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Student handbook hindi 7 july 2017
- 1. 1 Ekk/;fed f”k{kk rS;kjh dk;ZØe & ,l-,l-vkj-ih- fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, vH;kl iqfLrdk fgUnh
- 3. 1 izkDdFku mÙkj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku vkSj dqlqek Qkm.Ms”ku ds la;qDr iz;kl ls l= 2016&2017 esa ik¡p tuinksa& y[kuÅ] mUuko] lhrkiqj] jk;cjsyh ,oa y[kheiqj [khjh ds 52 rFkk gjnksbZ tuin ds 25 jktdh; ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa ^mn~Hko dk;ZØe* dk “kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA mn~Hko dk;ZØe jktdh; ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk&9 esa izos”k ysus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vf/kxe Lrj dks d{kkuq:i cukus dk ,d iz;kl gS rkfd mUgsa ek/;fed ,oa mPp f”k{kk izkIr djus esa vklkuh gks ldsA lkFk gh bl dk;ZØe ds fØ;kUo;u vkSj f”k{k.k dh xq.koÙkk c<+kus gsrq f”k{kdksa ds {kerko)Zu dk Hkh izko/kku gSA jk’Vªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku dh uhfr;ksa ds vuq:i ,oa blds mn~ns”;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq dqlqek Qkm.Ms”ku us ^mn~Hko dk;ZØe* dk fodkl fd;k ftls gjnksbZ tuin ds 25 jktdh; ,oa jktdh; lgk;rk izkIr ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa foxr rhu o’kksZa ls lQyrkiwoZd lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA blds varxZr d{kk 9 ,oa 10 ds fo|kfFkZ;ksaa ds orZeku vf/kxe Lrj dk fu/kkZj.k dj muds lkFk dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh f”k{k.k vf/kxe izfØ;k dks csgrj cukus ds fy, dqlqek Qkm.Ms”ku }kjk fodflr fo’k; vk/kkfjr lalk/ku fo|kfFkZ;ksaa ,oa f”k{kdksa dks miyC/k djk;s tkrs gSaA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr f”k{kd izf”k{k.k vk;ksftr fd;s tkrs gSa rFkk fo|ky; Lrj ij f”k{kdksa dks lg;ksx iznku djus gsrq ftyk lalk/ku lewg ¼fMfLVªDV fjlkslZ xzqi½ dk xBu fd;k tkrk gSA blls f”k{k.k dks izHkkoh cukus ds fy, fofHkUu f”k{k.k fof/k;ksa dks le>us ,oa lh[kus esa f”k{kdksa dks lgk;rk feyrh gSA jk’Vaªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku ds mís”;ksa dh iwfrZ gsrq mÙkj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku jkT; ds mi;qZDr tuinksa ds p;fur fo|ky;ksa esa ^mn~Hko dk;ZØe* o vU; fo|ky;ksa esa jk’Vaªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku }kjk vknsf”kr *fjesfM;y d{kk,a* fØ;kfUor djus dk fu”p; fd;k x;k gSA mn~Hko dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr f”k{k.k eq[; :i ls pkj fo’k;ksa ¼xf.kr] foKku] vaxzsth o fgUnh½ ij dsfUnzr gS vkSj blds fØ;kUo;u dh vof/k nks o’kZ dh gSA lkFk gh jk’Vªah; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku ds vUrxZr fjesfM;y d{kk,a rhu fo’k;ksa ¼xf.kr] vxzsath vkSj foKku½ ij dsfUnzr gSa vkSj blds fØ;kUo;u dh vof/k 45 fnuksa dh gSA mÙkj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku }kjk jkT; ds “ks’k fo|ky;ksa esa fjesfM;y d{kk,a “kq: djus gsrq dqlqek }kjk fufeZr mnHko dk;ZØe ds lalk/kuksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA foxr o’kZ dh rjg bl o’kZ 2017&2018 esa Hkh bl dk;ZØe dh lQyrk vki f”k{kdksa] iz/kkukpk;ksZa] fMfLVªDV fjlkslZ xzqi ,oa LVsV fjlkslZ xzqi ds lnL;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ,oa ifjJe ij gh fuHkZj gS ftl ij gesa iw.kZ fo”okl gSA ge bl dk;ZØe dh lQyrk ds fy;s vkidks gkfnZd “kqHkdkeuk,a nsrs gSaA ;w-ih-,e-,l-,- Vhe dqlqek Vhe
- 5. 3 ifjp; ;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh viuh vH;kl iqfLrdk gSA bldk mn~ns”; Qkm.Ms”ku dSai esa fd, tk jgs dkeksa dks xgjkbZ ls lh[kus esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh enn djuk gSA ;g bl rjg ls cukbZ xbZ gS fd f”k{kd igys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dksbZ n{krk fl[kk,axs vkSj fQj mlds vH;kl ds fy, blesa dqN iz”u fn, x, gSaaA mu iz”uksa ds mRrj nsus ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mu n{krkvksa dks iDdk djus esa enn feysxhA bl vH;kl iqfLrdk esa dbZ txg ,sls iz”u fn, x, gSa ftUgsa djus ds ckn d{kk esa izLrqr djuk gS rFkk ml ij lkFkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa o f”k{kd ds lkFk ckr djuh gSA vke rkSj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bl ij ,d fnu esa nks ckj dke djuk iM+sxkA f”k{kd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks crk nsaxs fd mUgsa bl ij dc dke djuk gSA bl vH;kl iqfLrdk esa dqN iz”u ,sls fn, x, gSa tks f”k{kd }kjk fl[kkbZ xbZ n{krk ds vH;kl ds fy, gSa vkSj dqN iz”u ,sls gSa tks f”k{kd }kjk fl[kkbZ xbZ n{krk dks mlds vxys Lrj ij bLrseky djus ds fy, gSA ,sls iz”u fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkeus muds Kku dks FkksM+k QSykus ds fy, j[ks x, gSa rkfd os mu pqukSfr;ksa ls tw> dj viuh Hkk’kk dh le> dks FkksM+k vkSj fodflr dj ik,aA
- 6. 4 dk;Zi=d& 1% rkfydk esa fn;s x;s v{kjksa dks tksM+dj 'kCn cukvks vk yw yks Vk i uk e V j l dk tw jk ew yh tw rk yk e dk yk g jk gk l c uh yw pks j xh yk yh pk Vh l -----------twrk----------------- -----------------uhyh----------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- dk;Zi=d& 2% tkuoj vkSj lfCt;ksa ds uke NkaVdj fy[kks vk fx y g jh d yw V ca xks Hkh V l ek n pw gk g e V j es Fkh y ‘ks j Fk t nk ew xk t j ykS dh yh ----------xktj------------------ -----------gkFkh------------ ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
- 7. 5 dk;Zi=d& 3% fp= ns[kdj lgh 'kCn fy[kks xks@”k@j@[k ------------------------------------------------------ r@jh@N ------------------------------------------------------ bZ@fd@lk@y ------------------------------------------------------ c@fd@rk ------------------------------------------------------ gk@pw ------------------------------------------------------ n@y@ck ------------------------------------------------------ dk;Zi=d& 4% uhps fn, x, o.kZ ,oa ek=kvksa ls 'kCn cukvks [k e j y r vk u c d k h f cky fdrkc --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
- 8. 6 dk;Zi=d& 5% “kCnksa dks i<+ks tgkt nokr xeyk jetku tkiku tx xM+cM+ jk[kh vjeku tytyk njckj xjeh jtkbZ xktj cjxn uV[kV vktkn cjdr bejrh [kjk v[kckj cktkj dgkuh jktk jkuh uFk nhid ,sud gkFkh Fkjel eVdk vukjdyh ued v[kckj dguk vki iyd gkFk ijh csy rkjk txex fgykuk Fkdku ihVuk dku csyu dky dk;Zi=d& 6% fp= ns[kdj mldk uke fy[kks ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
- 9. 7 eksgu ckx esa x;kA dy jk[kh FkhA jeu eVdk cukrk FkkA og ?kj ij gSA ckny xjtus yxsA vkt cktkj esa gkFkh ns[kkA vktkn us ,d dgkuh cukbZA rqe cktkj tkvksA ehuk us nkor nhA vkidk uke vfuy FkkA geus yky fdyk ns[kkA dy cjlkr gqbZ FkhA edku esa tkys yxs FksA lksgu cktkj x;kA dk;Zi=d& 8% fp= ns[kdj okD; iwjk djks lhrk--------------------------------ykbZA rqe--------------------------------------[kkvksA ---------------------------------cktkj x;kA dk;Zi=d& 7% uhps fn, okD;ksa dks i<+ks
- 10. 8 eksgu-----------------------------ysdj vk;kA vdje--------------------------ij x;kA ---------------------------[kV~Vh gksrh gSaA dk;Zi=d& 9% uhps fn, okD;ksa dks i<+ks jke cktkj tk jgk gSA jktk iihrk [kkrk FkkA cdjh phuh [kk jgh FkhA nhid gjk ikyd ykukA edku dh dher de FkhA ehuk chekj FkhA dy eSnku [kkyh FkkA jktk rktegy rd iSny pykA cdjh pkjk [kkrh gSA gkFkh vkjke dj jgk FkkA ?kj ij [kkuk j[kk gSA ckyd [khj [kk jgk gSA ;g FkSyk eSyk gSA fxygjh VekVj [kk jgh FkhA
- 11. 9 dk;Zi=d& 10% 'kCnksa dks lgh Øe esa tekdj okD; fy[kks ukprk @ gS @ taxy @ eksj @ esa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSM+ @ ?kksM+k @ gS @ jgk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esjh @ ;g @ gS @ isfUly ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gS @ ?kkl @ xk; @ [kkrh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qy@cktkj@eksgu@yk;k@ls ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eVds@dkSvs@ls@ikuh@us@ih;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dk;Zi=d& 11% uhps fn, okD;ksa dks i<+ks xhrk Nr ij Qy [kk jgh FkhA ckyd Bqed Bqed dj ukp jgk gSA pqfg;k vkt dfork xk jgh gSA vkt lqcg nqdku ij >xM+k gqvkA fdlku tehu dh tqrkbZ dj jgk gSA gkFkh >hy dk ikuh ih jgk FkkA eSaus vkt fdrkc dh dfork lqukbZ FkhA vkt lqcg ehjk dgkuh lquk jgh FkhA vkte Nr ij cSBdj jk;rk ih jgk gSA lhrk jktk jkuh dh dgkuh lqukrh gSA Hkkyw ukp fn[kk jgk FkkA nhikoyh ij cgqr feBkbZ [kkbZA edku dk pwuk fxj jgk FkkA eerk Hkkyw vk jgk gSA
- 12. 10 dk;Zi=d& 12% Jqrys[k fy[kks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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- 13. 11 dk;Zi=d& 13% uhps fn, okD;ksa dks i<+ks fufdrk dks bZuke fn;k x;kA eksgu rkyk ys dj vk;kA vke idk gqvk gSA uy Vid jgk gSA yhyk cktkj tk dj vk xbZA ;g ml fnu dh ckr gSA [ksr ij cktjk ns[kus x;sA djhe tqrkbZ djds vk;kA ge eqckfjdiqj ls ikVu x;sA vkt rks vksys fxjsA [ksr ij cjxn yxk;kA gkfen ds ?kj gkFkh vk x;kA nhid [kkuiqj ls vk x;kA cdjh ?kkl pj jgh gSA dk;Zi=d& 14% fp= ns[kdj okD; fy[kks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 14. 12 dk;Zi=d& 15% i<+ks rkykc ds fdukjs cr[k jgrh FkhA rky&ryS;k esa lc ugkrsA dks;y] eksj] iihgk] xkrsA rkykc esa dey f[kyrs FksA jkr cM+h fnu NksVs vk,A ljlksa Qwyh ihyh&ihyhA [ksr esa fdlku dke djrk gSA mlus ,d rjdhc viukbZA ekekth ehBs&ehBs Qy yk,A vkt xq:th us le; ij cqyk;k gSA ge lc feydj dke iwjk djsaxsA ckny xjtrs jgsa] fctyh pedrh jghA lisjk [ksy fn[kkus vk;k FkkA lcus jsy dk [ksy [ksykA dk;Zi=d& 16% uhps fn;s x;s 'kCnksa ls okD; cukvks pkdw lCth eSa cktkj dkVrk csyu gw¡ og pdyk jksVh csyrk vkVk Fkkyh [kkvks eq>ls cukvks -----------------eSa lCth dkVrk gw¡ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 15. 13 dk;Zi=d& 17% uhps fn;s x;s 'kCnksa dks okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djks ?kksM+k ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- taxy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cktkj ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- “kknh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esyk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?kj ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gkFkh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pIiy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dk;Zi=d& 18% i<+ks ,d Fkh NksVh eNyhA og b/kj&m/kj [ksyrh jgrhA dHkh ikuh ls ckgj rkdrhA dHkh uhps vkdj [kkuk [kkrhA dHkh lgsyh ds lkFk ukprh&xkrhA exj og dHkh ugha Fkdrh FkhA og ges”kk [ksyrh jgrhA dk;Zi=d& 19% i<+ks esjs xk¡o dk uke vtcx<+ gSA xk¡o esa ,d efUnj gSA efUnj ds ikl gh ikB”kkyk gSA ikB”kkyk ds ihNs iapk;r ?kj vkSj nok[kkuk gSA xk¡o ds ckgj lMd+ ds fdukjs ,d ljk; gSA ;gk¡ clsa #drh gSaA xk¡o ds yksx cl ls “kgj tkrs gSaA xk¡o esa lHkh feytqy dj jgrs gSaA dk;Zi=d& 20% dgkuh i<+ks vkSj iz”uksa ds mRrj nks “ksj vkSj Hkkyw fe= FksA nksuksa rkykc ij ikuh ihus x;sA rkykc ds fdukjs dhpM+ FkkA Hkkyw dhpM+ esa Q¡l x;kA “ksj us Hkkyw dks [khapkA Hkkyw ckgj vk x;kA nksuksa fe= cgqr [kq”k gq;sA rkykc ij ikuh ihus dkSu&dkSu x;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkkyw dks fdlus cpk;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nksuksa fe= [kq”k D;ksa gq, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 16. 14 dk;Zi=d& 21% Jqrys[k fy[kks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dk;Zi=d& 22% dgkuh i<+ks vkSj iz”uksa ds mRrj nks fcYyh ds rhu cPps FksA ,d dkyk] ,d Hkwjk vkSj ,d lQsnA rhuksa us ,d pwgk ns[kk vkSj os mlds ihNs HkkxsA pwgk mpddj vkVs ds fMCcs esa dwn x;kA ,d&,d djds os rhuksa Hkh fMCcs esa dwn x,A ysfdu rc rd pwgk fMCcs ls ckgj fudy vk;kA rhuksa cPps mnkl gksdj fMCcs ls ckgj fudysA mu rhuksa dk jax lQsn gks x;k FkkA fcYyh ds cPpksa dk jax dSlk Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- os fdls idM+uk pkgrs Fks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rhuksa cPpksa dk jax lQsn D;ksa gks x;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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- 17. 15 dk;Zi=d& 23% fp= ns[kdj nks okD; fy[kks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dk;Zi=d& 24% dgkuh i<+ks ,d canj isM+ ij cSBk FkkA canj dh iw¡N cgqr yEch FkhA bruh yEch Fkh fd tehu rd yVd jgh FkhA ,d fxygjh tehu ij mNy&dwn jgh FkhA vpkud mls iw¡N fn[kkbZ nhA mlus lkspk ;g >wyk dgk¡ ls vk x;k FkksM+h nsj igys rks ugha FkkA og iw¡N ij p<+dj >wyus yxhA canj dks xqnxqnh gqbZA mlus uhps ns[kkA og cksyk&fxygjh cgu! D;k dj jgh gks eq>s xqnxqnh gks jgh gSA fxygjh pkSadh canj HkS;k] ;g rqe gks eSa rks rqEgkjh iw¡N dks >wyk le>dj >wy jgh FkhA cM+k etk vk jgk FkkA fxygjh lkspus yxh fd blh rjg jkst&jkst >wyk >wyus dks feys rks eq>s fdruk etk vk;sxkA fxygjh galrh gqbZ isM+ dh Mkyh ij p<+ xbZA vc bl dgkuh dk “kh’kZd fy[kks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 18. 16 dk;Zi=d& 25% bl dfork dks i<+ks Ng lky dh Nksdjh] Hkjdj ykbZ VksdjhA Vksdjh esa vke gSa] ugha crkrh nke gSA fn[kk&fn[kkdj Vksdjh] gesa cqykrh NksdjhA ge dks nsrh vke gS] ugha crkrh uke gSA uke ugha vc iwNuk] gesa vke gS pwlukA dk;Zi=d& 26% nqdkunkj D;k lksp jgk gksxk fy[kks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 19. 17 dk;Zi=d& 27% dgkuh i<+ks vkSj iz”uksa ds mRrj nks ,d ckj ,d gkFkh lks jgk FkkA mls lksrk ns[k fxygjh vkbZA og mldh ihB ij p<+ xbZA gkFkh lksrk jgkA fQj [kjxks”k Hkh mldh ihB ij p<+ x;kA fQj ,d fgju vk;kA oks Hkh gkFkh dh ihB ij p<+ x;kA rhuksa ihB ij [ksyus yxsA vpkud gkFkh tkx x;k vkSj [kM+k gks x;kA fxygjh vkSj [kjxks”k >V ls Hkkx x;sA cspkjk fgju uhps fxj x;kA og gkFkh ls Mj x;kA mls yxk] gkFkh mls ekjus okyk gSA exj gkFkh us mlls dgk] ^Mjks erA esjh ihB ij vkvksA^ gkFkh mls ihB ij fcBkdj ?kqekus yxkA gkFkh dh ihB ij dkSu&dkSu p<+ x;k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fgju D;ksa Mj x;k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gkFkh us fgju ls D;k dgk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dk;Zi=d& 28% fp= esa D;k gks jgk gS fy[kks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 20. 18 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dk;Zi=d& 29% dfork i<+ks HkdHkd Nqd&Nqd Hkkxh jsy] jsye&isy] jsye&isy] jsye&isyA >ViV&ljiV Hkkxh jsy] lcdk esy djkrh jsy] vkxs&vkxs tkrh jsy] jsye&isy] jsye&isy] jsye&isyA dsys ys ys] lso ys ys] cksys ckck] csj ys ys] [kkrs&ihrs] [ksysa [ksy] jsye&isy] jsye&isy] jsye&isyA HkdHkd Nqd&Nqd Hkkxh jsy] jsye&isy] jsye&isy] jsye&isyA dk;Zi=d&30% lkspdj fy[kks ;s nksuksa cPps xehZ dh NqfV~V;ksa ds ckn feys gSaA ;s vkil esa D;k ckr dj jgs gksxsa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 21. 19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dk;Zi=d& 31% fp= ns[kdj dgkuh fy[kks jhuk uke dh ,d yM+dh FkhA mlus ,d fcYyh iky j[kh FkhA mldk uke------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 22. 20 dk;Zi=d& 32% i<+ks vkSj uhps fy[ks iz”uksa ds mRrj nks ^n”kgjk* uke lqurs gh eu esa vtc lk mRlkg vkSj vkuUn Hkj tkrk gSA lHkh cPps blesa yxus okys esys dk cM+h cslczh ls bUrtkj djrs gSaA rjg&rjg dh rS;kfj;k¡ djrs gSaA dksbZ u;s diM+s cuokrk gS rks dksbZ [kjhns tkus okys [ksy&f[kykSuksa dh lwph cukrk gSA dksbZ esys esa yxus okys pj[ks&>wys ds vkuUn esa Mwck jgrk gSA bl volj ij gksus okyh jkeyhyk dh rks ckr gh fujkyh gSA bldh rS;kjh igys ls dh tkrh gS vkSj bldk vk;kstu dbZ fnuksa rd pyrk gSA vyx&vyx fnuksa esa jkek;.k ds vyx&vyx Hkkx dk eapu fd;k tkrk gSA izk;% cPps jkek;.k ds ik=kas dk vfHku; djrs ns[ks tkrs gSaA bl esys esa NksVh&cM+h dbZ nqdkus yxrh gS ftlesa feBkb;k¡] xksy&xIis] pkV&idkSM+h] xqCckjs] pj[kh&ckts] feV~Vh ds crZu vkfn cPpksa ls ysdj cM+ksa ds mi;ksx dh lkexzh gksrh gSA dqN rks iwjs lky blh esys dk bUrtkj djrs gSaA n”kgjs ds fnu jkeyhyk esa jko.k&o/k ds }kjk vlR; ij lR; dh thr dk lUns”k nsrs gq, ;g esyk iwjk gksrk gSA ;g ikB fdl esys ds ckjs esa gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ n”kgjs ds esys ds fy, D;k rS;kjh dh tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dk;Zi=d& 33% lkspdj fy[kks lksgu viuh e”khu lgh djkus dkyw feL=h dh nqdku ij vk;kA mu nksuksa esa D;k ckr gqbZ gksxh vius “kCnkssa esa fyf[k,A ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 23. 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dk;Zi=d& 34% dgkuh i<+ks rksrk cspus okyk fpYyk jgk Fkk ^^rksrk ys yksA rksrk ys yksA cM+k gksf”k;kj rksrk gSA vkils ckr Hkh dj ldrk gSA ,d jktk m/kj ls tk jgk FkkA mlus ns[kk vkSj rksrs ls iwNk&vPNk! Rkqe ckr Hkh dj ldrs gks rksrk cksyk&blesa D;k “kd gS jktk izlUu gqvk vkSj rksrs dks egy esa ys vk;kA ,d fnu jktk us rksrs ls iwNk& D;k eSa ,d vPNk jktk gw¡ rksrk cksyk& blesa D;k “kd gS jktk us iwNk& esjh iztk eq>ls izse djrh gS rksrs us tcko fn;k& blesa D;k “kd gS jktk us dgk& D;k esjk dksbZ “k=q Hkh gS rksrk cksyk&blesa D;k “kd gS jktk&rqe mls tkurs gks rksrk& blesa D;k “kd gS jktk&uke crkvkxs rksrk& blesa D;k “kd gS jktk&crkvks ukA rksrk& blesa D;k “kd gS jktk&crkvks HkhA rksrk& blesa D;k “kd gS jktk&D;k ,d gh jV yxk j[kh gS rksrk& blesa D;k “kd gS jktk&csodwQ gks D;k rksrk& blesa D;k “kd gS jktk&rks eSa gh csodwQ Fkk] tks rqEgs [kjhndj yk;kA rksrk& blesa D;k “kd gS vc uhps fy[ks iz”uksa ds mRrj nks jktk rksrs dks D;ksa [kjhndj yk;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jktk rksrs ls D;k tkuuk pkgrk Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ rksrk gj ckj D;k cksyrk Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ blds ckn jktk us rksrs dk D;k fd;k gksxk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 24. 22 dk;Zi=d& 35% fn, x, 'kCnksa ls ,d dgkuh cukvks canj] taxy] 'ksj] rkykc] tkuoj] lHkk] pwgk ---,d taxy FkkA---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dk;Zi=d& 36% uhps fn;s x;s fp=ksa dks ns[kdj ,d dgkuh cukvks
- 28. 4 This Teaching-Learning material is part of Kusuma Foundation’s Secondary School Readiness Programme (SSRP) and its scale up supported by Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (UPMSA) through its Udbhav Programme and state wide remedial programme. This material has been developed by Kusuma Foundation with support from subject experts and consultants and is intended for use by students, teachers and teacher educators of secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh. The material also draws upon existing curricula, education materials and manuals, the experience and views of teachers and also includes original material. The material has been finalised after review and endorsement by the State Resource Group (SRG) set up by UPMSA. The material and its contents may not be sold or used for any commercial purpose. The manual and its contents may be reproduced and used for educational purposes. Permission for reproduction and use may be obtained from Kusuma at udbhav@kusumatrust.org or info@kusumafoundation.co.in Funded by the Kusuma Trust UK (www.kusumatrust.org) © 2017 Kusuma Trust UK Kusuma believes that every child and young person has the potential to transform and improve their life. Our mission is to facilitate and increase access to education and other life opportunities for children and young people. Kusuma enables children and young people to realise their potential. Our focus is to improve education outcomes, and understand and address major barriers in education. Kusuma Foundation (www.kusumafoundation.in) : State office, Hardoi Ist Floor, Surendra Pal Pathak Complex, Civil line, Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh-241001, Contact Number: +91-05852-235010 Registered Office, New Delhi A-21, Third Floor Green Park main, Aurbindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016, Contact Number: +91-11-41500321|22|24