GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT (GPU)
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A GPU is a specialized microprocessor that accelerates 3D and 2D graphics. It was defined in 1999 by Nvidia who marketed the first GPU chip. GPUs are efficient at manipulating and displaying computer graphics compared to CPUs. The GPU pipeline receives geometry from the CPU and provides pictures as output. It processes through stages of vertex processing, triangle setup, pixel processing, and writing to memory interfaces like frame buffers and textures. GPUs are used widely in applications like gaming, CAD tools, and computer graphics due to their powerful graphics processing capabilities.
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GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT (GPU)
- 1. 1 GPU • Presentation Prepared by • SAATWIK KUMAR • 1101219423 • ETC, ET-2
- 2. 2 – What is GPU? – When was GPU discovered? • High Performance Computing – Current Top Ten List – GPU ARCHITECTURE – What is GPU Pipeline? – Where Is GPU Data Stored? – Applications Presentation Overview
- 3. 3 A Graphics Processing Unit or GPU (also occasionally called Visual Processing Unit or VPU) is a dedicated processor efficient at manipulating and displaying computer graphics . Like the CPU (Central Processing Unit), it is a single- chip processor. • A graphics processing unit or GPU is a specialized microprocessor that discharge and accelerates 3D or 2D graphics. It is used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations, and game consoles. What is GPU ?
- 4. 4 • Virtually All Current Videos Cards are built with either - - sourced or - sourced. • GPU was defined and popularized by • In 1999, Nvidia marketed the GeForce 256 as "the world's first 'GPU', or Graphics Processing Unit, a single-chip processor with integrated transform, lighting, triangle setup/clipping, and delivering engines that is capable of processing a minimum of 10 million polygons per second." When was GPU discovered?
- 5. Historically, Video cards developed from the need to display Graphics with growing higher resolutions and color depths on IBM PC Compatible Computers. • Standards such as CGA, MDA • (monochrome display adapter), HGC etc were introduced from1982 to 1990 and supported by a variety of Hardware Maunfactures. 7/27/2015 5
- 6. Current Top Ten List • #1 GeForce GTX 580 #2 GeForce GTX 480 #3 Quadro 6000 #4 GeForce GTX 570 #5 GeForce GTX 470 #6 Radeon HD 6870 #7 Radeon HD 6850 #8 Radeon HD 5870 #9 WinFast GTX 460 #10 Radeon HD 5970
- 7. 29/10/2104 10 The GPU pipeline The GPU receives geometry information from the CPU as an input and provides a picture as an output Let’s see how that happens… host interface vertex processing triangle setup pixel processing memory interface
- 8. 7/27/2015 8 Host Interface The host interface is the communication bridge between the CPU and the GPU. It receives commands from the CPU and also pulls geometry information from system memory. It outputs a stream of vertices in object space with all their associated information (texture coordinates, per vertex color etc) . host interface vertex processing triangle setup pixel processing memory interface
- 9. 9 Vertex Processing The vertex processing stage receives vertices from the host interface in object space and outputs them in screen space This may be a simple linear transformation, or a complex operation involving morphing effects No new vertices are created in this stage, and no vertices are discarded (input/output has 1:1 mapping) host interface vertex processing triangle setup pixel processing memory interface
- 10. 7/27/2015 10 Triangle setup In this stage geometry information becomes raster information (screen space geometry is the input, pixels are the output) Prior to rasterization, triangles that are back facing or are located outside the viewing are rejected host interface vertex processing triangle setup pixel processing memory interface
- 11. 12 Triangle Setup (cont…..) A pixel is generated if and only if its center is inside the triangle Every pixel generated has its attributes computed to be the perspective correct interpolation of the three vertices that make up the triangle
- 12. 13 Pixel Processing Each pixel provided by triangle setup is fed into pixel processing as a set of attributes which are used to compute the final color for this pixel The computations taking place here include texture mapping and math operations host interface vertex processing triangle setup pixel processing memory interface
- 13. 14 Memory Interface Pixel colors provided by the previous stage are written to the frame buffer Used to be the biggest bottleneck before pixel processing took over Before the final write occurs, some pixels are rejected by the z buffer .On modern GPUs z is compressed to reduce frame buffer bandwidth (but not size). host interface vertex processing triangle setup pixel processing memory interface
- 14. 7/27/2015 15 Where is GPU Data Stored? – Vertex buffer – Frame buffer – Texture Vertex Buffer Vertex Processor Rasterizer Fragment Processor Frame Buffer(s) Texture
- 15. 7/27/2015 15 Some applications….. Computer generated holography using a graphics processing unit Improve the performance of CAD tools. Computer graphics in games