A presentation about combaind oral contraceptive pill

1. Combined oral contraceptive
Prepared by
Muhamad Husain Ali

2. Contains
Introduction
Mechanism of action
Types and using
Advantages
Disadvantages
Contraindications
Teaching points

3. Introduction & Indication
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth
control pill or colloquially as "the pill“
Is a type of birth control that is designedto be taken orally by women.
The pill contains two important hormones: a progesterone and estrogen
When takencorrectly, it alters the menstrual cycle to eliminate ovulation and
prevent pregnancy.
COCPs were first approvedfor contraceptive use in the United States in 1960,
and are a very popular form of birth control
They are used by more than 100 million women worldwide

4. Mechanism of action
If sperm reaches an egg (ovum), pregnancycan happen. Contraception tries to
stop this happening usually by keeping the eggand sperm apart or by stopping the
releaseof an egg (ovulation)
Combined oral contraceptivepills were developed to prevent ovulation by
suppressing the release of gonadotropins. COCP inhibit follicular
development and preventovulation as a primary mechanism of action

5. Cont..
It also:
Thickens the mucus in the neck of the womb(Cervix), so it is harder for sperm to
penetrate the womb and reach an egg
Thins the lining of the womb, so there is less chance of a fertilized egg implanting
into the womb and being able to grow

6. Types and using
Monophasic 21-day pills
This is the most common type. Each pill has the same amount of hormone in
it. One pill is taken each day for 21 days and then no pills are taken for the
next 7 days. Microgynon, Marvelon and Yasmin are examples of this type of
pill.

7. Cont..
Phasic 21-day pills
Phasic pills contain 2 or 3 sections of different colored pills in a pack.
Each section contains a different amount of hormones. One pill is taken
each day for 21 days and then no pills are taken for the next 7 days.
Phasic pills need to be taken in the right order. Logynon is an example of
this type of pill.

8. Cont..
Every day (ED) pills
There are 21 active pills and 7 inactive (dummy) pills in a pack. The two
types of pill look different. One pill is taken each day for 28 days with no
break between packets of pills. Every day pills need to be taken in the right
order. Microgynon ED is an example of this type of pill.

9. Advantages
It does not interrupt sex
It usually makes bleeds regular, lighter and less painful
It reduces risk of cancer of the ovaries, womb and colon
It can reduce symptoms of PMS (premenstrual syndrome)
It can sometimes reduceacne
It may protect against pelvic inflammatory disease
It may reducethe risk of fibroids, ovarian cysts and non-cancerous breast disease

10. Disadvantages
It can cause temporaryside effects at first, such as headaches, nausea, breast
tenderness and mood
It can increase BP
It does not protect against STI
Break through bleeding and spotting is common in the first few months of using
the pill
It has been linked to an increased risk of some serious health conditions, such as
blood clots and breast cancer

11. Contraindications
If there are no medical reasons why cannot take the pill, no smoke, they can take the
pill until menopause.However, the pill is not suitable for everyone.
The pill may not be right for thus:
Are pregnant
Smoke and are 35 or older
Stopped smoking less than a year ago and are 35 or older
Are very overweight

12. Cont..
The pill may also not be right for thus who have:
Blood clots in a vein, for example in leg or lungs
Stroke or any other disease that narrows the arteries
Anyone in close family having a blood clot under the age of 45
A heart abnormality or heart disease, including high blood pressure
Breast cancer
Disease of the gallbladder or liver
Diabetes with complications or diabetes for the past 20 years

13. Teaching points
Trying to take the pill at the same time every day.
Using a backup method of birth control (such as condoms and spermicide) until
have been taking the pills for 2 weeks
If vomit within 3 hours of taking the combined pill, it may not have beenfully
absorbed into bloodstream. So recommend to taking another pill straight away and
the next pill at your usual time.
If continue to be sick, keepusing another form of contraception