Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is one of the most successful national campaigns for sanitation initiatives to have ever been launched in India. The goal of this movement is to eliminate all forms of waste from Indian cities, including their air, water, and land. By Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birthday, the Swachh Bharat project is expected to have made India a clean nation.

1. Why Cleaning Up India Is Serious Business: Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is one of the most successful national campaigns for sanitation
initiatives to have ever been launched in India. The goal of this movement is to eliminate all
forms of waste from Indian cities, including their air, water, and land. By Mahatma Gandhi's
150th birthday, the Swachh Bharat project is expected to have made India a clean nation.
The Clean India Mission was launched by the Indian government in 2014 with the goals of
eradicating open defecation and enhancing solid waste management.
The Swachh Bharat Mission was introduced by Shri Narendra Modi, the Indian Prime
Minister, on Rajpath in New Delhi. By October 2nd, 2019, the goal of a "Clean India" will
have been started.
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan includes two sub-missions, usually known as Swachh Bharat Urban
and Swachh Bharat Rural, one for urban regions and the other for rural areas. The Ministries
of Drinking Water and Sanitation and Housing and Urban Affairs, respectively, oversee both
missions.
One of the main causes for the necessity for Swachh Bharata Abhiyan is the elimination of
open defecation. It affects a large portion of metropolitan India as well, not only the rural
parts of the nation. India has the greatest metropolitan population in the world with 41
million individuals defecating in public, leaving a blemish on the otherwise admirable
reputation of our nation.
While complete sanitation in rural India continues to be very difficult, metropolitan India is
also a problem. These are a few of the significant issues and obstacles standing in the way of
Urban India's Swachh dreams:
Where is The Space?
The largest problem with building toilets in cities in urban India is a shortage of space in
towns and major cities. Due to the prevalence of several illegal colonies and slums, building
individual family toilets is a huge difficulty, particularly in metro areas like Delhi, Pune, and
Mumbai. Where and how can we fit restrooms in urban India with all the space constraints?
Where are the Sewage Systems and Piped Water Supply?
One of the main problems is the absence of sewage systems. And if there are sewage
systems, they are out-of-date since they discharge sewage into bodies of water. Water
pollution is another issue we have battled for years. The majority of India's metro sewage
systems are decades old and rely on delivering garbage directly to rivers and canals. Due to
the fact that 294 of India's 816 sewage treatment plants (STPs) are still inoperable, the
country cannot handle 70% of its urban sewage pollution. The idea of a Swachh Bharat still
exists only as a piped water supply and obsolete sewage systems.
Difficulty in Reaching Out
Only when individuals are thoroughly aware of a project's existence can it be successful.
However, authorities have not been successful in raising awareness of the Swachh Bharat
Abhiyan. The urban population's behaviour has not changed as a result of advertisements or
wall graffiti. A budget of Rs. 1,800 crores has already been given to the Swachh Bharat
Mission for public awareness, which should be utilised to adopt some creative approaches of
connecting with people and observing behavioural change.

2. Conclusion
India's urban and rural sanitation issues share a number of characteristics. Space,
demographic, behaviour, and financial issues are just a few of the frequent issues in both
urban and rural India.