This document analyzes the top cryptocurrency mining supercomputers by examining the top 50 mining pools. It finds that the top 8 mined coins have a total daily value of over $23 million from mining rewards. China hosts the most mining pools (18), capturing over 1/3 of the daily value at $10.7 million. The largest pool by daily value is BTC.com at $3.06 million mining Bitcoin in China. In total, cryptocurrency mining generates an estimated $8.6 billion in economic value annually and uses significant supercomputing power, though most is from renewable energy sources.

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@OrionX_net
CryptoSuper-50
Top Cryptocurrency
Supercomputers
June14, 2019
Stephen Perrenod

2. @OrionX_net
Digital Money
Store of value
Safe?
Unit of account
Supply?
Medium of exchange
Stable?
What is it?
©2018 OrionX.net

3. @OrionX_net
OrionX position
Money 3.0
ª Cryptocurrencies (at least Bitcoin) represent Money 3.0
0.x – shells, beads
1.0 – gold and silver coins
2.0 – national fiat currencies
3.0 – Decentralized digital Money stored in the Internet
Others might say they are simply digital assets
ª Most of the current 2200+ coins will prove to be
worthless in the long run
ª There may be many created to represent shares of real
estate, companies, other real assets (security tokens)
ª Surprise: your Bitcoin is not in your hardware wallet or
paper wallet. That just holds the keys.

4. @OrionX_net
ª It’s not either/or, it’s both
ª They are each layers in a stack
ª Blockchain is the triple entry ledger of chained
transaction blocks: sender wallet, blockchain,
receiver wallet
ª A consensus algorithm (e.g. Nakamoto) that enforces
security and prevents double spending is required:
Mining
ª An incentive is required to cause the algorithm to be
computed and transactions added to the chain:
Cryptocurrency/Coin
ª Smart contracts and second layer chains extend the
functionality
Blockchain or Bitcoin?
Purpose Layer
Extensibility
Smart Contracts,
Second Layer channels
Economic Incentive for
recording Transactions
Crypto Coin
Security & Anti-
Counterfeiting
Consensus Algorithm
(Proof of Work)
Immutable Record of
Transactions
Blockchain

5. @OrionX_net
Supercomputing for decentralized Money
Cryptocurrency
Mining
ª How big is the Crypto Mining Market?
ª Bitcoin market cap about $279 billion (May 30, 2019)
ª Bitcoin daily production = $15.7 million
– money supply inflation ~ 3.6% will cut in half in 2020
– 24 hours x 6 blocks per hour x 12.5 coins x $8701 (as of 5/30/19)
ª Annual production run rate, Bitcoin, $5.72 billion
ª Although Bitcoin is just over half of the market cap of some
2,200 coins, it dominates the Mined (Proof of Work) coin
category
ª Ethereum #2 daily production 13,600 coins x $284 =
$3.86million (5/30/19) or $1.41 billion per annum

6. @OrionX_net
CryptoSuper
Methodology
ª We only consider include Proof of Work mined coins, since they are the
only ones using significant supercomputing power
– Non-mined coins usually use Proof of Stake, Premining (“air drop”), or some
Byzantine Fault Tolerant algorithm. They either have to start with mining or air
drop. The US $ started out as Proof of Work (mining, minting) then switched to
Proof of Stake (paper certificates against gold, silver) and now is an “air drop”.
ª We consider the top 10 mined coins, look at pool statistics and then end
up with 8 mined coins making the cut
ª The mining protocols and hash rates vary in very large degree between
coins
– e.g. top pool for Bitcoin is in the Exahash/s and the top pool for Monero is in the
Megahash/s (almost 12 orders of magnitude lower)
ª Most coins (Bitcoin, Ethereum) require ASICs to be profitably mined,
others (including Monero) can run on GPUs
ª We compare mining pools by using the economic value of coins produced
per day = number of blocks mined x number of coins per block x price per
coin

7. @OrionX_net
Top Coins
Top Host Countries
Top Pool Operators
Summary Tables

8. @OrionX_net
ª Daily value of top eight mined
coins is based on a 7 day
average of hash production, but
for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and
Bitcoin Cash we had 30 day
averages available
ª Annualized column is the annual
run rate extrapolated from recent
daily average
ª Over $8 billion of economic
value is created per year (some
$23 million per day)
– This is for all mining pools, not
just Top 50
Top Coins
Coin
Hardware,
Algorithm
Coins
per day
Hash
Rate
Daily
Value
M$
Annualized
M$
Bitcoin
ASIC,
SHA256
1800 47 Exa 15.66 5,717
Ethereum
ASIC,
Ethash
13,600 172 Tera 3.86 1,410
Litecoin ASIC, Scrypt 14,825 352Tera 1.74 636
Bitcoin
Cash
ASIC,
SHA256
1800 1.36 Exa 0.84 308
Zcash
ASIC,
Equihash
7200 4 Giga 0.63 228
Bitcoin SV
ASIC,
SHA256
1800 2.0 Peta 0.40 145
Dash ASIC, X11 1693 1.7 Peta 0.29 107
Monero
GPU,
CryptoNight
1934 329 Mega 0.18 67
Totals 23.61 8,619

9. @OrionX_net
ª We ranked the pools for each of the eight top
coins
ª Pools are in fact multinational since anyone
can contribute compute power to any pool
ª We list by host country, some are Mixed
(usually combo of China, US, Europe)
ª We then interleaved the list to get the top
pools by $ value of production
ª China has over one third, and the USA has
almost one quarter of the top pools
Top Host Countries
Host
Country
Number of
Top Pools
Daily
Value M$
Annualized
M$
China 18 10.72 3,912
USA 11 4.77 1,743
Hong Kong 6 2.77 1,010
Mixed 12 2.69 980
Other 3 1.18 430
Totals 50 22.12 8,074

10. @OrionX_net
ª Often the same pool is mining multiple coins
ª We aggregate the coins under a particular
operator
ª We also list the host country
ª These are the Top 10, responsible for ~ 74%
of the Top 50 economic value creation
ª China has 5, USA 3, Hong Kong 1
Top Pool Operators
Pool
Operator
Host
Country
Number
of Top
Pools
Daily
Value
M$
Annualized
M$
BTC.com China 2 3.06 1115
F2Pool
China
5 2.76 1007
Antpool Hong Kong 5 2.38 868
Poolin
China
4 2.26 825
Slushpool USA 2 1.62 592
BTC.Top China
3 1.47 537
ViaBTC USA
3 1.34 488
Huobi.Pool
China
2 0.69 251
NanoPool
USA, EU,
Asia
2 0.50 182
Bitcoin.com
USA
2 0.34 124
Totals 30 16.41 5,990

11. @OrionX_net
Top 50 Crypto Super List

12. @OrionX_net
Top 10 List of
Cryptocurrency
Supercomputers
Pool, coin,
value, host
country
Rank Pool Coin Daily M$ Annualized M$ Host Country
1 BTC.com Bitcoin BTC 2.880 1051.2 China
2 AntPool Bitcoin BTC 1.945 709.9 Hong Kong
3 F2Pool Bitcoin BTC 1.864 680.4 China
4 SlushPool Bitcoin BTC 1.563 570.5 US
5 Poolin Bitcoin BTC 1.416 516.8 China
6 ViaBTC Bitcoin BTC 1.109 404.8 US
7 BTC.Top Bitcoin BTC 1.106 403.7 China
8 Ethermine Ethereum
ETH
0.944 344.6 US
9 unknown Bitcoin BTC 0.921 336.2 n/a
10 Spark Pool Ethereum
ETH
0.918 335.1 China

13. @OrionX_net
Top 11-20 List
Rank Pool Coin Daily M$ Annualized M$ Host Country
11 BitFury Bitcoin BTC 0.631 230.3 Georgia, Iceland
12 Huobi.pool Bitcoin BTC 0.605 220.8 China
13 F2Pool Ethereum
ETH
0.457 166.8 China
14 NanoPool Ethereum
ETH
0.422 154.0 US, EU, Asia
15 Rawpool Bitcoin BTC 0.388 141.6 Hong Kong
16 BitClub Bitcoin BTC 0.385 140.5 US
17 Poolin Bitcoin SV
BSV
0.320 116.8 China
18 Poolin Litecoin LTC 0.312 113.9 US, China
19 bitcoin.com BItcoin BTC 0.280 102.2 US
20 F2Pool Litecoin LTC 0.264 96.4 China, US

14. @OrionX_net
Top 21-30 List
Rank Pool Coin Daily M$ Annualized M$ Host Country
21 Poolin Zcash ZEC 0.211 77.0 US, China
22 BTC.Top Litecoin LTC 0.207 75.6 China
23 MiningPoolHub Ethereum
ETH
0.200 73.0 S. Korea
24 AntPool Litecoin LTC 0.185 67.5 HK
25 LitecoinPool Litecoin LTC 0.180 65.7 US, EU
26 Bixin Bitcoin BTC 0.179 65.3 China
27 BTC.com Bitcoin Cash
BCH
0.176 64.2 China, EU, US
28 WAYI.CN BItcoin BTC 0.164 59.9 China
29 ViaBTC Litecoin LTC 0.161 58.8 US, EU
30 BTC.Top Bitcoin Cash
BCH
0.159 58.0 US

15. @OrionX_net
Top 31-40 List
Rank Pool Coin Daily M$ Annualized
M$
Host Country
31 DPOOL BItcoin BTC 0.150 54.8 China
32 Pool BTC Litecoin LTC 0.128 46.7 China, US, EU
33 AntPool Zcash ZEC 0.120 43.8 Hong Kong
34 F2Pool Zcash ZEC 0.103 37.6 China
35 SupportXmr Monero XMR 0.086 31.4 US
36 Huobi.pool Ethereum ETH 0.082 29.9 China
37 Easytomine Litecoin LTC 0.080 29.2 China
38 NanoPool Monero XMR 0.076 27.7 US, EU, Asia
39 F2Pool Bitcoin SV BSV 0.072 26.3 China
40 AntPool Dash DASH 0.068 24.8 Hong Kong

16. @OrionX_net
Top 41-50 List
Rank Pool Coin Daily M$ Annualized
M$
Host Country
41 ViaBTC Bitcoin Cash
BCH
0.067 24.5 US
42 FlyPool Zcash ZEC 0.064 23.4 US, EU, Asia
43 Satoshi Bitcoin Cash
BCH
0.061 22.3 US
44 DwarfPool Ethereum
ETH
0.061 22.3 US, EU, Russia
45 bitcoin.com Bitcoin Cash
BCH
0.060 21.9 US
46 AntPool Bitcoin Cash
BCH
0.060 21.9 Hong Kong
47 SlushPool Zcash ZEC 0.060 21.9 US
48 ZhizhuPool Ethereum
ETH
0.059 21.5 China
49 0xaa5c42 Ethereum
ETH
0.057 20.8 n/a
50 Tigerpoolnet BItcoin BTC 0.055 20.1 China
Total, all
50
22.121 8,074

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@OrionX_net
Thank you!
orionx.net/blog
Stephen Perrenod

18. @OrionX_net
Mining
Economics and
Environmental
Impact
ª Bitcoin is environmentally friendly as compared to, say, precious metals
mining
ª Summary of latest Coinshares Bitcoin Mining Report here:
ª https://medium.com/coinshares/surprise-majority-of-btc-energy-sourced-
from-hydro-wind-solar-49f73839aec6
ª 74% of crypto mining is powered by renewable electricity sources or 4
times the world average
ª Bitcoin break even currently around $5700 with 5 cent / KWh electricity
and other costs
– Average profits of $5.4 million per day for Bitcoin when $8700, nearly $2 billion
per year
ª Focus on cheap hydropower regions: Southwest China, Eastern Canada,
Pacific Northwest, Caucasus region, Scandinavia

19. @OrionX_net
References
ª Overall: coinmarketcap.com, coinwarz.com, cryptoslate.com
ª BTC: btc.com
ª ETH: btc.com, etherscan.io
ª BCH: btc.com, cash.coin.dance
ª LTC, ZEC, XMR, DASH: miningpoolstats.stream
ª Cryptocurrency topics: orionx.net/blog