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Enfrentamiento inicial
Intoxicado
Dr. Sergio Alvizu Cónstenla
www.mue.cl
Valdivia, 2015
Presentación Clínica
Enfrentamiento en
Urgencia
Manejo
Inicial
Proceso
Diagnostic
o
Disposición
Eric J. Lavonas, Farida M. Jeejeebhoy and Andrea Gabrielli
Terry L. Vanden Hoek, Laurie J. Morrison, Michael Shuster, Michael Donnino, Elizabeth Sinz,
Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Part 12: Cardiac Arrest in Special Situations : 2010 American Heart Association
Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539
Copyright © 2010 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231Circulation
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971069
2010;122:S829-S861Circulation.
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/122/18_suppl_3/S829
World Wide Web at:
The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/123/6/e239.full.pdf
An erratum has been published regarding this article. Please see the attached page for:
calcium (calcium chloride [10%] 5 to 10 mL OR calcium
gluconate [10%] 15 to 30 mL IV over 2 to 5 minutes) may be
considered when hyperkalemia or hypermagnesemia is sus-
pected as the cause of cardiac arrest (Class IIb, LOE C).
Part 12.7: Cardiac Arrest Associated With
Toxic Ingestions
Poisoning has been likened to trauma on the cellular level,
destroying the natural workings of a victim’s physiology.218
Severe poisoning alters the function of a cellular receptor, ion
channel, organelle, or chemical pathway to the extent that critical
wh
pha
ica
atte
sta
atte
vir
res
P
pat
tox
S840 Circulation November 2, 2010
840 - 844
Escenarios Clínicos
Intoxicado
Toxico Conocidos
Dosis Conocidas
Intoxicado
Toxico Desconocido
Dosis Desconocida
Paciente grave
Sospecha intoxicación por
cuadro clínico
Paciente grave
Sin evidencias clínicas
intoxicación
Escenarios Clínicos
Intoxicado
Toxico Conocidos
Dosis Conocidas
Intoxicado
Toxico Desconocido
Dosis Desconocida
Paciente grave
Sospecha intoxicación por
cuadro clínico
Paciente grave
Sin evidencias clínicas
intoxicación
Evaluación Primaria
Historia Clínica
Examen Físico
Reconocimiento cuadro clínico
Reconocimiento Toxidrome
Exámenes complementarios
Gases Venosos
Niveles Paracetamol
Proceso Diagnostico
En Box Reanimación
Que hacer… o que no
hacer?
Que es lavado gástrico?
Que es un “Lavado Gástrico”?
Textos de Medicina de Urgencia y toxicología
Lavado gástrico = Sonda Oro-gástrica
Lavado Naso-gástrico?
 No debe ser usado de forma
rutinaria…
 Podría estar justificado en caso de sustancia
altamente toxica…
 No se ha demostrado beneficio clínico
significativo…
 Mortalidad
 En los raros escenarios en que se plantea
su uso…debe ser realizado solo con
personas con entrenamiento y experiencia…
Position paper update: gastric lavagefor gastrointestinal
decontamination
B. E. BENSON1, K. HOPPU2, W. G. TROUTMAN1, R. BEDRY2, A. ERDMAN1, J. HÖJER2, B. MÉGARBANE2,
R. THANACOODY2, and E. M. CARAVATI1
1American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, McLean, VA, USA
2European Association of PoisonsCentresand Clinical Toxicologists, Brussels, Belgium
Context. Thef rst updateof the1997 gastric lavageposition paper waspublished by theAmericanAcademy of Clinical Toxicology and the
EuropeanAssociation of PoisonsCentresand Clinical Toxicologistsin 2004. Thissecond updatesummarizesthe2004 content and reviews
new data. Methods. A systematic review of the literature from January 2003 to March 2011 yielded few studies directly addressing the
utility of gastric lavagein thetreatment of poisoned patients. Results. Sixty-nine new paperswerereviewed. Recent publications continue
to show that gastric lavage may be associated with serious complications. A few clinical studies have recently been published showing
benef cial outcomes, however, all havesignif cant methodological f aws. Conclusions. At present thereisno evidenceshowing that gastric
lavageshould beused routinely in themanagement of poisonings. Further, theevidencesupporting gastric lavageasabenef cial treatment
in special situations is weak, as is the evidence to exclude benef t in all cases. Gastric lavage should not be performed routinely, if at all,
for thetreatment of poisoned patients. In therareinstancesin which gastric lavageisindicated, it should only beperformed by individuals
with proper training and expertise.
Keywords Gastrointestinal decontamination; Poisoning; Gastric lavage
Introduction
expertise to perform gastric lavage (LOE 4).6 The purpose
Clinical Toxicology (2013), 51, 140–146
Copyright © 2013 InformaHealthcareUSA, Inc.
ISSN: 1556-3650 print / 1556-9519 online
DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2013.770154
REVIEW ARTICLE
Carbón activado
Un gramo
Equivalente a 500 m2 superficie absorción…
Dosis única de carbón activado no debe ser
administrado en forma rutinaria en el manejo de
pacientes intoxicados…
Puede ser considerado su uso
Pacientes con ingesta de un toxico potencialmente
letal
Características del toxico
Dosis ingerida (historia / clínica)
Antes de 1 hora post-ingesta
Contra-indicado en caso de compromiso vía
respiratoria…
En Box Reanimación
Compromiso conciencia
Glasgow Coma Scale
No en intoxicados…
Evaluación Compuesta
Nivel conciencia
Sopor superficial
Sopor profundo
Coma
Protección vía aérea
Reflejos protección
En Box Reanimación
En caso intubar…
Revisar estado Acido/base
Acidosis Metabólica
Compensación respiratoria…
Luego de sedación y
parálisis
Perdida compensación
Aumento acidosis
PCR…
Terapia especifica / Antídotos
Indicación (toxico) Antídoto
Acetaminofeno N-acetilcisteina
Metanol, etilenglicol Etanol - Fomepizol
Monóxido Carbono Oxigeno
Opioides Naloxona
Anticolinérgicos Fisostignina
Organofosforados Atropina / Pralidoxima
Metahemoglobinemia Azul de metileno
Cianuro Hidroxicobalamina - Nitritos
Fierro Desferroxamina
Arsenico Dimercaprol (BAL)
Plomo, mercurio Succimer (CHEMET)
Digoxina, colchicina Anticuerpos específicos
Beta – Bloqueo Glucagon
Antidepresivos Triciclicos Bicarbonato de sodio
Antagonista canales calcio Calcio
Hipoglicemiantes Dextrosa, glucagon, octeotride
Fuera del Box
Tokio 1995
Fuera del Box
Enfrentamiento… 5 pasos
Evaluación del paciente…
Clínica
Tóxicos
Hemoglucotest
Electrocardiograma
Niveles Paracetamol
Gases venosos
3.- Descontaminación / Adsorción
972 J. B. Mowry et al.
Table 16B. Decontamination Trends: Total Human and Pediatric
Exposures 5Yearsa.
Human
exposures
Exposures
children 5 y
Therapy N % N %
Activated charcoal
administered
57,888 2.54 11,284 1.02
Cathartic 12,357 0.54 1,259 0.11
Ipecac administered 193 0.01 83 0.01
Lavage 3,510 0.15 116 0.01
Other Emetic 13,130 0.58 6,241 0.57
WholeBowel Irrigation 1,838 0.08 101 0.01
Total 88,916 3.91 19,084 1.73
aHuman exposures 2,275,141; Pediatric exposures 1,102,307.
of single-substance exposure fatalities for that category—
miscellaneous sedative/hypnotics/antipsychotics, miscel-
laneous cardiovascular drugs, opioids, and acetaminophen
combination products, lead this list followed by miscel-
946 analges
acetaminophen/
morphine, 53
24 acetaminoph
559 stimulan
amine, 87 cocai
182 cardiova
20 verapamil, 1
12 cardiac glyco
149 antidepr
citalopram, 12
and 9 venlafaxi
110 sedative
alprazolam, 9 b
and 5 pentobarb
Theexposure
chronic in 260 (
and U unknow
A total of 1,2
analytes were r
6on12/23/13
1 / 650
1 / 40
3.- Reconocimiento cuadro
clínico
Cuadro
Clínico
Conocimient
o
Laboratorio
Apoyo Toxicológico
www.mue.cl

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#CABAS2015, Enfrentamiento Intoxicado, Valdivia

  • 1. Enfrentamiento inicial Intoxicado Dr. Sergio Alvizu Cónstenla www.mue.cl Valdivia, 2015
  • 4. Eric J. Lavonas, Farida M. Jeejeebhoy and Andrea Gabrielli Terry L. Vanden Hoek, Laurie J. Morrison, Michael Shuster, Michael Donnino, Elizabeth Sinz, Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Part 12: Cardiac Arrest in Special Situations : 2010 American Heart Association Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2010 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971069 2010;122:S829-S861Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/122/18_suppl_3/S829 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/123/6/e239.full.pdf An erratum has been published regarding this article. Please see the attached page for: calcium (calcium chloride [10%] 5 to 10 mL OR calcium gluconate [10%] 15 to 30 mL IV over 2 to 5 minutes) may be considered when hyperkalemia or hypermagnesemia is sus- pected as the cause of cardiac arrest (Class IIb, LOE C). Part 12.7: Cardiac Arrest Associated With Toxic Ingestions Poisoning has been likened to trauma on the cellular level, destroying the natural workings of a victim’s physiology.218 Severe poisoning alters the function of a cellular receptor, ion channel, organelle, or chemical pathway to the extent that critical wh pha ica atte sta atte vir res P pat tox S840 Circulation November 2, 2010 840 - 844
  • 5.
  • 6. Escenarios Clínicos Intoxicado Toxico Conocidos Dosis Conocidas Intoxicado Toxico Desconocido Dosis Desconocida Paciente grave Sospecha intoxicación por cuadro clínico Paciente grave Sin evidencias clínicas intoxicación
  • 7. Escenarios Clínicos Intoxicado Toxico Conocidos Dosis Conocidas Intoxicado Toxico Desconocido Dosis Desconocida Paciente grave Sospecha intoxicación por cuadro clínico Paciente grave Sin evidencias clínicas intoxicación
  • 8.
  • 10.
  • 11. Historia Clínica Examen Físico Reconocimiento cuadro clínico Reconocimiento Toxidrome Exámenes complementarios Gases Venosos Niveles Paracetamol Proceso Diagnostico
  • 13. Que hacer… o que no hacer?
  • 14. Que es lavado gástrico?
  • 15. Que es un “Lavado Gástrico”? Textos de Medicina de Urgencia y toxicología Lavado gástrico = Sonda Oro-gástrica
  • 17.
  • 18.  No debe ser usado de forma rutinaria…  Podría estar justificado en caso de sustancia altamente toxica…  No se ha demostrado beneficio clínico significativo…  Mortalidad
  • 19.  En los raros escenarios en que se plantea su uso…debe ser realizado solo con personas con entrenamiento y experiencia… Position paper update: gastric lavagefor gastrointestinal decontamination B. E. BENSON1, K. HOPPU2, W. G. TROUTMAN1, R. BEDRY2, A. ERDMAN1, J. HÖJER2, B. MÉGARBANE2, R. THANACOODY2, and E. M. CARAVATI1 1American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, McLean, VA, USA 2European Association of PoisonsCentresand Clinical Toxicologists, Brussels, Belgium Context. Thef rst updateof the1997 gastric lavageposition paper waspublished by theAmericanAcademy of Clinical Toxicology and the EuropeanAssociation of PoisonsCentresand Clinical Toxicologistsin 2004. Thissecond updatesummarizesthe2004 content and reviews new data. Methods. A systematic review of the literature from January 2003 to March 2011 yielded few studies directly addressing the utility of gastric lavagein thetreatment of poisoned patients. Results. Sixty-nine new paperswerereviewed. Recent publications continue to show that gastric lavage may be associated with serious complications. A few clinical studies have recently been published showing benef cial outcomes, however, all havesignif cant methodological f aws. Conclusions. At present thereisno evidenceshowing that gastric lavageshould beused routinely in themanagement of poisonings. Further, theevidencesupporting gastric lavageasabenef cial treatment in special situations is weak, as is the evidence to exclude benef t in all cases. Gastric lavage should not be performed routinely, if at all, for thetreatment of poisoned patients. In therareinstancesin which gastric lavageisindicated, it should only beperformed by individuals with proper training and expertise. Keywords Gastrointestinal decontamination; Poisoning; Gastric lavage Introduction expertise to perform gastric lavage (LOE 4).6 The purpose Clinical Toxicology (2013), 51, 140–146 Copyright © 2013 InformaHealthcareUSA, Inc. ISSN: 1556-3650 print / 1556-9519 online DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2013.770154 REVIEW ARTICLE
  • 20. Carbón activado Un gramo Equivalente a 500 m2 superficie absorción…
  • 21. Dosis única de carbón activado no debe ser administrado en forma rutinaria en el manejo de pacientes intoxicados…
  • 22. Puede ser considerado su uso Pacientes con ingesta de un toxico potencialmente letal Características del toxico Dosis ingerida (historia / clínica) Antes de 1 hora post-ingesta Contra-indicado en caso de compromiso vía respiratoria…
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30. En Box Reanimación Compromiso conciencia Glasgow Coma Scale No en intoxicados… Evaluación Compuesta Nivel conciencia Sopor superficial Sopor profundo Coma Protección vía aérea Reflejos protección
  • 31. En Box Reanimación En caso intubar… Revisar estado Acido/base Acidosis Metabólica Compensación respiratoria… Luego de sedación y parálisis Perdida compensación Aumento acidosis PCR…
  • 32. Terapia especifica / Antídotos Indicación (toxico) Antídoto Acetaminofeno N-acetilcisteina Metanol, etilenglicol Etanol - Fomepizol Monóxido Carbono Oxigeno Opioides Naloxona Anticolinérgicos Fisostignina Organofosforados Atropina / Pralidoxima Metahemoglobinemia Azul de metileno Cianuro Hidroxicobalamina - Nitritos Fierro Desferroxamina Arsenico Dimercaprol (BAL) Plomo, mercurio Succimer (CHEMET) Digoxina, colchicina Anticuerpos específicos Beta – Bloqueo Glucagon Antidepresivos Triciclicos Bicarbonato de sodio Antagonista canales calcio Calcio Hipoglicemiantes Dextrosa, glucagon, octeotride
  • 35. Enfrentamiento… 5 pasos Evaluación del paciente… Clínica Tóxicos Hemoglucotest Electrocardiograma Niveles Paracetamol Gases venosos
  • 36. 3.- Descontaminación / Adsorción 972 J. B. Mowry et al. Table 16B. Decontamination Trends: Total Human and Pediatric Exposures 5Yearsa. Human exposures Exposures children 5 y Therapy N % N % Activated charcoal administered 57,888 2.54 11,284 1.02 Cathartic 12,357 0.54 1,259 0.11 Ipecac administered 193 0.01 83 0.01 Lavage 3,510 0.15 116 0.01 Other Emetic 13,130 0.58 6,241 0.57 WholeBowel Irrigation 1,838 0.08 101 0.01 Total 88,916 3.91 19,084 1.73 aHuman exposures 2,275,141; Pediatric exposures 1,102,307. of single-substance exposure fatalities for that category— miscellaneous sedative/hypnotics/antipsychotics, miscel- laneous cardiovascular drugs, opioids, and acetaminophen combination products, lead this list followed by miscel- 946 analges acetaminophen/ morphine, 53 24 acetaminoph 559 stimulan amine, 87 cocai 182 cardiova 20 verapamil, 1 12 cardiac glyco 149 antidepr citalopram, 12 and 9 venlafaxi 110 sedative alprazolam, 9 b and 5 pentobarb Theexposure chronic in 260 ( and U unknow A total of 1,2 analytes were r 6on12/23/13 1 / 650 1 / 40

Editor's Notes

  1. Inespecífico - Especifico
  2. Flumazenil… No….
  3. Gas Sarin - Organofosforado
  4. Para lavado ojos es útil aplicar anestésico local