The Rocky Mountains have extreme environmental conditions including rapidly changing temperatures, potential for snow year-round, and high winds. Humans can only cope for around 21 hours at high altitudes due to effects on body systems from elevations above 12,000 feet, requiring adaptations like increased red blood cells and changes to cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Proper clothing layers, equipment like ice axes and crampons, and outfitter-provided ropes are needed to endure summit conditions in the Rocky Mountains.