Systemic Treatment Intensification in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Three clinical trials showed that adding docetaxel or abiraterone to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improved overall survival for men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer compared to ADT alone. Additional trials found that apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide combined with ADT extended progression-free survival and time to pain progression or skeletal-related events compared to placebo plus ADT. The benefit of adding these novel agents to initial ADT was seen in patients with both low- and high-volume disease.
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mHSPC 9.2022 clinicaloptions.pptx
1. Systemic Treatment Intensification in Metastatic
Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Supported by educational grants from Astellas, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.,
Myovant Sciences Ltd., Pfizer, Inc.
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Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
3. Faculty
Alicia K. Morgans, MD, MPH
Genitourinary Medical Oncologist
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts
Alicia K. Morgans, MD, MPH, has disclosed that she has received funds for
research support from Bayer, Dendreon, Myovant, Sanofi, and Seattle Genetics
and consulting fees from AAA, AstraZeneca, Astellas, Bayer, Blue Earth, Clovis,
Dendreon, Exelixis, Janssen, Myovant, Myriad, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and
Seattle Genetics.
4. Guideline Recommendations: 2021 Treatment Options
for mHSPC
ADT
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
ADT plus:
Abiraterone
Apalutamide
Enzalutamide
Docetaxel
ADT plus EBRT to primary tumor (for low-volume disease)
NCCN. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer. v2.2021.
5. Chemohormonal Therapy
CHAARTED: randomized, open-label phase III
trial of docetaxel + ADT vs ADT alone for
patients with mHSPC with elevated PSA
(N = 790)
STAMPEDE: randomized, open-label, multiarm,
multistage phase II/III trial (N = 1917)
Sweeney. NEJM. 2015;373:737. James. Lancet. 2016;387:1163. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
Randomization for M1 Patients
B Arm A + zoledronic acid
C Arm A + docetaxel
E Arm A + ZA + docetaxel
G Arm A + abiraterone
H Arm A + RT to prostate
A ADT
7. CHAARTED: High-Volume vs Low-Volume Disease
Median follow-up of 53.7 mo in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive
prostate cancer randomized to ADT + docetaxel vs ADT alone (N = 790)
Kyriakopoulos. JCO. 2018;36:1080. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
High-Volume Disease Low-Volume Disease
Mo
Mo
mOS, Mo
ADT + docetaxel 63.5
ADT alone NR
HR: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.70-1.55; P = .86)
mOS, Mo
ADT + docetaxel 51.2
ADT alone 34.4
HR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.50-0.79; P <.001)
96
100
80
60
40
20
0
108
0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84
100
80
60
40
20
0
108
0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
OS
(%)
8. STAMPEDE: High-Volume vs Low-Volume Disease
Clarke. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:1992. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
High-Burden Disease Low-Burden Disease
Overall
Survival
Overall
Survival
Control (n = 320)
Docetaxel (n = 148)
Control (n = 238)
Docetaxel (n = 124)
Time since randomization (years)
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.64 - 1.02), P = 0.064
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.54 - 1.07), P = 0.107
Time since randomization (years)
9. Abiraterone Acetate: LATITUDE and STAMPEDE Trials in
Advanced Prostate Cancer
LATITUDE: randomized, double-blind phase III
trial of abiraterone acetate + ADT vs placebo
+ ADT in patients with newly diagnosed
mHSPC (N = 1199)
High risk = at least 2 of the following 3
features: Gleason score ≥8, measurable
visceral metastasis, ≥3 bone lesions
STAMPEDE: randomized, open-label, multiarm,
multistage phase II/III trial (N = 1917)
Newly diagnosed metastatic disease that was
pelvic node–positive or high-risk locally
advanced with ≥2 high-risk features (Gleason
score 8-10, T3-T4, PSA ≥40 ng/mL)
Relapsing after local therapy with high-risk
features: PSA >4 ng/mL with doubling time
<6 mo, PSA >20 ng/mL, metastatic or nodal
relapse, <12 mo of total ADT including interval
>12 mo without treatment
Fizazi. NEJM. 2017;377:352. James. NEJM. 2017;377:338. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
11. Chi. NEJM. 2019;381:13.
TITAN: Apalutamide + ADT vs Placebo + ADT in mHSPC
International, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial
Primary endpoints: OS, radiographic PFS
Secondary endpoints: time to pain progression, time to SRE, time to chronic opioid use,
time to cytotoxic chemotherapy
Exploratory endpoints including time to PSA progression, PFS2
Patients with metastatic castration-
sensitive prostate cancer; ECOG PS 0/1;
prior ADT ≤6 mo for mCSPC or ≤3 yr for
local disease
(N = 1052)
Apalutamide 240 mg QD + ADT
(n = 525)
Placebo + ADT
(n = 527)
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
Gleason score (≤7 vs >7), region (NA/EU vs other),
prior docetaxel (yes vs no)
PD
13. ARCHES: Enzalutamide + ADT vs Placebo + ADT in
mHSPC
International, double-blind, randomized phase III trial
Armstrong. JCO. 2019;37:2974.
Primary endpoint: centrally assessed radiographic PFS
Secondary endpoints: OS, ORR, time to first SSE, PSA progression, time to new
antineoplastic therapy, time to castration resistance, PSA undetectable rate
Patients with mHSPC,
ECOG PS 0/1, on ADT for
≤3 mo or ≤6 mo if
received prior docetaxel
(N = 1150)
Until radiographic PD,
unacceptable toxicity, or
initiation of new or
investigational agent for PC
Enzalutamide 160 mg/day + ADT
(n = 574)
Placebo + ADT
(n = 576)
Stratified by disease volume (low
vs high*), previous docetaxel for
mHSPC (none vs 1-5 vs 6 cycles)
*High disease volume defined as either visceral metastases or ≥4 bone lesions with ≥1 lesion in bony structure beyond vertebral column and pelvic
bone.
20. STAMPEDE: SOC + Abiraterone Acetate/P
vs SoC + DocP
Recruitment: 11/2011 to 3/2013
Patients: SoC + DocP, n = 189; SoC + AAP, n = 377 (n = 566 randomized)
Sydes. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:1235. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
21. STAMPEDE: Docetaxel vs Abiraterone Comparison
Sydes. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:1235.
OS
Outcomes
OS
(%) Mo
SoC + AAP (n = 189)
SoC + DocP (n = 377)
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
48
0 12 24 36
100
80
60
40
20
0
HR
2.0
0.5 1.0
Favors
SoC + AAP
Favors
SoC + DocP
Failure-free survival
PFS
Metastatic PFS
Symptomatic
skeletal events
Cause-specific
survival
OS
HR = 1.16 (95% CI 0.82-1.65), P = .40
Strong
evidence
favoring
SoC + AAP
No
evidence
of
difference
22. Guideline Recommendations: 2021 Treatment Options
for mHSPC
ADT
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
ADT plus:
Abiraterone
Apalutamide
Enzalutamide
Docetaxel
ADT plus EBRT to primary tumor (for low-volume disease)
NCCN. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer. v2.2021.
How to choose? Quality of life and patient preferences must also be considered!
23. CHAARTED (Docetaxel): Comparison of Mean FACT-P
Morgans. JCO. 2018.36:1088. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
Time (months)
FACT-P
Total
122
120
118
116
114
12
0 3 6 9
ADT + Doc ADT alone 95% CI
24. LATITUDE (Abiraterone): Mean Change from Baseline
FACT-P
Chi. Lancet Oncol. 2018. 19:194. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
Treatment Cycle
FACT-P
total
score,
mean
change
from
baseline
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
0 33
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
ADT plus abiraterone acetate and predisone
ADT plus placebos
Better
Worse
26. ARCHES (Enzalutamide): Comparison of Mean FACT-P
Armstrong. ASCO GU 2019. Abstr 687. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
Analysis visit week
Baseline 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97
FACT-P
total
score,
mean
(95%
CI)
156
144
132
120
108
96
84
72
60
48
36
24
12
0
ENZA + ADT
PBO + ADT
Mean FACT-P Total Score
27. ENZAMET (Enzalutamide): Differences in Least Square
Means (EORTC QLQ-C30)
Stockler. ESMO 2019. Abstr 5387. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
HRQL scores over time
least squares mean difference, 95% CI, P value
Deterioration-free survival
percent deterioration-free at 3 years, P value
Physical Function
2.5, 1.2 to 3.8, P = .0002
Cognitive Function
3.9, 2.4 to 5.4, P <.0001
Fatigue
5.0, 3.3 to 6.7, P <.0001
Global Health and QOL
1.1, -0.4 to 2.6, P = .16
Physical Function
31% vs 22%, P = .001
Cognitive Function
33% vs 21%, P = .0003
Fatigue
26% vs 18%, P = .1
Global Health and QOL
32% vs 18%, P <.0001
Weeks
156
100
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
90
0 12 36 60 84 108 132
Weeks
156
100
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
90
0 12 36 60 84 108 132
Weeks
156
100
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
90
0 12 36 60 84 108 132
Weeks
156
100
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
90
0 12 36 60 84 108 132
Months
36
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
0 6 12 18 24 30
Proportion
Event-Free
Months
36
0 6 12 18 24 30
Months
36
0 6 12 18 24 30
Months
36
0 6 12 18 24 30
NSAA
Enzalutamide
28. STAMPEDE (Docetaxel vs Abiraterone): Global QoL
Rush. ASCO GU 2020. Abstr 14. Morgans. JCO. 2018.36:1088. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
Global QOL
Weeks from randomization
80
75
70
65
60
104
96
0 6 12 18 24 36 48 60 72 84
+ Docetaxel
95% CI
SOC
+ Abiraterone
95% CI
Better
Worse
Abiraterone
Docetaxel
29. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
Patients Also Consider Other Things!
How many clinic visits? How often?
How long will I need this treatment?
Pills or IV?
How does this affect my ability to work or care for my family?
How much will this cost?
30. Select Ongoing Randomized Phase III Trials in mHSPC
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
Trial Regimens Population
ARASENS
(NCT02799602)
ADT + docetaxel ± darolutamide
Newly diagnosed mHSPC
(planned N = 1300)
ARANOTE
(NCT04736199)
ADT ± darolutamide
mHSPC
(planned N = 555)
KEYNOTE-991
(NCT04191096)
ADT + enzalutamide ± pembrolizumab
mHSPC, no prior AR inhibitor
(planned N = 1232)
CAPItello-281
(NCT04493853)
ADT + abiraterone acetate ± capivasertib
De novo mHSPC, PTEN deficiency
(planned N = 1000)
TALAPRO-3
(NCT04821622)
Enzalutamide ± talazoparib
mHSPC, DDR mutation
(planned N = 550)
AMPLITUDE
(NCT04497844)
Abiraterone + prednisone ± niraparib
mHSPC, HRR gene alteration
(planned N = 788)
31. Overall Conclusions
Treatment intensification with docetaxel or an AR-targeted therapy is
the new standard of care for mHSPC
‒ ADT alone is no longer the standard of care for the vast majority of men
Treatment intensification is preferred regardless of how fast or far
PSA falls
Quality of life and patient preferences should be considered when
choosing treatment
‒ Shared decision-making can help match a patient with the right treatment
for him
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
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