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19/09/2010
1
Werken op het laboratorium
Kwaliteitszorg in de hydrobiologie
Michiel Wilhelm
Groep Monitoring
20 m/v actief in het water:
Vissen
Vegetatie, Fytoplankton, Zoöplankton
Fytobenthos, 
2
Macrofauna en 
Marien benthos
Proces hydrobiologische analyse
Fase 1
• Monstername
Fase 2
• Analyse (uitzoeken en 
determinatie)Fase 2 determinatie)
Fase 3
• Invoer in database en verder 
gebruik
Monstername
Het nemen van een net monster…..
Zo:
Monstername
Of
Zo: zo:
Uitzoeken (sorteren)
19/09/2010
2
Determineren
vroeger nu
Determineren
Invoer, controle en vastlegging Wat kan er mis gaan op het lab?
• Monsterconservering niet goed
• Monster zoek 
• Uitzoeken teveel / te weinig
• Erwtenmosseltjes missen 
D l t i t t d
Veel• Deelmonsters niet genoteerd
• Schattingen vergeten te noteren of invoeren
• Vrijgelaten beesten (veld) niet ingevoerd
• Werkstaat: achterkanten niet ingevoerd
• Determinatiefouten
Veel
Processen:
• Methodes vastleggen in protocollen
• Goede inwerkprocedures
• Controles inbouwen
• Netjes werken
• Leren van fouten en van elkaar
• Goede apparatuur (microscopen)
• Monstervolgsysteem‐database 
• Juiste literatuur
• Juiste mensen
Middelen
19/09/2010
3
Handboek: “Volg de standaard‐literatuur”
Determinatie van een kokerjuffer: 
Glyphotaelius pellucidus
Zijn we er dan?
13
“Werk netjes en maak geen fouten !”
De literatuur klopt prima.
3 stekels 
waarvan 1 
geel …
2 stekels, 1 licht, 
1 donker
14
voordij
15
De 3e stekel doet niet 
mee ‐maar hij is er wel!
Fouten identificeren en 
deze kennis delen
Als analist A zich kan vergissen dan analist B ook.
Verslaglegging: nuttig ook voor analisten C en D.
Systeem: centraal toegankelijke maken (website).
16
Voordelen:
• Kennisborging
• Opleidings‐traject
• Limnodata kwalitatief beter
Waar kunnen fouten toe leiden?
Uit validatie‐onderzoek Grontmij (2008)EKR bij meerdere monsters mafa beek
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.4
17
0.2
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
1 monster 2 monsters 3 monsters 4 monsters 5 monsters 6 monsters 7 monsters
Resultaten validatie‐onderzoek
• Spreiding 0,08 punt in KRW‐score.
• Alle monsters wel binnen 1 KRW‐klasse.
• 1 monster bevat 55 % van het totaal aantal soorten 
op deze locatie op monsterdag.
18
Te onderzoeken:
• Invloed op KRW‐score bij maximale variatie?
• Ervaring collega‐labs  met soortgelijke onderzoeken? 
19/09/2010
4
Gevoeligheidsanalyse
oorspronkelijke
monster
geslacht ipv
soort
weglaten 2
soorten
EKR 0,33 0,37 0,29
Beoordeling ontoereikend ontoereikend ontoereikend
Berekeningselementen uit deelmaatlatten:
3 0 totale abundantie voor berekening 129 130 1233.0 totale abundantie voor berekening 129 130 123
3.1 positief dominanten + kenm. taxa %
abund. 3.88 3.85 0.00
3.2 negatief dominanten % abund. 27.14 15.40 27.67
3.3 kenmerkende taxa % aantal 2.22 2.22 0.00
 
Borging kwaliteit
Lijnscontroles:
1e lijns door analist zelf
2e lijns onafhankelijk van analistj j
3e lijns onafhankelijke externe
Borging kwaliteit
Voorbeelden van controles van jezelf:
• Juiste monsterplek
• Etiketten en werkstaat vergelijken
• Gebruik van blanco, duplo (niet bij macrofauna), p ( j )
• Referentiecollectie (foto of echte beestjes) 
Borging kwaliteit
Voorbeelden van 2e lijnscontroles:
• Afstemming monsternemers
• Herintroductie monsters
• Interne coachingg
• Blinde monsters (niet bij macrofauna)
• Samen met andere labs?
Borging kwaliteit
Voorbeelden van 3e lijnscontroles:
• Ringonderzoeken
• (Buitenlandse) experts raadplegen
Willen en kunnen leren van eigen en (andermans) 
fouten
Wat moet een externe controle ons eigenlijk   
opleveren
?
?
Opleiding
• Geen opleiding tot hybi analist
• Wel belangrijk voor standaardisatie
• Bij wie ligt deze taak?
• In ieder geval helpt jong beginnen
19/09/2010
5
einde Discussie (I)
1e lijnscontroles bestaan niet in de 
hydrobiologie
De fout die monstername met zich 
meebrengt, overschaduwt het gehele 
proces.  De daarna gemaakte fouten 
vallen in het niet.
Wat verstaan we onder 2e lijnscontroles en 
wat niet.
Discussie (II)
Moeten er landelijke normen komen 
betreffende reproduceerbaarheidscijfers?
Heeft het zin om landelijk alle beschikbare j
validatieslagen eens te laten 
beschouwen?
Discussie (III)
Wat monsterneming betreft is het
zeer aan te bevelen om in
Nederland een jaarlijkse
bemonsteringsdag te organiseren
met veldwerkers van diverse
instituten om standaardisatie te
bewerkstelligen
Discussie (IV)

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Michiel Wilhelm