
it
ts
s m
mi
is
st
ta
ak
ke
e t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g i
in
nt
to
o c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n t
th
he
e
J
Ju
ud
dg
gm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e A
Ap
pe
ex
x C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
he
e
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
di
id
d n
no
ot
t.
.
R
Ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o P
Pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y
4
4.
.1
10
0.
. I
In
ns
si
is
st
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e
p
ph
ho
on
ne
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ns
s h
hi
is
s p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f ‘
‘R
Ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o P
Pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y’
’ a
as
s
h
he
el
ld
d b
by
y t
th
he
e H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e
c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f M
Mr
r.
.J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
eK
K.
.S
S.
.P
Pu
ut
tt
ta
as
sw
wa
am
my
y’
’s
sc
ca
as
se
e.
.

29
WP No.11759/2020
4
4.
.1
11
1.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4-
-9
9-
-2
20
02
20
0
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e b
by
y
u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
ki
in
ng
g t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e i
is
s c
co
on
nt
tr
ra
ar
ry
y t
to
o t
th
he
e
p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y a
an
nd
d a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
ts
s
t
to
o t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s
g
gu
ua
ar
ra
an
nt
te
ee
ed
d a
as
s f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s;
; i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s
r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
d,
, h
he
e r
re
el
li
ie
es
s o
on
n t
th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g p
pa
ar
ra
ag
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s
i
in
n M
Mr
r.
.J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
eK
K.
.S
S.
.P
Pu
ut
tt
ta
as
sw
wa
am
my
y’
’s
s c
ca
as
se
e.
.
2
24
49
9.
. I
In
nt
te
eg
gr
ra
at
te
ed
d t
to
og
ge
et
th
he
er
r,
, t
th
he
e f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
n
no
ot
ti
io
on
ns
s o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n d
de
ep
pi
ic
ct
te
ed
d i
in
n a
a
s
se
em
mi
in
na
al
l a
ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e p
pu
ub
bl
li
is
sh
he
ed
d i
in
n 2
20
01
17
7 t
ti
it
tl
le
ed
d “
“A
A
T
Ty
yp
po
ol
lo
og
gy
y o
of
f P
Pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y”
” [
[ B
Be
er
rt
t-
-J
Ja
aa
ap
p K
Ko
oo
op
ps
s e
et
t a
al
l.
.,
, “
“A
A
T
Ty
yp
po
ol
lo
og
gy
y o
of
f P
Pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y”
”,
, U
Un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ty
y o
of
f P
Pe
en
nn
ns
sy
yl
lv
va
an
ni
ia
a
J
Jo
ou
ur
rn
na
al
l o
of
f I
In
nt
te
er
rn
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l L
La
aw
w (
(2
20
01
17
7)
),
, V
Vo
ol
l.
. 3
38
8
I
Is
ss
su
ue
e 2
2,
, a
at
t p
p.
. 5
56
66
6.
.]
] i
in
n t
th
he
e U
Un
ni
iv
ve
er
rs
si
it
ty
y o
of
f
P
Pe
en
nn
ns
sy
yl
lv
va
an
ni
ia
a J
Jo
ou
ur
rn
na
al
l o
of
f I
In
nt
te
er
rn
na
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l L
La
aw
w.
. T
Th
he
e
a
ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ns
s a
an
n e
ex
xc
ce
el
ll
le
en
nt
t v
vi
is
su
ua
al
l d
de
ep
pi
ic
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
te
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g
f
fo
or
rm
ma
at
t:
:

30
WP No.11759/2020
2
25
50
0.
. T
Th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e d
di
ia
ag
gr
ra
am
mm
ma
at
ti
ic
ca
al
l r
re
ep
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
ta
at
ti
io
on
n
p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
ts
s t
tw
wo
o p
pr
ri
im
ma
ar
ry
y a
ax
xe
es
s:
: a
a h
ho
or
ri
iz
zo
on
nt
ta
al
l a
ax
xi
is
s
c
co
on
ns
si
is
st
ti
in
ng
g o
of
f f
fo
ou
ur
r z
zo
on
ne
es
s o
of
f p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y a
an
nd
d a
a v
ve
er
rt
ti
ic
ca
al
l
a
ax
xi
is
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h e
em
mp
ph
ha
as
si
is
se
es
s t
tw
wo
o a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s o
of
f f
fr
re
ee
ed
do
om
m:
:
t
th
he
e f
fr
re
ee
ed
do
om
m t
to
o b
be
e l
le
et
t a
al
lo
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e f
fr
re
ee
ed
do
om
m f
fo
or
r
s
se
el
lf
f-
-d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t.
. T
Th
he
e n
ni
in
ne
e p
pr
ri
im
ma
ar
ry
y t
ty
yp
pe
es
s o
of
f
p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y a
ar
re
e,
, a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g t
to
o t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e d
de
ep
pi
ic
ct
ti
io
on
n:
:
(
(i
i)
) b
bo
od
di
il
ly
y p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
ts
s t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y o
of
f
t
th
he
e p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l b
bo
od
dy
y.
. I
Im
mp
pl
li
ic
ci
it
t i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s i
is
s t
th
he
e n
ne
eg
ga
at
ti
iv
ve
e
f
fr
re
ee
ed
do
om
m o
of
f b
be
ei
in
ng
g a
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o p
pr
re
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s f
fr
ro
om
m
v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
in
ng
g o
on
ne
e’
’s
s b
bo
od
dy
y o
or
r f
fr
ro
om
m r
re
es
st
tr
ra
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
f
fr
re
ee
ed
do
om
m o
of
f b
bo
od
di
il
ly
y m
mo
ov
ve
em
me
en
nt
t;
;
(
(i
ii
i)
) s
sp
pa
at
ti
ia
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
te
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e
p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y o
of
f a
a p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e s
sp
pa
ac
ce
e t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s
o
of
f o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s c
ca
an
n b
be
e r
re
es
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e s
sp
pa
ac
ce
e;
;
i
in
nt
ti
im
ma
at
te
e r
re
el
la
at
ti
io
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d f
fa
am
mi
il
ly
y l
li
if
fe
e a
ar
re
e a
an
n a
ap
pt
t
i
il
ll
lu
us
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f s
sp
pa
at
ti
ia
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y;
;
(
(i
ii
ii
i)
) c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
te
ed
d

31
WP No.11759/2020
i
in
n e
en
na
ab
bl
li
in
ng
g a
an
n i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l t
to
o r
re
es
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
t a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o
c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
ns
s o
or
r c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
l t
th
he
e u
us
se
e o
of
f
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
te
ed
d t
to
o t
th
hi
ir
rd
d
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ie
es
s;
;
(
(i
iv
v)
) p
pr
ro
op
pr
ri
ie
et
ta
ar
ry
y p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
te
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t o
of
f a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
in
n u
ut
ti
il
li
is
si
in
ng
g p
pr
ro
op
pe
er
rt
ty
y a
as
s a
a
m
me
ea
an
ns
s t
to
o s
sh
hi
ie
el
ld
d f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s,
, t
th
hi
in
ng
gs
s o
or
r i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n
f
fr
ro
om
m o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s;
;
(
(v
v)
) i
in
nt
te
el
ll
le
ec
ct
tu
ua
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
te
ed
d a
as
s a
an
n
i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y o
of
f t
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
ht
t a
an
nd
d
m
mi
in
nd
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d
b
be
el
li
ie
ef
fs
s;
;
(
(v
vi
i)
) d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
na
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
te
ed
d b
by
y a
an
n a
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y t
to
o
m
ma
ak
ke
e i
in
nt
ti
im
ma
at
te
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
ns
s p
pr
ri
im
ma
ar
ri
il
ly
y c
co
on
ns
si
is
st
ti
in
ng
g
o
on
ne
e’
’s
s s
se
ex
xu
ua
al
l o
or
r p
pr
ro
oc
cr
re
ea
at
ti
iv
ve
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e a
an
nd
d d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
ns
s
i
in
n r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f i
in
nt
ti
im
ma
at
te
e r
re
el
la
at
ti
io
on
ns
s;
;
(
(v
vi
ii
i)
) a
as
ss
so
oc
ci
ia
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
te
ed
d i
in
n
t
th
he
e a
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l t
to
o c
ch
ho
oo
os
se
e w
wh
ho
o s
sh
he
e
w
wi
is
sh
he
es
s t
to
o i
in
nt
te
er
ra
ac
ct
t w
wi
it
th
h;
;
(
(v
vi
ii
ii
i)
) b
be
eh
ha
av
vi
io
ou
ur
ra
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h r
re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
is
se
es
s t
th
he
e
p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
ts
s o
of
f a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n e
ev
ve
en
n w
wh
hi
il
le
e
c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
ti
in
ng
g p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
cl
ly
y v
vi
is
si
ib
bl
le
e a
ac
ct
ti
iv
vi
it
ti
ie
es
s.
.
B
Be
eh
ha
av
vi
io
ou
ur
ra
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y p
po
os
st
tu
ul
la
at
te
es
s t
th
ha
at
t e
ev
ve
en
n w
wh
he
en
n
a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s i
is
s g
gr
ra
an
nt
te
ed
d t
to
o o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s,
, t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l i
is
s
e
en
nt
ti
it
tl
le
ed
d t
to
o c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
l t
th
he
e e
ex
xt
te
en
nt
t o
of
f a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s a
an
nd
d
p
pr
re
es
se
er
rv
ve
e t
to
o h
he
er
rs
se
el
lf
f a
a m
me
ea
as
su
ur
re
e o
of
f f
fr
re
ee
ed
do
om
m f
fr
ro
om
m
u
un
nw
wa
an
nt
te
ed
d i
in
nt
tr
ru
us
si
io
on
n;
; a
an
nd
d
(
(i
ix
x)
) i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h r
re
ef
fl
le
ec
ct
ts
s a
an
n
i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t i
in
n p
pr
re
ev
ve
en
nt
ti
in
ng
g i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e s
se
el
lf
f
f
fr
ro
om
m b
be
ei
in
ng
g d
di
is
ss
se
em
mi
in
na
at
te
ed
d a
an
nd
d c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
ll
li
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
e
ex
xt
te
en
nt
t o
of
f a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n.
.

32
WP No.11759/2020
4
4.
.1
12
2.
. T
Th
he
er
re
e i
is
s n
no
o s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c l
la
aw
w,
, e
en
na
ab
bl
li
in
ng
g t
th
he
e t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g
a
aw
wa
ay
y h
hi
is
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y,
, o
or
r f
fo
or
r a
a d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o
b
be
e g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y a
an
ny
y c
co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, e
ei
it
th
he
er
r t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d o
of
f h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e o
or
r t
to
o u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e
a
an
nd
d f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
r t
to
o u
us
se
e t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d i
in
n h
hi
is
s
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
4
4.
.1
13
3.
. S
Si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y i
is
s r
re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
is
se
ed
d a
as
s a
a
f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n,
, t
to
o t
ta
ak
ke
e a
aw
wa
ay
y t
th
hi
is
s f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t,
, e
ev
ve
en
n o
of
f a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d,
, t
th
he
er
re
e m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e a
a
l
la
aw
w e
en
na
ac
ct
te
ed
d b
by
y P
Pa
ar
rl
li
ia
am
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e L
La
aw
w m
mu
us
st
t
m
me
ee
et
t t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
t o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 a
as
s l
la
ai
id
d d
do
ow
wn
n i
in
n
M
Ma
an
ne
ek
ka
a G
Ga
an
nd
dh
hi
i’
’s
s c
ca
as
se
e i
i.
.e
e.
.,
, i
it
t m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e j
ju
us
st
t,
,
f
fa
ai
ir
r a
an
nd
d r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
e n
no
ot
t i
il
ll
lu
us
so
or
ry
y.
.
4
4.
.1
14
4.
. T
Ti
il
ll
l t
to
od
da
ay
y,
, n
no
o l
la
aw
w i
is
s e
en
na
ac
ct
te
ed
d b
by
y P
Pa
ar
rl
li
ia
am
me
en
nt
t
e
em
mp
po
ow
we
er
ri
in
ng
g a
an
ny
y C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d a
an
nd
d i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n

33
WP No.11759/2020
c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d i
in
n m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
es
s.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e a
ab
bs
se
en
nc
ce
e
o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s,
, t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
da
at
te
ed
d
1
14
4-
-9
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 i
is
s n
no
ot
t s
su
us
st
ta
ai
in
na
ab
bl
le
e i
in
n L
La
aw
w.
.
S
Se
el
lf
f I
In
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n
4
4.
.1
15
5.
. E
Ev
ve
en
n d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
i
is
s e
en
nt
ti
it
tl
le
ed
d t
to
o r
re
em
ma
ai
in
n s
si
il
le
en
nt
t,
, t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e i
in
ns
si
is
st
ti
in
ng
g
o
on
n r
re
ev
ve
ea
al
li
in
ng
g p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r t
to
o u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e
p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d t
to
o o
op
pe
en
n h
hi
is
s E
E-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s
a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
ts
s t
to
o c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
li
in
ng
g h
hi
im
m t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s
a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s i
in
n v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
61
1 (
(2
2)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l
P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e a
an
nd
d a
al
ls
so
o u
un
nd
de
er
r a
ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
es
s 2
20
0 c
cl
la
au
us
se
e
(
(3
3)
) a
an
nd
d 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n.
. I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
d,
,
h
he
e r
re
el
li
ie
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e
S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f U
Un
ni
it
te
ed
d S
St
ta
at
te
es
s i
in
n
M
Mi
ir
ra
an
nd
da
a v
vs
s.
. A
Ar
ri
iz
zo
on
na
a [384 U.S. 436
(1966) DD 13.06.1966].

34
WP No.11759/2020
I
In
n o
or
rd
de
er
r f
fu
ul
ll
ly
y t
to
o a
ap
pp
pr
ri
is
se
e a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
te
ed
d o
of
f
t
th
he
e e
ex
xt
te
en
nt
t o
of
f h
hi
is
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s u
un
nd
de
er
r t
th
hi
is
s s
sy
ys
st
te
em
m t
th
he
en
n,
, i
it
t
i
is
s n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y t
to
o w
wa
ar
rn
n h
hi
im
m n
no
ot
t o
on
nl
ly
y t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e h
ha
as
s t
th
he
e
r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o c
co
on
ns
su
ul
lt
t w
wi
it
th
h a
an
n a
at
tt
to
or
rn
ne
ey
y,
, b
bu
ut
t a
al
ls
so
o t
th
ha
at
t i
if
f
h
he
e i
is
s i
in
nd
di
ig
ge
en
nt
t a
a l
la
aw
wy
ye
er
r w
wi
il
ll
l b
be
e a
ap
pp
po
oi
in
nt
te
ed
d t
to
o
r
re
ep
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t h
hi
im
m.
. W
Wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t t
th
hi
is
s a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l w
wa
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g,
,
t
th
he
e a
ad
dm
mo
on
ni
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o c
co
on
ns
su
ul
lt
t w
wi
it
th
h c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d o
of
ft
te
en
n b
be
e u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
to
oo
od
d a
as
s m
me
ea
an
ni
in
ng
g o
on
nl
ly
y t
th
ha
at
t
h
he
e c
ca
an
n c
co
on
ns
su
ul
lt
t w
wi
it
th
h a
a l
la
aw
wy
ye
er
r i
if
f h
he
e h
ha
as
s o
on
ne
e o
or
r h
ha
as
s
t
th
he
e f
fu
un
nd
ds
s t
to
o o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
n o
on
ne
e.
. T
Th
he
e w
wa
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
g o
of
f a
a r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o
c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e h
ho
ol
ll
lo
ow
w i
if
f n
no
ot
t c
co
ou
uc
ch
he
ed
d i
in
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s
t
th
ha
at
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d c
co
on
nv
ve
ey
y t
to
o t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
ig
ge
en
nt
t—
—t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
m
mo
os
st
t o
of
ft
te
en
n s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n—
—t
th
he
e
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e t
to
oo
o h
ha
as
s a
a r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l
p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t.
. A
As
s w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e w
wa
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
gs
s o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o
r
re
em
ma
ai
in
n s
si
il
le
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d o
of
f t
th
he
e g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l,
,
o
on
nl
ly
y b
by
y e
ef
ff
fe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e a
an
nd
d e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
s e
ex
xp
pl
la
an
na
at
ti
io
on
n t
to
o t
th
he
e
i
in
nd
di
ig
ge
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t c
ca
an
n t
th
he
er
re
e b
be
e a
as
ss
su
ur
ra
an
nc
ce
e t
th
ha
at
t
h
he
e w
wa
as
s t
tr
ru
ul
ly
y i
in
n a
a p
po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n t
to
o e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
e i
it
t.
.
O
On
nc
ce
e w
wa
ar
rn
ni
in
ng
gs
s h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n g
gi
iv
ve
en
n,
, t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bs
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nt
t
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e i
is
s c
cl
le
ea
ar
r.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
te
es
s i
in
n
a
an
ny
y m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r,
, a
at
t a
an
ny
y t
ti
im
me
e p
pr
ri
io
or
r t
to
o o
or
r d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g
q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ni
in
ng
g,
, t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e w
wi
is
sh
he
es
s t
to
o r
re
em
ma
ai
in
n s
si
il
le
en
nt
t,
, t
th
he
e
i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n m
mu
us
st
t c
ce
ea
as
se
e.
. A
At
t t
th
hi
is
s p
po
oi
in
nt
t h
he
e h
ha
as
s
s
sh
ho
ow
wn
n t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e i
in
nt
te
en
nd
ds
s t
to
o e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
e h
hi
is
s F
Fi
if
ft
th
h
A
Am
me
en
nd
dm
me
en
nt
t p
pr
ri
iv
vi
il
le
eg
ge
e;
; a
an
ny
y s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t t
ta
ak
ke
en
n a
af
ft
te
er
r
t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
in
nv
vo
ok
ke
es
s h
hi
is
s p
pr
ri
iv
vi
il
le
eg
ge
e c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e o
ot
th
he
er
r
t
th
ha
an
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
t o
of
f c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n,
, s
su
ub
bt
tl
le
e o
or
r
o
ot
th
he
er
rw
wi
is
se
e.
. W
Wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o c
cu
ut
t o
of
ff
f
q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ni
in
ng
g,
, t
th
he
e s
se
et
tt
ti
in
ng
g o
of
f i
in
n-
-c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y
i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
es
s o
on
n t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l t
to
o
o
ov
ve
er
rc
co
om
me
e f
fr
re
ee
e c
ch
ho
oi
ic
ce
e i
in
n p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ci
in
ng
g a
a s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t
a
af
ft
te
er
r t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
vi
il
le
eg
ge
e h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n o
on
nc
ce
e i
in
nv
vo
ok
ke
ed
d.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e
i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l s
st
ta
at
te
es
s t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e w
wa
an
nt
ts
s a
an
n a
at
tt
to
or
rn
ne
ey
y,
, t
th
he
e
i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n m
mu
us
st
t c
ce
ea
as
se
e u
un
nt
ti
il
l a
an
n a
at
tt
to
or
rn
ne
ey
y i
is
s
p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t.
. A
At
t t
th
ha
at
t t
ti
im
me
e,
, t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l m
mu
us
st
t h
ha
av
ve
e a
an
n
o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ty
y t
to
o c
co
on
nf
fe
er
r w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e a
at
tt
to
or
rn
ne
ey
y a
an
nd
d t
to
o
h
ha
av
ve
e h
hi
im
m p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g a
an
ny
y s
su
ub
bs
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nt
t
q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ni
in
ng
g.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
n a
an
n
a
at
tt
to
or
rn
ne
ey
y a
an
nd
d h
he
e i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
te
es
s t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e w
wa
an
nt
ts
s o
on
ne
e
b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e s
sp
pe
ea
ak
ki
in
ng
g t
to
o p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e,
, t
th
he
ey
y m
mu
us
st
t r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
t h
hi
is
s
d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n t
to
o r
re
em
ma
ai
in
n s
si
il
le
en
nt
t.
.

35
WP No.11759/2020
T
Th
hi
is
s d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t m
me
ea
an
n,
, a
as
s s
so
om
me
e h
ha
av
ve
e s
su
ug
gg
ge
es
st
te
ed
d,
,
t
th
ha
at
t e
ea
ac
ch
h p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e s
st
ta
at
ti
io
on
n m
mu
us
st
t h
ha
av
ve
e a
a ‘
‘s
st
ta
at
ti
io
on
n
h
ho
ou
us
se
e l
la
aw
wy
ye
er
r’
’ p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t a
at
t a
al
ll
l t
ti
im
me
es
s t
to
o a
ad
dv
vi
is
se
e
p
pr
ri
is
so
on
ne
er
rs
s.
. I
It
t d
do
oe
es
s m
me
ea
an
n,
, h
ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
ha
at
t i
if
f p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e
p
pr
ro
op
po
os
se
e t
to
o i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
te
e a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n t
th
he
ey
y m
mu
us
st
t
m
ma
ak
ke
e k
kn
no
ow
wn
n t
to
o h
hi
im
m t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e i
is
s e
en
nt
ti
it
tl
le
ed
d t
to
o a
a
l
la
aw
wy
ye
er
r a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t i
if
f h
he
e c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t a
af
ff
fo
or
rd
d o
on
ne
e,
, a
a
l
la
aw
wy
ye
er
r w
wi
il
ll
l b
be
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d f
fo
or
r h
hi
im
m p
pr
ri
io
or
r t
to
o a
an
ny
y
i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. I
If
f a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ti
ie
es
s c
co
on
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
ey
y
w
wi
il
ll
l n
no
ot
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g a
a r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
e
p
pe
er
ri
io
od
d o
of
f t
ti
im
me
e i
in
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e
f
fi
ie
el
ld
d i
is
s c
ca
ar
rr
ri
ie
ed
d o
ou
ut
t,
, t
th
he
ey
y m
ma
ay
y r
re
ef
fr
ra
ai
in
n f
fr
ro
om
m d
do
oi
in
ng
g
s
so
o w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n’
’s
s F
Fi
if
ft
th
h
A
Am
me
en
nd
dm
me
en
nt
t p
pr
ri
iv
vi
il
le
eg
ge
e s
so
o l
lo
on
ng
g a
as
s t
th
he
ey
y d
do
o n
no
ot
t
q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n h
hi
im
m d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
ha
at
t t
ti
im
me
e.
."
"
4
4.
.1
16
6.
. I
In
ns
si
is
st
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d f
fo
or
r d
de
ec
cr
ry
yp
pt
ti
io
on
n o
of
f d
da
at
ta
a
c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d i
in
n h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
ts
s t
to
o
f
fo
or
rc
ci
in
ng
g h
hi
im
m t
to
o r
re
ev
ve
ea
al
l h
hi
is
s p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n
a
an
nd
d e
ev
ve
en
n i
if
f a
an
ny
y i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
di
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e o
or
r a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r
o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e i
is
s c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d t
th
he
er
re
ei
in
n,
, h
he
e c
ca
an
n r
re
ef
fu
us
se
e t
to
o
d
do
o s
so
o a
as
s c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
pl
la
at
te
ed
d U
U/
/s
s 1
16
61
1 (
(2
2)
) o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.
4
4.
.1
17
7.
. I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s W
Wr
ri
it
t P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
n a
al
ls
so
o t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r h
ha
as
s
a
as
ss
se
er
rt
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e h
ha
as
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o r
re
em
ma
ai
in
n s
si
il
le
en
nt
t
d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n a
al
ls
so
o a
an
nd
d i
in
ns
si
is
st
ti
in
ng
g
h
hi
im
m t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d o
of
f h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e

36
WP No.11759/2020
p
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, i
is
s c
co
on
nt
tr
ra
ar
ry
y t
to
o h
hi
is
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o r
re
em
ma
ai
in
n s
si
il
le
en
nt
t
a
as
s h
he
el
ld
d b
by
y t
th
he
e A
Ap
pe
ex
x C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n N
Na
an
nd
di
in
ni
i
S
Sa
at
th
hp
pa
at
th
hy
y v
v/
/s
s P
P.
.L
L.
.D
Da
an
ni
is
s 1
19
97
78
8 (
(2
2)
) S
SC
CC
C
4
42
24
4,
, a
an
nd
d i
it
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
ts
s t
to
o t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l
c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n h
hi
it
t b
by
y A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n.
.
4
4.
.1
18
8.
. E
Ev
ve
en
n i
in
n t
th
he
e f
fa
am
mo
ou
us
s d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f
B
Bo
om
mb
ba
ay
y V
V/
/s
s K
Ka
at
th
hi
i K
Ka
al
lu
u O
Og
gh
ha
ad
d r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d
i
in
n A
AI
IR
R 1
19
96
61
1 S
SC
C P
Pa
ag
ge
e 1
18
80
08
8,
, i
in
n p
pa
ar
ra
a 1
11
1
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h r
re
ea
ad
ds
s t
th
hu
us
s:
:
“
“T
To
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
” m
me
ea
an
ns
s i
im
mp
pa
ar
rt
ti
in
ng
g o
of
f
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e i
in
n r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s b
by
y
m
me
ea
an
ns
s o
of
f o
or
ra
al
l s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n
w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g,
, b
by
y a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wh
ho
o h
ha
as
s p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s t
to
o b
be
e c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
te
ed
d
t
to
o a
a c
co
ou
ur
rt
t o
or
r t
to
o’
’ a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n h
ho
ol
ld
di
in
ng
g a
an
n e
en
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y
o
or
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n”
”
4
4.
.1
19
9.
. T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, i
in
ns
si
is
st
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r -
- a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d o
of
f h
hi
is
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e i
is
s
i
im
mp
pa
ar
rt
ti
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e b
by
y o
or
ra
al
l t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y o
or
r

37
WP No.11759/2020
i
in
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s a
a S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e i
in
n t
th
he
e
m
mi
in
nd
d o
of
f a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d,
, c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e f
fo
or
rc
ce
ed
d t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e,
,
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
rl
ly
y w
wh
he
en
n t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s n
no
o s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c l
la
aw
w t
to
o
t
th
ha
at
t e
ef
ff
fe
ec
ct
t,
, e
ev
ve
en
n i
if
f t
th
he
e L
La
aw
w i
is
s e
en
na
ac
ct
te
ed
d,
, h
ho
ow
w
f
fo
or
r i
it
t m
me
ee
et
ts
s t
th
he
e T
Te
es
st
t o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) a
an
nd
d 2
21
1
o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n?
?
4
4.
.2
20
0.
. T
Th
he
e A
Ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n f
fi
il
le
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d
r
re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e l
la
ac
ck
ks
s s
sa
an
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f L
La
aw
w,
, a
an
nd
d
t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t e
er
rr
re
ed
d i
in
n n
no
ot
t f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e L
La
aw
w a
an
nd
d
t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d o
or
rd
de
er
rs
s d
da
at
te
ed
d
1
14
4-
-9
9-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, 2
23
3-
-9
9-
-2
20
02
20
0 a
an
nd
d 1
15
5-
-1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0 a
ar
re
e
a
al
ll
l i
il
ll
le
eg
ga
al
l a
an
nd
d a
ab
bu
us
se
e o
of
f p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f L
La
aw
w.
.
4
4.
.2
21
1.
. T
Th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r,
, i
in
n h
hi
is
s A
Ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n d
da
at
te
ed
d
3
3-
-1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0 h
ha
as
s s
st
ta
at
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e h
ha
as
s f
fu
ul
ll
ly
y c
co
o-
-
o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
ed
d f
fo
or
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d h
he
e h
ha
as
s d
de
en
ni
ie
ed
d
t
th
he
e a
al
ll
le
eg
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f n
no
ot
t g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d t
to
o
u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
r d
de
en
ni
ie
ed
d

38
WP No.11759/2020
t
th
he
e a
al
ll
le
eg
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f n
no
on
n-
-c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n o
op
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g
E
E-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s.
.
4
4.
.2
22
2.
. T
Th
he
e p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
e o
of
f a
a r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o r
re
em
ma
ai
in
n s
si
il
le
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s w
we
el
ll
l
r
re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
is
se
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f U
U.
.S
S.
.A
A S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e
c
co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n M
Mi
ir
ra
an
nd
da
a V
V/
/s
s A
Ar
ri
iz
zo
on
na
a,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s
a
ap
pp
pl
li
ie
ed
d w
wo
or
rl
ld
dw
wi
id
de
e a
an
nd
d a
al
ls
so
o b
by
y t
th
he
e H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e
S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n O
Of
f N
Na
an
nd
di
in
ni
i
S
Sa
at
th
hp
pa
at
ty
y V
V/
/s
s P
P.
.L
L.
.D
Da
an
ni
is
s a
an
nd
d a
an
no
ot
th
he
er
r
r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n 1
19
97
78
8(
(2
2)
) S
SC
CC
C P
Pa
ag
ge
e 4
42
24
4.
.
4
4.
.2
23
3.
. M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e o
of
f P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r i
is
s s
se
ei
iz
ze
ed
d i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s c
ca
as
se
e.
. A
An
ny
y
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e c
ca
an
n b
be
e d
de
ec
cr
ry
yp
pt
te
ed
d b
by
y e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
ts
s.
. I
If
f
t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t d
de
ec
cr
ry
yp
pt
t t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e.
. T
Th
he
en
n
t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e i
in
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r
a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, i
if
f i
it
t i
is
s o
of
f
n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
te
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y,
, t
th
he
e
s
sa
am
me
e c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e u
us
se
ed
d w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t o
of
f

39
WP No.11759/2020
o
ow
wn
ne
er
r,
, a
an
nd
d i
if
f n
no
o c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t i
is
s g
gi
iv
ve
en
n,
, i
it
t c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t
b
be
e t
ta
ak
ke
en
n,
, w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y o
of
f L
La
aw
w.
.
4
4.
.2
24
4.
. S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 4
45
5-
-A
A o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t,
, o
on
nl
ly
y
d
de
es
sc
cr
ri
ib
be
es
s t
th
he
e r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nc
cy
y o
of
f t
th
he
e o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e
e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ne
er
r o
of
f E
El
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e a
as
s
c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
pl
la
at
te
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 7
79
9-
-A
A o
of
f t
th
he
e
I
In
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y A
Ac
ct
t 2
20
00
00
0.
.
4
4.
.2
25
5.
. B
Bu
ut
t t
th
he
es
se
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s d
do
o n
no
ot
t s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e f
fo
or
r t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g a
aw
wa
ay
y t
th
he
e f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l
r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s g
gu
ua
ar
ra
an
nt
te
ee
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0 (
(3
3)
) a
an
nd
d
2
21
1,
, p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
rl
ly
y t
th
he
e R
Ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y,
, i
is
s
p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
te
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n.
.
4
4.
.2
26
6.
. T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d o
or
rd
de
er
rs
s d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4-
-0
09
9-
-
2
20
02
20
0 a
an
nd
d 2
23
3-
-0
09
9-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, r
re
e-
-a
af
ff
fi
ir
rm
me
ed
d b
by
y o
or
rd
de
er
r
d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
15
5-
-1
10
0-
-2
20
02
20
0,
, p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e
S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, t
ta
ak
ke
e a
aw
wa
ay
y t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
l
R
Ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s o
of
f P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r;
; h
he
en
nc
ce
e t
th
ho
os
se
e o
or
rd
de
er
rs
s a
ar
re
e

40
WP No.11759/2020
l
li
ia
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o b
be
e q
qu
ua
as
sh
he
ed
d.
.
5
5.
. P
Pe
er
r C
Co
on
nt
tr
ra
a S
Sh
hr
ri
i V
Ve
ee
er
ra
an
na
aT
Ti
ig
ga
ad
di
i l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l
P
Pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c P
Pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
to
or
r s
su
ub
bm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d a
as
s u
un
nd
de
er
r:
:
5
5.
.1
1.
. M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
es
s,
, l
la
ap
pt
to
op
ps
s a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
r m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
ls
s
w
we
er
re
e s
se
ei
iz
ze
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r.
. A
Al
ll
l t
th
he
e
e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c g
ga
ad
dg
ge
et
ts
s o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r a
ar
re
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
te
ed
d.
.
5
5.
.2
2.
. O
On
n 1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0,
, t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r f
fi
il
le
ed
d
a
an
n a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t s
se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g
a
a d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e
w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d d
di
iv
vu
ul
lg
ge
e t
th
he
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d o
of
f P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r’
’s
s m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e.
. T
Th
he
e
T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t a
al
ll
lo
ow
we
ed
d t
th
he
e A
Ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n f
fi
il
le
ed
d b
by
y
t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r a
an
nd
d d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r h
he
er
re
ei
in
n t
to
o c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r t
to
o u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d.
.

41
WP No.11759/2020
5
5.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n c
ca
am
me
e t
to
o b
be
e f
fi
il
le
ed
d o
on
nl
ly
y b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e
t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r d
di
id
d n
no
ot
t d
di
iv
vu
ul
lg
ge
e t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
ds
s.
.
I
If
f t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r h
ha
ad
d d
di
iv
vu
ul
lg
ge
ed
d t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
,
t
th
he
er
re
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n n
no
o r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
t t
to
o f
fi
il
le
e
t
th
he
e A
Ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
5
5.
.4
4.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t
v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
e a
an
ny
y o
of
f h
hi
is
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s u
un
nd
de
er
r
5
5.
.4
4.
.1
1.
. A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
I
In
nd
di
ia
a a
an
nd
d S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
61
1(
(2
2)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e
o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, 1
19
97
73
3;
;
5
5.
.4
4.
.2
2.
. A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
.
5
5.
.5
5.
. A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s t
th
ha
at
t n
no
o p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
of
f a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e
s
sh
ha
al
ll
l b
be
e c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t
h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f.
. I
In
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o a
av
va
ai
il
l t
th
he
e b
be
en
ne
ef
fi
it
t o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r m
mu
us
st
t d
de
em
mo
on
ns
st
tr
ra
at
te
e

42
WP No.11759/2020
t
th
ha
at
t:
:
5
5.
.5
5.
.1
1.
. t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s i
in
n t
th
he
e
n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y;
; a
an
nd
d
5
5.
.5
5.
.2
2.
. t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d
l
le
ea
ad
d t
to
o s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
5
5.
.6
6.
. N
Ne
ei
it
th
he
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e c
co
on
nd
di
it
ti
io
on
ns
s b
be
ei
in
ng
g s
sa
at
ti
is
sf
fi
ie
ed
d t
th
he
e
o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
e t
th
he
e
r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f
t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
.
5
5.
.7
7.
. T
Th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s n
no
ot
t i
in
n t
th
he
e
n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y.
.
5
5.
.8
8.
. I
In
n K
Ka
at
th
hi
i K
Ka
al
lu
u O
Og
gh
ha
ad
d(
(p
pa
ar
ra
ag
gr
ra
ap
ph
h 1
10
0,
, 1
11
1,
, 1
12
2,
,
1
13
3 a
an
nd
d 1
16
6)
) a
a 1
11
1 j
ju
ud
dg
ge
e b
be
en
nc
ch
h o
of
f t
th
he
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a h
he
el
ld
d a
as
s u
un
nd
de
er
r:
:
1
10
0.
. “
“T
To
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
” m
ma
ay
y b
be
e e
eq
qu
ui
iv
va
al
le
en
nt
t t
to
o
“
“f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e”
” i
in
n t
th
he
e s
se
en
ns
se
e o
of
f m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g
o
or
ra
al
l o
or
r w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, b
bu
ut
t n
no
ot
t i
in
n t
th
he
e
l
la
ar
rg
ge
er
r s
se
en
ns
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n s
so
o a
as
s t
to
o i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e

43
WP No.11759/2020
g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
hu
um
mb
b i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
or
r i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f
p
pa
al
lm
m o
or
r f
fo
oo
ot
t o
or
r f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
rs
s o
or
r s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g o
or
r
e
ex
xp
po
os
si
in
ng
g a
a p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e b
bo
od
dy
y b
by
y a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n f
fo
or
r p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f i
id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
“
“F
Fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e”
” i
in
n t
th
he
e l
la
at
tt
te
er
r s
se
en
ns
se
e c
co
ou
ul
ld
d
n
no
ot
t h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
pl
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n m
ma
ak
ke
er
rs
s f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e s
si
im
mp
pl
le
e r
re
ea
as
so
on
n t
th
ha
at
t
—
— t
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
he
ey
y m
ma
ay
y h
ha
av
ve
e i
in
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
to
o p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
t
a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e h
ha
az
za
ar
rd
ds
s o
of
f s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n,
, i
in
n t
th
he
e l
li
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f t
th
he
e E
En
ng
gl
li
is
sh
h L
La
aw
w o
on
n
t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t —
— t
th
he
ey
y c
co
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t h
ha
av
ve
e i
in
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
to
o
p
pu
ut
t o
ob
bs
st
ta
ac
cl
le
es
s i
in
n t
th
he
e w
wa
ay
y o
of
f e
ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d
e
ef
ff
fe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
nt
to
o c
cr
ri
im
me
e a
an
nd
d o
of
f
b
br
ri
in
ng
gi
in
ng
g c
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
ls
s t
to
o j
ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e.
. T
Th
he
e t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g o
of
f
i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f p
pa
ar
rt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e b
bo
od
dy
y o
of
f a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n v
ve
er
ry
y o
of
ft
te
en
n b
be
ec
co
om
me
es
s n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y t
to
o h
he
el
lp
p
t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
a c
cr
ri
im
me
e.
. I
It
t i
is
s a
as
s m
mu
uc
ch
h
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y t
to
o p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
t a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t
b
be
ei
in
ng
g c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d t
to
o i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
te
e h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f,
, a
as
s t
to
o
a
ar
rm
m t
th
he
e a
ag
ge
en
nt
ts
s o
of
f L
La
aw
w a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e l
la
aw
w c
co
ou
ur
rt
ts
s w
wi
it
th
h
l
le
eg
gi
it
ti
im
ma
at
te
e p
po
ow
we
er
rs
s t
to
o b
br
ri
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fe
en
nd
de
er
rs
s t
to
o j
ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e.
.
F
Fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
rm
mo
or
re
e i
it
t m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e a
as
ss
su
um
me
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n-
-m
ma
ak
ke
er
rs
s w
we
er
re
e a
aw
wa
ar
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
ti
in
ng
g
L
La
aw
w,
, f
fo
or
r e
ex
xa
am
mp
pl
le
e,
, S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 7
73
3 o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e
A
Ac
ct
t o
or
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s 5
5 a
an
nd
d 6
6 o
of
f t
th
he
e I
Id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
P
Pr
ri
is
so
on
ne
er
rs
s A
Ac
ct
t (
(3
33
3 o
of
f 1
19
92
20
0)
).
. S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 5
5
a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
is
se
es
s a
a M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e t
to
o d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t a
an
ny
y p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n t
to
o
a
al
ll
lo
ow
w h
hi
is
s m
me
ea
as
su
ur
re
em
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r p
ph
ho
ot
to
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s t
to
o b
be
e
t
ta
ak
ke
en
n,
, i
if
f h
he
e i
is
s s
sa
at
ti
is
sf
fi
ie
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t i
is
s e
ex
xp
pe
ed
di
ie
en
nt
t f
fo
or
r
t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s o
of
f a
an
ny
y i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
or
r
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
di
in
ng
g u
un
nd
de
er
r t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l
P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e t
to
o d
do
o s
so
o:
: “
“M
Me
ea
as
su
ur
re
em
me
en
nt
ts
s”
” i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e
f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
r i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d f
fo
oo
ot
t-
-p
pr
ri
in
nt
t i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s.
.
I
If
f a
an
ny
y s
su
uc
ch
h p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wh
ho
o i
is
s d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d b
by
y a
a
M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e,
, u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 5
5 o
of
f t
th
he
e A
Ac
ct
t,
, t
to
o a
al
ll
lo
ow
w
h
hi
is
s m
me
ea
as
su
ur
re
em
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r p
ph
ho
ot
to
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s t
to
o b
be
e t
ta
ak
ke
en
n
r
re
es
si
is
st
ts
s o
or
r r
re
ef
fu
us
se
es
s t
to
o a
al
ll
lo
ow
w t
th
he
e t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
e
m
me
ea
as
su
ur
re
em
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r p
ph
ho
ot
to
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s,
, i
it
t h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n
d
de
ec
cl
la
ar
re
ed
d l
la
aw
wf
fu
ul
l b
by
y S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 6
6 t
to
o u
us
se
e a
al
ll
l
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y m
me
ea
an
ns
s t
to
o s
se
ec
cu
ur
re
e t
th
he
e t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
e
r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d m
me
ea
as
su
ur
re
em
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r p
ph
ho
ot
to
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s.
.
S
Si
im
mi
il
la
ar
rl
ly
y,
, S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 7
73
3 o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t
a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
is
se
es
s t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o p
pe
er
rm
mi
it
t t
th
he
e t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g o
of
f

44
WP No.11759/2020
f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
r i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
or
r a
a s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n h
ha
an
nd
dw
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g o
or
r
s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t i
in
n C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, i
if
f
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
ri
is
so
on
n.
.
1
11
1.
. T
Th
he
e m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r m
ma
ay
y b
be
e l
lo
oo
ok
ke
ed
d a
at
t f
fr
ro
om
m a
an
no
ot
th
he
er
r
p
po
oi
in
nt
t o
of
f v
vi
ie
ew
w.
. T
Th
he
e g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g o
of
f f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
r i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n
o
or
r o
of
f s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
or
r o
of
f h
ha
an
nd
dw
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g,
,
s
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
tl
ly
y s
sp
pe
ea
ak
ki
in
ng
g,
, i
is
s n
no
ot
t “
“t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
”.
. “
“T
To
o
b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
” m
me
ea
an
ns
s i
im
mp
pa
ar
rt
ti
in
ng
g k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e i
in
n
r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s,
, b
by
y m
me
ea
an
ns
s o
of
f o
or
ra
al
l
s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g,
, b
by
y a
a
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wh
ho
o h
ha
as
s p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s t
to
o b
be
e c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
te
ed
d t
to
o a
a c
co
ou
ur
rt
t o
or
r t
to
o a
a
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n h
ho
ol
ld
di
in
ng
g a
an
n e
en
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y o
or
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. A
A
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
is
s s
sa
ai
id
d “
“t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
” t
to
o a
a c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n
s
st
ta
at
te
e o
of
f f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
as
s t
to
o b
be
e d
de
et
te
er
rm
mi
in
ne
ed
d b
by
y a
a
c
co
ou
ur
rt
t o
or
r a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
is
se
ed
d t
to
o c
co
om
me
e t
to
o a
a
d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n,
, b
by
y t
te
es
st
ti
if
fy
yi
in
ng
g t
to
o w
wh
ha
at
t h
he
e h
ha
as
s s
se
ee
en
n,
, o
or
r
s
so
om
me
et
th
hi
in
ng
g h
he
e h
ha
as
s h
he
ea
ar
rd
d w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s c
ca
ap
pa
ab
bl
le
e o
of
f
b
be
ei
in
ng
g h
he
ea
ar
rd
d a
an
nd
d i
is
s n
no
ot
t h
hi
it
t b
by
y t
th
he
e r
ru
ul
le
e e
ex
xc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g
h
he
ea
ar
rs
sa
ay
y,
, o
or
r g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n,
, a
as
s a
an
n e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t,
, i
in
n
r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f m
ma
at
tt
te
er
rs
s i
in
n c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ov
ve
er
rs
sy
y.
. E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e
h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n c
cl
la
as
ss
si
if
fi
ie
ed
d b
by
y t
te
ex
xt
t w
wr
ri
it
te
er
rs
s i
in
nt
to
o t
th
hr
re
ee
e
c
ca
at
te
eg
go
or
ri
ie
es
s,
, n
na
am
me
el
ly
y,
, (
(1
1)
) o
or
ra
al
l t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y;
; (
(2
2)
)
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
he
ed
d b
by
y d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s;
; a
an
nd
d (
(3
3)
)
m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
l e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
. W
We
e h
ha
av
ve
e a
al
lr
re
ea
ad
dy
y i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
te
ed
d
t
th
ha
at
t w
we
e a
ar
re
e i
in
n a
ag
gr
re
ee
em
me
en
nt
t w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e F
Fu
ul
ll
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n i
in
n S
Sh
ha
ar
rm
ma
a c
ca
as
se
e [
[(
(1
19
95
54
4)
) S
SC
CR
R 1
10
07
77
7]
]
t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oh
hi
ib
bi
it
ti
io
on
n i
in
n c
cl
la
au
us
se
e (
(3
3)
) o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0
c
co
ov
ve
er
rs
s n
no
ot
t o
on
nl
ly
y o
or
ra
al
l t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y a
a
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
of
f a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e b
bu
ut
t a
al
ls
so
o h
hi
is
s
w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h m
ma
ay
y h
ha
av
ve
e a
a b
be
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g
o
on
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ov
ve
er
rs
sy
y w
wi
it
th
h r
re
ef
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e t
to
o t
th
he
e
c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t h
hi
im
m.
. T
Th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d m
ma
ay
y h
ha
av
ve
e
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ta
ar
ry
y e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e i
in
n h
hi
is
s p
po
os
ss
se
es
ss
si
io
on
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
m
ma
ay
y t
th
hr
ro
ow
w s
so
om
me
e l
li
ig
gh
ht
t o
on
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ov
ve
er
rs
sy
y.
. I
If
f i
it
t
i
is
s a
a d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s n
no
ot
t h
hi
is
s s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t
c
co
on
nv
ve
ey
yi
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e r
re
el
la
at
ti
in
ng
g t
to
o
t
th
he
e c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t h
hi
im
m,
, h
he
e m
ma
ay
y b
be
e c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d u
up
po
on
n
b
by
y t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e t
th
ha
at
t d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t i
in
n
a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
da
an
nc
ce
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
13
39
9
o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h,
, i
in
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s,
, p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s
t
th
ha
at
t a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n m
ma
ay
y b
be
e s
su
um
mm
mo
on
ne
ed
d t
to
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e a
a

45
WP No.11759/2020
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t i
in
n h
hi
is
s p
po
os
ss
se
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
or
r p
po
ow
we
er
r a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t
h
he
e d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t b
be
ec
co
om
me
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s b
by
y t
th
he
e m
me
er
re
e f
fa
ac
ct
t
t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e h
ha
as
s p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d i
it
t;
; a
an
nd
d t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, h
he
e
c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e c
cr
ro
os
ss
s-
-e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ne
ed
d.
. O
Of
f c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e,
, h
he
e c
ca
an
n
b
be
e c
cr
ro
os
ss
s-
-e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ne
ed
d i
if
f h
he
e i
is
s c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d a
as
s a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s
w
wh
ho
o h
ha
as
s m
ma
ad
de
e s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s c
co
on
nv
ve
ey
yi
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e b
by
y r
re
ef
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e t
to
o t
th
he
e
c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t o
or
r i
if
f h
he
e h
ha
as
s g
gi
iv
ve
en
n h
hi
is
s
s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
ot
th
he
er
rw
wi
is
se
e t
th
ha
an
n b
by
y
r
re
ef
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e t
to
o t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s.
. I
In
n
o
ou
ur
r o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e o
ob
bs
se
er
rv
va
at
ti
io
on
ns
s o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n S
Sh
ha
ar
rm
ma
a c
ca
as
se
e [
[(
(1
19
95
54
4)
) S
SC
CR
R 1
10
07
77
7]
] t
th
ha
at
t
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
13
39
9 o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t h
ha
as
s n
no
o b
be
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g
o
on
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nn
no
ot
ta
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e w
wo
or
rd
d “
“w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
” i
is
s n
no
ot
t
e
en
nt
ti
ir
re
el
ly
y w
we
el
ll
l-
-f
fo
ou
un
nd
de
ed
d i
in
n L
La
aw
w.
. I
It
t i
is
s w
we
el
ll
l
e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
he
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t c
cl
la
au
us
se
e (
(3
3)
) o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0 i
is
s
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n b
by
y a
an
n
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n.
. S
Se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n m
mu
us
st
t m
me
ea
an
n
c
co
on
nv
ve
ey
yi
in
ng
g i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n b
ba
as
se
ed
d u
up
po
on
n t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n
a
an
nd
d c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e m
me
er
re
el
ly
y t
th
he
e m
me
ec
ch
ha
an
ni
ic
ca
al
l
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ci
in
ng
g d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
m
ma
ay
y t
th
hr
ro
ow
w a
a l
li
ig
gh
ht
t o
on
n a
an
ny
y o
of
f t
th
he
e p
po
oi
in
nt
ts
s i
in
n
c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ov
ve
er
rs
sy
y,
, b
bu
ut
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h d
do
o n
no
ot
t c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
n a
an
ny
y
s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d b
ba
as
se
ed
d o
on
n h
hi
is
s
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e.
. F
Fo
or
r e
ex
xa
am
mp
pl
le
e,
, t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n m
ma
ay
y b
be
e i
in
n p
po
os
ss
se
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f a
a d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s i
in
n h
hi
is
s w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g o
or
r w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ns
s h
hi
is
s
s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
or
r h
hi
is
s t
th
hu
um
mb
b i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n.
. T
Th
he
e
p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h a
a d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t,
, w
wi
it
th
h a
a v
vi
ie
ew
w t
to
o
c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
ri
is
so
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g o
or
r t
th
he
e s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
or
r
t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n,
, i
is
s n
no
ot
t t
th
he
e s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f a
an
n
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
ca
an
n b
be
e s
sa
ai
id
d t
to
o b
be
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y.
. W
Wh
he
en
n a
an
n
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
is
s c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d u
up
po
on
n b
by
y t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
or
r
a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y h
ho
ol
ld
di
in
ng
g a
an
n i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n t
to
o
g
gi
iv
ve
e h
hi
is
s f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
r i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
or
r s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
or
r a
a
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n o
of
f h
hi
is
s h
ha
an
nd
dw
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g,
, h
he
e i
is
s n
no
ot
t g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g
a
an
ny
y t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y o
of
f t
th
he
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f a
a “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y”
”.
. T
Th
he
e g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g o
of
f a
a “
“p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l
t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y”
” m
mu
us
st
t d
de
ep
pe
en
nd
d u
up
po
on
n h
hi
is
s v
vo
ol
li
it
ti
io
on
n.
. H
He
e
c
ca
an
n m
ma
ak
ke
e a
an
ny
y k
ki
in
nd
d o
of
f s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t o
or
r m
ma
ay
y r
re
ef
fu
us
se
e
t
to
o m
ma
ak
ke
e a
an
ny
y s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t.
. B
Bu
ut
t h
hi
is
s f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
r

46
WP No.11759/2020
i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s o
or
r h
hi
is
s h
ha
an
nd
dw
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g,
, i
in
n s
sp
pi
it
te
e o
of
f
e
ef
ff
fo
or
rt
ts
s a
at
t c
co
on
nc
ce
ea
al
li
in
ng
g t
th
he
e t
tr
ru
ue
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f i
it
t b
by
y
d
di
is
ss
si
im
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t c
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r i
in
nt
tr
ri
in
ns
si
ic
c
c
ch
ha
ar
ra
ac
ct
te
er
r.
. T
Th
hu
us
s,
, t
th
he
e g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g o
of
f f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
r
i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s o
or
r o
of
f s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g o
or
r o
of
f
s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
es
s b
by
y a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n,
, t
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h i
it
t
m
ma
ay
y a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e i
in
n t
th
he
e
l
la
ar
rg
ge
er
r s
se
en
ns
se
e,
, i
is
s n
no
ot
t i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
ed
d w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e
e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n “
“t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
”.
.
1
12
2.
. I
In
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
th
ha
at
t a
a t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y b
by
y a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n m
ma
ay
y b
be
e s
sa
ai
id
d t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y,
, t
th
he
e c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n o
of
f w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
om
me
es
s
w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oh
hi
ib
bi
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
l
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n,
, i
it
t m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h a
a c
ch
ha
ar
ra
ac
ct
te
er
r t
th
ha
at
t
b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f i
it
t s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
th
he
e t
te
en
nd
de
en
nc
cy
y o
of
f
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d,
, i
if
f n
no
ot
t a
al
ls
so
o o
of
f
a
ac
ct
tu
ua
al
ll
ly
y d
do
oi
in
ng
g s
so
o.
. I
In
n o
ot
th
he
er
r w
wo
or
rd
ds
s,
, i
it
t s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e
a
a s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h m
ma
ak
ke
es
s t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
at
t l
le
ea
as
st
t p
pr
ro
ob
ba
ab
bl
le
e,
, c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d
b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f.
. A
A s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n h
ha
an
nd
dw
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g o
or
r s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
e
o
or
r f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
r i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s b
by
y t
th
he
em
ms
se
el
lv
ve
es
s a
ar
re
e n
no
o
t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y a
at
t a
al
ll
l,
, b
be
ei
in
ng
g w
wh
ho
ol
ll
ly
y i
in
nn
no
oc
cu
uo
ou
us
s
b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e u
un
nc
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
ea
ab
bl
le
e e
ex
xc
ce
ep
pt
t i
in
n r
ra
ar
re
e
c
ca
as
se
es
s w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e r
ri
id
dg
ge
es
s o
of
f t
th
he
e f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
rs
s o
or
r t
th
he
e
s
st
ty
yl
le
e o
of
f w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n t
ta
am
mp
pe
er
re
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h.
. T
Th
he
ey
y
a
ar
re
e o
on
nl
ly
y m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
ls
s f
fo
or
r c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
ri
is
so
on
n i
in
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o
l
le
en
nd
d a
as
ss
su
ur
ra
an
nc
ce
e t
to
o t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
th
ha
at
t i
it
ts
s i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e
b
ba
as
se
ed
d a
an
n o
ot
th
he
er
r p
pi
ie
ec
ce
es
s o
of
f e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e i
is
s r
re
el
li
ia
ab
bl
le
e.
.
T
Th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e n
ne
ei
it
th
he
er
r o
or
ra
al
l n
no
or
r d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ta
ar
ry
y
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e b
bu
ut
t b
be
el
lo
on
ng
g t
to
o t
th
he
e t
th
hi
ir
rd
d c
ca
at
te
eg
go
or
ry
y o
of
f
m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
l e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s o
ou
ut
ts
si
id
de
e t
th
he
e l
li
im
mi
it
t o
of
f
“
“t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y”
”.
.
1
13
3.
. S
Si
im
mi
il
la
ar
rl
ly
y,
, d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
a
c
cr
ri
im
me
e b
by
y t
th
he
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e,
, i
if
f a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
we
er
re
e
t
to
o p
po
oi
in
nt
t o
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e p
pl
la
ac
ce
e w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e c
co
or
rp
pu
us
s d
de
el
li
ic
ct
ti
i
w
wa
as
s l
ly
yi
in
ng
g c
co
on
nc
ce
ea
al
le
ed
d a
an
nd
d i
in
n p
pu
ur
rs
su
ua
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h
a
an
n i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n b
be
ei
in
ng
g g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n,
, d
di
is
sc
co
ov
ve
er
ry
y i
is
s m
ma
ad
de
e w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e m
me
ea
an
ni
in
ng
g
o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 2
27
7 o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t,
, s
su
uc
ch
h
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
co
ov
ve
er
ry
y m
ma
ad
de
e a
as
s a
a r
re
es
su
ul
lt
t
o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n m
ma
ay
y b
be
e p
pr
ro
ov
ve
ed
d i
in
n e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e

47
WP No.11759/2020
e
ev
ve
en
n t
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h i
it
t m
ma
ay
y t
te
en
nd
d t
to
o i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
te
e t
th
he
e
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n,
, w
wh
hi
il
le
e i
in
n p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e
c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y.
. U
Un
nl
le
es
ss
s i
it
t i
is
s h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 2
27
7 o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t,
, i
in
ns
so
of
fa
ar
r a
as
s t
th
he
ey
y
m
ma
ak
ke
e i
it
t a
ad
dm
mi
is
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
as
s t
th
he
e
t
te
en
nd
de
en
nc
cy
y t
to
o i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
te
e t
th
he
e g
gi
iv
ve
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n,
, a
ar
re
e u
un
nc
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
l a
as
s c
co
om
mi
in
ng
g
w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oh
hi
ib
bi
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f c
cl
la
au
us
se
e (
(3
3)
) o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e
2
20
0,
, s
su
uc
ch
h i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o
f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
. T
Th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n S
Sh
ha
ar
rm
ma
a c
ca
as
se
e
w
wa
as
s n
no
ot
t c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ne
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h p
pr
ro
on
no
ou
un
nc
ci
in
ng
g u
up
po
on
n t
th
he
e
c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
li
it
ty
y o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 2
27
7
o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t.
. I
It
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t,
, t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, b
be
e
s
sa
ai
id
d t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e l
la
ai
id
d i
it
t d
do
ow
wn
n t
th
ha
at
t s
su
uc
ch
h e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t b
be
e a
ad
dd
du
uc
ce
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n a
at
t t
th
he
e
t
tr
ri
ia
al
l o
of
f t
th
he
e g
gi
iv
ve
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n f
fo
or
r a
an
n
a
al
ll
le
eg
ge
ed
d c
cr
ri
im
me
e.
. T
Th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
2
27
7 o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t w
wa
as
s u
un
nc
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
l
b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e i
it
t o
of
ff
fe
en
nd
de
ed
d A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 1
14
4 o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d b
by
y t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n
t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f U
Ut
tt
ta
ar
r P
Pr
ra
ad
de
es
sh
h v
v.
. D
De
eo
om
me
en
n
U
Up
pa
ad
dh
hy
ya
ay
ya
a.
. I
It
t w
wa
as
s h
he
el
ld
d b
by
y t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
th
ha
at
t
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 2
27
7 o
of
f t
th
he
e E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t d
di
id
d n
no
ot
t o
of
ff
fe
en
nd
d
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 1
14
4 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d w
wa
as
s,
,
t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, i
in
nt
tr
ra
a v
vi
ir
re
es
s.
. B
Bu
ut
t t
th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r
i
it
t w
wa
as
s u
un
nc
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
l b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e i
it
t c
co
on
nt
tr
ra
av
ve
en
ne
ed
d
t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f c
cl
la
au
us
se
e (
(3
3)
) o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0 w
wa
as
s
n
no
ot
t c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d i
in
n t
th
ha
at
t c
ca
as
se
e.
. T
Th
ha
at
t q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n
m
ma
ay
y,
, t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, b
be
e t
tr
re
ea
at
te
ed
d a
as
s a
an
n o
op
pe
en
n o
on
ne
e.
.
T
Th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n r
ra
ai
is
se
ed
d i
in
n o
on
ne
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
c
ca
as
se
es
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e u
us
s a
an
nd
d h
ha
as
s,
, t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, t
to
o b
be
e
d
de
ec
ci
id
de
ed
d.
. T
Th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n t
to
o a
a p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r l
le
ea
ad
di
in
ng
g t
to
o t
th
he
e
d
di
is
sc
co
ov
ve
er
ry
y o
of
f a
a f
fa
ac
ct
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h m
ma
ay
y o
or
r m
ma
ay
y n
no
ot
t
p
pr
ro
ov
ve
e i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n m
ma
ad
de
e a
ad
dm
mi
is
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e
i
in
n e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e b
by
y t
th
ha
at
t s
se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n.
. I
If
f i
it
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t a
ar
ri
is
se
e.
. I
It
t c
ca
an
n
a
ar
ri
is
se
e o
on
nl
ly
y w
wh
he
en
n i
it
t i
is
s o
of
f a
an
n i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y
c
ch
ha
ar
ra
ac
ct
te
er
r s
so
o f
fa
ar
r a
as
s t
th
he
e g
gi
iv
ve
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n
i
is
s c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ne
ed
d.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t a
an
ny
y t
th
hr
re
ea
at
t,
, t
th
ha
at
t w
wi
il
ll
l b
be
e

48
WP No.11759/2020
a
ad
dm
mi
is
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e i
in
n e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t w
wi
il
ll
l n
no
ot
t b
be
e h
hi
it
t
b
by
y t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f c
cl
la
au
us
se
e (
(3
3)
) o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0 o
of
f
t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e r
re
ea
as
so
on
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
er
re
e h
ha
as
s
b
be
ee
en
n n
no
o c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n.
. I
It
t m
mu
us
st
t,
, t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, b
be
e
h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 2
27
7 o
of
f t
th
he
e
E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t a
ar
re
e n
no
ot
t w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oh
hi
ib
bi
it
ti
io
on
n
a
af
fo
or
re
es
sa
ai
id
d,
, u
un
nl
le
es
ss
s c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n h
ha
ad
d b
be
ee
en
n u
us
se
ed
d i
in
n
o
ob
bt
ta
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
1
16
6.
. I
In
n v
vi
ie
ew
w o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, w
we
e h
ha
av
ve
e
c
co
om
me
e t
to
o t
th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g c
co
on
nc
cl
lu
us
si
io
on
ns
s:
:
(
(1
1)
) A
An
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e s
sa
ai
id
d t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e
b
be
ee
en
n c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f
s
si
im
mp
pl
ly
y b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e h
he
e m
ma
ad
de
e a
a s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t w
wh
hi
il
le
e i
in
n
p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y,
, w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t a
an
ny
yt
th
hi
in
ng
g m
mo
or
re
e.
. I
In
n
o
ot
th
he
er
r w
wo
or
rd
ds
s,
, t
th
he
e m
me
er
re
e f
fa
ac
ct
t o
of
f b
be
ei
in
ng
g i
in
n p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e
c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y a
at
t t
th
he
e t
ti
im
me
e w
wh
he
en
n t
th
he
e s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t i
in
n
q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s m
ma
ad
de
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t,
, b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f,
, a
as
s a
a
p
pr
ro
op
po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f L
La
aw
w,
, l
le
en
nd
d i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f t
to
o t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e
t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d w
wa
as
s c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d t
to
o m
ma
ak
ke
e t
th
he
e
s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t,
, t
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
ha
at
t f
fa
ac
ct
t,
, i
in
n c
co
on
nj
ju
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n
w
wi
it
th
h o
ot
th
he
er
r c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
se
ed
d i
in
n e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e
i
in
n a
a p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r c
ca
as
se
e,
, w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e a
a r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n a
an
n e
en
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r o
or
r n
no
ot
t t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n h
ha
ad
d b
be
ee
en
n c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d t
to
o m
ma
ak
ke
e
t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pu
ug
gn
ne
ed
d s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t.
.
(
(2
2)
) T
Th
he
e m
me
er
re
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ni
in
ng
g o
of
f a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
b
by
y a
a p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r,
, r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ti
in
ng
g i
in
n a
a v
vo
ol
lu
un
nt
ta
ar
ry
y
s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h m
ma
ay
y u
ul
lt
ti
im
ma
at
te
el
ly
y t
tu
ur
rn
n o
ou
ut
t t
to
o b
be
e
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y,
, i
is
s n
no
ot
t “
“c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n”
”.
.
(
(3
3)
) “
“T
To
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
” i
is
s n
no
ot
t e
eq
qu
ui
iv
va
al
le
en
nt
t t
to
o
“
“f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e”
” i
in
n i
it
ts
s w
wi
id
de
es
st
t s
si
ig
gn
ni
if
fi
ic
ca
an
nc
ce
e;
;
t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s t
to
o s
sa
ay
y,
, a
as
s i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g n
no
ot
t m
me
er
re
el
ly
y m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g
o
of
f o
or
ra
al
l o
or
r w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
ts
s b
bu
ut
t a
al
ls
so
o
p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
ls
s
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h m
ma
ay
y b
be
e r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t a
at
t a
a t
tr
ri
ia
al
l t
to
o d
de
et
te
er
rm
mi
in
ne
e
t
th
he
e g
gu
ui
il
lt
t o
or
r i
in
nn
no
oc
ce
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d.
.
(
(4
4)
) G
Gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g t
th
hu
um
mb
b i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s o
or
r i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s
o
of
f f
fo
oo
ot
t o
or
r p
pa
al
lm
m o
or
r f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
rs
s o
or
r s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
gs
s

49
WP No.11759/2020
o
or
r s
sh
ho
ow
wi
in
ng
g p
pa
ar
rt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e b
bo
od
dy
y b
by
y w
wa
ay
y o
of
f
i
id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n a
ar
re
e n
no
ot
t i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n
“
“t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
”.
.
(
(5
5)
) “
“T
To
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
” m
me
ea
an
ns
s i
im
mp
pa
ar
rt
ti
in
ng
g
k
kn
no
ow
wl
le
ed
dg
ge
e i
in
n r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t f
fa
ac
ct
ts
s b
by
y a
an
n
o
or
ra
al
l s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t o
or
r a
a s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t i
in
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g,
, m
ma
ad
de
e
o
or
r g
gi
iv
ve
en
n i
in
n C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
or
r o
ot
th
he
er
rw
wi
is
se
e.
.
(
(6
6)
) “
“T
To
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s”
” i
in
n i
it
ts
s o
or
rd
di
in
na
ar
ry
y
g
gr
ra
am
mm
ma
at
ti
ic
ca
al
l s
se
en
ns
se
e m
me
ea
an
ns
s g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g o
or
ra
al
l
t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y i
in
n C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
. C
Ca
as
se
e l
la
aw
w h
ha
as
s g
go
on
ne
e b
be
ey
yo
on
nd
d
t
th
hi
is
s s
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
t l
li
it
te
er
ra
al
l i
in
nt
te
er
rp
pr
re
et
ta
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e
e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h m
ma
ay
y n
no
ow
w b
be
ea
ar
r a
a w
wi
id
de
er
r
m
me
ea
an
ni
in
ng
g,
, n
na
am
me
el
ly
y,
, b
be
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y i
in
n C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
o
or
r o
ou
ut
t o
of
f C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t b
by
y a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
of
f a
an
n
o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e,
, o
or
ra
al
ll
ly
y o
or
r i
in
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g.
.
(
(7
7)
) T
To
o b
br
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t i
in
n q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n
t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oh
hi
ib
bi
it
ti
io
on
n o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
),
, t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d m
mu
us
st
t h
ha
av
ve
e s
st
to
oo
od
d i
in
n t
th
he
e c
ch
ha
ar
ra
ac
ct
te
er
r o
of
f a
an
n
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
at
t t
th
he
e t
ti
im
me
e h
he
e m
ma
ad
de
e t
th
he
e
s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t.
. I
It
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t e
en
no
ou
ug
gh
h t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d
b
be
ec
co
om
me
e a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d,
, a
an
ny
y t
ti
im
me
e a
af
ft
te
er
r t
th
he
e
s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n m
ma
ad
de
e.
.
5
5.
.9
9.
. T
Th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r i
in
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d
1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
te
e t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d.
. T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d c
ca
an
n b
be
e v
vi
ie
ew
we
ed
d a
as
s a
an
ny
yt
th
hi
in
ng
g b
bu
ut
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e m
me
ea
an
ni
in
ng
g o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e
2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
.

50
WP No.11759/2020
5
5.
.1
10
0.
. T
Th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
t o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
61
1(
(2
2)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f
C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, 1
19
97
73
3 i
is
s s
si
im
mi
il
la
ar
r t
to
o A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e
2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
. I
In
n f
fa
ac
ct
t,
,
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
61
1(
(2
2)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l
P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, 1
19
97
73
3 m
me
er
re
el
ly
y e
ex
xt
te
en
nd
ds
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t
“
“s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n”
” t
to
o s
su
us
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s a
an
nd
d w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
se
es
s
i
in
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
n t
to
o ‘
‘p
pe
er
rs
so
on
ns
s f
fo
or
rm
ma
al
ll
ly
y a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
of
f
c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e’
’.
.
R
RI
IG
GH
HT
T T
TO
O P
PR
RI
IV
VA
AC
CY
Y:
:
5
5.
.1
11
1.
. I
In
n J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e K
K.
. P
Pu
ut
tt
ta
as
sw
wa
am
my
y’
’ c
ca
as
se
e (
(s
su
up
pr
ra
a)
),
,
t
th
he
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t ‘
‘r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o
p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y’
’ i
is
s ‘
‘a
an
n i
in
nt
tr
ri
in
ns
si
ic
c e
el
le
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o
l
li
if
fe
e a
an
nd
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1’
’
e
em
mb
be
ed
dd
de
ed
d i
in
n P
Pa
ar
rt
t I
II
II
I o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
he
e 9
9 j
ju
ud
dg
ge
e b
be
en
nc
ch
h h
ha
as
s
u
un
na
an
ni
im
mo
ou
us
sl
ly
y h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y i
is
s
n
no
ot
t a
ab
bs
so
ol
lu
ut
te
e a
an
nd
d c
ca
an
n b
be
e c
cu
ur
rt
ta
ai
il
le
ed
d i
if
f t
th
he
e

51
WP No.11759/2020
f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
ts
s a
ar
re
e f
fu
ul
lf
fi
il
ll
le
ed
d:
:
5
5.
.1
11
1.
.1
1.
. l
le
eg
ga
al
li
it
ty
y,
, i
i.
.e
e.
. e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a l
la
aw
w;
;
5
5.
.1
11
1.
.2
2.
. l
le
eg
gi
it
ti
im
ma
at
te
e s
st
ta
at
te
e i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t/
/ c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
li
in
ng
g
s
st
ta
at
te
e i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t;
;
5
5.
.1
11
1.
.3
3.
. t
th
he
e a
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e p
pr
ro
op
po
or
rt
ti
io
on
na
at
te
e,
, i
i.
.e
e.
.
t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a r
ra
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l n
ne
ex
xu
us
s b
be
et
tw
we
ee
en
n t
th
he
e
o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
t a
an
nd
d m
me
ea
an
ns
s a
ad
do
op
pt
te
ed
d t
to
o a
ac
ch
hi
ie
ev
ve
e
t
th
he
em
m.
.
5
5.
.1
12
2.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 c
cu
um
mu
ul
la
at
ti
iv
ve
el
ly
y
s
sa
at
ti
is
sf
fi
ie
es
s a
al
ll
l t
th
he
e a
af
fo
or
re
es
sa
ai
id
d r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
ts
s a
an
nd
d
t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t a
ab
br
ri
id
dg
ge
e t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
.
D
DI
IS
SC
CL
LO
OS
SU
UR
RE
E O
OF
F P
PA
AS
SS
SW
WO
OR
RD
D:
:
5
5.
.1
13
3.
. T
Th
he
er
re
e a
ar
re
e s
se
ev
ve
er
ra
al
l p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s i
in
n t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f
C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, 1
19
97
73
3 a
as
s w
we
el
ll
l a
as
s t
th
he
e
I
In
nd
di
ia
an
n E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t,
, 1
18
87
72
2 t
th
ha
at
t e
em
mp
po
ow
we
er
re
ed
d
t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o

52
WP No.11759/2020
d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
se
e t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d.
.
5
5.
.1
14
4.
. S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
13
39
9 o
of
f t
th
he
e I
In
nd
di
ia
an
n E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s t
th
ha
at
t a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n m
ma
ay
y b
be
e s
su
um
mm
mo
on
ne
ed
d t
to
o
p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e a
a “
“d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t”
”.
. T
Th
he
e t
te
er
rm
m “
“e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e”
”
h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n d
de
ef
fi
in
ne
ed
d i
in
n S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 3
3 o
of
f t
th
he
e I
In
nd
di
ia
an
n
E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t i
in
nt
te
er
r a
al
li
ia
a t
to
o m
me
ea
an
n “
“a
al
ll
l
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c r
re
ec
co
or
rd
ds
s”
”.
.
T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e t
te
er
rm
m “
“d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t”
” u
us
se
ed
d i
in
n
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
13
39
9 o
of
f t
th
he
e I
In
nd
di
ia
an
n E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t
i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
es
s a
an
ny
y e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c r
re
ec
co
or
rd
d i
in
n p
po
os
ss
se
es
ss
si
io
on
n
o
of
f t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r.
. T
Th
hu
us
s,
, S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
13
39
9 o
of
f t
th
he
e
I
In
nd
di
ia
an
n E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e A
Ac
ct
t a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
is
se
es
s t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e
o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d b
by
y t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r a
an
nd
d h
he
en
nc
ce
e
t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t a
ab
br
ri
id
dg
ge
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r’
’s
s r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1
o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
.
5
5.
.1
15
5.
. T
Th
ha
at
t a
ap
pa
ar
rt
t,
, S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 5
54
4-
-A
A o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f

53
WP No.11759/2020
C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, 1
19
97
73
3 i
in
nt
te
er
r a
al
li
ia
a s
st
ti
ip
pu
ul
la
at
te
es
s
t
th
ha
at
t,
,
5
5.
.1
15
5.
.1
1.
. w
wh
he
er
re
e a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
is
s c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h
c
co
om
mm
mi
it
tt
ti
in
ng
g a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e;
; a
an
nd
d
5
5.
.1
15
5.
.2
2.
. h
hi
is
s i
id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e,
,
t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t m
ma
ay
y d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n s
so
o
a
ar
rr
re
es
st
te
ed
d t
to
o s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f t
to
o
i
id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n b
by
y a
an
ny
y p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
as
s t
th
he
e
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
de
ee
em
ms
s f
fi
it
t.
.
5
5.
.1
16
6.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t c
ca
as
se
e,
, t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s n
no
ot
th
hi
in
ng
g
b
bu
ut
t a
an
n ‘
‘i
id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n m
ma
ar
rk
k’
’ o
of
f t
th
he
e A
Ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d/
/
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r b
by
y t
th
he
e s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
er
rs
s h
ho
os
st
ti
in
ng
g h
hi
is
s
d
da
at
ta
a.
. T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s s
sa
an
nc
ct
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d b
by
y L
La
aw
w u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
5
54
4-
-A
A o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e.
.
5
5.
.1
17
7.
. T
Th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s i
in
n t
th
he
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f
g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
es
s o
or
r h
ha
an
nd
dw
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g.
.
T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d c
ca
an
n
a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e o
or
rd
de
er
re
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 3
31
11
1-
-A
A o
of
f t
th
he
e

54
WP No.11759/2020
C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, 1
19
97
73
3.
.
5
5.
.1
18
8.
. I
In
n R
Ri
it
te
es
sh
h S
Si
in
nh
ha
a v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f U
Ut
tt
ta
ar
r P
Pr
ra
ad
de
es
sh
h
(
(2
20
01
19
9)
) 8
8 S
SC
CC
C 1
1,
, t
th
he
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a
h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e c
co
ou
ul
ld
d o
or
rd
de
er
r t
th
he
e
c
co
ol
ll
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 3
31
11
1-
-
A
A o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, d
de
es
sp
pi
it
te
e
t
th
he
er
re
e b
be
ei
in
ng
g n
no
o e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
s p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n t
to
o t
th
ha
at
t
e
ef
ff
fe
ec
ct
t,
, h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
d t
to
o e
ex
xi
is
st
ti
in
ng
g r
re
ea
al
li
it
ti
ie
es
s a
an
nd
d
i
im
mm
mi
in
ne
en
nt
t n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
si
it
ty
y o
of
f p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, g
gi
iv
ve
en
n t
th
he
e f
fa
ac
ct
t t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e
o
of
f p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s a
ak
ki
in
n t
to
o g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n
s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
e,
, d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e c
ca
an
n b
be
e o
or
rd
de
er
re
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r
t
th
he
e a
af
fo
or
re
es
sa
ai
id
d p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n.
. H
He
en
nc
ce
e,
, t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r
d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e T
Tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
is
s
s
sa
an
nc
ct
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d b
by
y L
La
aw
w.
. I
In
n t
th
hi
is
s r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
d,
, h
he
e r
re
el
li
ie
ed
d
u
up
po
on
n p
pa
ar
ra
ag
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s 5
5,
, 2
20
0 a
an
nd
d 2
23
3 t
th
he
er
re
eo
of
f,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
a
ar
re
e h
he
er
re
eu
un
nd
de
er
r r
re
ep
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d f
fo
or
r e
ea
as
sy
y r
re
ef
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e:
:

55
WP No.11759/2020
5
5.
. T
Tw
wo
o p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pa
al
l q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s a
ar
ro
os
se
e f
fo
or
r
d
de
et
te
er
rm
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
ea
al
l w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n
s
se
et
t o
ou
ut
t i
in
n t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f R
Ra
an
nj
ja
an
na
a P
Pr
ra
ak
ka
as
sh
h D
De
es
sa
ai
i,
, J
J.
.
d
da
at
te
ed
d 7
7-
-1
12
2-
-2
20
01
12
2 [
[R
Ri
it
te
es
sh
h S
Si
in
nh
ha
a v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f U
U.
.P
P.
.,
,
(
(2
20
01
13
3)
) 2
2 S
SC
CC
C 3
35
57
7 :
: (
(2
20
01
13
3)
) 2
2 S
SC
CC
C (
(C
Cr
ri
i)
) 7
74
48
8]
] i
in
n
t
th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g t
te
er
rm
ms
s:
: (
(R
Ri
it
te
es
sh
h S
Si
in
nh
ha
a c
ca
as
se
e [
[R
Ri
it
te
es
sh
h
S
Si
in
nh
ha
a v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f U
U.
.P
P.
.,
, (
(2
20
01
13
3)
) 2
2 S
SC
CC
C 3
35
57
7 :
:
(
(2
20
01
13
3)
) 2
2 S
SC
CC
C (
(C
Cr
ri
i)
) 7
74
48
8]
] ,
, S
SC
CC
C p
p.
. 3
36
64
4,
, p
pa
ar
ra
a 3
3)
)
“
“3
3.
.1
1.
. W
Wh
he
et
th
he
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ts
s a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
of
f a
an
n
o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e f
fr
ro
om
m b
be
ei
in
ng
g c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s
a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f,
, e
ex
xt
te
en
nd
ds
s t
to
o p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g s
su
uc
ch
h a
an
n
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m b
be
ei
in
ng
g c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
le
ed
d t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e h
hi
is
s v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
nt
to
o
a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e?
?
3
3.
.2
2.
. A
As
ss
su
um
mi
in
ng
g t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s n
no
o v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a,
,
w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e a
ab
bs
se
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
an
ny
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e
C
Co
od
de
e,
, c
ca
an
n a
a M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
is
se
e t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y t
to
o r
re
ec
co
or
rd
d t
th
he
e v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e
o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
of
f a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e?
?”
”
2
20
0.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t c
ca
as
se
e,
, t
th
he
e v
vi
ie
ew
w t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e L
La
aw
w
o
on
n t
th
he
e p
po
oi
in
nt
t s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d e
em
ma
an
na
at
te
e f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e
l
le
eg
gi
is
sl
la
at
tu
ur
re
e a
an
nd
d n
no
ot
t f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, a
as
s e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
se
ed
d
i
in
n t
th
he
e J
Ju
ud
dg
gm
me
en
nt
t [
[R
Ri
it
te
es
sh
h S
Si
in
nh
ha
a v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f U
U.
.P
P.
.,
,
(
(2
20
01
13
3)
) 2
2 S
SC
CC
C 3
35
57
7 :
: (
(2
20
01
13
3)
) 2
2 S
SC
CC
C (
(C
Cr
ri
i)
) 7
74
48
8]
] o
of
f
t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t f
fr
ro
om
m w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e r
re
ef
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e h
ha
as
s
e
em
ma
an
na
at
te
ed
d i
is
s f
fo
ou
un
nd
de
ed
d o
on
n t
tw
wo
o m
ma
ai
in
n r
re
ea
as
so
on
ns
s v
vi
iz
z.
.:
:
2
20
0.
.1
1.
. T
Th
he
e c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e d
do
oe
es
s
i
in
n s
so
om
me
e w
wa
ay
y i
in
nv
vo
ol
lv
ve
e a
an
n i
in
nv
va
as
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s o
of
f
t
th
he
e i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l a
an
nd
d t
to
o b
br
ri
in
ng
g i
it
t w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e a
am
mb
bi
it
t o
of
f
t
th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
ti
in
ng
g L
La
aw
w w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
e m
mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n
r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
e b
be
en
nd
di
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d s
st
tr
re
et
tc
ch
hi
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
e
p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
es
s o
of
f i
in
nt
te
er
rp
pr
re
et
ta
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
2
20
0.
.2
2.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e l
le
eg
gi
is
sl
la
at
tu
ur
re
e,
, e
ev
ve
en
n w
wh
hi
il
le
e m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g
a
am
me
en
nd
dm
me
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n t
th
he
e C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e C
Co
od
de
e
(
(A
Ac
ct
t 2
25
5 o
of
f 2
20
00
05
5)
),
, i
is
s o
ob
bl
li
iv
vi
io
ou
us
s a
an
nd
d d
de
es
sp
pi
it
te
e
e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
s r
re
em
mi
in
nd
de
er
rs
s c
ch
ho
oo
os
se
es
s n
no
ot
t t
to
o i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e

56
WP No.11759/2020
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e e
ei
it
th
he
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e n
ne
ew
wl
ly
y i
in
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d
E
Ex
xp
pl
la
an
na
at
ti
io
on
n t
to
o S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 5
53
3 o
or
r i
in
n S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s 5
53
3-
-A
A
a
an
nd
d 3
31
11
1-
-A
A C
Cr
rP
PC
C,
, t
th
he
en
n i
it
t m
ma
ay
y e
ev
ve
en
n b
be
e c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d
t
th
ha
at
t i
in
n t
th
he
e l
la
ar
rg
ge
er
r s
sc
ch
he
em
me
e o
of
f t
th
hi
in
ng
gs
s t
th
he
e
l
le
eg
gi
is
sl
la
at
tu
ur
re
e i
is
s a
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o s
se
ee
e s
so
om
me
et
th
hi
in
ng
g w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
p
pe
er
rh
ha
ap
ps
s t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
is
s m
mi
is
ss
si
in
ng
g.
.
2
23
3.
. T
Th
he
e e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
e o
of
f j
ju
ur
ri
is
sd
di
ic
ct
ti
io
on
n b
by
y c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
na
al
l
c
co
ou
ur
rt
ts
s m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e g
gu
ui
id
de
ed
d b
by
y c
co
on
nt
te
em
mp
po
or
ra
an
ne
eo
ou
us
s
r
re
ea
al
li
it
ti
ie
es
s/
/e
ex
xi
is
st
ti
in
ng
g r
re
ea
al
li
it
ti
ie
es
s o
on
n t
th
he
e g
gr
ro
ou
un
nd
d.
. J
Ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
al
l
p
po
ow
we
er
r s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t b
be
e a
al
ll
lo
ow
we
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e e
en
nt
tr
ra
ap
pp
pe
ed
d
w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n i
in
nf
fl
le
ex
xi
ib
bl
le
e p
pa
ar
ra
am
me
et
te
er
rs
s o
or
r g
gu
ui
id
de
ed
d b
by
y r
ri
ig
gi
id
d
p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
es
s.
. T
Tr
ru
ue
e,
, t
th
he
e j
ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
al
l f
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n i
is
s n
no
ot
t t
to
o
l
le
eg
gi
is
sl
la
at
te
e b
bu
ut
t i
in
n a
a s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e c
ca
al
ll
l o
of
f
j
ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t t
to
oo
o o
of
f a
a l
la
ar
rg
ge
e n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r w
wh
ho
o a
ar
re
e
n
no
ot
t p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ie
es
s t
to
o t
th
he
e l
li
is
s b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, d
de
em
ma
an
nd
ds
s
e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
n o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n o
on
n a
a s
si
il
le
en
nt
t a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f
t
th
he
e s
st
ta
at
tu
ut
te
e,
, s
su
uc
ch
h v
vo
oi
id
d m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e f
fi
il
ll
le
ed
d u
up
p n
no
ot
t o
on
nl
ly
y
o
on
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
e o
of
f e
ej
ju
us
sd
de
em
m g
ge
en
ne
er
ri
is
s b
bu
ut
t o
on
n t
th
he
e
p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
e o
of
f i
im
mm
mi
in
ne
en
nt
t n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
si
it
ty
y w
wi
it
th
h a
a c
ca
al
ll
l t
to
o t
th
he
e
l
le
eg
gi
is
sl
la
at
tu
ur
re
e t
to
o a
ac
ct
t p
pr
ro
om
mp
pt
tl
ly
y i
in
n t
th
he
e m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r.
.
5
5.
.1
19
9.
. H
He
e r
re
el
li
ie
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e A
Ap
pe
ex
x c
co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n
S
Su
ud
dh
hi
ir
r C
Ch
ha
au
ud
dh
ha
ar
ry
y v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e (
(N
NC
CT
T o
of
f
D
De
el
lh
hi
i)
),
, (
(2
20
01
16
6)
) 8
8 S
SC
CC
C 3
30
07
7,
, m
mo
or
re
e
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
rl
ly
y p
pa
ar
ra
a 7
7,
, 8
8,
, 9
9,
, 1
10
0,
, 1
11
1,
, 1
13
3 t
th
he
er
re
eo
of
f
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ar
re
e h
he
er
re
eu
un
nd
de
er
r r
re
ep
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d f
fo
or
r e
ea
as
sy
y
r
re
ef
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e:
:
7
7.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e A
AC
CM
MM
M w
wa
as
s q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e
t
th
he
e D
De
el
lh
hi
i H
Hi
ig
gh
h C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
. B
By
y a
a j
ju
ud
dg
gm
me
en
nt
t a
an
nd
d o
or
rd
de
er
r
d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
11
1-
-2
2-
-2
20
01
15
5 [
[S
Su
ud
dh
hi
ir
r C
Ch
ha
au
ud
dh
hr
ry
y v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e,
,
2
20
01
15
5 S
SC
CC
C O
On
nL
Li
in
ne
e D
De
el
l 7
74
45
57
7]
] ,
, a
a l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d S
Si
in
ng
gl
le
e

57
WP No.11759/2020
J
Ju
ud
dg
ge
e h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f a
a v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e i
is
s
t
to
o f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ta
at
te
e t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
ri
in
ng
g i
it
t w
wi
it
th
h a
a
r
re
ec
co
or
rd
de
ed
d c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
he
e v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e i
is
s n
no
ot
t a
a
t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y i
in
n i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f s
si
in
nc
ce
e i
it
t o
on
nl
ly
y c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
te
es
s w
wh
ha
at
t
w
wa
as
s d
de
es
sc
cr
ri
ib
be
ed
d a
as
s “
“i
id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n d
da
at
ta
a”
”.
. A
A v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e,
, i
in
n t
th
he
e v
vi
ie
ew
w o
of
f t
th
he
e H
Hi
ig
gh
h C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t a
a
s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
iv
ve
e p
pi
ie
ec
ce
e o
of
f e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
. T
Th
he
e H
Hi
ig
gh
h C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
r
re
ej
je
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o
f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h a
a v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e w
wa
as
s i
in
n v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e
f
fu
un
nd
da
am
me
en
nt
ta
al
l r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n s
si
in
nc
ce
e f
fi
ir
rs
st
tl
ly
y,
, t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s h
ha
ad
d n
no
ot
t
b
be
ee
en
n f
fo
or
rc
ce
ed
d o
or
r c
co
oe
er
rc
ce
ed
d i
in
nt
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g s
su
uc
ch
h a
a
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e s
si
in
nc
ce
e i
it
t w
wa
as
s t
th
he
ey
y w
wh
ho
o h
ha
ad
d f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
he
ed
d t
th
he
ei
ir
r
c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t;
; s
se
ec
co
on
nd
dl
ly
y,
, a
a v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e i
is
s n
no
ot
t
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e s
si
in
nc
ce
e i
it
ts
s p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e i
is
s o
on
nl
ly
y t
to
o c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
re
e i
it
t
w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d t
te
ex
xt
t.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e v
vi
ie
ew
w o
of
f t
th
he
e H
Hi
ig
gh
h
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, o
on
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s h
ha
ad
d f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
he
ed
d t
th
he
ei
ir
r
c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g t
th
he
ei
ir
r v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s,
, i
it
t w
wa
as
s
n
no
ot
t o
op
pe
en
n t
to
o t
th
he
em
m t
to
o d
di
ic
ct
ta
at
te
e t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
hi
is
s o
or
rd
de
er
r i
is
s c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d i
in
nt
to
o q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n.
.
8
8.
. T
Th
he
e l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d S
Se
en
ni
io
or
r C
Co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l a
ap
pp
pe
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g o
on
n
b
be
eh
ha
al
lf
f o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s s
su
ub
bm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t w
wh
hi
il
le
e i
it
t i
is
s
t
tr
ru
ue
e t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s h
ha
av
ve
e c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
te
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e
d
dr
ra
aw
wi
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
ei
ir
r v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s (
(a
a c
co
on
nc
ce
es
ss
si
io
on
n
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h w
wa
as
s r
re
ei
it
te
er
ra
at
te
ed
d b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e
c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s)
) y
ye
et
t t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f
d
dr
ra
aw
wi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e f
fa
ai
ir
r,
, s
so
o a
as
s t
to
o b
be
e
c
co
on
ns
si
is
st
te
en
nt
t w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s u
un
nd
de
er
r
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
he
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f
a
a f
fa
ai
ir
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, i
it
t w
wa
as
s u
ur
rg
ge
ed
d,
, i
is
s i
im
mp
pl
li
ic
ci
it
t i
in
n
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1 a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s a
ad
do
op
pt
te
ed
d f
fo
or
r
d
dr
ra
aw
wi
in
ng
g a
a v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e f
fa
ai
ir
r a
an
nd
d
r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
e.
.
9
9.
. T
Th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s e
ex
xp
pr
re
es
ss
sl
ly
y c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
te
ed
d t
to
o a
a v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e b
be
ei
in
ng
g d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n i
in
n t
th
he
ei
ir
r r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
se
e t
to
o t
th
he
e
A
Ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t w
wa
as
s f
fi
il
le
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f M
Me
et
tr
ro
op
po
ol
li
it
ta
an
n
M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e.
. T
Th
hi
is
s w
wa
as
s r
re
ei
it
te
er
ra
at
te
ed
d b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e H
Hi
ig
gh
h
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n
u
ur
rg
ge
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
es
se
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
di
in
ng
gs
s,
, t
th
he
e l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l
h
ha
as
s s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y s
st
ta
at
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d

58
WP No.11759/2020
a
ab
bi
id
de
e b
by
y t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
ey
y h
ha
ad
d f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
he
ed
d t
to
o
t
th
he
ei
ir
r v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s b
be
ei
in
ng
g d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n.
. T
Th
ha
at
t b
be
ei
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
p
po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e o
on
nl
ly
y s
su
ur
rv
vi
iv
vi
in
ng
g i
is
ss
su
ue
e f
fo
or
r t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
is
s
t
to
o e
en
ns
su
ur
re
e t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e u
un
nd
de
er
rl
ly
yi
in
ng
g p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s f
fo
or
r
d
dr
ra
aw
wi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s i
is
s f
fa
ai
ir
r a
an
nd
d r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
e,
,
h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g d
du
ue
e r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
d t
to
o t
th
he
e m
ma
an
nd
da
at
te
e o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
21
1.
.
O
On
n t
th
he
e o
on
ne
e h
ha
an
nd
d,
, i
it
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t o
op
pe
en
n t
to
o t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o
d
di
ic
ct
ta
at
te
e t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. H
He
en
nc
ce
e,
, w
we
e d
do
o
n
no
ot
t f
fi
in
nd
d s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nc
ce
e i
in
n t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
t
te
ex
xt
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s t
to
o b
be
e r
re
ea
ad
d b
by
y t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s i
in
n t
th
he
e
c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f d
dr
ra
aw
wi
in
ng
g t
th
he
ei
ir
r v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d
c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
n n
no
o p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nc
cu
ul
lp
pa
at
to
or
ry
y w
wo
or
rd
ds
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
a
ar
re
e a
a p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e d
di
is
sp
pu
ut
te
ed
d c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
n.
. A
A
c
co
om
mm
mo
on
na
al
li
it
ty
y o
of
f w
wo
or
rd
ds
s i
is
s n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y t
to
o f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ta
at
te
e a
a
s
sp
pe
ec
ct
tr
ro
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hi
ic
c e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
1
10
0.
. B
By
y o
ou
ur
r o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
17
7-
-1
11
1-
-2
20
01
15
5 [
[S
Su
ud
dh
hi
ir
r
C
Ch
ha
au
ud
dh
ha
ar
ry
y v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e (
(N
NC
CT
T o
of
f D
De
el
lh
hi
i)
),
, 2
20
01
15
5 S
SC
CC
C
O
On
nL
Li
in
ne
e S
SC
C 1
16
68
89
9,
, w
wh
he
er
re
ei
in
n i
it
t w
wa
as
s d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d:
:“
“H
He
ea
ar
rd
d.
.
M
Mr
r S
S.
. G
Gu
ur
ru
u K
Kr
ri
is
sh
hn
na
a K
Ku
um
ma
ar
r,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d S
Se
en
ni
io
or
r
C
Co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l a
ap
pp
pe
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e r
re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t S
St
ta
at
te
e,
,
s
se
ee
ek
ks
s a
a s
sh
ho
or
rt
t a
ad
dj
jo
ou
ur
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t t
to
o t
ta
ak
ke
e i
in
ns
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s
f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
ts
s c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ne
ed
d w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r o
or
r n
no
ot
t a
a
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e o
of
f w
wo
or
rd
ds
s,
, i
in
n s
su
uc
ch
h n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r a
as
s t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
ts
s
m
ma
ay
y s
su
ug
gg
ge
es
st
t,
, w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d s
su
uf
ff
fi
ic
ce
e f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
ts
s t
to
o
g
gi
iv
ve
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n b
by
y s
sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
c v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
li
in
ng
g
m
me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s.
. H
He
e m
ma
ay
y d
do
o s
so
o b
by
y T
Tu
ue
es
sd
da
ay
y,
, 1
1-
-1
12
2-
-2
20
01
15
5.
.
P
Po
os
st
t o
on
n T
Tu
ue
es
sd
da
ay
y,
, 1
15
5-
-1
12
2-
-2
20
01
15
5.
.”
”]
] ,
, t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
a
al
ll
lo
ow
we
ed
d a
an
n a
ad
dj
jo
ou
ur
rn
nm
me
en
nt
t t
to
o t
th
he
e R
Re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t t
to
o
s
se
ee
ek
k i
in
ns
st
tr
ru
uc
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ne
ed
d
w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r o
or
r n
no
ot
t a
a s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e o
of
f w
wo
or
rd
ds
s i
in
n s
su
uc
ch
h
n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r a
as
s t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t m
ma
ay
y s
su
ug
gg
ge
es
st
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d s
su
uf
ff
fi
ic
ce
e
f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
ts
s t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n b
by
y s
sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
c
v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
li
in
ng
g m
me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s.
. A
Ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
gl
ly
y,
, a
a b
br
ri
ie
ef
f
n
no
ot
te
e h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n f
fi
il
le
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e r
re
ec
co
or
rd
d s
st
ta
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
ha
at
t:
:
“
“T
Th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Ce
en
nt
tr
ra
al
l F
Fo
or
re
en
ns
si
ic
c S
Sc
ci
ie
en
nc
ce
e
L
La
ab
bo
or
ra
at
to
or
ry
y (
(C
CF
FS
SL
L)
) h
ha
av
ve
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
me
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
tw
wo
o
s
se
ep
pa
ar
ra
at
te
e t
te
ex
xt
ts
s/
/s
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
ts
s h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n p
pr
re
ep
pa
ar
re
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e
l
la
ab
bo
or
ra
at
to
or
ry
y f
fr
ro
om
m e
ea
ac
ch
h s
sp
pe
ea
ak
ke
er
r/
/a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ar
re
e
d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
ed
d t
tr
ra
an
ns
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
ts
s.
.

59
WP No.11759/2020
T
Th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e t
te
ex
xt
t/
/s
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
t p
pr
re
ep
pa
ar
re
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e C
CF
FS
SL
L
e
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
ts
s c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e p
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
rs
s i
in
n
a
ad
dv
va
an
nc
ce
e a
as
s t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
ap
pp
pr
re
eh
he
en
ns
si
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r m
ma
ay
y p
pr
ra
ac
ct
ti
ic
ce
e t
th
he
e t
te
ex
xt
ts
s/
/s
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
ts
s t
th
he
er
re
eb
by
y
a
ad
dv
ve
er
rs
se
el
ly
y a
af
ff
fe
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
li
in
ng
g
e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n.
. A
Ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
gl
ly
y i
it
t i
is
s s
su
ub
bm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e/
/m
mo
od
da
al
l t
te
ex
xt
t/
/s
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
t c
ca
an
n o
on
nl
ly
y b
be
e s
su
up
pp
pl
li
ie
ed
d t
to
o
t
th
he
e s
sp
pe
ea
ak
ke
er
rs
s/
/a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d i
if
f t
th
hi
is
s H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
de
ee
em
ms
s
i
it
t a
ap
pp
pr
ro
op
pr
ri
ia
at
te
e.
.”
”
1
11
1.
. B
By
y a
an
n o
or
rd
de
er
r o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
1-
-7
7-
-2
20
01
16
6
[
[S
Su
ud
dh
hi
ir
r C
Ch
ha
au
ud
dh
ha
ar
ry
y v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e (
(N
NC
CT
T o
of
f D
De
el
lh
hi
i)
),
, 2
20
01
16
6
S
SC
CC
C O
On
nL
Li
in
ne
e S
SC
C 1
17
70
07
7,
, w
wh
he
er
re
ei
in
n i
it
t w
wa
as
s
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d:
:“
“A
Ar
rg
gu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s h
he
ea
ar
rd
d.
. J
Ju
ud
dg
gm
me
en
nt
t r
re
es
se
er
rv
ve
ed
d.
.
I
In
n t
th
he
e m
me
ea
an
nt
ti
im
me
e,
, t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r s
sh
ha
al
ll
l
f
fi
il
le
e t
th
he
e t
tr
ra
an
ns
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e d
di
is
sp
pu
ut
te
ed
d c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n
a
a s
se
ea
al
le
ed
d c
co
ov
ve
er
r.
. W
We
e f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
r d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
D
Di
ir
re
ec
ct
to
or
r,
, C
Ce
en
nt
tr
ra
al
l F
Fo
or
re
en
ns
si
ic
c S
Sc
ci
ie
en
nc
ce
e L
La
ab
bo
or
ra
at
to
or
ry
y
(
(C
CF
FS
SL
L)
) s
sh
ha
al
ll
l f
fi
il
le
e i
in
n a
a s
se
ea
al
le
ed
d c
co
ov
ve
er
r p
pr
ro
op
po
os
se
ed
d
p
pa
as
ss
sa
ag
ge
e o
of
f a
a w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n t
te
ex
xt
t,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e p
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
rs
s
h
he
er
re
ei
in
n s
sh
ha
al
ll
l b
be
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o r
re
ea
ad
d o
ou
ut
t,
, f
fo
or
r p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s
o
of
f g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
ei
ir
r v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s u
us
si
in
ng
g w
wo
or
rd
ds
s b
bu
ut
t n
no
ot
t
t
th
he
e s
se
en
nt
te
en
nc
ce
es
s a
ap
pp
pe
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g i
in
n t
th
he
e d
di
is
sp
pu
ut
te
ed
d
c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n s
su
uc
ch
h n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r a
as
s t
th
he
e
D
Di
ir
re
ec
ct
to
or
r/
/S
Sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
c O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r m
ma
ay
y c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
r
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y f
fo
or
r p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s o
of
f c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
ri
is
so
on
n.
. N
Ne
ee
ed
df
fu
ul
l
b
be
e d
do
on
ne
e w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n f
fo
ou
ur
r w
we
ee
ek
ks
s.
.”
”]
] ,
, t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r w
wa
as
s d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o f
fi
il
le
e a
a t
tr
ra
an
ns
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e
d
di
is
sp
pu
ut
te
ed
d c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n a
a s
se
ea
al
le
ed
d c
co
ov
ve
er
r.
. T
Th
he
e
D
Di
ir
re
ec
ct
to
or
r C
CF
FS
SL
L-
-C
CB
BI
I,
, w
wa
as
s c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d u
up
po
on
n t
to
o f
fi
il
le
e i
in
n a
a
s
se
ea
al
le
ed
d c
co
ov
ve
er
r a
a p
pr
ro
op
po
os
se
ed
d p
pa
as
ss
sa
ag
ge
e o
of
f a
a w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n
t
te
ex
xt
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s s
sh
ha
al
ll
l b
be
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o
r
re
ea
ad
d o
ou
ut
t f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
ei
ir
r v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s u
us
si
in
ng
g w
wo
or
rd
ds
s,
, b
bu
ut
t n
no
ot
t t
th
he
e s
se
en
nt
te
en
nc
ce
es
s,
,
a
ap
pp
pe
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g i
in
n t
th
he
e d
di
is
sp
pu
ut
te
ed
d c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
n s
su
uc
ch
h
n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r a
as
s t
th
he
e D
Di
ir
re
ec
ct
to
or
r/
/S
Sc
ci
ie
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
c O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r m
ma
ay
y
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
r n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f
c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
ri
is
so
on
n.
.
1
12
2.
. W
We
e a
ar
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e v
vi
ie
ew
w t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e a
af
fo
or
re
es
sa
ai
id
d
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d b
by
y t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ll
la
ay
y t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pr
re
eh
he
en
ns
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s i
in
n
r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
d t
to
o t
th
he
e f
fa
ai
ir
rn
ne
es
ss
s o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s i
in
nv
vo
ol
lv
ve
ed
d i
in
n

60
WP No.11759/2020
d
dr
ra
aw
wi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e.
. O
Ou
ur
r d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s e
en
ns
su
ur
re
e
t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e t
te
ex
xt
t w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e
c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d u
up
po
on
n t
to
o r
re
ea
ad
d o
ou
ut
t f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f
d
dr
ra
aw
wi
in
ng
g t
th
he
ei
ir
r v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s w
wi
il
ll
l n
no
ot
t h
ha
av
ve
e
s
se
en
nt
te
en
nc
ce
es
s f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e i
in
nc
cu
ul
lp
pa
at
to
or
ry
y t
te
ex
xt
t.
. S
Si
im
mi
il
la
ar
rl
ly
y,
,
p
pe
er
rm
mi
it
tt
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e t
te
ex
xt
t t
to
o c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
n w
wo
or
rd
ds
s d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n f
fr
ro
om
m
t
th
he
e d
di
is
sp
pu
ut
te
ed
d c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
n w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d m
me
ee
et
t t
th
he
e
l
le
eg
gi
it
ti
im
ma
at
te
e c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
n o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ti
ie
es
s f
fo
or
r m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g a
a f
fa
ai
ir
r c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
ri
is
so
on
n.
.
1
13
3.
. I
In
n p
pu
ur
rs
su
ua
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f t
th
he
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d b
by
y t
th
hi
is
s
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r h
ha
as
s f
fi
il
le
ed
d i
in
n s
se
ea
al
le
ed
d
c
co
ov
ve
er
r:
: (
(i
i)
) t
tr
ra
an
ns
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e d
di
is
sp
pu
ut
te
ed
d
c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
ns
s;
; a
an
nd
d (
(i
ii
i)
) a
a p
pr
ro
op
po
os
se
ed
d p
pa
as
ss
sa
ag
ge
e o
of
f a
a
w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n t
te
ex
xt
t r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e r
re
ea
ad
d o
ou
ut
t b
by
y t
th
he
e
a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
ts
s f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
ei
ir
r v
vo
oi
ic
ce
e
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s.
. T
Th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sa
ag
ge
e c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ns
s w
wo
or
rd
ds
s b
bu
ut
t n
no
ot
t t
th
he
e
s
se
en
nt
te
en
nc
ce
es
s a
ap
pp
pe
ea
ar
ri
in
ng
g i
in
n t
th
he
e d
di
is
sp
pu
ut
te
ed
d
c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
sa
at
ti
io
on
n.
. H
Ha
av
vi
in
ng
g p
pe
er
ru
us
se
ed
d t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
se
ea
al
le
ed
d c
co
ov
ve
er
rs
s,
, w
we
e a
ar
re
e s
sa
at
ti
is
sf
fi
ie
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r h
ha
as
s c
co
om
mp
pl
li
ie
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h o
ou
ur
r
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s.
. W
We
e o
or
rd
de
er
r a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
gl
ly
y.
.
1
14
4.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r [
[S
Su
ud
dh
hi
ir
r C
Ch
ha
au
ud
dh
hr
ry
y v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e,
, 2
20
01
15
5
S
SC
CC
C O
On
nL
Li
in
ne
e D
De
el
l 7
74
45
57
7]
] p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e H
Hi
ig
gh
h C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
s
sh
ha
al
ll
l a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
gl
ly
y s
st
ta
an
nd
d m
mo
od
di
if
fi
ie
ed
d a
an
nd
d b
be
e
s
su
ub
bs
st
ti
it
tu
ut
te
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e a
af
fo
or
re
es
sa
ai
id
d d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s.
.
5
5.
.2
20
0.
. I
In
n J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e K
K.
. P
Pu
ut
tt
ta
as
sw
wa
am
my
y’
’s
s c
ca
as
se
e (
(s
su
up
pr
ra
a)
)
t
th
he
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t
“
“p
pr
re
ev
ve
en
nt
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f c
cr
ri
im
me
e”
”
a
ar
re
e a
am
mo
on
ng
g t
th
he
e l
le
eg
gi
it
ti
im
ma
at
te
e i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
st
ta
at
te
e.
. T
Th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s
s
so
ou
ug
gh
ht
t f
fo
or
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g c
cr
ri
im
me
es
s u
un
nd
de
er
r t
th
he
e

61
WP No.11759/2020
N
ND
DP
PS
S A
Ac
ct
t.
. T
Th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d
1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 p
pu
ur
rs
su
ue
es
s a
a l
le
eg
gi
it
ti
im
ma
at
te
e a
ai
im
m.
.
5
5.
.2
21
1.
. T
Th
he
e a
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n i
is
s p
pr
ro
op
po
or
rt
ti
io
on
na
at
te
e b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e,
, i
it
t i
is
s
m
me
er
re
el
ly
y s
se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
in
n
a
ai
id
d o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a r
ra
at
ti
io
on
na
al
l
n
ne
ex
xu
us
s w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e a
an
nd
d m
me
ea
an
ns
s t
to
o
a
ac
ch
hi
ie
ev
ve
e t
th
he
e o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e.
.
5
5.
.2
22
2.
. I
In
n S
Se
el
lv
vi
i v
v.
. S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f K
Ka
ar
rn
na
at
ta
ak
ka
a (
(2
20
01
10
0)
) 7
7
S
SC
CC
C 2
26
63
3,
, p
pa
ar
ra
ag
gr
ra
ap
ph
h 2
26
62
2,
, t
th
he
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a h
ha
as
s h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
so
or
ry
y
a
ad
dm
mi
in
ni
is
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
ts
s v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
es
s
“
“r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n”
” e
en
ns
sh
hr
ri
in
ne
ed
d i
in
n
A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
.T
Th
he
e
o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 m
me
er
re
el
ly
y o
or
rd
de
er
re
ed
d t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o u
un
nd
de
er
rg
go
o a
a p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t.
. T
Th
he
er
re
e
i
is
s n
no
o o
or
rd
de
er
r w
wh
ha
at
ts
so
oe
ev
ve
er
r f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e t
te
es
st
t t
to
o b
be
e
c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
so
or
ri
il
ly
y c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
te
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r.
.

62
WP No.11759/2020
T
Th
hu
us
s,
, i
if
f s
su
uc
ch
h a
a t
te
es
st
t i
is
s c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
te
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e
P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r’
’s
s c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t,
, t
th
he
er
re
e w
wi
il
ll
l b
be
e n
no
o
i
in
nf
fr
ra
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
.
5
5.
.2
23
3.
. T
Th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r h
ha
as
s a
ac
ct
te
ed
d w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e
f
fo
ou
ur
r c
co
or
rn
ne
er
rs
s o
of
f L
La
aw
w s
so
o a
as
s t
to
o c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
t p
pr
ro
op
pe
er
r
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n;
; h
he
en
nc
ce
e t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
ou
ug
gh
ht
t n
no
ot
t t
to
o
i
in
nt
te
er
rf
fe
er
re
e i
in
n t
th
he
e m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r b
by
y r
re
el
ly
yi
in
ng
g o
on
n P
P.
.
C
Ch
hi
id
da
am
mb
ba
ar
ra
am
m v
v.
. D
Di
ir
re
ec
ct
to
or
ra
at
te
e o
of
f
E
En
nf
fo
or
rc
ce
em
me
en
nt
t,
, (
(2
20
01
19
9)
) 9
9 S
SC
CC
C 2
24
4 m
mo
or
re
e
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
rl
ly
y p
pa
ar
ra
ag
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s 6
64
4,
, 6
66
6,
, 6
67
7 a
an
nd
d 6
68
8
t
th
he
er
re
eo
of
f w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ar
re
e h
he
er
re
eu
un
nd
de
er
r r
re
ep
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d f
fo
or
r
e
ea
as
sy
y r
re
ef
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e:
:
6
64
4.
. I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
nt
to
o c
cr
ri
im
me
es
s i
is
s t
th
he
e p
pr
re
er
ro
og
ga
at
ti
iv
ve
e
o
of
f t
th
he
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e a
an
nd
d e
ex
xc
ce
ep
pt
ti
in
ng
g i
in
n r
ra
ar
re
e c
ca
as
se
es
s,
, t
th
he
e
j
ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
ar
ry
y s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d k
ke
ee
ep
p o
ou
ut
t a
al
ll
l t
th
he
e a
ar
re
ea
as
s o
of
f
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. I
In
n S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f B
Bi
ih
ha
ar
r v
v.
. P
P.
.P
P.
. S
Sh
ha
ar
rm
ma
a
[
[S
St
ta
at
te
e o
of
f B
Bi
ih
ha
ar
r v
v.
. P
P.
.P
P.
. S
Sh
ha
ar
rm
ma
a,
, 1
19
99
92
2 S
Su
up
pp
p (
(1
1)
)
S
SC
CC
C 2
22
22
2 :
: 1
19
99
92
2 S
SC
CC
C (
(C
Cr
ri
i)
) 1
19
92
2]
] ,
, i
it
t w
wa
as
s h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t
:
: (
(S
SC
CC
C p
p.
. 2
25
58
8,
, p
pa
ar
ra
a 4
47
7)
)
“
“4
47
7.
. …
… T
Th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r i
is
s a
an
n a
ar
rm
m o
of
f t
th
he
e
L
La
aw
w a
an
nd
d p
pl
la
ay
ys
s a
a p
pi
iv
vo
ot
ta
al
l r
ro
ol
le
e i
in
n t
th
he
e d
di
is
sp
pe
en
ns
sa
at
ti
io
on
n

63
WP No.11759/2020
o
of
f c
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l j
ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e a
an
nd
d m
ma
ai
in
nt
te
en
na
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f L
La
aw
w a
an
nd
d
o
or
rd
de
er
r.
. …
… E
En
no
ou
ug
gh
h p
po
ow
we
er
r i
is
s t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e g
gi
iv
ve
en
n t
to
o t
th
he
e
p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e a
ar
re
ea
a o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s
a
an
nd
d g
gr
ra
an
nt
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
em
m t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rt
t l
la
at
ti
it
tu
ud
de
e t
to
o e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
e
i
it
ts
s d
di
is
sc
cr
re
et
ti
io
on
na
ar
ry
y p
po
ow
we
er
r t
to
o m
ma
ak
ke
e a
a s
su
uc
cc
ce
es
ss
sf
fu
ul
l
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n…
….
.”
”
6
66
6.
. A
As
s h
he
el
ld
d b
by
y t
th
he
e S
Su
up
pr
re
em
me
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n a
a c
ca
at
te
en
na
a o
of
f
j
ju
ud
dg
gm
me
en
nt
ts
s t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a w
we
el
ll
l-
-d
de
ef
fi
in
ne
ed
d a
an
nd
d
d
de
em
ma
ar
rc
ca
at
te
ed
d f
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e f
fi
ie
el
ld
d o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n
a
an
nd
d i
it
ts
s s
su
ub
bs
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nt
t a
ad
dj
ju
ud
di
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
. I
It
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t t
th
he
e
f
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o m
mo
on
ni
it
to
or
r t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s s
so
o l
lo
on
ng
g a
as
s t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t
v
vi
io
ol
la
at
te
e a
an
ny
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f L
La
aw
w.
. I
It
t m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e l
le
ef
ft
t t
to
o
t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cr
re
et
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y t
to
o
d
de
ec
ci
id
de
e t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
is
s
t
to
o i
in
nt
te
er
rf
fe
er
re
e i
in
n e
ea
ac
ch
h a
an
nd
d e
ev
ve
er
ry
y s
st
ta
ag
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d,
, i
it
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
af
ff
fe
ec
ct
t t
th
he
e n
no
or
rm
ma
al
l c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. I
It
t m
mu
us
st
t b
be
e l
le
ef
ft
t t
to
o t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y t
to
o p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
d i
in
n i
it
ts
s o
ow
wn
n m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r i
in
n
i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d,
, n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s
p
pu
ut
t t
to
o h
hi
im
m a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r o
of
f i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d.
.
6
67
7.
. I
It
t i
is
s o
on
ne
e t
th
hi
in
ng
g t
to
o s
sa
ay
y t
th
ha
at
t i
if
f t
th
he
e p
po
ow
we
er
r o
of
f
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
ed
d b
by
y a
an
n
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r m
ma
al
la
a f
fi
id
de
e o
or
r n
no
on
n-
-c
co
om
mp
pl
li
ia
an
nc
ce
e
o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e C
Co
od
de
e
i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
t o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, i
it
t i
is
s o
op
pe
en
n t
to
o
t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o q
qu
ua
as
sh
h t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
di
in
ng
gs
s w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
er
re
e
i
is
s a
a c
cl
le
ea
ar
r c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f a
ab
bu
us
se
e o
of
f p
po
ow
we
er
r.
. I
It
t i
is
s a
a d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t
m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e H
Hi
ig
gh
h C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
e o
of
f i
it
ts
s
i
in
nh
he
er
re
en
nt
t p
po
ow
we
er
r u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 4
48
82
2 C
Cr
rP
PC
C,
, c
ca
an
n
a
al
lw
wa
ay
ys
s i
is
ss
su
ue
e a
ap
pp
pr
ro
op
pr
ri
ia
at
te
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n a
at
t t
th
he
e
i
in
ns
st
ta
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
an
n a
ag
gg
gr
ri
ie
ev
ve
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
if
f t
th
he
e H
Hi
ig
gh
h C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
i
is
s c
co
on
nv
vi
in
nc
ce
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
po
ow
we
er
r o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n h
ha
as
s
b
be
ee
en
n e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r m
ma
al
la
a
f
fi
id
de
e a
an
nd
d n
no
ot
t i
in
n a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
da
an
nc
ce
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f
t
th
he
e C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e C
Co
od
de
e.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, a
as
s
p
po
oi
in
nt
te
ed
d o
ou
ut
t e
ea
ar
rl
li
ie
er
r t
th
ha
at
t p
po
ow
we
er
r i
is
s t
to
o b
be
e e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
ed
d
i
in
n r
ra
ar
re
e c
ca
as
se
es
s w
wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a c
cl
le
ea
ar
r a
ab
bu
us
se
e o
of
f
p
po
ow
we
er
r a
an
nd
d n
no
on
n-
-c
co
om
mp
pl
li
ia
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s

64
WP No.11759/2020
f
fa
al
ll
li
in
ng
g u
un
nd
de
er
r C
Ch
ha
ap
pt
te
er
r X
XI
II
I o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
od
de
e o
of
f C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l
P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nt
te
er
rf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f t
th
he
e H
Hi
ig
gh
h
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e i
in
ni
it
ti
ia
al
l s
st
ta
ag
ge
es
s o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n w
wh
he
er
re
e
t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
is
s c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n o
of
f g
gr
ra
an
nt
t o
of
f
r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
ar
r b
ba
ai
il
l o
or
r p
pr
re
e-
-a
ar
rr
re
es
st
t b
ba
ai
il
l,
, i
it
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o e
en
nt
te
er
r i
in
nt
to
o t
th
he
e d
de
em
ma
ar
rc
ca
at
te
ed
d f
fu
un
nc
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d c
co
ol
ll
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e/
/m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
ls
s f
fo
or
r e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e
a
an
nd
d i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e
w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
se
es
s.
.
W
Wh
he
et
th
he
er
r d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e t
th
he
e t
tr
ra
an
ns
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
ts
s
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d
6
68
8.
. T
Th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
t i
is
s t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t h
ha
as
s
n
no
ot
t b
be
ee
en
n p
pl
la
ac
ce
ed
d b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t a
as
s t
to
o w
wh
ha
at
t
w
we
er
re
e t
th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s/
/a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s o
on
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e
a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
t w
wa
as
s i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
te
ed
d o
on
n 1
19
9-
-1
12
2-
-2
20
01
18
8,
, 1
1-
-1
1-
-
2
20
01
19
9 a
an
nd
d 2
21
1-
-1
1-
-2
20
01
19
9 a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e E
En
nf
fo
or
rc
ce
em
me
en
nt
t
D
Di
ir
re
ec
ct
to
or
ra
at
te
e h
ha
as
s n
no
ot
t b
be
ee
en
n a
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o s
sh
ho
ow
w a
as
s t
to
o h
ho
ow
w
t
th
he
e a
an
ns
sw
we
er
rs
s g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
t a
ar
re
e
“
“e
ev
va
as
si
iv
ve
e”
”.
. I
It
t w
wa
as
s s
su
ub
bm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y E
En
nf
fo
or
rc
ce
em
me
en
nt
t D
Di
ir
re
ec
ct
to
or
ra
at
te
e
c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t e
ex
xp
pe
ec
ct
t t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o g
gi
iv
ve
e a
an
ns
sw
we
er
rs
s i
in
n t
th
he
e
m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r t
th
he
ey
y w
wa
an
nt
t a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y
s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
lw
wa
ay
ys
s k
ke
ee
ep
p i
in
n t
th
he
ei
ir
r m
mi
in
nd
d t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s o
of
f
t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
te
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e 2
20
0(
(3
3)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e
C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
. S
Si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e i
in
nt
te
er
rr
ro
og
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s p
pu
ut
t t
to
o t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e a
an
ns
sw
we
er
rs
s g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
a
ar
re
e p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s p
pu
ur
re
el
ly
y
w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e d
do
om
ma
ai
in
n o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r,
,
u
un
nl
le
es
ss
s s
sa
at
ti
is
sf
fi
ie
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r h
ha
as
s
i
im
mp
pr
ro
op
pe
er
rl
ly
y a
an
nd
d i
il
ll
le
eg
ga
al
ll
ly
y e
ex
xe
er
rc
ci
is
se
ed
d h
hi
is
s
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g p
po
ow
we
er
rs
s i
in
n b
br
re
ea
ac
ch
h o
of
f a
an
ny
y s
st
ta
at
tu
ut
to
or
ry
y
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t i
in
nt
te
er
rf
fe
er
re
e.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e
p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t c
ca
as
se
e,
, n
no
o d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d t
to
o t
th
he
e
R
Re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t t
to
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e t
th
he
e t
tr
ra
an
ns
sc
cr
ri
ip
pt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e
q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s p
pu
ut
t t
to
o t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
t a
an
nd
d a
an
ns
sw
we
er
rs
s g
gi
iv
ve
en
n
b
by
y t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pe
el
ll
la
an
nt
t.
.

65
WP No.11759/2020
5
5.
.2
24
4.
. H
He
en
nc
ce
e,
, t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t
w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t i
in
nt
te
er
rf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e.
.
5
5.
.2
25
5.
. O
On
n t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e g
gr
ro
ou
un
nd
ds
s,
, h
he
e s
so
ou
ug
gh
ht
t f
fo
or
r
d
di
is
sm
mi
is
ss
sa
al
l o
of
f t
th
he
e W
Wr
ri
it
t P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
n.
.
6
6.
. H
He
ea
ar
rd
d S
Sh
hr
ri
i H
Ha
as
sm
ma
at
t P
Pa
as
sh
ha
a,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d s
se
en
ni
io
or
r c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l
f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r,
, S
Sh
hr
ri
i V
Ve
ee
er
ra
an
na
a T
Ti
ig
ga
ad
di
i,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d
S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
to
or
r f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e R
Re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t s
st
ta
at
te
e a
an
nd
d
p
pe
er
ru
us
se
ed
d p
pa
ap
pe
er
rs
s.
.
7
7.
. O
On
n t
th
he
e b
ba
as
si
is
s o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pl
le
ea
ad
di
in
ng
gs
s f
fi
il
le
ed
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e
a
ar
rg
gu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s a
ad
dv
va
an
nc
ce
ed
d t
th
he
e p
po
oi
in
nt
ts
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ar
ri
is
se
e f
fo
or
r
d
de
et
te
er
rm
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n b
by
y t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t a
ar
re
e:
:
7.1. Can a direction be issued to an accused to
furnish the password, passcode or
Biometrics in order to open the smartphone
and/or email account?
7.2. Can a Court issue a suo moto order to the
accused to furnish a password, passcode or
Biometrics?
7.3. In the event of a direction being issued and
the accused not furnishing the password,
passcode or Biometrics, what is the

66
WP No.11759/2020
recourse available to an Investigating
Officer?
7.4. What is the consideration for the issuance of
a search warrant in order to search a
smartphone or computer system?
7.5. Would the data gathered from a smartphone
and/or email account ipso facto prove the
guilt of the accused?
7.6. Would providing a password, passcode or
Biometrics amount to self-incrimination or
testimonial compulsion?
7.7. Would providing of password, passcode or
Biometrics violate the right to privacy of a
person providing the said password,
passcode or Biometrics?
7.8. What steps could be taken if the accused or
any other person connected with the
investigation were to refuse to furnish a
password, passcode or Biometrics despite
issuance of a search warrant and or a
direction to provide a password, passcode
or Biometrics of that person?
7.9. What are the protection and safeguard that
the Investigating Officer would have to take
in respect of the smartphone and/or
electronic equipment?
7.10. Whether the order dated 14.09.2020
passed by the Trial Court directing the
Petitioner to co-operate with the
investigating agency and provide a
password to open the smartphone and
email account is proper?

67
WP No.11759/2020
7.11. Whether the order dated 23.09.2020 passed
by the Trial Court directing the Petitioner to
undergo a polygraph test violates the rights
of the Petitioner under Article 20 of the
Constitution of India?
7.12. Whether the order dated 15.10.2020 passed
by the Trial Court dismissing the Recall
Application was in accordance with Law?
7.13. What order?
8
8.
. I
IN
NT
TR
RO
OD
DU
UC
CT
TI
IO
ON
N:
:
8
8.
.1
1.
. T
To
od
da
ay
y t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y h
ha
as
s b
be
ec
co
om
me
e a
al
ll
l-
-p
pe
er
rv
va
as
si
iv
ve
e,
,
a
a t
te
el
le
ep
ph
ho
on
ne
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h w
wa
as
s u
us
se
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pa
as
st
t f
fo
or
r
c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n n
no
ow
w c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d a
a l
la
an
nd
dl
li
in
ne
e h
ha
as
s
g
gi
iv
ve
en
n w
wa
ay
y t
to
o s
so
op
ph
hi
is
st
ti
ic
ca
at
te
ed
d i
in
ns
st
tr
ru
um
me
en
nt
ts
s l
li
ik
ke
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
es
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
av
ve
e c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
ti
in
ng
g p
po
ow
we
er
rs
s
p
pr
ro
ob
ba
ab
bl
ly
y t
th
ho
ou
us
sa
an
nd
d t
ti
im
me
es
s m
mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n t
th
ha
at
t o
of
f
c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
rs
s o
of
f 9
90
0’
’s
s l
le
ea
ad
di
in
ng
g t
to
o t
th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e
p
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e b
be
ec
co
om
mi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
ce
en
nt
tr
ra
al
l
d
de
ev
vi
ic
ce
e f
fo
or
r r
ru
un
nn
ni
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
af
ff
fa
ai
ir
rs
s o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n.
.

68
WP No.11759/2020
8
8.
.2
2.
. T
Th
he
e m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
,n
no
ow
w c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
,
i
is
s t
tr
ru
ul
ly
y s
sm
ma
ar
rt
t a
an
nd
d t
to
od
da
ay
y i
is
s u
us
se
ed
d f
fo
or
r a
al
ll
l
p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s,
, o
on
ne
e o
of
f w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s a
as
s a
a p
ph
ho
on
ne
e f
fo
or
r
c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
si
in
ng
g w
wi
it
th
h p
pe
eo
op
pl
le
e.
.I
It
t m
ma
ay
y a
al
ls
so
o n
no
ot
t b
be
e
w
wr
ro
on
ng
g t
to
o s
sa
ay
y t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e u
us
sa
ag
ge
e o
of
f a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e
a
as
s a
a p
ph
ho
on
ne
e i
is
s t
th
he
e l
le
ea
as
st
t u
us
se
ed
d o
of
f i
it
ts
s f
fe
ea
at
tu
ur
re
es
s.
.
8
8.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e i
is
s b
be
ei
in
ng
g u
us
se
ed
d t
to
od
da
ay
y f
fo
or
r
v
va
ar
ri
io
ou
us
s a
ac
ct
ti
iv
vi
it
ti
ie
es
s,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g s
se
en
nd
di
in
ng
g
m
me
es
ss
sa
ag
ge
es
s,
, c
co
on
nv
ve
er
rs
si
in
ng
g o
on
n s
so
oc
ci
ia
al
l m
me
ed
di
ia
a l
li
ik
ke
e
W
Wh
ha
at
ts
sA
Ap
pp
p,
, F
Fa
ac
ce
eb
bo
oo
ok
k,
, T
Tw
wi
it
tt
te
er
r,
, I
In
ns
st
ta
ag
gr
ra
am
m,
,
T
Te
el
le
eg
gr
ra
am
m,
, S
Si
ig
gn
na
al
le
et
tc
c.
.,
, s
se
en
nd
di
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
vi
in
ng
g
e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
ls
s f
fr
ro
om
m v
va
ar
ri
io
ou
us
s a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s,
, b
be
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l o
or
r o
of
ff
fi
ic
ci
ia
al
l.
.U
Us
sa
ag
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e
f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nt
te
er
rn
ne
et
t,
,
b
br
ro
ow
ws
si
in
ng
g w
wo
or
rl
ld
d w
wi
id
de
e w
we
eb
b,
, e
et
tc
c.
. c
ca
ar
rr
ry
yi
in
ng
g o
ou
ut
t
o
on
nl
li
in
ne
e t
tr
ra
an
ns
sa
ac
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, o
on
nl
li
in
ne
e p
pu
ur
rc
ch
ha
as
se
es
s e
ei
it
th
he
er
r
b
by
y i
in
nt
te
er
rn
ne
et
t b
br
ro
ow
ws
se
er
r o
or
r t
th
hr
ro
ou
ug
gh
h s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ie
ed
d a
an
nd
d
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, s
st
to
or
ra
ag
ge
e o
of
f p
ph
ho
ot
to
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s,
,

69
WP No.11759/2020
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, r
re
et
tr
ri
ie
ev
va
al
l o
of
f t
th
he
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s s
st
to
or
re
ed
d
i
in
n t
th
he
e c
cl
lo
ou
ud
d o
or
r o
on
n a
a r
re
em
mo
ot
te
e s
se
er
rv
ve
er
r e
et
tc
c.
.,
, e
et
tc
c.
.,
,
t
th
he
e l
li
is
st
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d g
go
o o
on
n a
an
nd
d o
on
n.
.
8
8.
.4
4.
. E
Es
ss
se
en
nt
ti
ia
al
ll
ly
y t
to
od
da
ay
y,
, a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
,i
in
n m
ma
an
ny
y
c
ca
as
se
es
s,
, h
ha
as
s r
re
ep
pl
la
ac
ce
ed
d t
th
he
e l
la
ap
pt
to
op
p,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
ad
d
r
re
ep
pl
la
ac
ce
ed
d t
th
he
e o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
e,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e b
by
y
i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f i
is
s a
an
n o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
e f
fo
or
r s
se
ev
ve
er
ra
al
l p
pe
er
rs
so
on
ns
s.
.
8
8.
.5
5.
. T
Th
he
e L
La
aw
w o
of
f E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e C
Cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l
P
Pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e C
Co
od
de
e t
th
ha
at
t h
ha
ad
d b
be
ee
en
n e
en
na
ac
ct
te
ed
d l
lo
on
ng
g
a
ag
go
o h
ha
av
ve
e a
al
ls
so
o b
be
ee
en
n a
am
me
en
nd
de
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m t
ti
im
me
e t
to
o
t
ti
im
me
e t
to
o t
tr
ry
y a
an
nd
d c
ca
at
te
er
r t
to
o t
th
he
e t
tr
re
em
me
en
nd
do
ou
us
s
t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l i
im
mp
pr
ro
ov
ve
em
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, a
ap
pa
ar
rt
t t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
rm
m
t
th
he
e I
In
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y A
Ac
ct
t,
, 2
20
00
00
0 (
(I
IT
T
A
Ac
ct
t)
) h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n e
en
na
ac
ct
te
ed
d a
an
nd
d a
am
me
en
nd
de
ed
d f
fr
ro
om
m
t
ti
im
me
e t
to
o t
ti
im
me
e t
to
o c
ca
at
te
er
r t
to
o t
th
he
es
se
e t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l
i
im
mp
pr
ro
ov
ve
em
me
en
nt
ts
s.
.

70
WP No.11759/2020
8
8.
.6
6.
. T
Th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g d
de
ef
fi
in
ni
it
ti
io
on
ns
s u
un
nd
de
er
r I
IT
T A
Ac
ct
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d
b
be
e r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t f
fo
or
r c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t
m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r:
:
2(ha) "Communication device"
means cell phones, personal digital
assistance or combination of both or any
other device used to communicate, send
or transmit any text, video, audio or
image;]
(i) "computer" means any electronic,
magnetic, optical or other high-speed
data processing device or system which
performs logical, arithmetic, and
memory functions by manipulations of
electronic, magnetic or optical impulses,
and includes all input, output,
processing, storage, computer software
or communication facilities which are
connected or related to the computer in
a computer system or computer
network;
(j) "computer network" means the
inter-connection of one or more
computers or computer systems or
communication device through;
(i) the use of satellite, microwave,
terrestrial line, wire, wireless or
other communication media; and
(ii) terminals or a complex
consisting of two or more

71
WP No.11759/2020
interconnected computers or
communication device whether or
not the inter-connection is
continuously maintained;
(k) "computer resource" means
computer, computer system, computer
network, data, computer data base or
software;
(l) "computer system" means a device
or collection of devices, including input
and output support devices and
excluding calculators which are not
programmable and capable of being
used in conjunction with external files,
which contain computer programmes,
electronic instructions, input data and
output data, that performs logic,
arithmetic, data storage and retrieval,
communication control and other
functions;
(o) "data" means a representation of
information, knowledge, facts, concepts
or instructions which are being prepared
or have been prepared in a formalised
manner, and is intended to be
processed, is being processed or has
been processed in a computer system or
computer network, and may be in any
form (including computer printouts
magnetic or optical storage media,
punched cards, punched tapes) or stored
internally in the memory of the
computer;

72
WP No.11759/2020
(r) "electronic form" with reference to
information, means any information
generated, sent, received or stored in
media, magnetic, optical, computer
memory, micro film, computer
generated micro fiche or similar device;
(t) "electronic record" means data,
record or data generated, image or
sound stored, received or sent in an
electronic form or micro film or
computer generated micro fiche;
(v) "information" includes [data,
message, text,] images, sound, voice,
codes, computer programmes, software
and data bases or micro film or
computer generated micro fiche;
8
8.
.7
7.
. T
Th
he
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g d
de
ef
fi
in
ni
it
ti
io
on
ns
s i
in
n t
th
he
e i
in
nt
te
er
rp
pr
re
et
ta
at
ti
io
on
n
c
cl
la
au
us
se
e o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 3
3 o
of
f t
th
he
e I
In
nd
di
ia
an
n E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e
A
Ac
ct
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e r
re
el
le
ev
va
an
nt
t:
:
3. Interpretation clause. —In this
Act the following words and
expressions are used in the following
senses, unless a contrary intention
appears from the context:
“Fact”. —“Fact” means and includes:-

73
WP No.11759/2020
(1) any thing, state of things, or
relation of things, capable of being
perceived by the senses;
(2) any mental condition of which any
person is conscious.
“Document”:- “Document” means
any matter expressed or described
upon any substance by means of
letters, figures or marks, or by more
than one of those means, intended to
be used, or which may be used, for the
purpose of recording that matter.
“Evidence”:- “ Evidence” means and
includes—
(1) all statements which the Court
permits or requires to be made before
it by witnesses, in relation to matters
of fact under inquiry, such statements
are called oral evidence;
(2) [all documents including electronic
records produced for the inspection of
the Court], such documents are called
documentary evidence.
8
8.
.8
8.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e p
pa
as
st
t,
, w
wh
he
en
n a
an
ny
y d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t w
wa
as
s m
ma
ar
rk
ke
ed
d
i
in
n e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e,
, i
it
t w
wa
as
s m
mo
or
re
e o
of
ft
te
en
n t
th
ha
an
n n
no
ot
t,
,
r
re
es
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o a
a d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t i
in
n a
a p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l
f
fo
or
rm
ma
at
t v
vi
iz
z.
.,
, o
on
ne
e e
ei
it
th
he
er
r w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n o
or
r p
pr
ri
in
nt
te
ed
d o
on
n

74
WP No.11759/2020
a
a p
pa
ap
pe
er
r.
.T
To
od
da
ay
y a
a d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e b
bo
ot
th
h
p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l a
an
nd
d e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c,
, i
in
n a
an
ny
y f
fo
or
rm
m o
or
r
f
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ts
si
in
n d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t c
co
om
mb
bi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n l
li
ik
ke
e b
bi
in
na
ar
ry
y,
,
e
en
nc
cr
ry
yp
pt
te
ed
d,
, e
et
tc
c.
.
8
8.
.9
9.
. J
Ju
ux
xt
ta
ap
po
os
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e t
to
o t
th
he
e d
de
ef
fi
in
ni
it
ti
io
on
ns
s o
of
f a
an
n
e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c f
fo
or
rm
m a
an
nd
d e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c r
re
ec
co
or
rd
d u
un
nd
de
er
r
t
th
he
e I
IT
T A
Ac
ct
t,
, i
it
t c
ca
an
n b
be
e s
se
ee
en
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e d
de
ef
fi
in
ni
it
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e t
tw
wo
o p
ph
hr
ra
as
se
es
s s
se
ee
ek
k t
to
o e
en
nc
co
om
mp
pa
as
ss
s
a
an
nd
d c
co
ov
ve
er
r a
al
ll
l k
ki
in
nd
ds
s o
of
f m
me
et
th
ho
od
do
ol
lo
og
gy
y o
of
f
s
st
to
or
ri
in
ng
g d
da
at
ta
a,
, d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s a
as
s a
an
n i
im
ma
ag
ge
e,
,
p
ph
ho
ot
to
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hs
s,
, d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r
o
ot
th
he
er
rw
wi
is
se
e.
.E
Es
ss
se
en
nt
ti
ia
al
ll
ly
y a
al
ll
l k
ki
in
nd
d o
of
f i
im
ma
ag
ge
es
s,
,
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, e
et
tc
c.
. c
ca
an
n b
be
e c
cl
la
as
ss
si
if
fi
ie
ed
d a
as
s d
da
at
ta
a
i
in
na
as
sm
mu
uc
ch
h a
as
s t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a b
be
ei
in
ng
g i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n
s
st
to
or
re
ed
d i
in
n a
a p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r k
ki
in
nd
d o
of
f m
me
ed
di
ia
a.
.
8
8.
.1
10
0.
. T
Th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h e
ev
ve
en
n e
ea
ar
rl
li
ie
er
r d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s w
we
er
re
e
r
re
ef
fe
er
rr
re
ed
d t
to
o a
an
nd
d u
us
se
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f

75
WP No.11759/2020
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e,
, e
es
ss
se
en
nt
ti
ia
al
ll
ly
y e
ev
ve
en
n a
at
t t
th
ha
at
t p
po
oi
in
nt
t o
of
f
t
ti
im
me
e w
wh
ha
at
t i
it
t r
re
ef
fe
er
rr
re
ed
d t
to
o w
wa
as
s t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a i
in
n t
th
he
e
s
sa
ai
id
d d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t v
vi
iz
z.
.,
, t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
in
nt
te
ed
d o
or
r w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n
w
wo
or
rd
d i
in
n t
th
he
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t,
, t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ta
ar
ry
y e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e o
or
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e e
es
ss
se
en
nt
ti
ia
al
ll
ly
y w
wh
ha
at
t o
on
ne
e i
is
s d
de
ea
al
li
in
ng
g
w
wi
it
th
h i
is
s d
da
at
ta
a.
.
8
8.
.1
11
1.
. I
It
t i
is
s t
th
hi
is
s d
da
at
ta
a t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e
a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y a
an
n I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s o
of
f c
ca
ar
rr
ry
yi
in
ng
g o
ou
ut
t a
an
n i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n;
;
t
th
hi
is
s d
da
at
ta
a i
is
s r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s o
of
f
b
be
ei
in
ng
g r
re
ef
fe
er
rr
re
ed
d t
to
o w
wh
hi
il
le
e a
a c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e s
sh
he
ee
et
t i
is
s
b
be
ei
in
ng
g l
la
ai
id
d,
, i
it
t i
is
s t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a t
th
ha
at
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d b
by
y a
a C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f L
La
aw
w d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r r
re
en
nd
de
er
ri
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
e
J
Ju
ud
dg
gm
me
en
nt
t.
.

76
WP No.11759/2020
8
8.
.1
12
2.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e p
pa
as
st
t,
, l
le
et
tt
te
er
rs
s,
, p
po
os
st
tc
ca
ar
rd
ds
s,
, I
Is
sl
la
an
nd
d
l
le
et
tt
te
er
rs
s,
, t
te
el
le
ex
x,
, f
fa
ax
x w
we
er
re
e u
us
se
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e
o
of
f c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n.
.T
Th
hi
is
s c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
e
es
ss
se
en
nt
ti
ia
al
ll
ly
y r
re
es
su
ul
lt
te
ed
d i
in
n a
a h
ha
ar
rd
d c
co
op
py
y b
be
ei
in
ng
g
s
se
en
nt
t o
or
r p
pr
ri
in
nt
te
ed
d a
at
t t
th
he
e r
re
ec
ci
ip
pi
ie
en
nt
t'
's
s e
en
nd
d.
.T
Th
hi
is
s
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t,
, i
in
n i
it
ts
s p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l
f
fo
or
rm
m,
,w
wa
as
sc
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d,
, r
re
el
li
ie
ed
d u
up
po
on
n a
as
s o
or
ri
ig
gi
in
na
al
l
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s
a
an
nd
d l
la
at
te
er
r-
-o
on
n p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d a
an
nd
d m
ma
ar
rk
ke
ed
d d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e b
be
ei
in
ng
g l
le
ed
d i
in
n a
a
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
di
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d b
by
y a
a C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
.
8
8.
.1
13
3.
. S
Sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
es
s a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t
a
ar
re
e b
be
ec
co
om
mi
in
ng
g u
ub
bi
iq
qu
ui
it
to
ou
us
s,
, h
ha
ar
rd
d c
co
op
pi
ie
es
s/
/p
pr
ri
in
nt
t
o
ou
ut
ts
s/
/ b
bo
oo
ok
ks
s,
, f
fi
il
li
in
ng
g c
ca
ab
bi
in
ne
et
ts
s,
, e
es
ss
se
en
nt
ti
ia
al
ll
ly
y
a
an
ny
yt
th
hi
in
ng
g o
on
n p
pa
ap
pe
er
r i
is
s b
be
ec
co
om
mi
in
ng
g o
ob
bs
so
ol
le
et
te
e.
.
8
8.
.1
14
4.
. A
As
s a
af
fo
or
re
es
st
ta
at
te
ed
d,
, t
to
od
da
ay
y t
th
hi
is
s p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t h
ha
as
s t
ta
ak
ke
en
n o
on
n a
an
n e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c

77
WP No.11759/2020
a
ap
pp
pe
ea
ar
ra
an
nc
ce
e,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
he
es
se
e e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s/
/d
da
at
ta
a c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e s
st
to
or
re
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r o
or
r t
th
he
e l
li
ik
ke
e.
.M
Mo
or
re
e
o
of
ft
te
en
n t
th
ha
an
n n
no
ot
t,
, t
th
he
es
se
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
es
s,
,
c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
rs
s,
, s
se
er
rv
ve
er
rs
s,
, e
et
tc
c.
.,
, a
ar
re
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
se
ed
d o
on
nl
ly
y
b
by
y u
us
si
in
ng
g a
a p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d/
/p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g
t
th
ha
at
t b
by
y b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y,
, f
fa
ac
ci
ia
al
l
r
re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n,
, i
ir
ri
is
s r
re
ec
co
og
gn
ni
it
ti
io
on
n e
et
tc
c.
.T
Th
hu
us
s w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t
h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e,
,
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
c,
, n
no
o o
on
ne
e c
ca
an
n a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s e
ei
it
th
he
er
r a
a
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r o
or
r s
se
er
rv
ve
er
r.
.S
So
om
me
e
t
ti
im
me
es
s e
ev
ve
en
n s
sa
af
fe
es
s,
, f
fi
il
li
in
ng
g c
ca
ab
bi
in
ne
et
ts
s,
, e
et
tc
c.
.,
, a
ar
re
e
a
al
ls
so
o l
lo
oc
ck
ke
ed
d u
us
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e m
me
et
th
ho
od
do
ol
lo
og
gy
y.
.
8
8.
.1
15
5.
. I
It
t i
is
s i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s b
ba
ac
ck
kg
gr
ro
ou
un
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e
m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d.
.
9
9.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
No
o.
.1
1:
: Can a direction be
issued to an accused to furnish the password,
passcode or Biometrics in order to open the
smartphone and/or email account?

78
WP No.11759/2020
9
9.
.1
1.
. T
Th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r,
, d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e
o
of
f a
an
n i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
lw
wa
ay
ys
s i
is
ss
su
ue
e a
an
ny
y
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r m
ma
ak
ke
e a
a r
re
eq
qu
ue
es
st
t t
to
o t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
or
r o
ot
th
he
er
r p
pe
er
rs
so
on
ns
s c
co
on
nn
ne
ec
ct
te
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e
m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e
m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
l o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ts
s o
or
r t
th
he
e l
li
ik
ke
e.
. T
Th
he
es
se
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s
a
ar
re
e r
ro
ou
ut
ti
in
ne
e i
in
n a
an
ny
y i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
hu
us
s,
,
d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
lw
wa
ay
ys
s r
re
eq
qu
ue
es
st
t
a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r B
Bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s,
, e
en
na
ab
bl
li
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e o
op
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r e
em
ma
ai
il
l
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t.
. I
It
t i
is
s u
up
p t
to
o t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o a
ac
cc
ce
ed
de
e t
to
o
t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d r
re
eq
qu
ue
es
st
t a
an
nd
d o
or
r d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d w
we
er
re
e t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e s
su
uc
ch
h a
a p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
,
p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r B
Bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s,
, t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r c
co
ou
ul
ld
d m
ma
ak
ke
e u
us
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e a
an
nd
d g
ga
ai
in
n
a
an
n a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e.
.

79
WP No.11759/2020
1
10
0.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O.
.3
3:
: Can a Court issue a
suomoto order to the accused to furnish a
password, passcode or Biometrics?
1
10
0.
.1
1.
.T
Th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t p
pe
er
r s
se
e i
is
ss
su
ue
e a
an
ny
y d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s
t
to
o t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
,
p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r B
Bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s a
an
nd
d d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o
c
co
oo
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o a
a d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o
f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r B
Bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s.
.
T
Th
he
e g
ga
at
th
he
er
ri
in
ng
g o
of
f i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e,
,
m
mo
od
de
e a
an
nd
d m
me
et
th
ho
od
do
ol
lo
og
gy
y o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s i
in
n
t
th
he
e e
ex
xf
fa
ac
ci
ie
ed
do
om
ma
ai
in
n o
of
f t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r.
.
1
10
0.
.2
2.
. T
Th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rt
t b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t s
su
uo
o m
mo
ot
to
o o
or
rd
de
er
r f
fo
or
r
f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
B
Bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s.
. T
Th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
. T
Th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t c
ca
an
n o
on
nl
ly
y a
ac
ct
t o
on
n a
an
n
a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n b
be
ei
in
ng
g f
fi
il
le
ed
d b
by
y e
ei
it
th
he
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ie
es
s.
.

80
WP No.11759/2020
1
11
1.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O.
.4
4:
: In the event of a
direction being issued and the accused not
furnishing the password, passcode or
Biometrics, what is the recourse available to
an Investigating Officer?
1
11
1.
.1
1.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d n
no
ot
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r B
Bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s,
, t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r c
ca
an
n a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
h t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
s
se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s t
to
o t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r c
ca
ar
rr
ry
y
o
ou
ut
t a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r a
an
ny
y
e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t.
.
1
11
1.
.2
2.
. T
Th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
h t
th
he
e
c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ne
ed
d C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t s
se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r i
is
ss
su
ua
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t t
to
o c
ca
ar
rr
ry
y o
ou
ut
t a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t.
.
1
12
2.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O Q
QU
UE
ES
ST
TI
IO
ON
N N
NO
O.
.5
5:
: What is the
consideration for the issuance of a search
warrant in order to search a smartphone or
computer system?

81
WP No.11759/2020
1
12
2.
.1
1.
. T
Th
he
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
t f
fo
or
r a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f a
a
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c i
in
ns
st
tr
ru
um
me
en
nt
t
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
ar
ri
is
se
e u
un
nd
de
er
r t
tw
wo
o c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s.
.
1
12
2.
.1
1.
.1
1.
. E
Em
me
er
rg
ge
en
nt
t c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s
1
12
2.
.1
1.
.2
2.
. D
Du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
ar
r o
or
rd
di
in
na
ar
ry
y c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e
o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n
1
12
2.
.2
2.
. I
It
t i
is
s i
in
n l
li
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e t
tw
wo
o c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s t
th
ha
at
t
t
th
he
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e a
an
nd
d m
me
et
th
ho
od
do
ol
lo
og
gy
y o
of
f a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d.
.
1
12
2.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
. p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s a
a f
fr
ra
am
me
ew
wo
or
rk
k f
fo
or
r c
ca
ar
rr
ry
yi
in
ng
g
o
ou
ut
t a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f a
an
ny
y p
pr
re
em
mi
is
se
es
s o
or
r t
th
he
e l
li
ik
ke
e.
.
T
Th
he
er
re
e i
is
s n
no
o p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r o
or
r d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t f
fr
ra
am
me
ew
wo
or
rk
k
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s o
of
f s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f a
a
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t,
,
c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r,
, s
se
er
rv
ve
er
r e
et
tc
c.
. T
Th
hu
us
s,
, i
it
t i
is
s t
th
he
e
f
fr
ra
am
me
ew
wo
or
rk
k u
un
nd
de
er
r C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
. a
an
nd
d t
to
o s
so
om
me
e e
ex
xt
te
en
nt
t

82
WP No.11759/2020
u
un
nd
de
er
r t
th
he
e I
In
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y A
Ac
ct
t,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e m
ma
ad
de
e a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
he
es
s
o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e k
ki
in
nd
ds
s.
.
1
12
2.
.4
4.
. C
Ch
ha
ap
pt
te
er
r V
VI
II
I o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
. p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s f
fo
or
r s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h,
,
s
se
ei
iz
zu
ur
re
e,
, p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n e
et
tc
c.
. S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
91
1 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.
e
en
na
ab
bl
le
es
s a
an
ny
y C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
or
r a
an
ny
y o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r i
in
n c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e o
of
f
a
a p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e s
st
ta
at
ti
io
on
n t
to
o i
is
ss
su
ue
e s
su
um
mm
mo
on
ns
s o
or
r o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o
t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
in
n w
wh
ho
os
se
e p
po
os
ss
se
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
or
r p
po
ow
we
er
r
s
su
uc
ch
h a
a d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t o
or
r t
th
hi
in
ng
g a
ar
re
e b
be
el
li
ie
ev
ve
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e
r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
ri
in
ng
g h
hi
im
m t
to
o a
at
tt
te
en
nd
d a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e i
it
t a
at
t t
th
he
e
t
ti
im
me
e a
an
nd
d p
pl
la
ac
ce
e i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
te
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d s
su
um
mm
mo
on
n
o
or
r o
or
rd
de
er
r.
.
1
12
2.
.5
5.
. S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
92
2 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
. p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s t
th
he
e p
po
ow
we
er
r t
to
o
t
th
he
e D
Di
is
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
t M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e,
, C
Ch
hi
ie
ef
f J
Ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
al
l
M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e,
, C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f S
Se
es
ss
si
io
on
ns
s o
or
r H
Hi
ig
gh
h C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o
r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
e t
th
he
e p
po
os
st
ta
al
l o
or
r t
te
el
le
eg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y f
fo
or
r
t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
es
s o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, e
en
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y o
or
r t
tr
ri
ia
al
l

83
WP No.11759/2020
t
to
o o
or
rd
de
er
r t
th
he
e p
po
os
st
ta
al
l o
or
r t
te
el
le
eg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y t
to
o
d
de
el
li
iv
ve
er
r t
th
he
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t,
, p
pa
ar
rc
ce
el
l o
or
r t
th
hi
in
ng
g i
in
n t
th
he
e
c
cu
us
st
to
od
dy
y o
of
f p
po
os
st
ta
al
l o
or
r t
te
el
le
eg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y.
.
S
Si
im
mi
il
la
ar
rl
ly
y,
, t
th
he
e C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ne
er
r o
of
f P
Po
ol
li
ic
ce
e o
or
r
D
Di
is
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
t S
Su
up
pe
er
ri
in
nt
te
en
nd
de
en
nt
t o
of
f P
Po
ol
li
ic
ce
e m
ma
ay
y r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
e
t
th
he
e p
po
os
st
ta
al
l o
or
r t
te
el
le
eg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y t
to
o c
ca
au
us
se
e
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h,
, d
de
et
ta
ai
in
n t
th
he
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t o
or
r p
pa
ar
rc
ce
el
l a
an
nd
d
p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t.
. I
It
t i
is
s
p
pe
er
rt
ti
in
ne
en
nt
t t
to
o m
me
en
nt
ti
io
on
n h
he
er
re
e t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
c
co
or
rr
re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nc
ce
e e
em
ma
ai
il
l e
et
tc
c.
.,
, w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e c
co
ov
ve
er
re
ed
d
u
un
nd
de
er
r t
th
he
e T
Te
el
le
eg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h A
Au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y.
.
1
12
2.
.6
6.
. S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
93
3 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
. p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s p
po
ow
we
er
rs
s t
to
o
t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o i
is
ss
su
ue
e a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t
1
12
2.
.6
6.
.1
1.
. O
On
n a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n n
no
ot
t w
wi
il
ll
li
in
ng
g t
to
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e a
a
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t o
or
r a
a t
th
hi
in
ng
g a
as
s d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d
u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
91
1 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, o
or
r
1
12
2.
.6
6.
.2
2.
. W
Wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t o
or
r t
th
hi
in
ng
g i
is
s n
no
ot
t
k
kn
no
ow
wn
n t
to
o b
be
e i
in
n p
po
os
ss
se
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
ny
y

84
WP No.11759/2020
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n o
or
r
1
12
2.
.6
6.
.3
3.
. W
Wh
he
er
re
e t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
rs
s t
th
ha
at
t f
fo
or
r
t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f a
an
ny
y e
en
nq
qu
ui
ir
ry
y,
, t
tr
ri
ia
al
l o
or
r
o
ot
th
he
er
r p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
di
in
ng
gs
s,
, a
a g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
o
or
r i
in
ns
sp
pe
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d s
se
er
rv
ve
e t
th
he
e
p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e.
.
1
12
2.
.7
7.
. I
In
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
93
3 (
(2
2)
) o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, t
th
he
e
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o r
re
es
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
t t
th
he
e s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h t
to
o a
a
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c p
pl
la
ac
ce
e,
, a
a s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c t
ti
im
me
e o
or
r a
a s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ic
c
p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e.
.
1
12
2.
.8
8.
. S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
94
4 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
. c
co
on
nf
fe
er
rs
s p
po
ow
we
er
r o
on
n
c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n C
Co
ou
ur
rt
ts
s t
to
o s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h p
pl
la
ac
ce
es
s s
su
us
sp
pe
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o
c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
n s
st
to
ol
le
en
n p
pr
ro
op
pe
er
rt
ty
y,
, o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
io
on
na
ab
bl
le
e a
ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e,
,
f
fo
or
rg
ge
ed
d d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, c
co
ou
un
nt
te
er
rf
fe
ei
it
t m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
l,
,
o
ob
bs
sc
ce
en
ne
e o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ts
s,
, i
in
ns
st
tr
ru
um
me
en
nt
ts
s o
or
r m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
ls
s
u
us
se
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
ny
y i
it
te
em
m u
un
nd
de
er
r
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
94
4 (
(2
2)
) o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, a
an
nd
d t
to
o t
ta
ak
ke
e s
su
uc
ch
h
a
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n a
as
s m
ma
ay
y b
be
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d i
in
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
9
94
4(
(1
1)
) o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, t
th
he
er
re
eo
of
f.
.

85
WP No.11759/2020
1
12
2.
.9
9.
. I
In
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
10
00
0 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, i
in
n t
th
he
e
e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f a
an
ny
y p
pl
la
ac
ce
e b
be
ei
in
ng
g c
cl
lo
os
se
ed
d,
, a
an
ny
y p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
r
re
es
si
id
di
in
ng
g i
in
n o
or
r b
be
ei
in
ng
g i
in
n c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h p
pl
la
ac
ce
e
s
sh
ha
al
ll
l o
on
n d
de
em
ma
an
nd
d o
of
f t
th
he
e o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r o
or
r o
ot
th
he
er
r p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
e
ex
xe
ec
cu
ut
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t a
an
nd
d o
on
n t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f t
th
he
e w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t a
al
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g f
fr
re
ee
e i
in
ng
gr
re
es
ss
s t
th
he
er
re
et
to
o.
.
A
As
s a
al
ls
so
o a
af
ff
fo
or
rd
d a
al
ll
l r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
e f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ti
ie
es
s f
fo
or
r a
a
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h t
th
he
er
re
ei
in
n.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f a
an
ny
y p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
s
su
us
sp
pe
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e c
co
on
nc
ce
ea
al
li
in
ng
g a
an
ny
y a
ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e,
, a
a
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e m
ma
ad
de
e
s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t t
to
o h
ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r r
re
es
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s t
th
ha
at
t a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
o
of
f a
an
ny
y w
wo
om
ma
an
n c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y a
a w
wo
om
ma
an
n.
.
1
12
2.
.1
10
0.
. D
Du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h i
in
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
10
02
2 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, a
an
ny
y p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r i
it
te
em
m
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e s
se
ei
iz
ze
ed
d b
by
y a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
ti
in
ng
g a
a
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
on
n f
fu
ul
lf
fi
il
ll
li
in
ng
g c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n c
cr
ri
it
te
er
ri
ia
a.
.

86
WP No.11759/2020
1
12
2.
.1
11
1.
. I
In
n v
vi
ie
ew
w o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e,
, t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d C
Ch
ha
ap
pt
te
er
r V
VI
II
I
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s s
se
ev
ve
er
ra
al
l p
po
ow
we
er
rs
s t
to
o t
th
he
e P
Po
ol
li
ic
ce
e o
or
r
M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
es
s,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
ou
ul
ld
d i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e t
th
he
e p
po
ow
we
er
r t
to
o
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d s
se
ei
iz
ze
e a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r,
,
s
se
er
rv
ve
er
r o
or
r a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c i
it
te
em
m o
or
r
e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t.
.
1
12
2.
.1
12
2.
. A
A s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d s
se
ei
iz
zu
ur
re
e o
of
f a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e c
ca
an
n
a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e p
pe
er
rm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d i
in
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s a
as
s c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
ne
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e C
Cr
r.
. P
P.
.C
C.
. A
As
s
o
ob
bs
se
er
rv
ve
ed
d a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e,
, i
in
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
10
00
0 o
of
f
C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, e
ev
ve
en
n a
a c
cl
lo
os
se
ed
d p
pl
la
ac
ce
e c
ca
an
n b
be
e s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
he
ed
d
b
by
y t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
ns
s s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
hi
in
ng
g d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g a
an
ny
y p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
i
in
nc
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e o
of
f a
a p
pl
la
ac
ce
e t
to
o o
op
pe
en
n t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e a
an
nd
d
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e a
al
ll
l f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ty
y.
. I
It
t i
is
s i
in
n t
th
he
e b
ba
ac
ck
kg
gr
ro
ou
un
nd
d o
of
f
t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
t o
of
f
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c
e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g a
an
n e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t w
wi
il
ll
l
h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d.
.

87
WP No.11759/2020
S
Se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d S
Se
ei
iz
zu
ur
re
e i
in
n E
Em
me
er
rg
ge
en
nt
t c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s
1
12
2.
.1
13
3.
. I
It
t m
ma
ay
y h
ha
ap
pp
pe
en
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
er
re
e m
ma
ay
y a
ar
ri
is
se
e c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n
e
em
me
er
rg
ge
en
nc
ci
ie
es
s o
or
r e
ex
xi
ig
ge
en
nc
ci
ie
es
s f
fo
or
r a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f a
a
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t t
to
o b
be
e
c
ca
ar
rr
ri
ie
ed
d o
ou
ut
t l
li
ik
ke
e i
if
f t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a i
is
s g
go
oi
in
ng
g t
to
o b
be
e
i
im
mm
me
ed
di
ia
at
te
el
ly
y d
de
es
st
tr
ro
oy
ye
ed
d,
, t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a d
da
an
ng
ge
er
r o
of
f
e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f b
be
ei
in
ng
g d
de
es
st
tr
ro
oy
ye
ed
d,
, t
th
he
e
p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f t
th
he
e e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t n
no
ot
t b
be
ei
in
ng
g
a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e,
, e
et
tc
c.
.
1
12
2.
.1
14
4.
. I
In
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
10
02
2 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, i
if
f t
th
he
er
re
e
a
ar
re
e a
an
ny
y e
em
me
er
rg
ge
en
nc
cy
y c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s,
, t
th
he
e P
Po
ol
li
ic
ce
e
O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r c
co
ou
ul
ld
d s
se
ei
iz
ze
e t
th
he
e e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t;
; i
if
f t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s
a
an
ny
y s
su
us
sp
pi
ic
ci
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t e
ei
it
th
he
er
r t
th
he
e o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
t h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n
s
st
to
ol
le
en
n o
or
r w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
cr
re
ea
at
te
e s
su
us
sp
pi
ic
ci
io
on
n o
of
f
c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
ny
y o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e.
.
1
12
2.
.1
15
5.
. T
Th
he
e s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
t a
as
s r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
ds
s o
of
f s
su
us
sp
pi
ic
ci
io
on
n o
of
f

88
WP No.11759/2020
a
an
ny
y c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
ny
y o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e i
is
s w
wi
id
de
e
e
en
no
ou
ug
gh
h t
to
o c
co
ov
ve
er
r a
a p
pl
le
et
th
ho
or
ra
a o
of
f s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
T
Th
hu
us
s,
, i
in
n a
an
n e
em
me
er
rg
ge
en
nt
t s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e P
Po
ol
li
ic
ce
e
O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r c
co
ou
ul
ld
d s
se
ei
iz
ze
e t
th
he
e e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t.
.
1
12
2.
.1
16
6.
. In emergent circumstances, it cannot be
expected of the Investigating officer to rush
to a court of Law to obtain a warrant, such a
requirement would amount to negating their
powers and impinging on their functions.
When there is adequate time to obtain a
warrant, the same ought to be obtained,
however, if an urgent search is to be
conducted and it may be difficult to get a
search warrant, certain safeguards will have
to be observed and conditions fulfilled.
1
12
2.
.1
17
7.
. There must exist reasonable grounds for
believing that it is necessary for carrying out

89
WP No.11759/2020
a search of the Smartphoe or Electronic
Equipment with expediency and that if such a
search is not conducted immediately, the
conduct of the offence may be expedited
and/or the evidence thereof be lost.
1
12
2.
.1
18
8.
. In such a scenario, there must be a recording
in writing made by the Investigating officer,
specifying in writing as far as possible the
reasons for conducting such a search without
a warrant. The objective satisfaction by such
officer of the emergent nature of the search
has to be recorded in writing in sufficient
detail. Unless these conditions are fulfilled, a
search without a warrant would be without
jurisdiction, these conditions are necessary to
safeguard the interest of the person and or
organization searched, more so when a
search so conducted would also impinge on

90
WP No.11759/2020
the right to privacy of such a person.
1
12
2.
.1
19
9.
. I
In
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
65
5 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, i
if
f t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n h
ha
as
s r
re
ea
as
so
on
na
ab
bl
le
e g
gr
ro
ou
un
nd
ds
s f
fo
or
r
b
be
el
li
ie
ev
vi
in
ng
g t
th
ha
at
t a
an
ny
yt
th
hi
in
ng
g r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e f
fo
ou
un
nd
d i
in
n a
a
p
pl
la
ac
ce
e w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n t
th
he
e l
li
im
mi
it
ts
s o
of
f h
hi
is
s p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e s
st
ta
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
he
e i
is
s i
in
nc
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e o
of
f o
or
r a
at
tt
ta
ac
ch
he
ed
d t
to
o,
, h
he
e
m
ma
ay
y w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t d
de
el
la
ay
y a
af
ft
te
er
r r
re
ec
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g i
in
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e g
gr
ro
ou
un
nd
ds
s f
fo
or
r b
be
el
li
ie
ef
f a
an
nd
d s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fy
yi
in
ng
g i
in
n
w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g a
as
s f
fa
ar
r a
as
s p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e,
, t
th
he
e t
th
hi
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h i
is
s t
to
o b
be
e m
ma
ad
de
e,
, s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
ny
y p
pl
la
ac
ce
e w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n
h
hi
is
s l
li
im
mi
it
ts
s o
of
f j
ju
ur
ri
is
sd
di
ic
ct
ti
io
on
n.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
he
e c
co
op
pi
ie
es
s
o
of
f a
an
ny
y r
re
ec
co
or
rd
d m
ma
ad
de
e t
to
o c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
t s
su
uc
ch
h a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e s
se
en
nt
t t
to
o t
th
he
e M
Ma
ag
gi
is
st
tr
ra
at
te
e
e
em
mp
po
ow
we
er
re
ed
d t
to
o t
ta
ak
ke
e c
co
og
gn
ni
iz
za
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
an
n o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e
a
an
nd
d a
a r
re
ec
co
or
rd
d o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e.
. T
Th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t r
re
ea
as
so
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e

91
WP No.11759/2020
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e m
ma
ay
y b
be
e i
il
ll
le
eg
ga
al
l,
, t
th
he
e i
il
ll
le
eg
ga
al
li
it
ty
y o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t m
ma
ak
ke
e a
an
ny
y s
se
ei
iz
zu
ur
re
e m
ma
ad
de
e
d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h i
in
na
ad
dm
mi
is
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e a
as
s h
he
el
ld
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e A
Ap
pe
ex
x C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f D
Dr
r.
.P
Pr
ra
at
ta
ap
p
S
Si
in
ng
gh
h v
vs
s.
. D
Di
ir
re
ec
ct
to
or
r o
of
f E
En
nf
fo
or
rc
ce
em
me
en
nt
t
F
Fo
or
re
ei
ig
gn
n E
Ex
xc
ch
ha
an
ng
ge
e R
Re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s
r
re
ep
po
or
rt
te
ed
d i
in
n (
(1
19
98
85
5)
) 3
3 S
SC
CC
C 7
72
2.
. H
Ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
he
e
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
ts
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e c
ca
au
ut
ti
io
ou
us
s w
wh
hi
il
le
e
d
de
ea
al
li
in
ng
g w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e c
co
ol
ll
le
ec
ct
te
ed
d i
in
n s
su
uc
ch
h a
an
n
i
il
ll
le
eg
ga
al
l s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h.
.
S
Se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d S
Se
ei
iz
zu
ur
re
e d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
ar
r o
or
rd
di
in
na
ar
ry
y
c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n
1
12
2.
.2
20
0.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h i
is
s r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e c
ca
ar
rr
ri
ie
ed
d o
ou
ut
t i
in
n a
a
n
no
or
rm
ma
al
l a
an
nd
d r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
ar
r c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f a
an
n
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n,
, i
in
n t
th
ha
at
t s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
to
or
r o
or
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d
h
ha
av
ve
e s
su
uf
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nt
t t
ti
im
me
e t
to
o p
pl
la
an
n o
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r o
of
f
c
ca
ar
rr
ry
yi
in
ng
g o
ou
ut
t s
su
uc
ch
h a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
as
s t
th
he
er
re
e b
be
ei
in
ng
g n
no
o

92
WP No.11759/2020
e
em
me
er
rg
ge
en
nc
cy
y o
or
r i
im
mm
me
ed
di
ia
at
te
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
em
me
en
nt
t o
of
f
c
ca
ar
rr
ry
yi
in
ng
g o
ou
ut
t s
su
uc
ch
h s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h.
.
1
12
2.
.2
21
1.
. T
Th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r c
co
ou
ul
ld
d i
is
ss
su
ue
e a
a n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e
u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
91
1 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, c
ca
al
ll
li
in
ng
g u
up
po
on
n t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
or
r a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n t
to
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e a
an
ny
y
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t o
or
r e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t a
as
s s
st
ta
at
te
ed
d
a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e.
. I
If
f n
no
ot
t s
so
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d,
, a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e s
so
ou
ug
gh
ht
t f
fo
or
r f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f l
la
aw
w.
. B
Be
e
t
th
ha
at
t a
as
s i
it
t m
ma
ay
y w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t i
is
ss
su
ua
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e
u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
91
1 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d i
in
na
as
sm
mu
uc
ch
h a
as
s t
th
he
e i
is
ss
su
ua
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a
n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
91
1 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
. P
P.
.C
C.
. i
is
s n
no
ot
t a
a
p
pr
re
e-
-c
co
on
nd
di
it
ti
io
on
n f
fo
or
r i
is
ss
su
ua
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t
u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 9
93
3 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
. P
P.
.C
C.
. O
On
nc
ce
e a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h
w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t i
is
s i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d a
an
nd
d r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
o
or
r a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
it
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e t
th
he
e o
ob
bl
li
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n t
to
o p
pe
er
rm
mi
it
t t
th
he
e s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r t
to
o
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t o
or
r t
th
hi
in
ng
g c
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d u
up
po
on
n.
.

93
WP No.11759/2020
1
12
2.
.2
22
2.
. While issuing a search warrant, the concerned
Court would have to indicate as to what
smart phone, electronic equipment or email
account is to be searched. The role of the
same in the crime, the nature of search to be
done, place where the search has to be done
as also specifically interdict the persons
carrying out the search from disclosing the
material and/or data procured during the
course of the said search to a third party. So
as to preserve the privacy of the concerned.
1
12
2.
.2
23
3.
. T
Th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
is
si
io
on
ns
s r
re
ef
fe
er
rr
re
ed
d t
to
o a
an
nd
d m
me
en
nt
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d
d
de
ea
al
ls
s w
wi
it
th
h s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d s
se
ei
iz
zu
ur
re
e.
. E
El
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c
e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t o
oc
cc
cu
up
pi
ie
es
s a
a s
sl
li
ig
gh
ht
tl
ly
y d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
t
p
po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n,
, i
in
n t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t i
is
s n
no
ot
t o
on
nl
ly
y t
th
he
e s
se
ei
iz
zu
ur
re
e o
of
f
t
th
he
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, b
bu
ut
t o
on
nc
ce
e i
it
t i
is
s
s
se
ei
iz
ze
ed
d,
, t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t i
is
s r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e
o
op
pe
en
ne
ed
d m
mo
or
re
e o
of
ft
te
en
n t
th
ha
an
n n
no
ot
t s
su
uc
ch
h e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t

94
WP No.11759/2020
a
ar
re
e l
lo
oc
ck
ke
ed
d b
by
y p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y.
. T
Th
hu
us
s,
, f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f
o
op
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a o
on
n t
th
he
e
s
sa
ai
id
d e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, i
it
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
or
r p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
in
n c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e a
a p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e
o
or
r o
op
pe
en
n t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e u
us
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s.
.
1
12
2.
.2
24
4.
. A
As
s m
me
en
nt
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e,
, i
in
n t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
10
00
0
o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
PC
C.
.,
, a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
in
n c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e o
of
f a
a c
cl
lo
os
se
ed
d p
pl
la
ac
ce
e
i
is
s a
al
ls
so
o r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o p
pe
er
rm
mi
it
t s
su
uc
ch
h s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h a
an
nd
d,
, i
in
n
f
fa
ac
ct
t,
, f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ta
at
te
e s
su
uc
ch
h s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h.
.
1
12
2.
.2
25
5.
. A
Ap
pp
pl
ly
yi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
e t
to
o a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
,
e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t o
or
r a
an
n e
em
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t,
, i
it
t
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
bu
ut
t b
be
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
or
r a
a
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
in
n c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e o
of
f e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t t
to
o
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s
t
to
o o
op
pe
en
n t
th
he
e S
Sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r

95
WP No.11759/2020
e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t o
or
r e
em
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t.
.
1
12
2.
.2
26
6.
. I
It
t i
is
s t
th
he
es
se
e a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t c
ci
ir
rc
cu
um
ms
st
ta
an
nc
ce
es
s.
.
S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 6
69
9(
(1
1)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e I
IT
T A
Ac
ct
t e
em
mp
po
ow
we
er
rs
s t
th
he
e
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
if
fi
ie
ed
d o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
rs
s t
to
o p
pa
as
ss
s o
or
rd
de
er
rs
s c
co
om
mp
pe
el
ll
li
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e d
de
ec
cr
ry
yp
pt
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
ny
y i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n,
, g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
at
te
ed
d,
,
t
tr
ra
an
ns
sm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
ed
d o
or
r s
st
to
or
re
ed
d i
in
n a
a c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r
r
re
es
so
ou
ur
rc
ce
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e a
a
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e.
.
1
12
2.
.2
27
7.
. W
Wh
he
en
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y i
is
s s
sa
at
ti
is
sf
fi
ie
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t i
is
s
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f a
an
ny
y
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
nt
to
o a
an
ny
y o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e,
, h
ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, a
an
n
o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r,
, b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e o
or
rd
de
er
ri
in
ng
g s
su
uc
ch
h d
de
ec
cr
ry
yp
pt
ti
io
on
n,
, i
is
s
r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o r
re
ec
co
or
rd
d i
in
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e r
re
ea
as
so
on
ns
s f
fo
or
r
c
ca
al
ll
li
in
ng
g u
up
po
on
n f
fo
or
r s
su
uc
ch
h d
de
ec
cr
ry
yp
pt
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
m
t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n i
if
f
h
he
e d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t c
co
om
mp
pl
ly
y w
wi
it
th
h a
a r
re
eq
qu
ue
es
st
t.
.

96
WP No.11759/2020
1
12
2.
.2
28
8.
. Search and seizure are important weapons in
the hands of the officers concerned therefore
it is but required that such powers should be
exercised with due circumspection and
discretion, and the same should not result in
harassment of innocent persons. When a
search is made with a warrant, the procedure
required to be followed is stated in the Cr.
P.C, which need to be so followed. Even
when a search is made without a search
warrant, it would be treated that such a
search or consequent seizure is
conducted/made the safeguards enshrined
under the Cr. P.C.
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
. As observed above, the officers conducting a
search are required to comply with the
procedural requirements of Cr.P.C, some of
them though not exhaustive,are enumerated

97
WP No.11759/2020
hereunder:
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
.1
1.
. A lady officer is required to be present
if the accused is a lady or if the
equipment is located in a place where
there are ladies present.
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
.2
2.
. The search and seizure should
normally be done after sunrise and
before sunset. However, if it is
conducted after sunset and before
sunrise, the grounds as to why it was
felt necessary to take such action
should be recorded and copy of the
grounds so recorded must be sent
within 72 Hours to the immediate
official superior.
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
.3
3.
. The officers before starting the search
are required to disclose their identity

98
WP No.11759/2020
by showing their identity cards to the
owner of the premises.
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
.4
4.
. Search should be made in the
presence of two independent and
respected witnesses of the locality.
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
.5
5.
. A Panchnama / Mahazar, should be
prepared on the spot which contains
the proceedings of the search. A list
of all goods, documents recovered
and seized/detained should be
prepared and annexed to the
Panchnama/Mahazar. This document
and the list of things seized needs is
to be signed by the witnesses and the
owner of the premises before whom
the search is conducted and also by
the officers who are carrying out the

99
WP No.11759/2020
said search.
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
.6
6.
. After examination of the seized goods
or things by the authority, the same
to be sent for any technical/forensic
examination within a period of 72
hours thereof.
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
.7
7.
. A search and seizure report to be
prepared containing the details of the
conduct of the search and outcome,
containing the names of the officers
and other persons including the
panchas and witnesses who
participated in the search.
1
12
2.
.2
29
9.
.8
8.
. A copy of the Panchnama / Mahazar
prepared to be furnished to the
person in- charge/owner of the
premises being searched under

100
WP No.11759/2020
acknowledgement.
1
13
3.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O Q
QU
UE
ES
ST
TI
IO
ON
N N
NO
O.
.6
6:
:Would the data
gathered from a smartphone and/or email
account ipso facto prove the guilt of the
accused?
1
13
3.
.1
1.
. S
Si
in
nc
ce
e,
, a
as
s s
st
ta
at
te
ed
d a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e,
, a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e c
ca
an
n
c
co
on
nt
ta
ai
in
n h
hu
um
mo
on
ng
go
ou
us
s d
da
at
ta
a,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y i
in
ns
so
of
fa
ar
r a
as
s t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n o
ow
wn
ni
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, i
is
s c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ne
ed
d a
an
nd
d i
it
t i
is
s i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s
b
ba
ac
ck
kg
gr
ro
ou
un
nd
d,
, w
we
e h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
r t
th
he
e
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g o
of
f a
a p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s a
an
nd
d w
wh
he
et
th
he
er
r m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e,
, t
th
hi
is
s
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
l w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o
g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g o
of
f t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y a
an
nd
d o
or
r a
a s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t i
in
n
t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
61
1 o
of
f C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.
1
13
3.
.2
2.
. O
On
n a
a n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e b
be
ei
in
ng
g i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
16
60
0 o
of
f
C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.,
, a
an
ny
y w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
ne
ed
d b
by
y

101
WP No.11759/2020
t
th
he
e p
po
ol
li
ic
ce
e,
, t
th
he
e w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f.
.
1
13
3.
.3
3.
. S
Su
uc
ch
h a
a s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t n
ne
ee
ed
ds
s t
to
o b
be
e r
re
ed
du
uc
ce
ed
d t
to
o i
in
n
w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g w
wh
he
er
re
ei
in
n s
su
uc
ch
h p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
is
s r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o
a
an
ns
sw
we
er
r a
al
ll
l q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s r
re
el
la
at
ti
in
ng
g t
to
o s
su
uc
ch
h c
ca
as
se
e,
,
o
ot
th
he
er
r t
th
ha
an
n t
th
he
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, t
th
he
e a
an
ns
sw
we
er
r t
to
o
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
th
he
e t
te
en
nd
de
en
nc
cy
y t
to
o e
ex
xp
po
os
se
e
h
hi
im
m t
to
o a
a c
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
al
l c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e o
or
r a
a p
pe
en
na
al
lt
ty
y o
or
r
f
fo
or
rf
fe
ei
it
tu
ur
re
e.
. T
Th
ha
at
t b
be
ei
in
ng
g a
a r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ro
ot
te
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f
s
se
el
lf
f-
-i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n a
as
s e
en
ns
sh
hr
ri
in
ne
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r A
Ar
rt
ti
ic
cl
le
e
2
20
0 o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
ti
io
on
n o
of
f I
In
nd
di
ia
a.
.
1
13
3.
.4
4.
. T
Th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h M
Mr
r T
Ti
ig
ga
ad
di
i,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
R
Re
es
sp
po
on
nd
de
en
nt
t c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e o
of
f
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d i
is
s i
in
n t
th
he
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f g
gi
iv
vi
in
ng
g s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n
s
si
ig
gn
na
at
tu
ur
re
es
s o
or
r h
ha
an
nd
dw
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e a
a
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d u
un
nd
de
er
r S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 3
31
11
1-
-A
A
o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Cr
r.
. P
P.
.C
C,
, I
I'
'm
m o
of
f t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n

102
WP No.11759/2020
t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g o
of
f a
a p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s i
is
s m
mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n t
th
ha
at
t,
, a
an
nd
d a
a d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d i
in
n t
th
ha
at
t m
ma
an
nn
ne
er
r.
.
1
13
3.
.5
5.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
B
Bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s b
be
ei
in
ng
g p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r g
ga
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e
s
sa
ai
id
d s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t
o
or
r e
em
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t,
, t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a s
so
o g
ga
at
th
he
er
re
ed
d w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d
h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e t
tr
re
ea
at
te
ed
d a
as
s a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t
a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
t s
se
ec
cu
ur
re
ed
d d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g l
li
ik
ke
e i
in
n t
th
he
e c
ca
as
se
e o
of
f s
se
ec
cu
ur
ri
in
ng
g a
a
m
mu
ur
rd
de
er
r w
we
ea
ap
po
on
n.
. T
Th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f
p
pr
ro
ov
ve
e t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d h
ha
as
s c
co
om
mm
mi
it
tt
te
ed
d t
th
he
e
m
mu
ur
rd
de
er
r,
, s
si
im
mi
il
la
ar
rl
ly
y,
, t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a g
ga
at
th
he
er
re
ed
d b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t p
pr
ro
ov
ve
e t
th
he
e g
gu
ui
il
lt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d.
. T
Th
he
e
d
da
at
ta
a g
ga
at
th
he
er
re
ed
d w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e p
pr
ro
ov
ve
ed
d
d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e t
tr
ri
ia
al
l a
as
s d
do
on
ne
e i
in
n a
an
ny
y
o
ot
th
he
er
r m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r.
.

103
WP No.11759/2020
1
14
4.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O.
.7
7:
:Would providing a
password, passcode or Biometrics amount to
self-incrimination or testimonial compulsion?
1
14
4.
.1
1.
. A
As
s r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
ds
s t
th
he
e c
co
on
nt
te
en
nt
ti
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g o
of
f
t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d/
/p
pa
as
ss
s c
co
od
de
e w
wi
il
ll
l a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o
t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n,
, I
I a
am
m o
of
f t
th
he
e
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s n
no
o t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s g
gi
iv
ve
en
n b
by
y t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d b
by
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s b
by
y
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t i
is
s b
be
ei
in
ng
g a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r.
.
1
14
4.
.2
2.
. T
Th
he
e X
XI
I J
Ju
ud
dg
ge
e B
Be
en
nc
ch
h o
of
f t
th
he
e A
Ap
pe
ex
x C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n
K
Ka
at
th
hi
i K
Ka
al
lu
u O
Og
gh
ha
ad
d’
’s
s c
ca
as
se
e h
ha
as
s c
ca
at
te
eg
go
or
ri
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y
h
he
el
ld
d t
th
ha
at
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g o
of
f a
a t
th
hu
um
mb
b i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
or
r
i
im
mp
pr
re
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
al
lm
m o
or
r f
fo
oo
ot
t o
or
r f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
rs
s o
or
r
s
sp
pe
ec
ci
im
me
en
n i
in
n w
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g o
or
r e
ex
xp
po
os
si
in
ng
g a
a p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e
b
bo
od
dy
y o
of
f a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f
i
id
de
en
nt
ti
if
fi
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l

104
WP No.11759/2020
c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n.
. M
Me
er
re
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g o
of
f a
an
n a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s o
of
f t
to
o
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t
a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o b
be
ei
in
ng
g a
a w
wi
it
tn
ne
es
ss
s,
, t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n
t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r
o
on
n t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t
b
be
ei
in
ng
g o
on
nl
ly
y a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
ts
s,
, i
it
t i
is
s f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r
t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
ve
e a
an
nd
d e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
h t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e i
in
n a
a C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f
L
La
aw
w b
by
y f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
wi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
ab
bl
le
e R
Ru
ul
le
es
s o
of
f
e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
.
1
14
4.
.3
3.
. M
Me
er
re
el
ly
y b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e a
an
ny
y d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t i
is
s p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t o
or
r
a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e o
on
n t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r t
th
he
e e
e-
-
m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t b
by
y i
it
ts
se
el
lf
f e
es
st
ta
ab
bl
li
is
sh
h t
th
he
e
g
gu
ui
il
lt
t o
or
r i
in
nn
no
oc
ce
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
an
n a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d.
. B
Bo
ot
th
h t
th
he
e
p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n,
, a
as
s a
al
ls
so
o t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d/
/d
de
ef
fe
en
nc
ce
e
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
ve
e t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t o
or
r d
da
at
ta
a b
by
y o
ot
th
he
er
r e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e a
al
ls
so
o.
.

105
WP No.11759/2020
1
14
4.
.4
4.
. I
If
f t
th
he
e s
su
ub
bm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f M
Mr
r.
.H
Ha
as
sm
ma
at
th
h P
Pa
as
sh
ha
a,
,
l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d S
Se
en
ni
io
or
r c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e a
ac
cc
ce
ep
pt
te
ed
d,
,
t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d r
re
es
su
ul
lt
t i
in
n a
a c
ch
ha
ao
ot
ti
ic
c s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n:
:
1
14
4.
.4
4.
.1
1.
. N
No
o b
bl
lo
oo
od
d s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s c
ca
an
n b
be
e t
ta
ak
ke
en
n;
;
1
14
4.
.4
4.
.2
2.
. n
no
o s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e f
fo
or
r D
DN
NA
A a
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e
t
ta
ak
ke
en
n;
;
1
14
4.
.4
4.
.3
3.
. n
no
o h
ha
an
nd
dw
wr
ri
it
ti
in
ng
g s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s c
ca
an
n b
be
e t
ta
ak
ke
en
n;
;
1
14
4.
.4
4.
.4
4.
. n
no
o o
ot
th
he
er
r b
bo
od
dy
y s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f
D
DN
NA
A a
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e t
ta
ak
ke
en
n
1
14
4.
.4
4.
.5
5.
. N
No
o s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h o
of
f a
a h
ho
ou
us
se
e o
or
r o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
e c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e
u
un
nd
de
er
rt
ta
ak
ke
en
n.
.
1
14
4.
.4
4.
.6
6.
. T
Th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a o
of
f a
a l
la
ap
pt
to
op
p o
or
r c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r o
or
r
s
se
er
rv
ve
er
r c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r.
.
1
14
4.
.4
4.
.7
7.
. o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
es
s l
li
ik
ke
e c
cy
yb
be
er
r c
cr
ri
im
me
e c
co
ou
ul
ld
d n
ne
ev
ve
er
r b
be
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
te
ed
d.
.

106
WP No.11759/2020
1
14
4.
.4
4.
.8
8.
. O
Of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
es
s l
li
ik
ke
e p
po
or
rn
no
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hy
y,
, c
ch
hi
il
ld
d
p
po
or
rn
no
og
gr
ra
ap
ph
hy
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ar
re
e m
mo
or
re
e o
of
ft
te
en
n
t
th
ha
an
n n
no
ot
t,
, o
on
n t
th
he
e i
in
nt
te
er
rn
ne
et
t,
, c
co
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t b
be
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
te
ed
d.
.
1
14
4.
.5
5.
. A
A d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e a
a p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e,
,
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l
c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n.
. I
It
t i
is
s o
on
nl
ly
y i
in
n t
th
he
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f a
a
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
e a
a d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t.
. M
Me
er
re
e
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o s
se
el
lf
f-
-
i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n s
si
in
nc
ce
e i
it
t i
is
s f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
ve
e i
it
ts
s a
al
ll
le
eg
ga
at
ti
io
on
n b
by
y c
co
og
ge
en
nt
t
m
ma
at
te
er
ri
ia
al
l e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
.
1
14
4.
.6
6.
. T
Th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e o
on
n a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e p
pr
ro
ov
ve
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y i
in
n a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
da
an
nc
ce
e w
wi
it
th
h L
La
aw
w.
.
M
Me
er
re
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g o
of
f p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r

107
WP No.11759/2020
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o a
an
ns
sw
we
er
ri
in
ng
g
a
an
ny
y q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n p
pu
ut
t f
fo
or
rw
wa
ar
rd
d b
by
y t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r,
, a
an
nd
d a
as
s s
su
uc
ch
h,
, i
it
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o a
a
v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f S
Se
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n 1
15
51
1(
(2
2)
) o
of
f t
th
he
e C
Cr
r.
.P
P.
.C
C.
.
1
14
4.
.7
7.
. A
As
s c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d b
by
y S
Sr
ri
i.
.V
Ve
er
ra
an
nn
na
a T
Ti
ig
ga
ad
di
i,
, l
le
ea
ar
rn
ne
ed
d
c
co
ou
un
ns
se
el
l p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e,
,
p
pi
in
n,
, b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s i
is
s a
ak
ki
in
n t
to
o f
fi
in
ng
ge
er
r p
pr
ri
in
nt
ti
in
ng
g
a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g i
im
mp
pr
ri
in
nt
ts
s o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sh
ho
oe
es
s,
, s
so
ol
le
es
s a
an
nd
d
o
or
r t
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
e o
of
f t
th
he
e c
cl
lo
ot
th
he
es
s,
, b
bi
io
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l
s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s,
, c
ch
he
em
mi
ic
ca
al
l s
sa
am
mp
pl
le
es
s,
, e
et
tc
c,
, s
sa
am
me
e c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t
a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o f
fo
or
rc
ce
ed
d t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ny
y o
on
n p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d.
. O
On
n t
th
he
e e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a i
in
n
t
th
he
e t
te
el
le
ep
ph
ho
on
ne
e/
/m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r o
on
n t
th
he
e
c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r,
, e
et
tc
c,
, p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o
p
pr
ro
ov
ve
e t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e b
by
y c
co
og
ge
en
nt
t e
ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e.
.
1
14
4.
.8
8.
. B
By
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g o
of
f p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s,
, t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s n
no
o o
or
ra
al
l s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t o
or
r a
a

108
WP No.11759/2020
w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n s
st
ta
at
te
em
me
en
nt
t b
be
ei
in
ng
g m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d
l
li
ik
ke
e t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r h
he
er
re
ei
in
n,
, t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e i
it
t c
ca
an
n n
no
ot
t
b
be
e s
sa
ai
id
d t
to
o b
be
e t
te
es
st
ti
im
mo
on
ni
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pu
ul
ls
si
io
on
n.
.
1
15
5.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O Q
QU
UE
ES
ST
TI
IO
ON
N N
NO
O.
.8
8:
:Would providing
of password, passcode or Biometrics violate
the right to privacy of a person providing the
said password, passcode or Biometrics?
1
15
5.
.1
1.
. T
Th
hi
is
s a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
t i
is
s t
to
o b
be
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d i
in
n l
li
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f t
th
he
e
p
pr
ri
in
nc
ci
ip
pl
le
es
s p
pr
ro
op
po
ou
un
nd
de
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e A
Ap
pe
ex
x
C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e P
Pu
ut
tt
ta
as
sw
wa
am
my
y’
’s
s c
ca
as
se
e s
su
up
pr
ra
a.
.
M
Mo
or
re
e s
so
o,
, i
in
n v
vi
ie
ew
w o
of
f t
th
he
e f
fa
ac
ct
t t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e o
on
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t b
be
ei
in
ng
g p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l i
in
n n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e
c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e m
mi
is
su
us
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d
c
co
om
me
e i
in
nt
to
o p
po
os
ss
se
es
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l d
da
at
ta
a w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h
a
ar
re
e h
he
el
ld
d s
se
ec
cr
re
et
t b
by
y t
th
ha
at
t p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h h
ha
av
ve
e
n
no
ot
th
hi
in
ng
g t
to
o d
do
o w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n a
at
t a
al
ll
l
m
mo
or
re
e s
so
o s
si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
er
re
e c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e a
a s
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
t

109
WP No.11759/2020
c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
rt
tm
me
en
nt
ta
al
li
is
sa
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f d
da
at
ta
a a
as
s p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l o
or
r
n
no
ot
t p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l i
in
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t b
be
el
lo
on
ng
gi
in
ng
g
t
to
o a
a p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n o
or
r i
in
n t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t.
.
1
15
5.
.2
2.
. O
On
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y h
ha
as
s a
an
n a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s
t
to
o a
a e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t m
mo
or
re
e p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
rl
ly
y
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
t p
ph
ho
on
ne
es
s a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r l
la
ap
pt
to
op
ps
s,
, t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r h
ha
as
s a
a f
fr
re
ee
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o a
al
ll
l
d
da
at
ta
a n
no
ot
t o
on
nl
ly
y o
on
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t b
bu
ut
t a
al
ls
so
o
a
an
ny
y c
cl
lo
ou
ud
d s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e t
th
ha
at
t m
ma
ay
y b
be
e c
co
on
nn
ne
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o
t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
ou
ul
ld
d i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
na
al
l d
de
et
ta
ai
il
ls
s,
, f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l t
tr
ra
an
ns
sa
ac
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s,
,
p
pr
ri
iv
vi
il
le
eg
ge
ed
d c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e l
li
ik
ke
e.
.
1
15
5.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e r
ru
ul
le
es
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ar
re
e a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o p
ph
hy
ys
si
ic
ca
al
l
d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t w
wh
he
er
re
e a
a p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r d
do
oc
cu
um
me
en
nt
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d
b
be
e c
cl
la
as
ss
si
if
fi
ie
ed
d a
as
s a
a p
pr
ri
iv
vi
il
le
eg
ge
ed
d c
co
om
mm
mu
un
ni
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r s
st
tr
ri
ic
ct
tl
ly
y p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e a
an
nd
d c
co
on
nf
fi
id
de
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t
a
ap
pp
pl
ly
y t
to
o t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s s
st
to
or
re
ed
d o
on
n a
a

110
WP No.11759/2020
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c
e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t s
si
in
nc
ce
e o
on
nc
ce
e a
an
n i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r
h
ha
as
s a
an
n a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
,
e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t,
, h
he
e
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e c
co
om
mp
pl
le
et
te
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a.
.
1
15
5.
.4
4.
. S
Su
uc
ch
h d
da
at
ta
a t
th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h m
ma
ay
y n
no
ot
t b
be
e i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
to
or
ry
y,
,
m
ma
ay
y b
be
e v
ve
er
ry
y p
pr
ri
iv
va
at
te
e o
or
r s
se
ec
cr
re
et
t t
to
o t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
o
or
r s
su
uc
ch
h d
da
at
ta
a c
co
ou
ul
ld
d i
in
nc
cr
ri
im
mi
in
na
at
te
e t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n i
in
n a
an
ny
y p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r o
of
ff
fe
en
nc
ce
e.
.
1
15
5.
.5
5.
. T
Th
he
e u
us
se
e o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h d
da
at
ta
a d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t a
am
mo
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o a
a v
vi
io
ol
la
at
ti
io
on
n
o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t t
to
o p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y a
an
nd
d w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d c
co
om
me
e w
wi
it
th
hi
in
n
t
th
he
e e
ex
xc
ce
ep
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s c
ca
ar
rv
ve
ed
d o
ou
ut
t i
in
n J
Ju
us
st
ti
ic
ce
e
P
Pu
ut
tt
ta
as
sw
wa
am
my
y’
’s
s c
ca
as
se
e s
su
up
pr
ra
a,
, h
ho
ow
we
ev
ve
er
r,
, t
th
he
e
d
di
is
sc
cl
lo
os
su
ur
re
e,
, m
ma
ak
ki
in
ng
g p
pu
ub
bl
li
ic
c o
or
r o
ot
th
he
er
rw
wi
is
se
e i
in
n
c
co
ou
ur
rt
t p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
di
in
ng
gs
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e
d
de
et
te
er
rm
mi
in
ne
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ne
ed
d j
ju
ud
dg
ge
e b
by
y

111
WP No.11759/2020
p
pa
as
ss
si
in
ng
g a
a j
ju
ud
di
ic
ci
ia
al
l o
or
rd
de
er
r.
. I
In
n n
no
o c
ca
as
se
e c
co
ou
ul
ld
d
s
su
uc
ch
h d
de
et
ta
ai
il
ls
s o
or
r d
da
at
ta
a b
be
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r t
to
o a
an
ny
y t
th
hi
ir
rd
d p
pa
ar
rt
ty
y d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e
w
wr
ri
it
tt
te
en
n p
pe
er
rm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rt
t s
se
ei
iz
ze
ed
d o
of
f t
th
he
e
m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r.
. T
Th
he
e r
re
es
sp
po
on
ns
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f s
sa
af
fe
eg
gu
ua
ar
rd
di
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n o
or
r d
da
at
ta
a w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
ou
ul
ld
d i
im
mp
pi
in
ng
ge
e o
on
n
t
th
he
e p
pr
ri
iv
va
ac
cy
y o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n w
wi
il
ll
l a
al
lw
wa
ay
ys
s b
be
e t
th
ha
at
t
o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r,
, i
if
f t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e i
is
s
f
fo
ou
un
nd
d t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ee
en
n f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
he
ed
d t
to
o a
an
ny
y t
th
hi
ir
rd
d
p
pa
ar
rt
ty
y t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e
p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ee
ed
de
ed
d a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t f
fo
or
r d
de
er
re
el
li
ic
ct
ti
io
on
n o
of
f d
du
ut
ty
y o
or
r
s
su
uc
ch
h o
ot
th
he
er
r d
de
el
li
in
nq
qu
ue
en
nc
cy
y a
as
s p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d.
.
1
16
6.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O.
.9
9:
:What steps could be
taken if the accused or any other person
connected with the investigation were to
refuse to furnish a password, passcode or
Biometrics despite issuance of a search
warrant and or a direction to provide a
password, passcode or Biometrics of that
person?

112
WP No.11759/2020
1
16
6.
.1
1.
. T
Th
ho
ou
ug
gh
h n
no
ot
t a
ar
rg
gu
ue
ed
d o
or
r c
co
on
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d t
th
hi
is
s C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t
w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o t
ta
ak
ke
e i
in
nt
to
o c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n
t
th
he
e p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d n
no
ot
t c
co
o-
-
o
op
pe
er
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g i
in
ns
sp
pi
it
te
e o
of
f a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g
b
be
ee
en
n i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g a
ap
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
,
p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h i
is
s i
in
nc
co
or
rr
re
ec
ct
t.
.
1
16
6.
.2
2.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d n
no
ot
t c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
a
an
nd
d n
no
ot
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
,
p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e a
ad
dv
ve
er
rs
se
e i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n
s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
t t
to
o t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n p
po
oi
in
nt
ti
in
ng
g o
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e
n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h a
ad
dv
ve
er
rs
se
e i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h c
co
ou
ul
ld
d
b
be
e d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n.
.
1
16
6.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s e
ev
ve
en
n m
mo
or
re
e d
da
an
ng
ge
er
ro
ou
us
s
i
in
na
as
sm
mu
uc
ch
h a
as
s t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d m
ma
ay
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e a
a
w
wr
ro
on
ng
g p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d o
or
r p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s o
of
f a
a w
wr
ro
on
ng
g p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n,
, a
an
nd
d s
so
om
me
et
ti
im
me
es
s
b
by
y w
wa
ay
y o
of
f t
th
he
e u
us
sa
ag
ge
e o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h w
wr
ro
on
ng
g p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
,

113
WP No.11759/2020
p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s f
fo
or
r m
mo
or
re
e t
ti
im
me
es
s t
th
ha
an
n
o
on
ne
e,
, t
th
he
e d
de
ev
vi
ic
ce
e c
co
ou
ul
ld
d e
ei
it
th
he
er
r g
ge
et
t l
lo
oc
ck
ke
ed
d a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r
t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a o
on
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d d
de
ev
vi
ic
ce
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e w
wi
ip
pe
ed
d o
ou
ut
t a
au
ut
to
om
ma
at
ti
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y
b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e a
a w
wr
ro
on
ng
g p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n u
us
se
ed
d m
mu
ul
lt
ti
ip
pl
le
e t
ti
im
me
es
s.
. T
Th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e h
ha
as
s t
to
o b
be
e
a
aw
wa
ar
re
e o
of
f a
an
nd
d c
ca
ar
re
ef
fu
ul
l o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y.
.
1
16
6.
.4
4.
. T
Th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d i
in
n s
su
uc
ch
h a
a s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s t
th
he
er
re
ef
fo
or
re
e
r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o b
be
e g
gi
iv
ve
en
n o
on
nl
ly
y o
on
ne
e c
ch
ha
an
nc
ce
e t
to
o
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
op
pe
er
r p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s t
to
o o
op
pe
en
n t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d e
e-
-
m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t.
.
1
16
6.
.5
5.
. I
In
n b
bo
ot
th
h t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e s
si
it
tu
ua
at
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g A
Ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e a
at
t l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y
t
to
o e
en
ng
ga
ag
ge
e s
su
uc
ch
h s
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
li
is
se
ed
d a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y a
as
s m
ma
ay
y b
be
e
r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d i
in
n o
or
rd
de
er
r c
cr
ra
ac
ck
k t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
,

114
WP No.11759/2020
p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s s
so
o a
as
s t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s
t
to
o t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l i
id
d.
. T
Th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t t
th
he
er
re
ea
af
ft
te
er
r c
co
on
nt
te
es
st
t t
th
he
e
m
me
et
th
ho
od
do
ol
lo
og
gy
y u
us
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
A
Ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y t
to
o a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n o
on
n t
th
he
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t s
si
in
nc
ce
e t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d h
ha
av
vi
in
ng
g b
be
ee
en
n g
gi
iv
ve
en
n a
an
n o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ty
y t
to
o
c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
,
p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e,
, o
or
r b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s,
, h
ha
as
s r
re
ef
fu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o c
co
o-
-
o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e a
an
nd
d d
do
o s
so
o,
,
1
16
6.
.6
6.
. T
Th
he
e r
ru
ul
le
es
s o
of
f e
el
le
ec
ct
tr
ro
on
ni
ic
c d
de
ev
vi
ic
ce
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d a
ap
pp
pl
ly
y t
to
o
a
an
ny
y d
da
at
ta
a i
if
f s
so
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o b
be
e m
ma
ad
de
e u
us
se
e o
of
f b
by
y t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y i
in
n a
a C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
of
f L
La
aw
w.
. T
Th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e a
at
t l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y t
to
o
c
cl
lo
on
ne
e t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r h
ha
ar
rd
d d
di
is
sk
k o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, a
as
s a
al
ls
so
o a
an
ny
y d
da
at
ta
a a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e o
on
n
a
an
ny
y c
cl
lo
ou
ud
d s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e t
to
o w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e i
is
s
c
co
on
nn
ne
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o a
an
nd
d m
ma
ak
ke
e u
us
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e

115
WP No.11759/2020
d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r
t
tr
ri
ia
al
l.
.
1
16
6.
.7
7.
. S
Si
im
mi
il
la
ar
rl
ly
y t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e
a
at
t l
li
ib
be
er
rt
ty
y t
to
o b
bl
lo
oc
ck
k t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s o
on
nc
ce
e o
op
pe
en
ne
ed
d b
by
y c
ch
ha
an
ng
gi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d s
so
o t
th
ha
at
t n
no
o o
on
ne
e e
el
ls
se
e a
ap
pa
ar
rt
t f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e
d
de
es
si
ig
gn
na
at
te
ed
d o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
rs
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e
s
sa
ai
id
d s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t o
or
r e
e-
-
m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s.
. T
Th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e o
on
n t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e d
do
ow
wn
nl
lo
oa
ad
de
ed
d a
an
nd
d
p
pr
re
es
se
er
rv
ve
ed
d,
, a
as
s a
al
ls
so
o m
ma
ad
de
e u
us
se
e o
of
f b
by
y t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
1
16
6.
.8
8.
. T
Th
hu
us
s t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e t
th
ha
at
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o b
be
e
f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
we
ed
d w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e a
as
s u
un
nd
de
er
r:
:
1
16
6.
.9
9.
. I
It
t w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n t
to
o
a
ap
pp
pr
ro
oa
ac
ch
h t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t t
to
o s
se
ee
ek
k a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t
t
to
o s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l

116
WP No.11759/2020
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t.
. O
On
nc
ce
e a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t i
is
s i
is
ss
su
ue
ed
d,
, i
it
t i
is
s
u
up
pt
to
o t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r-
- a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e t
th
he
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e,
, b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s e
et
tc
c.
.,
,
1
16
6.
.1
10
0.
. T
Th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y c
co
ou
ul
ld
d a
al
ls
so
o s
se
er
rv
ve
e a
a
n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e o
on
n t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
ha
at
t i
in
n t
th
he
e
e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d n
no
ot
t f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
hi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e,
, b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s e
et
tc
c.
.,
, a
an
n
a
ad
dv
ve
er
rs
se
e i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n a
ag
ga
ai
in
ns
st
t t
th
he
e
a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d a
as
s r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
ds
s t
th
he
e a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s n
no
ot
ti
if
fi
ie
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e
s
sa
ai
id
d n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e.
. T
Th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d c
ca
an
n t
th
he
en
n,
,i
in
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o
a
av
vo
oi
id
d t
th
he
e a
ad
dv
ve
er
rs
se
e i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e f
fr
ro
om
m b
be
ei
in
ng
g
d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n,
, f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s t
to
o t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ti
ie
es
s.
.
1
16
6.
.1
11
1.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d o
or
r a
an
ny
y o
ot
th
he
er
r
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n n
no
ot
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e
o
or
r b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s,
, o
on
n a
an
n a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y t
th
he
e
p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e c
co
ou
ur
rt
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t t
th
he
e s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e

117
WP No.11759/2020
p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
er
r v
vi
iz
z.
.,
, m
ma
an
nu
uf
fa
ac
ct
tu
ur
re
er
r o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
er
r,
,
t
to
o o
op
pe
en
n o
or
r u
un
nl
lo
oc
ck
k t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r
e
em
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t t
to
o e
en
na
ab
bl
le
e a
ac
cc
ce
es
ss
s t
to
o t
th
he
e s
sa
ai
id
d
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r e
em
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t.
.
1
16
6.
.1
12
2.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e m
ma
an
nu
uf
fa
ac
ct
tu
ur
re
er
r a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e
s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
er
r n
no
ot
t f
fa
ac
ci
il
li
it
ta
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e o
op
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g o
of
f
t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, e
em
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t o
or
r c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
te
er
r
e
eq
qu
ui
ip
pm
me
en
nt
t,
, t
th
he
en
n t
th
he
e C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
on
n a
an
n a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n
b
be
ei
in
ng
g f
fi
il
le
ed
d i
in
n t
th
ha
at
t r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
d p
pe
er
rm
mi
it
t t
th
he
e
I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g O
Of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r t
to
o h
ha
ac
ck
k i
in
nt
to
o t
th
he
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r e
em
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t.
.
1
16
6.
.1
13
3.
. T
Th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e
e
em
mp
po
ow
we
er
re
ed
d t
to
o e
en
ng
ga
ag
ge
e t
th
he
e s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h
p
pe
er
rs
so
on
ns
s a
as
s m
ma
ay
y b
be
e r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
ed
d t
to
o h
ha
ac
ck
k i
in
nt
to
o t
th
he
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t a
an
nd
d m
ma
ak
ke
e
u
us
se
e o
of
f t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e t
th
he
er
re
ei
in
n,
, w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d

118
WP No.11759/2020
b
be
e a
ak
ki
in
n t
to
o b
br
re
ea
ak
ki
in
ng
g o
op
pe
en
n a
a l
lo
oc
ck
k o
or
r d
do
oo
or
r o
of
f t
th
he
e
p
pr
re
em
mi
is
se
es
s w
wh
he
en
n t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d w
we
er
re
e t
to
o r
re
ef
fu
us
se
e t
to
o
c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
ff
fi
ic
ce
er
r a
an
nd
d
o
op
pe
en
n t
th
he
e d
do
oo
or
r o
of
f l
lo
oc
ck
ke
ed
d p
pr
re
em
mi
is
se
es
s.
.
1
16
6.
.1
14
4.
. I
In
n t
th
he
e e
ev
ve
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y i
is
s
u
un
ns
su
uc
cc
ce
es
ss
sf
fu
ul
l i
in
n h
ha
ac
ck
ki
in
ng
g i
in
nt
to
o t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e
a
an
nd
d o
or
r t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t a
an
nd
d d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e o
of
f s
su
uc
ch
h a
a p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e,
, i
if
f t
th
he
e d
da
at
ta
a o
on
n t
th
he
e
s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t b
be
ei
in
ng
g
d
de
es
st
tr
ro
oy
ye
ed
d t
th
he
en
n,
, t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g
a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y/
/p
pr
ro
os
se
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e f
fr
re
ee
e t
to
o r
re
el
ly
y
u
up
po
on
n t
th
he
e n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e b
by
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d w
wa
as
s
w
wa
ar
rn
ne
ed
d o
of
f a
ad
dv
ve
er
rs
se
e i
in
nf
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e b
be
ei
in
ng
g d
dr
ra
aw
wn
n.
.
1
17
7.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O.
.1
10
0:
:What are the
protection and safeguard that the
Investigating Officer would have to take in
respect of the smartphone and/or electronic
equipment?
17.1. It is required for the Investigating Officer or

119
WP No.11759/2020
the search team to carry out the search in a
proper and scientific manner, more so since
what has to be searched in the electronic
equipment, smartphone or email account.
17.2. Apparently, there are no rules formulated by
the police department regarding the manner
of carrying out a search and/or for
preservations of the evidence gathered
during the said search in respect of
smartphone, electronic equipment or email
account.
17.3. It would be in the interest of all the
stakeholders that detailed guidelines are
prepared by the police department in relation
to the same.
17.4. Pending such formulation, it would be
required that the following minimum

120
WP No.11759/2020
guidelines are implemented:
17.5. In the case of a personal computer or a
laptop:
17.5.1. When carrying out a search of the
premises, as regards any electronic
equipment, Smartphone or e-mail
account, the search team to be
accompanied by a qualified Forensic
Examiner.
17.5.2. When carrying out a search of the
premises, the investigating officer
should not use the computer or attempt
to search a computer for evidence. The
usage of the computer and/or search
should be conducted by a properly
authorized and qualified person, like a
properly qualified forensic examiner.

121
WP No.11759/2020
17.5.3. At the time of search, the place where
the computer is stored or kept is to be
photographed in such a manner that all
the connections of wires including
power, network, etc., are captured in
such photograph/s.
17.5.4. The front and back of the computer
and/or the laptop while connected to all
the peripherals to be taken.
17.5.5. A diagram should be prepared showing
the manner in which the computer
and/or the laptop is connected.
17.5.6. If the computer or laptop is in the
power-off mode, the same should not
be powered on.
17.5.7. If the computer is powered on and the
screen is blank, the mouse could be

122
WP No.11759/2020
moved and as and when the image
appears on the screen, the photograph
of the screen to be taken.
17.5.8. If the computer is powered on, the
investigating officer should not power
off the computer. As far as possible,
the investigating officer to secure the
services of a computer forensic
examiner to download the data
available in the volatile memory i.e.,
RAM since the said data would be lost
on the powering down of the computer
or laptop.
17.5.9. If the computer is switched on and
connected to a network, the
investigating officer to secure the
services of a forensic examiner to

123
WP No.11759/2020
capture the volatile net work data like
IP address, actual net work connections,
net work logs, etc.,
17.5.10. The MAC address also to be identified
and secured.
17.5.11. In the unlikely event of the Forensic
examiner not being available, then
unplug the computer, pack the
computer and the wires in separate
faraday covers after labeling them.
17.5.12. In case of a laptop if the removal of the
power cord does not shut down the
laptop to locate and remove the battery.
17.5.13. If the laptop battery cannot be
removed, then shut down the laptop
and pack it in a faraday bag so as to
block any communication to the said

124
WP No.11759/2020
laptop since most of the laptops,
nowadays have wireless communication
enabled even when the laptop is in the
stand by mode.
17.6. Seizure of networked devices: Apart from the
above steps taken as regards seizure of the
computer, laptop, etc., if the said equipment
is connected to a network:
17.6.1. To ascertain as to whether the said
equipment is connected to any remote
storage devices or shared network
drives, if so to seize the remote storage
devices as also the shared network
devices.
17.6.2. To seize the wireless access points,
routers, modems, and any equipment
connected to such access points,

125
WP No.11759/2020
routers, modems which may some
times be hidden.
17.6.3. To ascertain if any unsecured wireless
network can be accessed from the
location. If so identify the same and
secure the unsecured wireless devices
since the accused might have used the
said unsecured wireless devices.
17.6.4. To ascertain who is maintaining the
network and to identify who is running
the network - get all the details relating
to the operations of the network and
role of the equipment to be seized from
such network manager.
17.6.5. To obtain from the network manager,
network logs of the machine to be
searched and/or seized so as to

126
WP No.11759/2020
ascertain the access made by the said
machine of the net work.
17.7. Mobile devices:Mobile devices would mean an
include smartphone, mobile phone, tablets
GPS units, etc., during the course of seizure
of any of the mobile devices, apart from the
steps taken in respect of a computer and/or
laptop, the following additional steps to be
taken:
17.7.1. Prevent the device from communicating
to network and/or receiving any
wireless communication either through
wifi or mobile data by packing the same
in a faraday bag.
17.7.2. Keep the device charged throughout,
since if the battery drains out, the data
available in the volatile memory could

127
WP No.11759/2020
be lost.
17.7.3. Look for slim-slots remove the sim card
so as to prevent any access to the
mobile network, pack the sim card
separately in a faraday bag.
17.7.4. If the device is in power-off mode, the
battery could also be removed and kept
separately.
17.7.5. If the device is powered on, then put it
in an aeroplane mode in android device
or airplane mode in a IOS device.
17.8. In all the cases above, the seized equipment
should be kept as far as possible in a dust-
free environment and temperature controlled.
17.9. While conducting the search, the
investigating officer to seize any electronic

128
WP No.11759/2020
storage devices like CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, pen
drive, external hard drive, USB thumb drives,
solid-state drives etc., located on the
premises, label and pack them separately in a
faraday bag.
17.10. The computers, storage media, laptop, etc.,
to be kept away from magnets, radio
transmitters, police radios etc., since they
could have an adverse impact on the data in
the said devices.
17.11. To carry out a search of the premises to
obtain instructions manuals, documentation,
etc., as also to ascertain if a password is
written down somewhere since many a time
person owning equipment would have written
the password in a bok, writing pad or the like
at the said location.

129
WP No.11759/2020
17.12. The entire process and procedure followed to
be documented in writing from the time of
entry of the investigation/search team into
the premises until they exit.
1
18
8.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O;
;1
11
1:
:Whether the order
dated 1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 passed by the Trial Court
directing the Petitioner to co-operate with the
investigating agency ad provide a password
to open the smartphone and email account is
proper?
1
18
8.
.1
1.
. T
Th
he
e t
tr
ri
ia
al
l c
co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n t
th
he
e p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
t c
ca
as
se
e h
ha
as
s
d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e
w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e t
th
he
e
p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, a
as
s
a
al
ls
so
o f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r,
, I
I
a
am
m o
of
f t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
e
ex
xa
am
mi
in
na
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
a s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e o
or
r a
an
n e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t i
is
s i
in
n t
th
he
e n
na
at
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h b
be
ei
in
ng
g
c
ca
ar
rr
ri
ie
ed
d o
ou
ut
t,
, s
su
uc
ch
h a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e s
so
o

130
WP No.11759/2020
c
ca
ar
rr
ri
ie
ed
d o
ou
ut
t w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t a
a s
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h w
wa
ar
rr
ra
an
nt
t.
. T
Th
he
e
t
tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t b
by
y m
me
er
re
el
ly
y d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r
t
to
o c
co
o-
-o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e I
In
nv
ve
es
st
ti
ig
ga
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ag
ge
en
nc
cy
y,
,
t
th
he
e P
Pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r c
ca
an
nn
no
ot
t b
be
e f
fo
or
rc
ce
ed
d o
or
r c
co
on
ns
st
tr
ra
ai
in
ne
ed
d
t
to
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e s
su
uc
ch
h a
a p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e,
,
b
bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s e
et
tc
c.
.,
, f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e p
pu
ur
rp
po
os
se
e o
of
f o
op
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g o
of
f
t
th
he
e s
sm
ma
ar
rt
tp
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d o
or
r a
an
n e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t,
,
m
mu
uc
ch
h l
le
es
ss
s w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t r
re
ec
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g r
re
ea
as
so
on
ns
s f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e
s
sa
am
me
e.
. T
Th
he
e p
pr
ro
oc
ce
es
ss
s a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
oc
ce
ed
du
ur
re
e a
as
s
d
di
is
sc
cu
us
ss
se
ed
d a
an
nd
d d
de
et
ta
ai
il
le
ed
d a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e w
wo
ou
ul
ld
d h
ha
av
ve
e t
to
o
b
be
e f
fo
ol
ll
lo
ow
we
ed
d.
.
1
18
8.
.2
2.
. F
Fo
or
r a
al
ll
l t
th
he
e a
af
fo
or
re
es
sa
ai
id
d r
re
ea
as
so
on
ns
s t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d
1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e t
tr
ri
ia
al
l directing the
Petitioner to co-operate with the investigating
agency ad provide a password to open the
smartphone and email account is not proper
or legal and is therefore set aside. Liberty is,
however, reserved to the prosecution to file

131
WP No.11759/2020
necessary applications, which would be
considered by the trial court in accordance
with applicable law and discussion above
1
19
9.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O;
;1
12
2:
: Whether the order
dated 23.09.2020 passed by the Trial Court
directing the Petitioner to undergo a
polygraph test violates the rights of the
Petitioner under Article 20 of the Constitution
of India?
19.1.The Trial Court, by its order dated
29.03.2020, had directed the administration
of polygraph test on the Petitioner. This order
was passed on an oral request without there
being an application filed by the prosecution
and no opportunity having been provided to
either the Petitioner or his counsel. The
Petitioner was also not heard on the same nor
was his consent obtained by the trial Court
before the order dated 23.09.2020 was

132
WP No.11759/2020
passed.
19.2.Though it is contended by Sri. Veerana Tigadi
learned Special prosecutor that the order
dated 23.09.2020 only directed
administration of a polygraph test and that no
polygraph test would have been administered
without the consent of the Petitioner; in my
considered opinion, no such order could have
been passed without having obtained the
consent of an accused like the Petitioner.
19.3.In my considered opinion, there is no
question of post-decisional hearing or
consent, any consent of the accused would
have to be obtained by the Court ordering the
administration of polygraph test before
directing so. The Apex Court in Selvi’s case
(supra), the relevant paragraphs which has

133
WP No.11759/2020
been extracted hereinabovehas categorically
held that there cannot be an administration of
a compulsive polygraph test which would also
mean that no order for administration of
polygraph test made without obtaining the
consent of the person on whom it is
administered.
19.4. Merely because an accused is silent, neither
accepts or rejects the administration of
polygraph test would also not amount to
consent being provided by the accused. Such
a consent has to be categorical without any
doubt and be made after being informed and
made aware of the implication of the
polygraph test and effect thereof.
19.5.The Judgment of the Apex Court in Selvi’s
case is categorical and clear about the

134
WP No.11759/2020
aspects of the administration of polygraph
test. The details of Law as laid down by the
Apex Court in Selvi’s case (supra) would
have to be followed by investigating agency,
as also by the trial Court.
19.6.In the present case, the Petitioner having not
consented to administration of a polygraph
test and in fact having challenged the same,
refusing the administration thereof, had
categorically indicated that he does not wish
to be subjected to a polygraph test, I am of
the considered opinion that no polygraph test
could be administered on the Petitioner.
19.7.Hence, I answer the above question by
holding that no polygraph test can be
administered without obtaining the
consent of the person to whom the

135
WP No.11759/2020
polygraph test is to be administered.
19.8.An application if any for such polygraph
test has to be served on the said person
on whom the polygraph test is to be
administered, as also on the lawyer of
the said person if so appearing. The
effect and impact of the polygraph test
and any answers given during the
conduct of the polygraph test has to be
clearly made known to the said person.
The consent in writing to be obtained
from such person before directing the
administration of the polygraph test.
Mere silence of the said person would
not amount to consent on behalf of such
person. If a person were to refuse the
administration of polygraph test, no such
polygraph test could be administered

136
WP No.11759/2020
and even if administered, the result of
the said test would be void and cannot
be considered by a Court of Law.
2
20
0.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O.
.:
:1
13
3:
: Whether the
order dated 15.10.2020 passed by the Trial
Court dismissing the Recall Application was in
accordance with Law?
2
20
0.
.1
1.
. A
An
n a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n w
wa
as
s f
fi
il
le
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
us
se
ed
d t
to
o
r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
l t
th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y
t
th
he
e t
tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o
u
un
nd
de
er
rg
go
o a
a p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t.
.
2
20
0.
.2
2.
. O
On
n a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e a
an
ns
sw
we
er
r g
gi
iv
ve
en
n t
to
o P
Po
oi
in
nt
t
N
No
o.
.1
12
2 a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e,
, I
I a
am
m o
of
f t
th
he
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
n
t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e t
tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e t
ta
ak
ke
en
n i
in
nt
to
o
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n t
th
he
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e
A
Ap
pe
ex
x C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t i
in
n S
Se
el
lv
vi
i’
’s
s c
ca
as
se
e (
(s
su
up
pr
ra
a)
) a
an
nd
d o
on
nc
ce
e
t
th
he
e t
tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t h
ha
ad
d b
be
ee
en
n i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
me
ed
d a
an
nd
d/
/o
or
r i
it
t
w
wa
as
s b
br
ro
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o t
th
he
e n
no
ot
ti
ic
ce
e o
of
f t
th
he
e t
tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t

137
WP No.11759/2020
t
th
ha
at
t o
on
n a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e H
Ho
on
n’
’b
bl
le
e
A
Ap
pe
ex
x C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t a
a p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t c
co
ou
ul
ld
d n
no
ot
t b
be
e
c
co
on
nd
du
uc
ct
te
ed
d w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t a
a c
co
on
ns
se
en
nt
t o
of
f t
th
he
e p
pe
er
rs
so
on
n
w
wh
ho
o h
ha
as
s t
to
o b
be
e s
su
ub
bj
je
ec
ct
te
ed
d t
to
o s
su
uc
ch
h a
a t
te
es
st
t,
, t
th
he
e
t
tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t o
ou
ug
gh
ht
t t
to
o h
ha
av
ve
e r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
le
ed
d i
it
ts
s o
or
rd
de
er
r
r
ra
at
th
he
er
r t
th
ha
an
n d
di
is
sm
mi
is
ss
si
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e.
.
2
21
1.
. A
AN
NS
SW
WE
ER
R T
TO
O P
PO
OI
IN
NT
T N
NO
O.
.1
13
3:
: W
Wh
ha
at
t o
or
rd
de
er
r?
?
2
21
1.
.1
1.
. I
In
n v
vi
ie
ew
w o
of
f t
th
he
e a
an
ns
sw
we
er
rs
s t
to
o t
th
he
e a
ab
bo
ov
ve
e q
qu
ue
es
st
ti
io
on
n,
,
t
th
he
e p
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
n i
is
s p
pa
ar
rt
tl
ly
y a
al
ll
lo
ow
we
ed
d.
.
2
21
1.
.2
2.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
14
4.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
t
tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o f
fu
ur
rn
ni
is
sh
h
t
th
he
e p
pa
as
ss
sw
wo
or
rd
d,
, p
pa
as
ss
sc
co
od
de
e o
or
r B
Bi
io
om
me
et
tr
ri
ic
cs
s o
of
f h
hi
is
s
m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d e
e-
-m
ma
ai
il
l a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t i
is
s s
se
et
t-
-a
as
si
id
de
e.
.
2
21
1.
.3
3.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 2
23
3.
.0
09
9.
.2
20
02
20
0 p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e
t
tr
ri
ia
al
l C
Co
ou
ur
rt
t,
, d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e p
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ne
er
r t
to
o u
un
nd
de
er
rg
go
o
a
a p
po
ol
ly
yg
gr
ra
ap
ph
h t
te
es
st
t i
is
s s
se
et
t-
-a
as
si
id
de
e.
.

138
WP No.11759/2020
2
21
1.
.4
4.
. T
Th
he
e o
or
rd
de
er
r d
da
at
te
ed
d 1
15
5.
.1
10
0.
.2
20
02
20
0 p
pa
as
ss
se
ed
d o
on
n t
th
he
e
r
re
ec
ca
al
ll
li
in
ng
g a
ap
pp
pl
li
ic
ca
at
ti
io
on
n d
do
oe
es
s n
no
ot
t s
su
ur
rv
vi
iv
ve
e f
fo
or
r
c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n.
.
2
21
1.
.5
5.
. P
Pa
ar
rt
ti
ie
es
s t
to
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S
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DG
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l
ln
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Karnataka hc judgment

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Karnataka hc judgment