Taxation in china

1. Vienna, Austria
24 June 2015
China Tax Talk &
China's Zukunft –
The new normal

2. Vienna, Austria
Conrad Turley
Senior Manager, Tax
China and Hong Kong SAR
24 June 2015
China Tax Talk
Considerations for Austrian Enterprises

3. ChinaTaxTalk - Agenda
A. General Tax Environment in China
B. Choosing and locating your China operating entity
C. Structuring into China and dealing with withholding taxes
D. Challenges for the Future
E. Takeaways

4. A. General Tax
Environment

5. Chinese taxes and other impositions on foreign enterprises
Taxes on Income
Corporate Income Tax – 25%
Individual Income Tax - 3 to 45%
Land and Property
Acquisition – Deed Tax – 3, 5%
Holding – Land Use Tax – 30 RMB p.s.m.
Real Estate Tax – 1.2% adjusted cost
Disposal – Land Appreciation Tax– 30 to
60% of gain
Turnover Taxes
Value Added Tax – 3, 6, 11, 17%
Business Tax – 3, 5%
Urban maint. and education – 13%
Consumption Tax - Various
Social security (Employee/er)
Pension (8%/22%), Housing (7%/7%)
Medical (2%/12%), Maternity (0/1%)
Injury(0/.5%) Unemployment (1/1.7%)
Other impositions
Customs duty – 0 %to 50%
Stamp duty <0.1%
Vehicle Taxes, Agricultural Taxes
Resource Tax, Tonnage Tax
18 Taxes – Relative significance dependant on industry and nature of operations

6. General Features of Corporate IncomeTax System
Tax rates
 Standard rate 25% (Chinese company or Permanent Establishment)
 Small business: 20% rate for income < EUR40K; Taxed on half income where < EUR30K
 Incentivized business: 15% - High Tech, Western Region
 Withholding tax 10% subject to Treaty Relief
Tax calculation
 Generally follow accounts – PRC GAAP broadly aligned with IFRS
 Limitations on expense deductions – donations, advertising (15% revenue), entertainment (60%
actual), staff welfare (14% salary), education (2% salary) , thin capitalization (2:1 debt/equity)
 Tax depreciation: aircraft, trains, ships, machinery - 10 years; tools, utilities, furniture - 5 years; other
transport - 4 years; electronic devices - 3 years; 60% time for pharma, IT, advanced manufacturing
 R&D – Expensing of equipment and 150% super deduction
 Tax loss 5 year carry forward – No grouping of losses
Tax compliance
 Quarterly returns and payments – 15 days after end; Annual return – 5 months after end
 Registration of tax branches around China and allocation of corporate tax base
 TP related party payment filing and contemporaneous documentation (RMB200M trading; RMB40M
non-trading)

7. LocalTP documentation requirements
Related Party
Transactions
Annual Reporting
Forms
Thin capitalisation report
Contemporaneous
transfer pricing
documentation

8. CIT Incentives popular with foreign investors
•Ports, airports, rail, public transport, power, water etc
•CIT 3-year exemption and 3-year 50% reduction, and allied VAT reductions
•Can vary as to whether project must be national or local NDRC-approved
Public infrastructure
• Refuse/sewerage treatment, energy and water conservation, emission control
•CIT 3-year exemption and 3-year 50% reduction, and allied VAT reductions
•10% CIT credit for specialized equipment
Environmental
protection
•Catalogue for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China
•Reduced CIT rate (15%), tax holidays, special expense/accelerated depreciation
deductions, land tax exemptions, lower tariffs on imported equipment
Western Regions
•Requirements for core IP ownership, sufficient R&D personnel, R&D expense as
a % of turnover, a % of profits generated from HNTE products
•15% CIT rate and 150% super deduction available under related R&D credit
High and New
Technology Enterprise
(HNTE)
•CIT 2-year exempt/ 3-year 50% reduction for circuit design/software -longer tax
holidays for circuit production
•Staff training expenses deduction and VAT refunds
Integrated circuit
design/production and
software
 Very generous pre-2008 incentives directed at FIEs replaced by industry-specific national incentives
 Care needed where local tax incentives/subsidies accepted as there is a national program to eliminate
local incentives not conforming to national policies

9. •VAT registration at branch level – Difficult to consolidateRegistration
•Excess VAT credits not generally refundable
•Carried forward but lost at liquidation
•No bad debt relief
Relief
•Golden VAT system separate to ERP system – complex reconciliation and risk control
•Special VAT invoices (authorities verify monthly)
•Electronic invoicing not widely available
Invoices
•Multiple VAT rates - 3%, 6%, 11%, 13% and 17%Rates
• Goods exports ‘zero rated’ but input VAT is refunded at 7 different rates
• Service exports generally ‘VAT exempt’
•No input credit (except R&D/design services, Fixed Asset Inputs)
• Service imports subject to VAT WHT, not reverse charge – Supplier needs ‘gross up’
Cross-border
EU vs ChinaVAT – Key differences

10. Future
Shifting Enforcement Landscape in ChinaTax
PRESENT
Guilt by Association
•Pan industry audits - Pharma, Auto,
Hi- tech,...
• Over-zealous local officials
PAST
Safety in Numbers
• Unsophisticated officials
and poor detection
• “Guanxi”- relationship
FUTURE
Trust with Verification
• Transparency
• Tax internal Control
• Advance rulings
Increasing importance of Tax Controls
 Move to “Co-operative Compliance”
o Large Enterprise Department and Tax Compliance Agreement program
o Guidance on tax compliance systems
 Greater corporate investment in tax risk management systems
o Tax authority pre-approvals abolished
o Historic room for negotiating tax bills curtailed
o Tax authority non-compliance detection capabilities improved

11. Tax Administration – Statute of Limitations, Penalties, APAs
Non-TP
■ Current ALTC
■ Draft ALTC
TP
■ 10 Years
Statute of Limitations
Normal
- 3 years
Large sum
(> RMB 100k)
- 5 years
Tax evasion
- Indefinite
Normal
- 5 years
Simple failure to
report tax - 15
years*
Non-TP
■ Current ALTC
o LPS - 0.05% per day
o Penalty - 50% to 500%
■ Draft ALTC
o Interest - PBOC lending rate + X% with reduction
for cooperation
o Penalty - 50% to 300%
TP
■ Interest - PBOC lending rate + 5%
Late payment surcharge / Interest & Penalty
• APA - unilateral, bilateral, multilateral
• Advance rulings for non-TP issues
o Prospective
o Of important economic impact
o Specifically complex
o Defying direct application of rules
APAs

12. B. Choosing and
locating your China
operating entity

13. Liberalized foreign investment access in China
- Updated Foreign Investment Catalogue (2015) and Draft Foreign Investment Law (~2017)
RESTRICTIONS: Catalogue
Guiding Foreign Investment
• Encouraged
• Permitted
• Restricted
• Prohibited
APPROVALS: Investment
pre-approvals system
• MOFCOM/Local Commerce Dept’s
• Other Ministries/Agencies for
special industries (e.g. Ministry of
Health, CSRC, SASAC)
SCRUTINY: National
Security Review (NSR) /Anti-
Monopoly Law (AML)
• NSR for infrastructure, transport,
resources, energy, etc
April 2015 Catalogue reduces
restrictions
•Restricted sectors reduced
•JV/PRC majority ownership
•E-commerce 100% foreign
ownership permitted
•Real estate not restricted
Foreign Investment Law (FIL)
to simplify investment
•MOFCOM approval only for
restricted
•Duplicated supervision cut
More targeted scrutiny
•VIE rules tightened

14. Foreign investors can use a variety of China business vehicles
• LLC with business scope approved by MOFCOM
• Total investment capital (Registered capital plus debt capacity) fixed at outset
• Need to reserve 10% of profits per annum (up to 50% of registered capital)
Wholly Foreign Owned
Enterprise (WFOE)
•Limited to conducting non-revenue generating activities
• Business liaison, information collection, product introduction, market research
•Limits on foreign employees
•Taxed as branch on deemed profit (usually cost plus) basis
Representative Office
(RO)
•Locally-owned together with foreign enterprises - still required for some sectors
•Equity JV and legal person Cooperative JV taxed like LLC
•Non-legal person CJV originally taxed as ‘flow-through’ – now unclear
•WFOEs preferred to JVs – WFOE more independent and better IP protection
Domestic Joint
Ventures (JV)
• Use constrained by tax and regulatory ambiguities
• In principle flow-through tax treatment but concerns for PE exposures for foreign
partners
Foreign Invested
Partnerships (FIP)
• Means for foreign enterprises to operate in restricted/ prohibited sectors
• Locally owned enterprise has business licence - FIE charges for technical services and
licenses
• FIL focus on ‘real control’ – Foreign-controlled VIEs problematic
Variable Interest Entity
(VIE)

15. Still time-consuming to set up a WFOE but reforms accelerating process
Application procedures for the establishment of WFOE (5 to 6 months)
1 week
2~3
weeks
1~2
months
1~2
months
1. Registration of Chinese Name
with SAIC
3. Application for Business License
with SAIC
2. Application for Approval Certificate
with MOCOM
4. Post-establishment registrations with
various authorities
•Public Security Bureau
•Quality and Technology Supervision Bureau
•State Administration of Foreign Exchange
•Statistics Bureau
•Finance Bureau
•State and Local tax bureau
•Commercial bank to open bank accounts
•Customs
 MOFCOM approvals delegated to provinces
 More flexibility with registered capital (2014
changes)
o No minimum registered capital
o No timeframe for capital contribution
o No requirement for cash registered capital
contribution
 Foreign Investment Law (2017) :
o No MOFCOM approval –
Encouraged/Permitted
o Abolition of special ‘foreign invested entities’
 FX reform eases FIE setup
 “One Stop Shop” - Consolidation of all
registrations

16. C. Structuring into
China and dealing
with withholding taxes

17. Belgium
France
Switzerland
Netherlands
2013.5 2013.9 2013.11 2014.1 2014.3
Germany
2009.10 2011.6
U.K. PRC-UK DTA
effective
from 13 Dec 2013
Belgium UK Netherlands Switzerland France Germany
Date of
signature
1 Oct 2009 27 Jun 2011 31 May 2013 25 Sept 2013 26 Nov 2013 28 Mar 2014
Effective date 1 Jan 2014 1 Jan 2014 1 Jan 2015 1 Jan 2015 1 Jan 2015 Not effective
Dividend 5% (direct shareholding > 25%); otherwise 10%
Interest 10%
Royalties 7% 6% / 10% 6% / 10% 9% 6%/10% 6%/10%
Capital gains 0% (shareholding < 25% over 12-month period and non-land-rich); otherwise 10%
Subject to
beneficial
ownership
test
16
Newly re-negotiated DTAs with EU countries
- “Leveling out” and alignment of China’s DTAs both in benefits and anti-avoidance protections
- Lessens historic relative advantage of Hong Kong, Singapore, Ireland as holding locations
-- Indirect investment structures replaced with Direct investment structures
UK and Belgium
DTAs effective
from Jan 2014
2015.1
PRC-Belgium DTA
effective
from 29 Dec 2013
PRC-Belgium DTA
effective
from 29 Dec 2013
France, NL, Swiss DTAs
effective
from Jan 2015
Signing and
effective dates

18. Austria-China DTA (1991) – Old and not very beneficial
Description/Income stream Austria 1991 DTA Best in class
Active
income
Construction PE 6 months 12 months
Services PE 6 months in any 12 month period 183 days in any 12 month period
Passive
income
Dividends 7% (25% holding) 5% (25% holding)
Interest 10% 7% (HK, Belgium)
Royalties 10% 5% (HK)
Limitation of
Benefits
No provision LOB in passive income articles
Capital
gain
Property-rich
company
Taxable in China in accordance with
its domestic tax rules
If “50% value threshold” is exceeded
Non-property-
rich company
Not taxable in China (Ireland)

19. License fee/service payment considerations
PRC
Offshore
PRC Co
Royalty/
Service fee
Austrian Co
Customs issues
 Disputes over customs on royalties
 Core tech /brand IP embedded in
components/equipment
 Royalties to be aggregated for
customs calculation
 Services challenged as being
royalties
 Can be better to roll
services/royalties into import
agreement
WHT and treaty relief
 Move from BT to VAT has eliminated
indirect WHT as a tax cost
 Watch double VAT cash flow cost
 CIT WHT DTA relief substance
requirements
 Use of IP holding structures to reduce
WHT and ETR now questionable
Tax deductions
 Deductions for intangibles/service
payments under pressure
 TP location specific advantages and
local marketing/production intangibles
 March 2015 new measure entirely
denies deductions for payments to low
function offshore companies (10-year
retroactivity)
 Even more pressure when CBC
reporting rolled out
 Future simplification/restructuring of
arrangements?
License/
Service
agreement
Components/
Equipment
Transfer
Remitting payments
 Categorization disputes
(service/royalty) can delay remittance
 PE assertion (secondments) can delay
 Pre-approvals to tax recordals
 Registering service and tech import
agreements

20. Financing your WFOE – Debt or Equity?
PRC
Offshore
PRC Co
Interest
/Dividend
Austrian Co
Leveraging China
 Cross-border debt useful in dealing with
China cash-traps
 Restrictive foreign exchange rules limited
leverage of FIEs
 Debt pushdown excluded by restrictions
on M&A borrowing/no loss grouping
 Domestic bank financing can be difficult
 Removal of limitation on M&A loans /FIE
leverage restriction opens way for more
debt financing in future
WHT and DTA relief
 BT (5%+) and CIT WHT (10%)
leakage for cross-border debt
financing
 VAT transition late 2015 and input
credit to follow
 HK/Belgium 7% CIT WHT rate but
need substance
 Cash pooling FX and tax regulations
 Treasury centres may be more
popular in future but watch BEPS!
China Interest deductibility
 Thin cap rules D/E ratio 2:1
 Tax thin cap = Regulatory thin cap
 New BEPS interest deduction rules
Loan/
Equity
Total investment (TI)
USD
Min registered
capital USD
< $3m 70% of TI
>$3m but < $10m 50% of TI
>$10m but < $30m 40% of TI
>$30m 33% of TI

21. Selling into China
PRC
Offshore
PRC Sales
Support Co
Typical PRC cross-border trading structures could come under greater
PE scrutiny going forward
Sales
HK Marketing
Hub
Secondment PE issues
 Secondment a big focus of the
Chinese tax authorities since 2009
 Asserted that secondee acts for
Austria Co as Service PE – IIT, CIT,
VAT implications
 Old Austria DTA not the best
protection
 New guidance in 2013 allows for
better control of risks but still
need close focus on management
protocols and contracting
Marketing hubs and PRC sales support
companies
 Under Sales Indent model PRC staff
negotiate within price/condition
limits set by HK
 Final decision on order acceptance
/tenders with HK and all contract
signing in HK
 Have moved from low tax risk to
moderate tax risk due to filtering of
BEPS into China tax administrative
practice
 Risk that PRC tax authorities could
treat participation in
negotiations/marketing as enough for
Agency PE
 Alternative limited risk distributor
model also under pressure due to tax
authority TP emphasis on LSAs and
local marketing intangibles
 Even more pressure when CBC
reporting rolled out
Austrian Co
Marketing
support
fee
Customers
(China)
Liaison
Staff
secondment

22. China contract manufacturing/ procurement structures
PRC
Offshore
PRC Contract
Manufacturer/
Procurement Co
Typical PRC cross-border contract manufacturing/procurement
structures could come under much greater PE scrutiny going forward
Sales
HK
“Manufacturer”/
Trader
Other tax challenges
 Secondment Service PE risks
 Customs complexity (particularly
where bonded zones used for
import export)
 Customs on royalties for
technology licenses connected
with manufacturing
 VAT export refunds
 VAT complexity where multiple
VAT ‘branches’ in China
PE and TP risks
 Limited fee paid to contract processor/
procurement company supported in
past by Chinese tax authority
acceptance of TNMM
 TP pressure has rise in recent years with
tax authority TP emphasis on LSAs and
local production intangibles
 Tax authority demands for TP “Self-
adjustments”
 Even more pressure when CBC
reporting rolled out
 If BEPS PE proposals integrated into
China tax law greater risk of PE going
forward
• Anti-fragmentation rules
• Weakened ‘specific activity exclusions’
• More rigorous review of level of
control/direction exercised by foreign
executives
Austria Co
Processing fee/
Procurement
assistance fee
Customers
(China)
Liaison
Suppliers
(China)
Goods
purchases
Delivery
processed
goods

23. New rules for indirect disposals of China assets – Announcement 7
 Announcement 7 [2015]
- Indirect transfers of Chinese taxable assets
- Arrangements without reasonable business purposes which aim to avoid
CIT
- Re-characterised as direct transfers and taxed at 10%
 Transactions caught
- Transfer of foreign equity /partnership interests/ convertible bonds
- Share dilutions/ reorganizations
 Chinese taxable property
- Assets of China ‘establishment’
- Immovable property in China
- Equity investment in PRC resident enterprises
 Relief for reorganizations, stock market sales and treaty relief
(generally only for <25% holdings)
 Ambiguity on tax calculation/allocation over China tax districts
 WHT for purchasers heighten seller-purchaser conflicts of interest
 Penalties and interest for non compliance
PRC
Offshore
Offshore
Investor
Hold A
(Tax Haven)
PRC Co
Hold B
(DTA country)
Look through
PE

24. D. Challenges for the
Future

25. Tax Reform
VAT
 Phased transition from Business Tax underway since 2012 with benefit that:
 No indirect tax on service exports
 Manufacturers can claim VAT input credit for services
 Service providers can claim VAT input credit on goods/asset purchases
 Transport, IT, consulting, media, communications already transitioned; RE, FS and entertainment in late 2015
BEPS
Permanent Establishment
 New BEPS rules may require restructuring by contract manufacturers, procurement companies, indent
sales principals
Treaty Shopping
 Tough approach to granting relief looking at commercial substance overseas
GAAR
 New GAAR administration rules to facilitate GAAR use for Indirect Disposals and Treaties
Transfer Pricing
 China concepts of Locations Specific Advantages and Local Intangibles used to push higher China profit
attribution
 Increased scrutiny of outbound royalty/service payments and greater transparency with CbyC reporting

26. TP – Revisions to Circular 2 and CBC reporting mean full overview of MNE
value chain and more use of ‘profit split’TP approaches in future
 Chinese tax authorities currently collate information on
global value chain mainly through TP audits
 BEPS CbC reporting to allow use of group value chain
information in TP risk assessment and audit selection
 Revised Chinese TP documentation (Circular 2) may
include BEPS CbC value chain quantitative information
(much lower revenue threshold than OECD CbC
proposal)
 Chinese tax authorities’ TP data analytics capabilities
increasingly advanced and data pooling (other ministries,
foreign exchange information) improving
 Expected that profit attributions for trading, group
financing and IP structures to be challenged, and more
PE disputes going forward
Employees by Location
Operating profit by Location
MISMATCH

27. E. Takeaways

28. Checklist
• Choices regarding operating entity set to change with New Foreign Investment Law and FX
controls reform permitting new types of business arrangement (e.g. cash pooling, onshore
holding companies, cross-border financing)
• Awareness of current and future options important as choice of entity will lock you long-term
into particular tax treatments and operating arrangements
Choice of
business
vehicle
• China tax enforcement is becoming stricter and more formalized - arrangements in the past
based on negotiated positions with tax authorities are a thing of the past
• Need to consider tax risk management systems and possible use of tax authority co-operative
compliance arrangements
• Need capabilities in place to implement repeated changes to tax controls (e.g. for VAT reform)
Tax reform
• Many tax structures for operating/investing in China will not work in future and may need to be
restructured
• Much more attention needs to be paid to transfer pricing documentation and need to consider
what the tax authorities know about your global value chain
BEPS

29. Thank you

30. © 2015 KPMG Huazhen (Special General Partnership), a special
general partnership in China and a member firm of the KPMG
network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG
International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.
All rights reserved. Printed in China.
The KPMG name, logo and ‘cutting through complexity’ are
registered trademarks or trademarks of KPMG International
Cooperative (KPMG International).

31. VR China/Österreich
Wirtschaft
 RAHMENBEDINGUNGEN
 FÜR ÖSTERREICHISCHE INVESTITIONEN
 IN DER VR CHINA
1
zanger bewegt

32. RA Dr. Georg Zanger M.B.L.-HSG
 seit 1975 Rechtsanwalt in Wien
 1993 1. Joint Venture im
pharmazeutischen Bereich
 1995 Antikorruptionskongress
 seit 2006 intensiv mit China beschäftigt
regelmäßige Vertretung chinesischer
Investoren in Österreich
Start ups für chinesische Unternehme
 2010 Gründung der ACBA
zanger bewegt

33. Investitionsabkommen EU-China
 Verhandlungen im Laufen für Gesamtabkommen
 Sicherung langfristiger Zugang zum chinesischen Markt
 Gleiche Wettbewerbsbedingungen
 Faires Beschaffungswesen
 Intellectual property
zanger bewegt

34. Erleichterungen für Ausländer
 2004: Gesetz über behördliche Zulassungsverfahren
privater Unternehmen
 Erleichterungen bei der Firmenregistrierung
 Erleichterung bei Einreisebestimmung
 Erleichterung bei der Eröffnung von Devisenkonten
 Revidierter Investitionskatalog 2015
zanger bewegt

35. Neuer Lenkungskatalog
 30.1.2012: neuer „Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance
Catalogue“
 Liste relevanter Industriesektoren
 Kategorien „gefördert“, „beschränkt“, „verboten“
 Chinesische Mehrheiten teilweise gefordert
 Z.B. nationales Immobiliengeschäft
 Shanghai Free Trade Zone (FTZ)
 Finanzmarkt liberalisiert
 Größere Spielräume im Dienstleistungsbereich
 2014: Entwurf „Foreign Investment Law“
 Soll 2017 verabschiedet werden
 Beschränkungen vielfach aufgehoben(v 79 auf 38)
 An Shanghai FTZ angepasst
 Beherrschung durch ausländische Investition vertraglich möglich
 National Security Review
zanger bewegt

36. Vorbereitung
 Verständigungsmängel
 Sprachbarrieren
 Kulturunterschiede
 rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen
 Knigge im Geschäftsverkehr
zanger bewegt

37. Guanxi
 Tradition: Verbindung zwischen Personen
 Jeder Chinese ist Mitglied eines Netzwerkes
 Geschenke sind selbstverständlich und notwendig
 Beziehung nicht auf geschäftlichen Bereich beschränkt
 Leistungen werden finanziell nicht belohnt
 Erwartung gleicher Hilfe
 Einfluss nahezu in jedem Lebensbereich
 Richtiger Zeitpunkt (tian shi), richtiger Ort (tili) und
interpersonelle Harmonie (ren he) sind massgebend
 Absicherung gegen unzureichende Rechtsdurchsetzung
zanger bewegt

38. Strategeme
 36 Strategeme: List nach Kriegskunst
 „Siegesgewohnte Kämpfer gewinnen zuerst und
dann ziehen sie in den Krieg, während unterlegen
Kämpfer zuerst in den Krieg ziehen und dann auf
den Sieg hoffen müssen“ (Meister Tzu - Konfuzius)
 „Der General sit in seinem Angriff erfolgreich, wenn
sein Gegner nicht weiß, was er verteidigt, und er ist
erfolgreich in der Verteidigung, wenn sein gegener
nicht weiß, was sein Angriffsziel ist“ (Meister Tzu)
zanger bewegt

39. Neue Korruptionsbekämpfung
 Markenartikel: Hausdurchsuchungen
 Wettbewerbs- und Kartellbestimmungen
 COCA COLA&HUIYUAN untersagt
 Vertikale und horizontale Preisabsprachen
 Compliance-Ermittlungen
 Ausländische Investoren: Vorsicht angebracht!
zanger bewegt

40. Gesellschaftsformen
 Früher: klassisches Joint Venture (gemeinsames Wagnis)
 Künftig vollumfänglich chinesische Regelungen
 Foreign (FIEs) Invested Partnerships (Beteiligungen)
 Gesellschaft mbH (regelmäßig gewählte Gesellschaftsform)
 Keine Mindestkapitalanforderung (früher 30.000.-RMB)
 Nur mehr gezeichnetes frei bestimmbares Kapital Grundlage
 Jahresbericht mit Grunddaten ohne behördliche Kontrolle
 Vorstand, AR
 Ein-Mann- Gesellschaft
 AG
 Kein Mindestkapital
 Repräsentanz
 Haftung Mutterhaus
zanger bewegt

41. M&A: Vielzahl von Normen
 Gesellschaftsrecht, teilweise chinesischer Partner
notwendig
 Bisher: Vielzahl von Ausführungsregeln
 Sondervorschriften für M&A
 Recht für Fusion und Aufspaltung
 Gesetz zur Gründung von Unternehmen mit Auslandskapital
 Einheitliches Recht im Entwurf :
 “Drei Gesetze über ausländische Investitionen“
 Landesweit einheitliches Gesetz
 Keine Verfahren zur Verwaltungsüberprüfung und -
Genehmigung von Verträgen
zanger bewegt

42. Welches Recht gilt?
 in China registrierte Unternehmen:
 grundsätzlich chinesisches Recht
 auch für Vertragsstreitigkeiten aus dem
Gesellschaftsverhältnis
 Schiedsklauseln grundsätzlich zulässig
 Fremdes Recht nur im Verhältnis zu Auslandsfirmen
vereinbar
 Fremdes Recht auch für Managementverträge
zulässig
zanger bewegt

43. Due diligence
 Schwierigkeiten:
 Prüfung des Gründungsdokuments des Vertragspartners
 Gewerbeberechtigung
 Firmenstempel („Company“- und „Contractchop“)
 Hierarchie im Unternehmen
 Details des Zielunternehmens
 interne Organisation
 bestehende Verträge mit Vorständen und leitenden Mitarbeitern
 Rechte an Real state
 Eingetragene Patente, Marken, Urheberrechte
 Lizenzen
 Anlagengenehmigung
 Umweltschutz
 Verwaltungsverfahren
 welche Rechtsstreitigkeiten?
 allenfalls Strafverfahren?
 Vertrauensperson vor Ort notwendig, die gut vernetzt ist
zanger bewegt

44. Der bessere Schutz für Investoren durch
neue Gesetze
 ein Antimonopolgesetz,
 das Antidumpinggesetz,
 eine Vielfalt von Verordnungen über die Marktaufsicht
 ein Bankenaufsichtsgesetz
 das neue Kartellgesetz
 Stiftungsregeln eingeführt und
 ein allgemeines Sozialversicherungsgesetz geschaffen
und
 der Schutz des Privateigentums in der Verfassung
festgeschrieben.
 Produkthaftungsgesetz
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45. Mitarbeiterentsendung nach China
 Betriebsstätte
 Arbeitsvertrag mit
 Österreichischem Unternehmen
 chinesischem Unternehmen
 Visum, Aufenthaltsberechtigung
 Arbeitsgenehmigung, Arbeitsvertrag
 Einkommenssteuer für Ausländer
 Sozialversicherung
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46. IPR
 Urheberrecht (1990)
 Markenrecht (Novelle 1.5.2014!), Madrid-Protokoll!
 Patentrecht (1993)
 Wettbewerbsrecht (1993
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47. BRANDING in CHINA
 Keine langsame Entwicklung
 Plötzliches Chaos
 Fehlen eines Qualitätsstandard
 Schlechte Produkte
 Skandale
 Strategeme
 Geistiger Diebstahl
 Harter Wettkampf
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48. NATIONALE/ INTERNATIONALE MARKE
 Coca cola
 Bmw
 Chinesische internationale marke?
 National: stärkste Markenanmeldung weltweit
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49. VERTRAUEN
 Wenn marke bekannt ist, muss sie gut sein
 Gesicht : Statussymbol
 Employer Branding: weniger Fluktuation
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50. Jing Jang
 Balance China Ausland
 Marke muss einprägsam sein
 Hohe Akzeptanz ist Ziel
 Internet Click
 Bei chinesischen Marken öfters
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51. China erfindet Marke neu
 Gefahr bei Übesetzung
 Gucci: Ku qi = weinen
 Facebook: Fei si Bu Ke = sterben
 Erfolgreich
 Coca Cola: Kekukele
 Mc Donalds: Mai Jang Lao
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52. Kriterien
 Einfügsam
 Unverwechselbar
 Beziehung zum Produkt
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53. Markenbildung
 Analyse
 Strategie
 Brainstorming
 Entwicklung
 Rechtliche Prüfung
 Implementation
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54. Marke-Registrierung
 Wörter, Abbildungen,Farbkombiunationen,Klänge
 Schutz nur nach Registrierung
 Schutzdauer 10 Jahre
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55. Registrierungsverfahren
 Anmeldung
 Vorprüfung
 Veröffentlichung
 Widerspruchsfrist 3 Monate
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56. Rechtsdurchsetzung
 Verwaltungsverfahren
 Zivilverfahren
 Strafverfahren
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57. Durchsetzung: Praxis
 Whistleblower
 Verdeckte Ermittlungen
 Antrag beim AIC
 Hausdurchsuchung
 Satrafe durch AIC
 Zivilklage
 Schadenersatz
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58. Produktzertifizierung
 China Compulsory Certification (CCC)
 CCC-Katalog 2002
 Produkte von in- und ausländischen Herstellern
 Auch Ersatzteile
 Kontrolle durch den Zoll
 Ausnahmen Import ohne CCC
 Persönlicher Gebrauch für Messen etc. und Wiederausfuhr
 Import von geringer Menge mit Test in China
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59. Wenn Sie keinen chinesischen Namen haben, wird
einer erfunden!
哭泣 ku qi = weinen
非死不可 Fei Si Bu Ke
= Unbedingt sterben
(DieseMarkenhaben
teilweiseoffizielleNamen…)
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aus dem Vortrag von Frau Janet Mo, Zentron Consulting, zum
Thema Pǐnpái – Markenbildung in China im Rahmen einer ACBA‐
Veranstaltung am 25.09.2014 in Wien

60. Chinesische Übersetzung von Markennamen
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61. Austrian Chinese Business Association ACBA
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62. Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit
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