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achalasia.pdf
- 5. Loss of the inhibitory ganglion cells in the myenteric
(Auerbach’s) plexus
- 7. In South America a chronic infection by parasite
Trypanosoma cruzi with marked clinical similarities to
achalasia.
- 12. • Oesophagus dilates and contractions
disappear
• Incomplete emptying by hydrostatic pressure
of its contents.
- 15. • This accounts for increased incidence of malignancy
• Pre-malignant condition
- 32. • Perforation is the major complication.
• Forceful dilatation is curative in 75–85 per
cent of cases.
- 35. • The procedure is ideally suited to a minimal
access laparoscopic approach
• Successful in >90% cases
• May be used after failed dilatation.
- 38. • Not permanent.
• Has to be repeated after a few months.
• Restricted to elderly patients with other
comorbidities.
- 39. Drugs
• Calcium channel antagonists have been used.
• Ineffective for long-term use.
• Sublingual nifedipine
– Useful for transient relief