Importance of diet and nutrition during renal failure.

1. ROLE OF DIET AND NUTRITION IN
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF
RENAL FAILURE
by
D.Karthika
I-Msc biochemistry.

2. KIDNEY
 The word RENAL mean Kidney.
 In human, there were 2 kidneys.
 The left kidney is little larger while compared to right kidney.
 Because the presence of liver in the right side.

3. NEPHRON
 The functional unit of kidney
is NEPHRON.
 Each kidney contains million
of NEPHRONS.
 Each nephron has two parts
namely
1 BOWMAN'S CAPSULE
2 RENAL TUBULES.

4. BOWMAN'S CAPSULE:
 It is the cup shaped top of the nephron.
 Inside this , a network of blood capillaries called
GLOMERULUS.
RENAL TUBULES:
 It is rope like portion of the nephron.
 This rope like structure ends at collecting tubules.

5. FUNCTION OF KIDNEY
 Filtration:
It remove the end product of metabolism and substance
in blood during filtration process.
 Reabsorption:
Filtered substance (e.g H2O, Na) needed by body
are reabsorbed into the blood in the tubules.
 Excretion:
Kidney eliminate unwanted substance from body
as Urine.

6. CONTD.......
 Ca, P, Vit-D:
Kidney produce active form Vit-D,
calcitriol. Activated form of Vit-D regulates absorption of Ca and P
from intestinal tract and assists regulation of Ca and P level in blood.
 Erythropoietin:
Kidney produce a hormone called
ERYTHROPOIETIN, which regulates matruration of RBC, in bone
marrow.

7. KIDNEY DISEASES
 Kidney perform many different metabolic function ,kidney
disease has serious consequences.
CAUSE:
 Renal disease cause by means of many factors include
trauma, infection, birth defect, medications, chronic
disease(arthreosclerosis , diabetes, BP) and toxic metal
consumption.

8. HYPERTENSIVE KIDNEY DISEASE
 High BP can cause vascular or glomerular lesions.
 A lesion is an areas of injured or diseased tissue.
SPECIFIC TUBULAR
ABNORMALITIES
A structural problems on the renal tubules may result in
abnormal reabsorption or lack of reabsorption of certain
substance by the tubules.

9. GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
 A general term for an
inflammation of kidney is
NEPHRITIS.
 Inflammation of glomeruli is
called
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS,
which can be either acute or
chronic.
 Some of client may developed
Anuria, which means total lack
of urine output without
treatment this conditions leads
to death.

10.  NEPHROTIC SYNDROME:
The result of a variety of disease that damage the
glomeruli capillary walls is called nephrotic syndrome.
 NEPHROSCLEROSIS:
A hardening of renal artery.

11. KIDNEY STONES:

12. KIDNEY STONE:
 It is occur in the kidney, bladder, urether.
 During the formation of the urine, the accumulation
of the deposits in kidney leads to the formation of
kidney stone.
 A stone is also known as urinary calculus.
 The deposit may be the over amount of calcium,
oxalic acid, uric acids,etc.

13. KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS:
 Urinalysis.
 Serum creatinine test.
 Blood urea nitrogen.
 Glomerular filtration rate.

14. TREATMENT OF RENAL FAILURE:
 DIALYSIS
 USING DRUGS
 USING DIET.

15. NUTRITIONAL CARE - RENAL CLIENTS
 Renal client need constant assessment, monitoring
and counseling. Mainly made more concentration in
Diet.
GOALS FOR NUTRITION THERAPY:
 Every client with renal disease requires an
individual diet based on following goals:
 Prevent net protein catabolism.
 Minimize uremic activities.
 Maintain adequate hydration status.
 Maintain normal serum K level.

16. DIETARY COMPONENTS
 Be allot in following intake of diet for renal
client:
 kilocalories
 Protein,Sodium
 K,P and Ca
 Fluids
 Saturated fat and cholesterol
 Fe, vitamins .

17. KILOCALORIES
 Intake of kilocalories are often increased for clients
with renal disease.
 Client are usually give all simple CHO and
monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats they will
eat during high calories diet.
 The end product of fat and CHO catabolism is CO2
and H2O.

18. PROTEIN
 Control of N2 intake.
 High biological value protect indicated high BUN level.
 Hemodialysis clients need increased protein because it
leads to loss of 1-2 g of AA per hour dialysis.
 Protein rich food like EGG, MEAT, DAIRY PRODUCT.

19. SODIUM
 prevent Na retention in the body with edema.
 Pyelonephritis(inflammation of central portion of kidney) with
low Na levels, absence of edema and normal
POTASSIUM
 Hypokalemia (low blood potassium level) needs to avoid
because it introdues danger of cardiac arrhythmias and
eventually cardiac disease.

20. PHOSPHORUS, CALCIUM,VIT-D:
 These are normally balanced in our body.
 In clients, with kidney dieseases, vit-D cannot be
activated.
 This leads to the low serum calcium level.
 And also P cannot be excerted. So P level can be in
increased in serum.

21. FLUIDS:
 Paralysis, dialysis clients must restrict the fluids
intake because their kidneys can no longer excrete
excess fluids.
IRON:
 Anemia seen in client with renal disease, may be due to
lack of erythropoitein, a decreased oral intake of iron,
which often results of dietary restriction or blood loss.
VITAMINS:
 Deficiencies of water soluble vitamins in clients with
renal failure can caused by losses of folic acids.

22. SODIUM RICH FOODS:

23. VIT-D RICH FOODS:

24. PROTEIN RICH FOODS:

26. POTASSIUM RICH FOODS:

27. PHOSPHORUS RICH FOODS:

28. IRON RICH FOODS:

29. CALCIUM RICH FOODS:

30. FOODS RICH IN OXALIC
ACID:
 Coffee,
 Spinach,
 Cocoa.
PURINE RICH FOODS:
 Yeast
 Tapioca,
 Chocolate;
 Tea,
 Coffee,
 Carbonated beverages.

31. THANK YOU