2. Agenda
1. Geography
2. History
3. Political Structure
4. Economical Situation
5. Social Structure
6. Europe and Moldova
7. Cultural Sites
8. Interesting facts and people
3.
4. Republic of Moldova
Capital: CHISINAU
Area: 33 846 km2
Population: 4,2 million people
Official Language: Moldavian (Romanian)
Currency: Moldavian leu (MDL)
5. Short History:
1359 – the establishment of Moldova by Bogdan Ist
1457 – 1504 – consolidation of Moldova under Stefan cel Mare
XVIth – XIXth century – Moldova subdued by Ottomans, Hungarians and Russians
6. Short History:
1812 – 1856 – it was annexed by the Russian Empire
1856 – 1878 – Bessarabia – was returned to Romania
1878 – 1918 – returned to Russia
1918 – 1940 – reattached to
Romania
1940 – 1989 – occupied by the
Soviet Union
8. Government and politics
- Moldova : unitary parliamentary democratic republic
- Executive power : President
- President : elected by Parliament
- The President of Moldova is Nicolae Timofti.
9. Economy
- Moldova is an agricultural country
Foreign
3%
Public
4%
Private
93%
Types of companies
- Agriculture and Industry represent 37% of GDP.
- 50,8% of population are involved in agriculture
10. Incomes vs. Expenses
Inflation: 8%
Interest rates 17,5% → 28%
Minimum salary - 330 lei (21,85 €)
Average salary– 1100 lei (72,85 €)
Minimum necessary amount per person– 1430 lei (95,7 €)
The largest part of the country lies between two rivers, the Dniester and the Prut. Moldova's rich soil and temperate continental climate (with warm summers and mild winters) have made the country one of the most productive agricultural regions since ancient times, and a major supplier of agricultural products in southeastern Europe. The western border of Moldova is formed by the Prut river, which joins the Danube before flowing into the Black Sea. In the north-east, the Dniester is the main river, flowing through the country from north to south, receiving the waters of Răut, Bâc, Ichel, Botna. Ialpug flows into one of the Danube limans, while Cogâlnic into the Black Sea chain of limans.
The country is landlocked, even though it is very close to the Black Sea. While the northern part of the country is hilly, elevations never exceed 430 meters (1,411 ft)—the highest point being the Bălăneşti Hill. Moldova's hills are part of the Moldavian Plateau, which geologically originate from the Carpathian Mountains. Its subdivisions in Moldova include Dniester Hills (Northern Moldavian Hills and Dniester-Rāut Ridge), Moldavian Plain (Middle Prut Valley and Bălţi Steppe), and Central Moldavian Plateau (Ciuluc-Soloneţ Hills, Corneşti Hills (Codri Massive) - Codri, meaning "forests" -, Lower Dniester Hills, Lower Prut Valley, and Tigheci Hills). In the south, the country has a small flatland, the Bugeac Plain. The territory of Moldova east of the river Dniester is split between parts of the Podolian Plateau, and parts of the Eurasian Steppe.
Phytogeographically, Moldova is shared between the Central European and Eastern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Moldova can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Central European mixed forests, the East European forest steppe (the most territory of the country), and Pontic steppe (in the south and southeast).
The country's main cities are the capital Chişinău, in the center of the country, Tiraspol (in Transnistria), Bălţi and Tighina.
Capital (and largest city) Chişinău 47°0′N 28°55′E / 47°N 28.917°E / 47; 28.917 Official languages Moldovan (Romanian)¹ Recognised regional languages Gagauz, Russian and Ukrainian Demonym Moldovan, Moldavian Government Parliamentary republic - President Vladimir Voronin (PCRM) - Head of Parliament Vladimir Voronin (PCRM) - Prime-minister Zinaida Greceanîi (PCRM) Consolidation - Declaration of Sovereignty June 23, 1990 - Independence from the Soviet Union August 27, 1991 (Declared) December 25, 1991 (Finalized) Area - Total 33,846 km2 (139th) 13,067 sq mi - Water (%) 1.4 Population - 2008[1] estimate 4,128,047 (121st2) - 2004 census 3,383,3323 - Density 121,9/km2 (87th) 316/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2008 estimate - Total $10.746 billion[2] - Per capita $3,173[2] GDP (nominal) 2008 estimate - Total $6.124 billion[2] - Per capita $1,808[2] Gini (2007) 37.1 (medium) HDI (2007) ▲ 0.708 (medium) (111th) Currency Moldovan leu (MDL) Time zone EET (UTC+2) - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3) Drives on the right Internet TLD .md Calling code 373
the establishment of the Principality of Moldavia in 1359
Stephen III of Moldavia or Stephen III (c. 1432 - July 2, 1504), also known as Stephen the Great (Romanian: Ştefan cel Mare; Ştefan cel Mare şi Sfânt, "Stephen the Great and Holy" in more modern versions) was Prince of Moldavia between 1457 and 1504 and the most prominent representative of the House of Muşat.
During his reign, he strengthened Moldavia and maintained its independence against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland, and the Ottoman Empire, which all sought to subdue the land. Stephen achieved fame in Europe for his long resistance against the Ottomans. He was victorious in 34 of his 36 battles, and was one of the first to gain a decisive victory over the Ottomans at the Battle of Vaslui, after which Pope Sixtus IV deemed him verus christianae fidei athleta (true Champion of Christian Faith). He was a man of religion and displayed his piety when he paid the debt of Mount Athos to the Porte, ensuring the continuity of Athos as an autonomous monastical community.
In the Middle Ages, most of the present territory of Moldova was part of the Principality of Moldavia. In 1812, it was annexed by the Russian Empire, and became known as Bessarabia. Between 1856 and 1878, the southern part was returned to Moldavia. In 1859 it united with Wallachia to form modern Romania.
Upon the dissolution of the Russian Empire in 1917, an autonomous, then-independent Moldavian Democratic Republic was formed, which joined Romania in 1918. In 1940, Bessarabia was occupied by the Soviet Union and was split between the Ukrainian SSR and the newly created Moldavian SSR.
After changing hands in 1941 and 1944 during World War II, the territory of the modern country was subsumed by the Soviet Union until its declaration of independence on August 27, 1991. Moldova was admitted to the UN in March 1992. In September 1990, a breakaway government was formed in Transnistria, a strip of Moldavian SSR on the east bank of the river Dniester. After a brief war in 1992, it became de facto independent, although no UN member has recognized its independence.
Moldova enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. The economy contracted dramatically following the fall of the Soviet Union, and despite making a limited recovery since 2000, it remains one of the poorest countries in Europe.
The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI), a basic measure of an economy's economic performance, is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a nation in a year. [1] GDP can be defined in three ways, all of which are conceptually identical. First, it is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time (usually a 365-day year). Second, it is equal to the sum of the value added at every stage of production (the intermediate stages) by all the industries within a country, plus taxes less subsidies on products, in the period. Third, it is equal to the sum of the income generated by production in the country in the period—that is, compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, and gross operating surplus (or profits).[2] [3]
The most common approach to measuring and quantifying GDP is the expenditure method:
GDP = consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports − imports), or, GDP = C + I + G + (X − M).
For the 2004 census, Eastern Orthodox Christians, who make up over 90% of Moldova's population, were not required to declare the particular of the two main churches they belong to. The Moldovan Orthodox Church, autonomous and subordinated to the Russian Orthodox Church, and the Orthodox Church of Bessarabia, autonomous and subordinated to the Romanian Orthodox Church, both claim to be the national church of the country.
The Moldovan wine collection "Mileştii Mici", with 1.5 million bottles, is the largest wine collection in Europe, according to the Guinness Book. It stretches for 200 km, of which only 50 km are currently in use. Cricova winery also has an extensive network of underground caves.
Moldova is famous for its wines. For many years viticulture and winemaking in Moldova were the general occupation of the population. Evidence of this is present in historical memorials and documents, folklore, and the Moldovan spoken language.
The country has a well established wine industry. It has a vineyard area of 147,000 hectares (360,000 acres), of which 102,500 ha (253,000 acres) are used for commercial production. Most of the country's wine production is made for export. Many families have their own recipes and strands of grapes that have been passed down through the generations.
The second half of the 19th century saw an intensive planting of newly introduced French varieties, such as Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Aligote, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Gamay, Muscat Blanc. It was at this time that wines like Negru de Purcari and Romanesti, which have made Moldova famous as a fine wine producer, began to be produced.
Eugen Doga (born March 1, 1937) is the most famous Moldovan contemporary composer.
Maria Bieşu (born 1934) is one of Moldova's most important opera singers.
She has won an impressive reputation for herself as a chief vocalist of the Chişinău Opera and Ballet Theater ever since her debut in 1961. Her artistic excellence brought her international recognition and invitation to sing in other countries, including Italy, where she performed at the Milan Opera from 1965 to 1967.Maria Biesu was and is a rare talent in Moldova.
International DanceSport Federation
This is a list of Adult Formation Teams currently competing in the IDSF World Ranking Competition. There are currently 22 Latin Teams and 18 Standard teams that compete annually in the World Cup
O-Zone was a Moldovan[1] pop music trio that gained global popularity for their song "Dragostea din tei." Its members were Dan Bălan (Crazy Loop), Radu Sîrbu, and Arsenie "Arsenium" Todiraş.
Zdob şi Zdub are a Moldovan musical group, based in Chişinău, whose work for the last several years combines elements of hip-hop (especially sampling) and hardcore punk with traditional Moldovan music and Roma music. The name is onomatopoeic for the sound of a drum beat. The band represented Moldova in the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest, finishing 6th.
