Experimental research designs, most commonly associated with laboratory test procedures, entail gathering quantitative data and doing statistical analysis on it during the study process

1. Advanced Stem cell and developmental
biology - experimental design
A research design is never perfect, and internal validity of
observations can be threatened in two major ways: systematic

2. error and random error. Proper planning,research design, and
analysis are essential in minimizing the impact of these threats to
the validity of scientific observation. Therefore, determining the
optimal methodology requires an understanding of outcome
measures and the threats to internal validity (bias and
confounding) and external validity.
At Pubrica, our team of researchers has a wide range of
experience and expertise to develop various forms of research
study based on the objectives. For instance, in studies of
screening tests, diagnostics, prevention and therapeutic
intervention, we use the randomized clinical trial (RCT). There
are many instances, however, in which employing the
experimental design is difficult or impossible, premature, or
unethical. For this reason, there are a variety of what are called
quasi-experimental design, as well as descriptive and
observational designs.
iPSCs derived podocytes when transplanted, survive in recipient
newborn mouse kidneys which may be due to immature and

3. immune-privileged nature of developing postnatal kidneys. To
study kidney development, disease and regeneration, scientists
have reported establishment of a reproducible, simple and
efficient research protocol for directed differentiation of mouse
embryonic stem cells into ureteric bud (UB) progenitor cells.
These cells, when co-cultured with metanephric mesenchyme,
induced nephrogenesis, forming nephron structures collecting
ducts with nephron tubules (Lau, Al‐Rubaie, Saini, Wise, &
Ricardo, 2020;
Tan, Rak-Raszewska, Skovorodka, & Vainio, 2020). In the area of
pancreas development, a critical study reveals that oscillating
Notch activity which is regulated by Jagged 1, is required to
coordinate the growth and fate of multipotent pancreatic
progenitors (Seymour et al., 2020). Gaining insight into altered
brain diseases in a developmental disorder like Down’s syndrome
(DS), where prenatal brain development lead to intellectual
disability, Trisomy 21 iPSCs generated from somatic cells of DS
patients may enable to identify the altered status of brain
development (Bhattacharyya, 2020).

4. Organoid culture
Organoid culture has gained much importance in developmental
biology and tissue regeneration. It is a tissue culture method used
to grow three-dimensional functional organoids from a group of
cells along with a combination of biochemical factors. ESCs or
iPSCs when self organized in a 3D-culture with growth factors for
organoids. These are more representative of the natural
environment of cells in a living organism. Brain organoid
technology is useful in studying the physiological and pathological
functioning of the human brain. Further, gene editing, imaging
genome analysis can be used to study the evolution of the brain,
its development and diseases (Tian, Muffat, & Li, 2020).
Disease-related research
Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways cooperatively ensure the early
dopaminergic differentiation of the USSC adult stem cells, helping
in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (Akhlaghpour, Parvaneh
Tafreshi, Roussa, Bernard, & Zeynali, 2020).
Global transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis helps
us to understand human Trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) derived

5. from naive hPSCs are similar to hTSCs derived from blastocysts
and acquire post-implant trophectoderm characteristics. This may
help in the further study of early mechanisms that regulate
normal trophoblast development and associated pathologies
(Dong et al., 2020).
Experimental Research
Experimental research is a type of scientific examination in which
one or more independent variables are changed and then applied
to one or more dependent variables to see how they affect the
latter. The effect of independent variables on dependent variables
is frequently observed and recorded over time to help researchers
reach a plausible conclusion about the link between these two
types of variables. The experimental research approach is
frequently employed in the physical and social sciences,
psychology, and education. It is based on a simple logic that
compares two or more groups, but it can be challenging to
implement. Experimental research designs, most commonly
associated with laboratory test procedures, entail gathering

6. quantitative data and doing statistical analysis on it during the
study process.
Experimental Research Design in Following:
● Time is a critical aspect in establishing a cause-and-effect
link.
● Cause-and-effect behavior that is consistent.
● You want to comprehend the significance of cause and
effect.
Education:
It can be used to improve the standard of an academic institution
and science topics like Chemistry and Physics, which include
teaching students how to do experimental research. This includes
assessing students’ understanding of various topics, developing
more effective teaching methods, and implementing additional
programmes to help pupils learn.

7. Human behavior:
Social scientists are the ones who employ experimental studies to
investigate the most. Consider two people who were chosen at
random to be the subjects of a social interaction study in which
one person was placed in a room with no human interaction for a
year.
Conclusion:
Our team of researchers at Pubrica has a wide range of experience
and expertise in developing various research studies based on the
goals. We employ the randomized clinical trial in research of
screening tests, diagnostics, preventive, and therapeutic
intervention. However, there are numerous situations where
using the experimental design is impractical or impossible,
premature, or unethical. As a result, many quasi-experimental
designs and descriptive and observational designs have been
developed.