This document discusses a study that is investigating how German adults label and name novel hybrid objects. The study uses digitally manipulated photo stimuli showing hybrid objects made of two identifiable components. It observes whether participants produce names for these objects orally or in writing, and examines how naming is influenced by factors like age, education, and response mode. The study is part of a larger research project exploring how novel objects are processed linguistically and cognitively across different languages and populations.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
We start with a linguistic discussion of language, its properties, and the study of language in philosophy and linguistics. We then investigate natural languages, controlled languages, and artificial languages to emphasise the human ability to control and construct languages. At the end, we arrive at the notion of software languages as means to communicate software between people.
Present article examines the psycholinguistic factors that affect ease of learning foreign language vocabulary acquisition. Demonstrate the orthographic and phonological patterns of vocabulary acquisition. by Egamberdieva Shakhzoda Damirovna, Egamberdieva Farida Oktamovna, Egamberdiev Khumoyun and Ergasheva Yulduz 2020. Psycholinguistic conditions in vocabulary acquisition. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 3 (Mar. 2020), 23-25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i3.251. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/251/244 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/251
How do we generate spoken words This issue is a fasci-natin.docxwellesleyterresa
How do we generate spoken words? This issue is a fasci-
nating one. In normal fluent conversation we produce two
to three words per second, which amounts to about four syl-
lables and ten or twelve phonemes per second. These words
are continuously selected from a huge repository, the men-
tal lexicon, which contains at least 50–100 thousand words
in a normal, literate adult person1. Even so, the high speed
and complexity of word production does not seem to make
it particularly error-prone. We err, on average, no more
than once or twice in 1000 words2. This robustness no
doubt has a biological basis; we are born talkers. But in ad-
dition, there is virtually no other skill we exercise as much as
word production. In no more than 40 minutes of talking a
day, we will have produced some 50 million word tokens by
the time we reach adulthood.
The systematic study of word production began in the
late 1960s, when psycholinguists started collecting and ana-
lyzing corpora of spontaneous speech errors (see Box 1).
The first theoretical models were designed to account for
the patterns of verbal slips observed in these corpora. In a
parallel but initially independent development, psycholin-
guists adopted an already existing chronometric approach
to word production (Box 1). Their first models were de-
signed to account for the distribution of picture naming la-
tencies obtained under various experimental conditions.
Although these two approaches are happily merging in
current theorizing, all existing models have a dominant kin-
ship: their ancestry is either in speech error analysis or it is
in chronometry. In spite of this dual perspective, there is a
general agreement on the processes to be modeled.
Producing words is a core part of producing utterances; ex-
plaining word production is part of explaining utterance
production3,4. In producing an utterance, we go from some
communicative intention to a decision about what infor-
mation to express – the ‘message’. The message contains one
or more concepts for which we have words in our lexicon,
and these words have to be retrieved. They have syntactic
properties, such as being a noun or a transitive verb, which
we use in planning the sentence, that is in ‘grammatical en-
coding’. These syntactic properties taken together, we call
the word’s ‘lemma’. Words also have morphological and
phonological properties that we use in preparing their syl-
labification and prosody, that is in ‘phonological encoding’.
Ultimately, we must prepare the articulatory gestures for
each of these syllables, words and phrases in the utterance.
The execution of these gestures is the only overt part of the
entire process.
This review will first introduce the two kinds of word
production model. It will then turn to the computational
steps in producing a word: conceptual preparation, lexical
selection, phonological encoding, phonetic encoding and
articulation. This review does not cover models of word
reading.
Two kinds of model ...
A brief review of theoretical underpinning, definitions and typical configura...James Cook University
Yazdi Amirkhiz, S. Y., Kamariah, A. B., Roselan, B., Arshad, A. S., & Hajhashemi, K. (2012). A brief review of theoretical underpinning, definitions and typical configurations of collaborative writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 1(4), 197-204.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to review the underlying concepts, theoretical background, the existing definitions, various forms of collaborative writing normally used in educational settings as well as some sample studies carried out in different contexts. The article begins by providing an epistemological dichotomy of the existing educational paradigms and discusses the positioning of collaborative learning in relation to the dichotomy (transmissional vs. transformative). It then considers how collaborative writing is theoretically backed up by the ideas of Bakhtin (1981), Halliday (1978), and Vygotsky (1978). The review also compares the salient definitions of collaborative writing and critically contrasts various configurations of collaborative writing with regard to the findings of research studies. The article concludes by recommending a few directions for the future research.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
We start with a linguistic discussion of language, its properties, and the study of language in philosophy and linguistics. We then investigate natural languages, controlled languages, and artificial languages to emphasise the human ability to control and construct languages. At the end, we arrive at the notion of software languages as means to communicate software between people.
Present article examines the psycholinguistic factors that affect ease of learning foreign language vocabulary acquisition. Demonstrate the orthographic and phonological patterns of vocabulary acquisition. by Egamberdieva Shakhzoda Damirovna, Egamberdieva Farida Oktamovna, Egamberdiev Khumoyun and Ergasheva Yulduz 2020. Psycholinguistic conditions in vocabulary acquisition. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 3 (Mar. 2020), 23-25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i3.251. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/251/244 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/251
How do we generate spoken words This issue is a fasci-natin.docxwellesleyterresa
How do we generate spoken words? This issue is a fasci-
nating one. In normal fluent conversation we produce two
to three words per second, which amounts to about four syl-
lables and ten or twelve phonemes per second. These words
are continuously selected from a huge repository, the men-
tal lexicon, which contains at least 50–100 thousand words
in a normal, literate adult person1. Even so, the high speed
and complexity of word production does not seem to make
it particularly error-prone. We err, on average, no more
than once or twice in 1000 words2. This robustness no
doubt has a biological basis; we are born talkers. But in ad-
dition, there is virtually no other skill we exercise as much as
word production. In no more than 40 minutes of talking a
day, we will have produced some 50 million word tokens by
the time we reach adulthood.
The systematic study of word production began in the
late 1960s, when psycholinguists started collecting and ana-
lyzing corpora of spontaneous speech errors (see Box 1).
The first theoretical models were designed to account for
the patterns of verbal slips observed in these corpora. In a
parallel but initially independent development, psycholin-
guists adopted an already existing chronometric approach
to word production (Box 1). Their first models were de-
signed to account for the distribution of picture naming la-
tencies obtained under various experimental conditions.
Although these two approaches are happily merging in
current theorizing, all existing models have a dominant kin-
ship: their ancestry is either in speech error analysis or it is
in chronometry. In spite of this dual perspective, there is a
general agreement on the processes to be modeled.
Producing words is a core part of producing utterances; ex-
plaining word production is part of explaining utterance
production3,4. In producing an utterance, we go from some
communicative intention to a decision about what infor-
mation to express – the ‘message’. The message contains one
or more concepts for which we have words in our lexicon,
and these words have to be retrieved. They have syntactic
properties, such as being a noun or a transitive verb, which
we use in planning the sentence, that is in ‘grammatical en-
coding’. These syntactic properties taken together, we call
the word’s ‘lemma’. Words also have morphological and
phonological properties that we use in preparing their syl-
labification and prosody, that is in ‘phonological encoding’.
Ultimately, we must prepare the articulatory gestures for
each of these syllables, words and phrases in the utterance.
The execution of these gestures is the only overt part of the
entire process.
This review will first introduce the two kinds of word
production model. It will then turn to the computational
steps in producing a word: conceptual preparation, lexical
selection, phonological encoding, phonetic encoding and
articulation. This review does not cover models of word
reading.
Two kinds of model ...
A brief review of theoretical underpinning, definitions and typical configura...James Cook University
Yazdi Amirkhiz, S. Y., Kamariah, A. B., Roselan, B., Arshad, A. S., & Hajhashemi, K. (2012). A brief review of theoretical underpinning, definitions and typical configurations of collaborative writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 1(4), 197-204.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to review the underlying concepts, theoretical background, the existing definitions, various forms of collaborative writing normally used in educational settings as well as some sample studies carried out in different contexts. The article begins by providing an epistemological dichotomy of the existing educational paradigms and discusses the positioning of collaborative learning in relation to the dichotomy (transmissional vs. transformative). It then considers how collaborative writing is theoretically backed up by the ideas of Bakhtin (1981), Halliday (1978), and Vygotsky (1978). The review also compares the salient definitions of collaborative writing and critically contrasts various configurations of collaborative writing with regard to the findings of research studies. The article concludes by recommending a few directions for the future research.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
1. New names for new things
Susanne R. Borgwaldt
University of Braunschweig, Department of German Linguistics
Productivity, one of the defining features of human language (Hockett, 1960),
encompasses language users’ ability to create new words, such as new names for new
concepts.
Novel objects can for example be described by phrases that specify the object’s salient
features or its presumed function. Novel hybrid objects, objects that are composed of two
identifiable parts, might also elicit novel nominal compounds, concatenations of the labels for
the object’s compenents in languages that employ compounding as a means of word
formation.
Nominal compounding is one of the most basic word formation processes, and as such
generally favoured over derivational processes (Mühlhäusler, 1986). Especially in Germanic
languages, compounding is quite frequently employed, allowing for a variety of relations
between the compound’s parts (Downing, 1977), and enriching the languages’ vocabularies
with lexicalized compounds, such as butterfly, as well as with novel compounds, ad-hoc
coinages, such as paper fly, that are created effortlessly on the fly by language users.
Using hybrid picture stimuli, that is, digitally manipulated photographs depicting
hybrid objects composed of two equally salient components, this study investigates labelling
choices among German adults, exploring the influences of response mode, i.e. oral or written
production, age and education on production patterns. The study is part of a larger research
project that aims to explore linguistic, cognitive and developmental aspects of novel object
processing in a broader range of languages and populations.
References
Downing, P. (1977). On the creation and use of English compound nouns. Language, 53, 810
– 842.
Hockett, C. (1960). The origin of speech. Scientific American, 203, 88–96.
Mühlhäusler, P. (1986). Pidgin and creole linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
