1. Assignment No 1
SUBMITTED BY:
MOHAMED REDAABDEL_MOTELEB
UNDER SUPERVISOR:
DR: SHIRINMORIS KHALIL,
Examples for drugs acting systemically,
2. Oral Antibacterials: (oxytetracycline and doxycycline ciprofloxacin
&cotrimoxazole)
- They are used for inflammatory acne. Penetration into sebaceous follicles is
poor, so treatment requires 4-6 months for maximal benefit.
- Resistance to erythromycin makes it a less suitable choice than in the past.
Examples for drugs acting locally
Antiseptic &Desinfectants
- Antiseptic _ _ growth of microorganisms as long as it is in contact with them
- Disinfectant _ Kill the microorganisms
1- Protoplasmic poisons:
a- Phenols:
1. Phenol: very irritant _ ulcer, so 1% to be diluted 20 times
2. Phenol analogue:
- Cresol: used in 1% to disinfect hands & 5% to disinfect instruments
- Resorcinol: has antifungal &keratolytic effect
b- Alcohols:
- Alcohol 70% _ Astringent & antiseptic
c- Halogens:
- Tincture iodine: applied on skin & mucous membrane
- Povidone-iodine (Betadine): less irritating than iodine
- Chlorine: chlorinated lime (Eusol) is used to disinfect water & swimming
pool. It is also a bleaching agents
d- Salts of heavy metals:
They _ SH-containing enzymes of bacteria
a) Mercury compounds:
- Inorganic as Mercury oxycyanidesolut. or ointment for conjunctiva
- Organic as Merbromin (Mercurochrom) 2% aqueous solute. for skin
b) Silver compounds:
- Silver Nitrate _ antiseptic & astringent
- Silver proteinate_ antiseptic & demulcent
Classification by type of ions
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3. Chloride channels: This superfamily of poorly-understood channels consists of
approximately 13 members. They include ClCs, CLICs, Bestrophins and CFTRs.
These channels are non-selective for small anions; however chloride is the most
abundant anion, and hence they are known as chloride channels.
Potassium channels
Voltage-gated potassium channels e.g., Kvs, Kirs etc.
Calcium-activated potassium channels e.g., BKCa or MaxiK, SK, etc.
Inward-rectifier potassium channels
Two-pore-domain potassium channels: This family of 15 members form what is
known as leak channels, and they follow Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (open)
rectification.
Sodium channels
voltage-gated sodium channels NaVs
epithelial sodium channels (ENaC)
Calcium channels CaVs
Proton channels
Voltage-gated proton channels
Structure of the cell
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