Good or god JOHN BEVERE in hindi

lokZf/kd fodY;k tk.kkjs iqLrd lSrkukps çyksHku ps ys[kd
ijes'oj
vPNkbZ
;k
t‚u chfovj

JohnBevere@ymail.com
t‚u chfovj
fç; fe=
tc geijesÜoj ds lkFk tqM+ tkrs gS rks og gekjs thou ds gj ,d igyw dks
cny nsrk gSA ;h'kq dh çHkqrk esa vkSj çfrfnu mlds vuqxzg esa jgus esa vuUr thou
gSA
ÞvPNkb;k¡ ;k ijesÜojÞ ;g dsoy iqLrd gh ugÈ gS ] ;g oks lUns'k gS ftls
ikdj lEiw.kZ lalkj esa yksx ifo=rk dh eqghe esa fgLlk ysus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrs
gSA vki Hkh vxqos ] iklcku] dfyfl;k¡ ] ifjokj] fe= vkSj vU;ksa ls tqM+us ds }kjk
ifo=rk ds bl lUns'k dks ysdj bl eqghe esa tqM+ ldrs gSA ,d euq"; ikSyql us
fxus pqus yksxksa dks lkèkkj.k :i ls f'k{kk nh vkSj dsoy nks lkyksa esa mUgksaus oks f'k{kk
vkf'k;k esa jgus okyksa rd igqapkÃA os ijesÜoj dh mifLFkfr dks vius lkFk ys
pyus okys ekè;e gS ¼ns[ks çsfjrksa ds dke 19 %1&9½ ;fn ge ijesÜoj ds lkFk
mldh yxu esa 'kkfey gks tkrs gS rks D;k dqN ugÈ dj ldrs
ijesÜoj us bl lUns'k dks vkids lkFk rFkk lalkj esa vU; vxqoksa ds lkFk ck¡Vus
ds fy, esjs ºzn; dks çksRlkfgr fd;k gSA eSa vkidks rS;kj djuk pkgrk gq¡ fd vki
vius laidZ esa vkusokys gj ,d dks bl n'kZu ls voxr djk ldsA bls esjk vkids
çrh çse vkSj lgk;rk ds :i esa Lohdkj djsaA eSa tkuuk pkgwaxk dh bl lUns'k us
vkidks vkSj vkids laidZ esa vU; yksxksa dks fdl çdkj çHkkfor fd;k gSA
çHkq esa vkidk

ijes'oj ds cxSj vPNkb;k¡ D;ksa i;kZIr ugha gS
tkWu chfovj
gekjh vPNkb;k¡
ijes'oj
;k

Good or God? (Hindi) by John Bevere
© 2016 Messenger International
MessengerInternational.org
ISBN 978-1-933185-83-5
Originally published in English as Good or God?
© 2015 Messenger International
Additional resources in Hindi are available for free download at: www.CloudLibrary.org
This book has been distributed to leaders and emergent leaders FREE OF CHARGE and is not
to be sold. It is a gift from Messenger International the ministry of John and Lisa Bevere.
To contact the author: JohnBevere@ymail.com
This book is translated into Hindi by Living Insight Translators and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Printed in India
gekjh vPNkb;k¡ ;k ijes'oj ¼fganh½ tkWu chfovj }kjk
© 2016 eSlsatj baVjus'kuy
ewyr% vaxzsth esa Good or God? ds uke ls izdkf'kr
© 2015 eSlsatj baVjus'kuy
MessengerInternational.org
ISBN 978&1&933185&83&5
vfrfjDr lkexzh fgUnh Hkk"kk esa MkmuyksM djus ds fy, www.CloudLibrary.org ij miyC/k gS
;g iqLrd vxqos rFkk lsodksa ds fy, eqYr nh tk jgh gS] vkSj fcOh ds fy, ugha gS
;g iqLrd eSlsatj baVjus'uy tkWu vkSj yhlk chfovj lsodkbZ] dh vksj ls HksaV gSA
ys[kd ls laidZ ds fy,% JohnBevere@ymail.com
fganh esa vuqokn% fyfoax bulkbV VakaLysVlZ ,aM ifCy'klZ izk- fy- }kjk
Hkkjr esa eqfnzr

eSa ;g iqLrd gekjs csVs---
vkMsZu fØLVksQj chfovj dks lefiZr djrk gw¡
csVs vki esgurh] –<+] dksey] vkSj cqf)eku gksA
nq[kh yksxksa ds çfr vkidh laosnu'khyrk dks ns[k dj eSa vpfEHkr gw¡A
csVs eq>s vki ij vfHkeku gS vkSj eSa loZnk ds fy, vkils çse djrk gw¡A

fo"k;lwph
vkHkkj iwfrZ 7
bl iqLrd ds fo"k; esa 9
ifjp; 11
v/;k; 1 % vPNkbZ D;k gS 13
v/;k; 2 % ;g dSls gqvk 23
v/;k; 3 % ijes’oj dk fo’oO;kih ekinaM 37
v/;k; 4 % cqfu;kn 53
v/;k; 5 % D;k bPNk djuk gh i;kZIr gS 69
v/;k; 6 % gekjk vkrafjd th-ih-,l- 85
v/;k; 7 % gekjs fy;s tyu j[kus okyk 101
v/;k; 8 % fe=rk 115
v/;k; 9 % og lPpkbZ ftls Vkyk x;k gS 133
v/;k; 10 % ÅtkZ 149
v/;k; 11 % vPNkbZ ;k ykHkdkjh 169
v/;k; 12 % ifo= thou dh f’k{kk nsuk 181
v/;k; 13 % gekjh vfHkizsj.kk 195
v/;k; 14 % gekjh lhek,¡ 211
v/;k; 15 % ij[k 227
v/;k; 16 % cM+k fp= 243
euu vkSj fopkj foe’kZ iz’u 251

vkHkkj iwfrZ
esjh iRuh] cPps vkSj iksrs&iksfr;k¡% vki çR;sd tku esjs fy, ijes'oj dh vksj ls HksaV gS vkSj
vki esjs thou esa le`f) yk,a gSA eSa vkils ges'kk ges'kk çse djrk gw¡A
esjh Vhe] cksMZ esaclZ] vkSj eSlsatj baVjus'kuy ds ikVZulZ% yhlk vkSj esjs lkFk [kM+s gksus
fy, vki lcdk eS vkHkkjh gw¡A ;h'kq elhg ds efgeke; lqlekpkj ds lkFk lalkj ds vusd
ns'kksa esa igq¡p ikus ds fy, vki tSls fo'okl;ksX; vkSj lPps fe=ksa ls c<+dj eS ijes'oj ls
vkSj dqN ugha ekax ldrk FkkA
Ckzwl] tSfyu] foUlsaV vkSj ,fylu% vkidh laiknu dq'kyrk ls bl lUns'k dks ;ksX;
vkdkj nsus ds fy, vkidk /kU;oknA ijes'oj us vkidks tks ojnku fn;k gS mls ns[kdj eSa
vpafHkr gw¡A
,yu% bl lans'k ds fy, vR;ar lqUnj doj fMTk+kbu djus ds fy, /kU;okn] ;g cgqr
gh lqUnj vkSj mÙke gSA
,fMlu] d‚fyu] ,Lrsj] V‚e] eSV] vkMsZu] ,yu] tSyu vkSj MsfoM% bl lUns'k dks
vkjafHkd Lrj ij i<+dj dfBu Hkkxksa esa vius cq//ekuh o Kkuiw.kZ fopkj nsus ds fy, /kU;oknA
V‚e] ,Lrsj] ,fMlu] v‚fLVu] vkSj t‚u% bl iqLrd dks çdkf'kr djus vkSj ekdsZfVax
djus esa vkidh ltxrk vkSj cqf)ekuh ds vkidk /kU;oknA
j‚c vkSj ofulk% bl lUns'k dks lalkj ds vusdksa ns'kksa esa igq¡pkus ds fy, vki nksuksa ds
vfojr ifjJe ds fy, vkidk /kU;oknA
gekjk firk] gekjk çHkq ;h'kq elhg vkSj ifo= vkRek% gesa ikiksa ls lEiw.kZ {kek vkSj m)kj
nsus ds fy,] gesa viuh larku cukus ds fy, vkSj vkids fç; yksxksa ds yq, ;g lUns'k nsus
ds fy, /kU;oknA vkidks lEiw.kZ efgek feysA

bl iqLrd ds fo"k; esa
gekjh vPNkb;k¡ ;k ijes'oj bl iqLrd dks fdlh Hkh vU; iqLrd ds lkeku igys i`"B ls
vk[kjh i`"B rd i<+uk pkfg,A tks yksx gekjh vPNkb;k¡ ;k ijes'oj vkSj vf/kd v/;;u
djuk pkgrs gS muds fy, eSaus iqLrd ds var esa dqN vf/kd lkexzh dk lekos'k fd;k gSA
vki bl dk v/;;u O;fäxr :i ls ;k lewg esa dj ldrs gSA bls Ng g¶+rksa esa v/;;u
djus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gS] ijUrq vki vius le; vuqlkj bldk v/;;u dj ldrs
gSA
çR;sd lIrkg esa budk lekos'k gS%
Û lewg ppkZ ds fy, ;k O;fäxr voyksdu ds fy, ç'u
Û ijes'oj ds lkFk vkidk O;fäxr le; vf/kd vFkZiw.kZ gksus ds fy, lkIrkfgd euu
Û voyksdu % lEiw.kZ lIrkg Hkj euu djus ds fy, ,d in
Û ykxwdj.k % vkius tks lh[kk gS mls vius çfrfnu ds thou esa ykxw djus dk vklku
rjhdk
çR;sd lIrkg esa ftl v/;k; dk lUnHkZ fy;k x;k gS mldk uke ml lIrkg ds ppkZ
ç'u ds Åij fy[kk x;k gSA
;fn vki bl iqLrd dks gekjh vPNkb;k¡ ;k ijes'oj v/;;u lkexzh ds Hkkx ds :i
esa i+ jgs gS] rks ge vkils vuqjks/k djrs gS dh vki çR;sd lIrkg ds f'k{kk l= dks ns[ks ;k
lqus vkSj iqLrd ds var esa fn, x, ç'u ds mÙkj lewg ds :i esa nsA fQj vxyh lHkk ls
igys çR;sd lnL; dks ml l= ds vuq:i v/;k; rFkk euu i+us ds fy, dgsaA çR;sd
lIrkg ds v/;;u ds fy, ,d f'k{kk l= gSA
bldk vkuan ysa !

ifjp;
gky gh esa eSa ns'k ds ,d cgqr gh lEekfur usrk ls ckr dj jgk FkkA gekjk lEHkkk.k
lekIr gh gksus okyk Fkk rHkh mUgksaus vpkud dgk] Þt‚u],d feuV #d tkvksA eSa
vkils dqN dguk pkgrk gw¡A fiNys chl lkyksa esa vkius vusd iqLrdsa fy[kha gS] ij vc
vkidks ,d vkSj iqLrd fy[kuh gh gSA ;g bl le; dh vko';drk vkSj dyhfl;k ds fy,
Hkfo;}k.kh lUns'k gSA ;g vkids fy, LoxZ dk vkKk i= gSAÞ
tc mudk cksyuk iwjk gqvk rc eS ijes'oj dh mifLFkfr dks ns[kdj vpafHkr gksdj vius
?kqVuksa ij FkkA bl Qksu d‚y ds dqN gh lIrkg ckn bl iqLrd dks fy[kus dh vlhfer
bPNk eq esa mRiUu gks xbZA
;g lUns'k dsoy ,d lk/kkj.k ç'u ij dsafær gksrk gS% D;k dsoy vPNkbZ dkQ+h gS
vkt le; esa vPNkbZ vkSj ijes'oj ;g 'kCn ,dnwljs ls feyrs tqyrs gSA ge fo'okl
dj ysrs gS fd tks dqN Hkh lkekU; :i ls lekt esa vPNk eu tkrk gS oks lc dqN ijes'oj
dh lekurk esa gSA mnkjrk] uezrk vkSj U;k; ;g lc vPNs gSA LokFkZ] vgadkj] vkSj funZ;rk
;g lc cqjs gSA ;g varj fcydqy LiV gSA ijUrq blds fok; esa D;k dsoy bruk gh dgk
tk ldrk gS ;fn vPNkbZ bruh LiV gS rks bczkfu;ksa 5%14 esa D;ksa dgk x;k gS fd bls
igpkuus ds fy, gesa Kku dh vko';drk gS
çsfjr ikSyql fy[krk gS] ÞvkSj bl lalkj ds l–'k u cuks] ijUrq rqEgkjs cqf) ds u, gks
tkus ls rqEgkjk pkypyu Hkh cnyrk tk,¡] rqe ijes'oj dh Hkyh] vkSj Hkkorh vkSj fl)
bPNk vuqHko ls ekywe djrs jgksÞ ¼jksfe;ksa 12%2½A gekjs cqf) ds u, fd;s tkus ds cxSj ge
ugha tku ldrs fd gekjs thouksa ds fy, D;k vPNk gSA cqf) ds u, fd;s tkus ls tks
ifjorZu vkrk gS mlds cxSj ge elhg esa gekjs fy, ijes'oj }kjk çsfjr thou tks miyC/k
gS mls çkIr ugha dj ldrsA
i`Foh dh mRifÙk ls igys] ijes'oj us vkids thou ,d ;kstuk cukbZ] tks ifjiw.kZ mís';]
vkuan dh Hkjiwjh vkSj egku larqfV ls Hkjiwj gksdj meM+ jgh gSA vkids fy, mldh bPNk
vkSj ;kstuk iw.kZ :i ls ifjiw.kZ vkSj mÙke gSA ijUrq ,d ,slh udyh vPNkbZ gS tks vkidks
ijes'oj ds mÙke ls nwj j[k ldrh gSA

14 A gekjh vPNkb;k¡ ;k ijes'oj
nq%[k dh ckr rks ;g gS fd ge udyh ckrksa esa gh [kq'k gks tkrs gSA geus vutkus esa
¼vkSj dHkh dHkh tku cw dj½ vPNkbZ dks ikus ds fy, ijes'oj dks gh vLohdkj fd;k gSA
vkjafHkd dyhfl;k ds vxqoksa us ckj ckj gesa bl /kks[ks ls cpus dh psrkouh nh gS ¼/
kks[kk [kkus dk vFkZ gS ;g fo'okl djuk dh ge lR; dh lekurk esa gS] tc fd okLro esa
ge lR; ds fudV Hkh ugha gksrs gS½ ;h'kq us Lo;a psrkouh nh fd gekjs le; esa Ny vkSj /
kks[kk bruk vf/kd c+ tk,xk fd pqus gq, Hkh f'kdkj mlds gksaxsA D;k ge bu psrkofu;ksa
dks gyds esa ys ldrs gS D;k ge ;g lksp dj fd ge /kks[ks esa ugha vk ldrs vkSj cqjkbZ
ls vPNkbZ dks igpku ysaxs mUgsa ut+jvankt+ dj ldrs gS
mÙke lekpkj ;g gS fd ijes'oj gels vius lcls mÙke dks gels Nqikus ç;Ru ugha
dj jgk gSA og bl myVQsj esa ugha myk gS fd gekjs vk¡[kksa ij ifê;k¡ ck¡/ks rkfd ge
ns[k uk ldsaA og vfHkopu nsrk gS fd tks dksbZ [kkstsxk og ik;sxkA ;fn ge lR; [kkstus
lefiZr gks tkrs gS rks ge fdlh Hkh udyh lR; ls /kks[kk ugha [kk,axsA ç'u ;g gS fd D;k
ge lR; ds lzksr dks ns[ksaxs ;k fQj ijes'oj dh vPNh bPNk vkSj mlds fok; ds lrgh Kku
dks ikdj larqV gks tk;saxs esjh vk'kk gS fd bl iqLrd dks i+us ls vki ijes'oj ds lcls
mÙke ds vykok vU; fdlh ckr dks Lohdkj uk djus ds vius fu.kZ; esa –+ gks ldrs gSA
vkjEHk djus ls igys vkb, ge çkFkZuk djsa%
gs firk ;h'kq ds uke esa esjh vk¡[ks] dku vkSj ân; [kksy ns eS vius thou ds fy, rsjh
bPNk dks ns[k ldw ] lqu ldw vkSj çkIr dj ldwA ifo= vkRek tc eSa bl lUns'k dks irk
gw¡ rks eqs ;h'kq elhg ds ekxZ xgjkbZ vkSj –+rk ls lh[kkA eSaa rqs vius f'k{kd ds :i eSaa
xzg.k djrk gw¡A bl iqLrd ds çR;sd okD; ds }kjk eqls ckr djA gksus ns fd eSajk thou
geSa'kk ds fy, cny tk,¡A vkehuA

15A
vPNkbZ D;k gS
dksbZ mÙke ugha] dsoy ,d vFkkZr ijes'ojA
ejdql 10%18
bl i`Foh ij gj ,d pht+ vPNh rHkh gksrh gS tc
og ijes'oj ds LoHkko ls eSay dgrh gS]
vkSj mruh gh cqjh gksrh gS ;fn ,slk gksus eSaa vlQy gksrh gSA
,-MCyw- Vkst+j
vPNkbZ vkSj cqjkbZA ge lHkh bleSaa varj tkurs gS] Bhd D;k ge bl lalkj eSaa bl
Kku ds lkFk gh tUeSa ugha fd D;k lgh gS vkSj D;k xyr
eSaaus vDlj yksxksa dks ;g dgrs gq, lquk gS dh euq; çk.kh tUe ls gh vPNk gSA D;k
;g lp gS ge tkurs gS dh ewoh] M‚D;weSaaVªh vkSj vU; dk;ZØe tks gekjs ân; dks çsj.kk nsrs
gS oks euq; fd vPNkbZ dks çxV djrs gSA eSa ,slh dksbZ dgkuh] ukosy] ewoh tkurk ftlesa
;g n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd vPNkbZ ij cqjkbZ us thr çkIr dj yh gks!
ge ;gh ns[krs gq, cM+s gq, gS fd vPNs yksx dfBu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, vkxs
c+rs gSA muds lkeus lkjh ck/kk,a j[kh xbZ Fkh vkSj mUgksaus vfuok;Z gkj dk lkeuk fd;k]
vDlj var rd] ijUrq gekjs uk;d us vpkud thr ;k U;k; dks gkfly djrs gq, ns[krs
gSA ge bl vafre thr dh çrh{kk djrs jgrs gS vkSj var eSa mls ns[k dj cgqr [kq'k gksA
ge ges'kk pkgrs gS dh vPNkbZ dh thr gks] D;ksafd pkgs dqN Hkh gks ijes'oj ges'kk vPNkbZ
ds lkFk gh gksrk gS] gS uk
fiNys dqN okksaZ ls fuekZrk vkSj usVodZ us ,d ubZ igy dh gS tgk¡ mUgksaus jh;fyVh 'kks
dh çLrqfr ftlesa esdvksoj fn;k tkrk gSA bldh 'kq#vkr VwVs fc[kjs ?kj dks ,df=r ykus
ls gqbZA ijksidkjh yksxksa dks t+:jrean vkSj xjhc yksxksa dh lgk;rk vR;ar mnkjrk ls ns[k
1

dj ge vkuan vkSj [kq'kh ds dkj.k Vhoh ds lkeus cSBs jgs vkSj fgyus dk uke gh ugha ys
jgs FksA ftudks lgk;rk çkIr gqbZ mudks viuk u;k ?kj ikdj vk'p;Z ls gSjku gksrs ns[kuk
pkgrs FksA fQj ,d vkSj 'kks vk;k Þywt+lZÞ ftlesa eksVkis ls ijs'kku yksx dkQ+h ek=k eSaa ot+u
?kVkrs gq, fn[kk, tkrs Fks] vkSj dqN vU; 'kkst+ eSaa yksxksa dh ifj/kku] ds'klTtk] esdvi
vkSj vU; vusd ckrksa eSaa lgk;rk djrs ns[kk tkrk FkkA
tYn gh e'kgwj flrkjsa bu dk;ZØeksa dk fgLlk cuus yxsA tkusekus dykdkj vkxs vkdj
muds fy, ekxZ cukus yxs tks vU;Fkk dgh fn[kkbZ ugha ns ldrs ;k mudh dksbZ vkokt+ ugha
gksrh gS] ftudh dyk mHkjdj ckgj ugha vk ldrhA fdlh fdlh vutku O;fä dks tc
jkrksa jkr pedrk flrkjk cuus dk volj fn;k tkrk rks ge [+kq'kh ls rkfy;ka ctkrs vkSj
okg okg djrsA fdruk n;kywiu] fdruh mnkjrk] fdruh 'kqHk dkeuk!
mnkjrk] funksZk dh lqj{kk ;k fQj fdlh t+:jrean dh enn djus ds fy, viuk le;
nsus okyk çR;sd Vhoh dk;ZØe cgqr gh yksdfç; gksrk jgkA bl fj;fyVh 'kks dh lwfp esa
iqfyl vkSj vijkf/k;ksa dks waus okyh 'kk[kk ds dk;ZØe Hkh 'kkfey gks x,A ;g Hkh dk;ZØe
lcls vf/kd ns[ks tkus yxsA
eqís dh ckr ;g gS fd] gekjk euksjatu euq; tkrh dh HkykbZ ij dsafær gksrh gSA
lsYl ,aM ekdsZfVax 101 geSaa fl[kkrk gS dh fdlh Hkh mRiknu dks ekdsZV eSaa lQy mÙke
fn[kuk] eglwl gksuk] lqukbZ nsuk] Lokn gksuk vkSj mldh [kq'kcq gksuk vko';d gSA ml
mRikn }kjk [kjhnus okyksa dk bfUæ; cks/k ;k Hkkouk mÙkerk ds fy, tkx`r gksuh pkfg,A ge
tkurs gS fd vPNh oLrq, fcd tkrh gSA oSls Hkh cqjh ;k xyr oLrq dkSu [kjhnuk pkgsxk
vkSj dsoy cqjs fopkjksa gh cqjh oLrqvksa dks cspuk ;k miyC/k djrs gSA
ge fdlh dks dgrs gq, lqurs gS Þoks vPNk iq#k gSÞ ;k Þoks vPNh L=h gSÞ vkSj ge bl
çdkj dk vuqeku O;fä ds psgjs dks ns[k dj djrs gSA det+ksj O;fä viuh lqj{kk muesa
ns[kuk vkjaHk djrs gS ftuds fok; eSaa dgk tkrk gS os vPNs gS vkSj mudks lqjf{kr vkSj
Hkjkslsean ekuus yxrs gSA ijUrq D;k ;g vuqeku ges'kk gh lgh gksrs gS
D;k ge dHkh bl Hkze esa ugha gksrs gS dh lgh dks xyr dg ns vkSj xyr dks lgh D;k
gj ,d O;fä blds chp varj ugha tkurk gS vkSj D;k ge dHkh Hkh cqjkbZ dks vPNk vkSj
vPNs dks cqjk dgds vius vki dks /kks[kk nsusokyh fLFkfr esa ugha i+rs gS
bl ckr dh vksj /;ku nhft,] vusd 'krd igys ,d /kuoku ;h'kq ds ikl vk;kA
og vR;ar bZekunkj vkSj pfj=oku O;fä FkkA mlus dHkh O;fHkpkj] [kwu] wB cksyuk]pksjh
djuk ;k O;kij esa fdlh dks /kks[kk nsuk bl çdkj ds dke ugha fd;s FksA mlus ges'kk vius

17A
ekrkfirk dk vknj fd;k FkkA og mÙke ukxfjd Fkk vkSj 'kk;n yksx mldh geSa'kk çla'kk
djrs FksA mlus ;h'kq ls feyrs gh Þgs mÙke xq#Þ bl 'kCnksa ls vfHkoknu fd;kA
;gk¡ ij ,d vxqok nwljs vxqos ls ckr dj jgk gS ; ,d vPNk O;fä nwljs vPNs O;fä
ls lokan dj jgk gSA ftlls oks igys dHkh ugha feyk Fkk ml O;fä ls mlus leku fopkj
dh Hkwfedk ij lokan vkjEHk fd;kA 'kk;n mlus vius vki eSaa lkspk] ;fn eSa bl Hkfo;}äk
dh mÙkerk dh c+kbZ djds mlds fny dks thr yw rks og esjs ç'uksa dk mÙkj esjh bPNk
vuqlkj nsxkA ijUrq ;h'kq us mlds ç'u dk mÙkj nsus ls igys mlls çfrç'u fd;k] Þrw eqs
mÙke D;ksa dgrk gS dksbZ mÙke ugha dsoy ,d vFkkZr ijes'ojÞ ¼ejdql 10%18½
ftlus mls mÙke dgk mlh O;fä dh ckr dks ;h'kq D;ksa lq/kkj jgk gS D;k ;h'kq vPNk
ugha Fkk fcydqy] og vPNk Fkk! rks fQj mlus ,slk D;ksa dgk D;k ÞmÙkeÞ ;g 'kCn ;h'kq
dk o.kZu djus ds fy, v;ksX; 'kCn Fkk ;k fQj] D;k nwljs 'kCnksa eSaa mÙke dh O;k[;k tks
euq; djrk gS og ijes'oj dh O;k[;k ls fHkUu gS
;fn eSa ;k vki bl O;fä ds LFkku ij gksrs vkSj geus ;h'kq dk vfHkoknu ÞmÙke xq#Þ
bu 'kCnksa ls fd;k gksrk rks gekjh O;k[;k D;k dh tkrh eSa vius fy, rks mÙkj ns ldrk
gw¡A vusd okksaZ ls ijes'oj dh larku gksus ds ckn] vusd ckj viuh ckbfcy i+us ds ckn]
?kaVksa opu dk v/;;u djus ds ckn] gj jkst+ çkFkZuk djus ds ckn] vkSj lEiw.kZ dy lsodkbZ
eSaa jgdj vusd lokZf/kd fcdus okyh iqLrdksa dk ys[kd gksus ds ckn] eqs Hkh oks gh mÙkj
feyrk tks ml /kuoku O;fä dks feykA ;h'kq Bhd mlh rjg dgrk] Þt‚u] rw eqs mÙke
D;ksa dgrk gSÞ eSa ;g dSls tkurk gw¡ ftl çdkj ;h'kq us /kuoku ls ckr dh mlh çdkj
ijes'oj ds vkRek us eqls ckr dh gSA
/kDdknk;d lekpkj
eSa vkidks LiV djds crkrk gw¡A 1990 ds n'kd ds vafre Òkx esa eSa ,d dksUQsjsal ds fy,
LohMu x;kA foeku ls ;g ,d jkr dk lQj Fkk] nwljs fnu lqcg eSa LV‚dgksYe igq¡p x;kA
foeku ls mrjdj viuk lkeu ysus ds ckn dLVe Dyhvj djds ckgj vk;k rks esjs LohfM'k
est+cku us esjk Lokxr fd;kA ge vHkh VfeZuy ls ckgj fudys Hkh ugha Fks] rHkh mUgksaus eqs
crk;k dh bl okZ vkSj 'kk;n vxys n'kd ds fy, [kcj D;k gksxhA
mUgksaus dgk] ÞtkWu dy jkr tc vki lQj esa Fks rc ;gk¡ cgqr gh nq[kn ?kVuk gqbZ gS]
vkidks 'kk;n irk ugha gksxk] blfy, eSa vkidks crkrk gw¡A
vPNkbZ D;k gS

ÞD;k gqvkÞ eSaus lrdZ gksdj vkSj mRlqdrk ls iwNkA
esjs est+cku us ml vR;ar nq[kn vkSj Hk;kud vi?kkr ds ckjs esa crk;k tks dqN ?kaVksa
igys gqvk FkkA vi?kkr ihfM+r ,d O;fä lalkj esa lcls çfl) Fkk vkSj 'kk;n lc mlls çse
djrs FksA oks tks dqN djrh Fkh [kcj cu tkrh FkhA eSa vkSj esjh iRuh yhlk mlds mnkjrk
ds dkeksa dh ç'kalk djrs Fks vkSj lekpkji= vkSj eSxt+hu eSaa mlds ckjs eSaa fy[kh gqbZ ckrs
i+rs jgrs FksA mlds thou dks n'kkZus okyh rLohjsa eqs vPNh yxrh FkhA LiV dgk tk,¡
rks eSa mldk ç'kald FkkA mlds fok; esa tc Hkh dHkh dksbZ lekpkj vkrk rks eSa viuk dke
NksM+dj igys ml [kcj dks tkuuk pkgrk FkkA
bl L=h dh e`R;q dh [kcj us eqs tks /kDdk iagqpk og o.kZu ls ckgj gSA og toku
ek¡ Fkh vkSj mlds NksVs cPps Fks] og vR;ar çHkkoh dk;ZdrkZ gksus ds lkFk vR;ar lqUnj vkSj
cqf)eku FkhA iqjs lalkj esa vius çHkko dk mi;ksx og ;q) ihfM+r ns'kksa esa vukFk vkSj ySaM
ekbu ihfM+r yksxksa ds mRFkku ds fy, djrh FkhA esjk fny thrus ds fy, bruk gh dkQh
Fkk] ijUrq mlds vkdkZd xq.k blls Hkh c+dj FksA og mlds pkgus okyksa ds ckjs eSaa tkurh
Fkh vkSj ges'kk mudk /;ku j[krh Fkh] og mudk vfHkoknu çlUu djus okyh eqLdqjkgV ;k
fdlh vU; fny thrus okys rjhds ls djrh FkhA
mldh e`R;q ls eSa vk'p;Z esa Fkk vkSj fo'okl ugha dj ik jgk FkkA oks dSls ej ldrh
gS ;g dSls gqvk gksxk
esjs est+cku eqs gksVy rd ys x,¡A vius dejs esa tkus ds ckn lcls igys eSaaus Vhoh
v‚u fd;kA gj ,d psuy ij ;gh [kcj FkhA muesa ls dqN rks eSa le ugha ik;k D;ksafd os
LohfM'k Hkkkk esa Fks] blfy, eSaaus CNN vkSj BBC LdkbZ U;wt+ wa fudykA eSa vius iyax
ds fcydqy fdukjs ij cSB x;k] eSaaus lkeu Hkh ugha [kksyk Fkk] eSa vHkh Hkh bl ?kVuk ij
fo'okl djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha Fkk
lekpkj eSaa fn[kk;k tk jgk Fkk dh gt+kjksa yksx mlds ?kj ds ckgj [kMs+ jks jgsa FksA gj
mez ds yksx ogk bDdBk Fks vkSj os mlds ?kj ds xsV ij Qwy j[k jgs Fks vkSj vk¡[kksa ls
vklwa cg jgsa FksA vusd yksx ,d nwljs dks idM+dj jks jgs Fks vkSj çkFkZuk dj jgs FksA iwjk
lalkj HkkSpDdk FkkA
vxys pkj fnuksa rd lalkj ds lHkh lekpkj i=ksa eSaa ;gh [kcj fn[kkbZ ns jgh Fkh vi?kkr
dk fo'ysk.k] Nkuchu] mlds ifjokj dh çfrfØ;k,a vkSj vafre fof/k dh [k+cjsa gh fefM;k esa
NkbZ jghaA çkarksa ds vf/kdkjh] lalkj ds cM+s usrk] vkSj gT+kkjksa ç[;kr yksx mldh Lej.k lHkk
esa mifLFkr jgsa] tks VsyhfoT+ku ds bfrgkl eSaa lcls vf/kd ns[kk x;k çlkj.k FkkA

19A
LV‚dgksYe ds gksVy esa ml igys fnu eSaa vR;ar nq%[kh Fkk vkSj esjh 'kke dh lHkk
rS;kjh dj ikus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FkkA esjs eu esa lokyksa dh yxkrkj M+h py jgh Fkh]
vkSj mldh e`R;q ds fy, dkj.k cuus okyh eq[kZrkiw.kZ ?kVukvksa ds çfr Øksf/kr gks jgk FkkA
esjs Hkhrj xgjkbZ ds nq%[k ds lkFk lkFk eSaaus vius Hkhrj ls ,d vkSj fopkj Åij mBrs gq,
eglwl fd;kA
eSaaus mls nckus dk ç;Ru fd;k] ysfdu eSa ,slk dj ugha ik;kA vkf[kj] esjh Hkkoukvksa
vkSj vkRek esa ?kaVksa py jgsa vlarqyu dks eglwl djus ds ckn eSa vius fcLrj ikl ?kqVuksa ij
tkdj çkFkZuk djus yxk] Þgs firk eSa bl L=h dh e`R;q ij bruk vf/kd nq%[kh vkSj O;kdqy
gks jgk gw¡A ijUrq esjs ân; eSaa eqs eglwl gks jgk gS dh dqN rks Bhd ugha gSA tks Bhd ugha
gS oks D;k gSÞ
çkFkZuk ds rqjar ckn gh eSaus vius ân; dh xgjkbZ esa vkokt+ lquh] Þçdkf'krokD; v/;k;
vBkjg i+AÞ eSa ugha tkurk Fkk dh çdkf'krokD; 18 Fkk eqs ugha irk Fkk] D;ksafd ;g dgrs
gq, eqs nq%[k yxrk gS dh ml le; rd eSaaus bl iqLrd dk xgjkbZ ls v/;;u ugha fd;k
FkkA eSaaus viuh ckbfcy [kksyh vkSj i+uk vkjEHk fd;kA tc eSa lkros in ij igqapk rc esjk
fny t+ksj ls /kM+dus yxk%
Þftruh ml us viuh cM+kbZ dh vkSj lq[kfoykl fd;k; mruh ml dks ihM+k] vkSj 'kksd
nks; D;ksafd og vius eu eSaa dgrh gS] eSaa jkuh gks cSBh gwa] fo/kok ugha; vkSj 'kksd eSaa dHkh u
iMwaxhA bl dkj.k ,d gh fnu eSaa ml ij foifÙk;ka vk iM+saxh] vFkkZr e`R;q] vkSj 'kksd] vkSj
vdky; vkSj og vkx eSaa HkLe dj nh tk,xh] D;ksafd mldk U;k;h çHkq ijes'oj 'kfäeku
gSA vkSj i`Foh ds jktk ftUgksa us mlds lkFk O;fHkpkj] vkSj lq[kfoykl fd;k] tc mlds
tyus dk /kqvka ns[ksaxs] rks mlds fy;s jks,axs] vkSj Nkrh ihVsaxs-----ß ¼çdkf'kr okD; 18%79½
tSls gh eSaaus bu inksa dks i+k eSajs Hkhrj Hkkoukavksa dh luluh QSy xbZA bu inksa eSaa o.kZu
dh xbZ L=h vkSj ftlds fok; eSaa iqjs lalkj dk lekpkj ek/;e Hkjk gqvk Fkk nksuksa eSaa cgqr
gh vf/kd lkE; FkkA eqs yxk tSls fdalh us eSajs Åij cQZ dk BaMk ikuh Mky fn;k gksA eSa
vk'p;Zpfdr] HkkSpDdk] vkSj myu dh fLFkfr esa FkkA ifo= 'kkL= ds ;g in bl ç[;kr
gLrh dSls ykxw gks ldrs gS
;g crkuk egRoiw.kZ gS dh çsfjr ;wgUuk bu inksa eSaa fdlh fo'ksk O;fä dk mYys[k ugha
djA ;g 'kkL= Hkkx ml vkRek ds fok; eSaa cksy jgk gS tks bl ifrr lalkj esa iwjh jhrh
ls NkbZ gqbZ gSA ijUrq bu inksa dk lkE; vHkh dh fLFkfr ls cgqr vf/kd Fkk dh ijes'oj ds
vPNkbZ D;k gS

vkRek bu inksa mi;ksx esjh le dks [kksyus ds fy, fd;kA D;k vkius dHkh vuqHko fd;k
gS dh ijes'oj us vkils ls ckr djus ds fy, vius opu dk mi;ksx fd;k gks esjs lkFk
;gk¡ fcydqy ;gh gks jgk FkkA
ijes'oj dk vkRek eqs pqukSrh ns jgk Fkk dh ;h'kq us ftl çdkj ml /kuoku dh vPNkbZ
dks uki Fkk oSls gh eSa vPNkbZ dks fdl çdkj uki jgk gw¡A ijes'oj eqs D;k crkuk pkg jgk
gS ;g tkurs gq,] eSaaus vius gksVy ds dejs esa Å¡ph vkokt+ esa mldk fojks/k djrs gq, dgk]
ÞçHkq bl opu dk bl L=h ls D;k ysuk nsuk gS mlus rks ges'kk ekuork dh HkykbZ ds fy,
vPNk gh fd;k] ySaM ekbu ds ihfM+r vkSj vukFkksa ds mRFkku ds fy, gh dk;Z fd;k gSÞ
Þmlus vius v[[kM+iu dks ?keaM ls vf/kdkjh;ksa dks fn[kk;k vkSj viuk O;fHkpkj lalkj
dks fn[kk;k]Þ ijes'oj us dgk] Þoks eqs lefiZr ugha FkhAÞ
vHkh Hkh fo'okl u djrs gq, eSaaus dgk] Þysfdu oks lkjh HkykbZ tks mlus iwj lalkj ds
fy, dh mldk D;k
fQj eSaaus ijes'oj ds vkRek dks dgrs gq, lquk] Þesjs csVs] vknku dh okfVdk esa Kku ds o`{k
esa ml o`{k dh cqjkbZ dh vksj vkdfkZr ugha gqbZ Fkh ijUrq vPNkbZ dh vksj vkdfkZr gqbZ FkhAÞ
esjs ân; ls dgsa x, bu 'kCnksa dks lqudj eSa LrC/k jg x;kA dqN {k.kksa ds ckn eSaus
mRifÙk 3 [kksydj i+k dsoy ;g tkuus ds fy, dh tks dqN eSaaus vHkh lquk Fkk og okLro
esa D;k FkkA vkSj tks eSaaus i+k Fkk oks lp eSaa ;gh Fkk%
lks tc L=h us ns[kk fd ml o`{k dk Qy [kkus esa vPNk] vkSj ns[kus esa euHkkÅ] vkSj cqf)
nsus ds fy;s pkgus ;ksX; Hkh gS] rc mlus ml eSaa ls rksM+dj [kk;k( vkSj vius ifr dks Hkh
fn;k] vkSj mlus Hkh [kk;kA ¼mRifÙk 3%6½
eSaus vPNk] euHkkÅ vkSj pkgus;ksX; bu 'kCnksa dks ns[kk vkSj fcydqy gh vpafHkr jg
x;kA fQj eSaaus ijes'oj ds vkRek dks dgrs gq, lquk] ÞdqN vPNh ckrs gksrh gS oks eSajh ugha
gS] oks eqs lefiZr ugha fd;k x;k gSAÞ
eSaaus dqN nsj cSBdj tks dqN lquk vkSj i+k mlij fopkj djus yxkA ijes'oj ds opu
us eSajs fopkjksa dks lq/kkj Fkk vkSj ckrksa dks LiV fd;k FkkA vPNkbZ ;k HkykbZ djus ds fok;
eSajk Lrj ijes'oj ds Lrj ls fcydqy gh fHkUu FkkA
ijes'oj vkxs esjs ân; ls ckr djus yxkA mlus eqs fn[kk;k dh dSls vf/kdka'k ÞvPNsÞ
yksx vkSj fo'ksk djds elhgh yksx dkeqd ySafxd okluk] va/kdkje; laxhr] 'kSrkuh çdkj
dk laxhr] gR;k] pksjh ;k blh çdkj ds fdlh Hkh çdkj ds cqjs dkeksa dks djrs ugha vkSj u

21A
gh mudh vksj mudk dksbZ qdko gksrk gSA vf/kdka'k yksx vPNh] ;ksX; vkSj cqf)ekuh dh
fn[kkbZ nsus okyh] ckrksa ds /kks[ks eSaa mudh vksj vkdfkZr gks tkrs gS ijUrq ;g lc ijes'oj
ds Kku ls foijhr gksrh gSA gesa crk;k x;k gS%
,slk ekxZ gS] tks euq; dks Bhd ns[k iM+rk gS] ijUrq mlds vUr esa e`R;q gh feyrh gSA
¼uhfropu 14%12½
çFke ge bl in ds vafre Hkkx ij ppkZ djrs gS% ijUrq mlds var esa e`R;q gh feyrh
gSA vusd elhgh yksx bu 'kCnksa dh vksj iwjk /;ku ugha nsrs gS D;ksafd os lksprs gS] esjk
m)kj gqvk gS] eSa LoxZ ds ekxZ ij py jgk gw¡ vkSj eSa ekSr dks ugha ns[kwaxkA os lksprs gS dh
;g ckr dsoy vfo'oklh ds fy, ykxwgksrh gS- ijUrq vkb, ge fQjls ns[krs gS dh ijes'oj
dk opu ;gk¡ D;k dguk pkgrk gSA
bu 'kCnksa dh vksj /;ku nsa] Þ,slk ekxZ gS---ftlds var esa e`R;q gh feyrh gSÞ opu eSaa ckj
ckj Þthou dk ekxZÞ vkSj Þe`R;q dk ekxZÞ ds ckjs esa mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ijes'oj vius
yksxksa dks ¼mudks ugha tks mlds ugha gS½ dgrk gS] Þ;gksok ;ksa dgrk gS] ns[kks] eSaa rqEgkjs lkEkus
thou dk ekxZ vkSj e`R;q dk ekxZ Hkh crkrk gw¡AÞ ¼f;eZ;kg 21%8½
;gk¡ ij ekxZ dk vFkZ gS cqf) ;k Kku ftlls ge pyrs gSA vki bu 'kCnksa dks opu
esa ckj ckj ns[ksaxsA ;h'kq bUgs bl çdkj çxV djrk gS] Þldsr QkVd ls ços'k djks] D;ksafd
pkSM+k gS og QkVd vkSj pkdy gS og ekxZ tks fouk'k [e`R;q] dks igqapkrk gS; vkSj cgqrsjs gSa
tks ml ls ços'k djrs gSaA D;ksafd ldsr gS og QkVd vkSj ldjk gS og ekxZ tks thou dks
igqapkrk gS---Þ ¼eÙkh 7%134 NSAB½ ysfdu D;k ;h'kq ;gk¡ ij dsoy vuardky ds fok; esa
gh cksy jgk gS
ijes'oj us thou dk o`{k vnu ds cxhps eSaa fcydqy chpks chp yxk;kA ;g ijes'oj
ds thou ds ekxZ dk çfrd Fkk] mldk KkuA cxhps ds e/;Hkkx esa ,d vkSj o`{k Fkk vkSj
oks Hkys vkSj cqjs ds Kku dk FkkA ;g o`{k e`R;q ds ekxZ dk çfrd Fkk ; ;g o`{k ijes'oj ds
cxSj euq; ds Kku dk çfrd FkkA bl o`{k dk Qy [kkus ls vkne vkSj gOok ds Hkfo; ds
thou ij gh dsoy ifj.kke ugha gqvk] ysfdu rqjar gh mudks ifj.kke Hkqxruk iM+kA muds
bl ew[kZrk ds dk;Z ls igys os Lora=] dk;Z'khy] lq–+] vkSj lQy Fks vkSj os tks pkgs dj
ldrs FksA ijUrq ftl {k.k mUgksaus ml fufk) Qy dks [kk;k] mudk thou dfBu cu x;kA
muij chekjh] ykpkjh] ifjJe vkSj ftu dfBukb;ksa dks os tkurs Hkh ugha Fks mudh ihM+k vk
xbZA mUgksaus e`R;q ds ekxZ eSaa ços'k dj fy;k FkkA
vPNkbZ D;k gS

ijUrq ijes'oj m)kjdrkZ gSA euq; us tks dqN [kks;k Fkk mls okfil ikus dh ;kstuk
mlus igys gh cuk yh FkhA thou dk ekxZ iqu%LFkkfir djus ds fy, mlus okpk cka/khA
mldh cqf)ekfurk fQj ,d ckj lPps vkuan] vkuane; thou] 'kkafr] Hkjiqjh vkSj vU; egku
ykHk LFkkfir djsxh%
D;k gh /kU; gS og euq; tks cqf) ik,---vkSj ftruh oLrqvksa dh rw ykylk djrk gS] mu
esa ls dksbZ Hkh mlds rqY; u BgjsxhA mlds nfgus gkFk esa nh?kkZ;q] vkSj mlds ck,a gkFk esa
/ku vkSj efgek gSA mlds ekxZ euHkkÅ gSa] vkSj mlds lc ekxZ dq'ky ds gSaA tks cqf) dks
xzg.k dj ysrs gSa] muds fy;s og thou dk o`{k curh gS( vkSj tks ml dks idM+s jgrs gSa]
og /kU; gSaA ¼uhfropu 3%1318½
ijes'oj dk opu crkrk gS fd tc ge ijes'oj dk opu vius thou esa ykxw djrs
gS rc ge Qynk;h thou] cgqrk;r] lQyrk] yEch vk;q] eu dh 'kkafr] vkSj lEeku dks
mRiUu ldrs gSA o`{k ls vU; yksx ykHk çkIr djrs gSA bu inksa ds vuqlkj ;fn ge thou
dk ekxZ ¼Kku½ dk vuqlj.k djrs gS] rks ge thou dk o`{k curs gSmuds fy, iksk.k dk
lzksr curs gS tks gekjs }kjk mRiu dh xbZ ckrksa dks xzg.k djrs gSA blds foijhr Hkh lR;
gSA ;fn gk euq; ds Kku ds vuqlkj pyrs gS] rks ge fouk'kdkjh o`{k curs gS] vkSj tc dksbZ
gekjs }kjk mRiUu mu fouk'kdkjh ckrksa dks xzg.k djrs gS rc os ruko] ifjJe] vQynkf;Ro]
chekjh] LokFkZ] vkSj vkfRed e`R;q dh vU; ckrksa dk lkeuk djrs gSA
uhfropu 14%12 fQj ,d ckj ns[krs gS] ge i+rs gS Þ,slk ekxZ gS] tks euq; dks Bhd
ns[k iM+rk gS] ijUrq mlds vUr eSaa e`R;q gh feyrh gSAÞ tc ge bl in ds igys Hkkx dks
ns[krs gS rks ge tkurs gS dh ;g gj ,d O;fä ds fy, ykxw gS] elhgh vkSj xSjelhgh nksuksa
dksA ,slk ekxZ gS tks euq; dks Bhd ns[k iM+rk gSoks vPNk] Kkuiw.kZ] ykHknk;d] ;kstukc)]
xzg.k;ksX; fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA fQj Hkh psrkouh LiV gS% tks Bhd fn[kkbZ nsrk gS oks fouk'kdkjh]
ck/kd vkSj vQynk;h gks ldrk gSe`R;q dk ekxZA
bczkfu;ksa dh i=h dk ys[kd fo'okfl;ksa dks ;g f'k{kk nsrs gq, fy[krk gS%
Þ---bl ds fok; eSaa geSaa cgqr lh ckrsa dguh gSa---blfy;s fd rqe Åapk lquus yxs gksAle;
ds fopkj ls rks rqEgsa xq: gks tkuk pkfg, Fkk] rkSHkh D;k ;g vko';d gS] fd dksbZ rqEgsa
ijes'oj ds opuksa dh vkfn f'k{kk fQj ls fl[kk, vksj ,sls gks x, gks] fd rqEgsa vUu ds
cnys vc rd nw/k gh pkfg,A ij vUu l;kuksa ds fy;s gS] ftu ds KkusfUæ; vH;kl
djrs djrs] Hkys cqjs esa Hksn djus ds fy;s iDds gks x, gSaAÞ ¼bczkfu;ksa 5%1112]14½

23A
;g LiV gS fd le cqf) ;g fuf'pr fy, egRoiw.kZ gS fd D;k okLro esa lgh gS vkSj
D;k xyrA nwljs 'kCnksa eSaa vPNk D;k gS ;g geSa'kk gh gekjs LokHkkfod fopkjksa] Kku vkSj
laosnu {kerk esa LiV ugha gksrk gSA vki dgsaxs ÞD;k bczkfu;ksa ds ys[kd us ugha dgk fd
varj gekjh laosnu {kerk dks çf'kf{kr fd;k tk ldrk gSÞ
th gk¡] mlus dgk gS] ysfdu og dkSulh laosnu {kerk dh ckr dj jgk gS vki ns[ksaxsa
dh bu inksa vkjEHk esa] ys[kd us dgk gS dh oks mu elhfg;ksa dks fy[k tks Å¡pk lquus yxs
gSA oks çdkj ds lquus dh ckr dj jgk gS D;k bu lHkh bczkuh fo'okfl;ksa dks lgk;rk dh
vko';drk Fkh ughaA og ân; eSaa lquus dh {kerk dh ckr dj gSA ;h'kq us ges'kk fl[kk;k
gS] Þftl ds lquus ds dku gksa] og lqu ysAÞ ¼eÙkh 11%15½ okLro esa tk, rks ftruksa us ;g
f'k{kk çkIr dh mu lcds 'kkjhfjd dku Fks] dsfdu mu lcds ds ikl ijes'oj dk opu
leus dk ºzn; ugha Fkk] tks muds thou ds fy, egRoiw.kZ FkkA
ge dqN le; ckn esa vkfRed le ;k Kku ;k Kku dh {kerk ds fok; esa ns[ksaxs(
ijUrq vHkh eqís dh ckr ;g gS fd Hkys vkSj cqjs ds varj dks lrgh Lrj ij LiV ugha fd;k
tk ldrkA LV‚dgksYe ds gksVy dejs eSaa lR; dk lkeuk igys] esjk fo'okl Fkk dh ÞvPNkÞ
vkSj ÞcqjkÞ gekjs fcydqy lkeus gS] fcydqy LiV ljyA ysfdu ge ,d vkSj mnkgj.k dks
ns[krs gS% ;h'kq ds psyksa esa] irjl] us ;h'kq ls lqj{kk vkSj yEch vk;q ds fok; dhA fcydqy
LiV fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk dh og vius xq# dks lykg ns jgk gSA ijUrq ;h'kq us mls dM+s 'kCnksa
eSaa rkM+uk nsrs gq, dgk fd mlds fopkj vkSj dYiuk ijes'oj vksj ls ugha gS ¼ns[ksa eÙkh
16%2123½ ifo= 'kkL= eSaa fn[kkbZ nsus okys vusd mnkgj.kksa esa ls ;g dsoy ,d mngkj.k
gS tgk¡ LiV vPNk vkSj cqjk leuk lk/kkj.k ugha gSA Þrw vius nkl dks---leus dh ,slh
'kfä ns] fd eSaa Hkys cqjs dks ij[k ldwa---ß ¼1 jktk3%9½
blds fy, Kkuo/kZd ân; dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tks ;g leus ds fy, çf'kf{kr
fd;k x;k gS fd ijes'oj ds ekinaM ds vuqlkj vPNk vkSj cqjk D;k gSA gOok çdkj ls lgh
Fkh] vkSj ftl cxhps og jgrh Fkh ogka ijes'oj dh mifLFkfr 'kfä'kkyh vkSj lkeFkhZ FkhA
ijUrq ftls mlus ;ksX;] euHkkÅ vkSj ykHknk;d lek og okLro esa cqjk vkSj mlds thou
ds fy, fouk'kdkjh FkkA mls /kks[kk fn;k x;k Fkk] vkSj mlds dkj.k mls nq%[k mBkus iM+saA
;gk¡ ge bl iqLrd ds mís'; rd igq¡prs gS% ijes'oj ds opu ds }kjk vkSj ifo= vkRek
dh lgk;rk ls ;g LiV djuk vkSj tkuuk dh gekjs thou ds fy, D;k vPNk gS vkSj
varr% D;k gekjs fy, fouk'kdkjh gSA ;fn gOok] tks ifjiw.kZ Fkh vkSj nkskjfgr okrkoj.k eSaa
jgrh Fkh] fQj Hkh mlus /kks[kk [kk;k] rks fQj ge tks nwfkr fopkjksa vkSj HkzV lalkjnqV
vPNkbZ D;k gS

lektesa jgrs gS rks fQj geSaa bl ckr dk U;k; djuk fdruk dfBu gS fd dkSulh vPNh
fn[kkbZ nsus okyh ckr gekjs fouk'k dk dkj.k gS

25A
2
;g dSls gqvk
gs esjs fç; Hkkb;ksa] /kks[kk u [kkvksA
D;ksafd gj ,d vPNk ojnku
vkSj gj ,d mÙke nku Åij gh ls gS---
;kdwc 1%1617
[fo'oklh] ugha lksprk dh ijes'oj gels blfy, çse djsxk
D;ksafd ge vPNs gS] ijUrq D;ksafd oks gels çse djrk gS
blfy, geSaa vPNk cuk,xk
lh-,l- yqbZl
ml fnu LohMu eSaa gksVy ds dejs esa eSa HkkSPpdk cSBk Fkk] esjh Hkkouk,a mFky iqFky gks
FkhA ç[;kr O;fä dh e`R;q ds fy, esjs nq%[k ds çfr ijes'oj mÙkj lqudj eSa vk'p;Z
pfdr Fkk] ysfdu eSa ijs'kku Hkh FkkA eSa cspSu Fkk vkSj vusd ç'u eu eSaa mB jgs FksA eSa vusd
okksaZ ls lsodkbZ eSaa Fkk] vusd iqLrdsa fy[kh gS] vkSj lalkj ds vusd Hkkxksa esa ¼dsoy vUVkfVZdk
dks NksM+½ fo'okfl;ksa dks f'k{kk nh gS] fQj Hkh vPNk ;k Hkyk D;k gS blds fok; esa esjk Kku
fdruk v/kwjk gS vHkh mtkxj gks x;k FkkA
esjs eu esa mBus okys lcls egRoiw.kZ ç'u Fks] vkSj D;k gS tks eqs vPNk fn[kkbZ nsrk
gS ysfdu oks ijes'oj dh –Vh esa vPNk ugha gS vkSj mruk gh egRoiw.kZ ;g dh
blds ifj.kke D;k gq, gS
blls igys fd eSa bu ç'uksa ds mÙkj nw¡] ;g vPNk gksxk dh ge ml LFkku esa fQj ls
tk,¡ tgk¡ ;g vkjEHk gqvk% vnu cxhpkA ,slk djuk Bhd gksxk D;ksafd gksVy ds dejs esa
esjk /;ku dsafær djus fy, ijes'oj us blh lanHkZ dk mi;ksx fd;k FkkA cxhps dh dgkuh

ds fok; esa ,d lrkus okyk ç'u gS tks eqsvkSj vusdksa dks vusd okksaZ ls ijs'kku dj jgk
gS% lk¡i dSls gOok dks ijes'oj ds fo#) gksus ds fy, rS;kj dj ik;k
blds fok; esa fopkj djrs gSA gOok fcydqy ifjiw.kZ okrkoj.k eSaa jgrh FkhA ifr] firk]
dksbZ fj'rsnkj] ekfyd] f'k{kd ;k vkSj fdlh us dHkh Hkh ml ij vR;kpkj ugha fd;k FkkA
og lEiw.kZ 'kkafr] çlUurk esa jg jgh Fkh] lcdqN dh Hkjiwjh Fkh] dksbZ fcekjh ugha ;k fdlh
pht+ dh deh ugha FkhA lcls mÙke ckr rks ;g Fkh dh og vius mRiUu drkZ ds lkFk vkuan
ls jg jgh FkhA i`Foh ij lc rjQ ijes'oj dk vfLrRo Fkk vkSj og vkne vkSj gOok ds
lkFk cxhps esa ?kweus vk;k djrk FkkA rks fQj lk¡i bl L=h vkSj iq#k dks Hkh ijes'oj ds
fo#) djus esa dSls lQy gqvk
vxj ge bl jgL; mÙkj çkIr dj ldrs gS] rks gesa bl ckr dk ykHknk;d Kku çkIr
gks tk;sxk dh 'k=q vkt gekjs lkFk Hkh oSlk gh fdl çdkj dj ldrk gSA ;fn ge mldh
;qfä dks le ldrs gS] rks ge mlds /kks[ks dk f'kdkj gksdj vius mRiUudrkZ ds çfr
vklkuh ls voKkdkjh ugha gksaxsA
vR;ar HkO; cxhpk
vkjEHk eSaa ijes'oj us ifjiw.kZ l`fV cuk;ha] vR;ar lqUnj] funksZk] lcdqN dh Hkjiqjh vkSj
vkuan okyh lc yqHkkouh oLrq,a mlesa FkhA ijes'oj us dsoy dqN gh çdkj ds çk.kh] isM+]
vkSj /kjrh cuk,aA mlus djksM+ksa tho tarqvksa dh jpuk dh] nks lkSa ipkl djksM+ ls Hkh vf/kd
isM+ ikSa/ks] vufxur çdkj ds iRFkj] feVVh vkSj vU; /kkrw cuk,aA i`Foh tSlk vkSj dqN ugha
FkkA gt+kjksa okksaZ ds ckn vHkh Hkh oSKkfud vH;kl djrs gS vkSj mldh vuks[kh jpuk dks
ns[kdj vpEHkk djrs gSA mUgsa vius bl lalkj dk lEiw.kZ Kku vHkh rd Hkh çkIr ugha gqvk
gS vkSj 'kk;n dHkh gksxk Hkh ughaA
ijes'oj us ;g lcdqN muds fy, cuk;k ftuls og çse djrk gS% euq;A vkSj i`Foh
bruh lqUnj cu xbZ rks mlus vkSj Hkh vkxs tkdj dqN vkSj dj fn;kA mlus O;fäxr :i
ls cxhps dks cuk;kfuekZ.k ugha fd;ki`Foh ij ,d vn~Hkqr cxhpkA
eqs vyx vyx çdkj dh Hkwfe vkSj cxhps ilan gSA ysfdu eSa ,d lp crkuk pkgrk
gw¡A eqs mlesa dke djuk vPNk ugha yxrkvki yhlk ls blds ckjs esa iwN ldrs gSA cxhps
esa dke djus dh esjh v#fp ds ckjs esa og xqLls eSaa gh crk,xhA eqs rks cxhps esa] taxy esa]
isM+ ikS/kksa chp eSaa cSBuk ;k Vgyuk vPNk yxrk gSA eSa vusd jax] [kq'kcw] feVVh vkSj vusd
çdkj ds isM+ ikS/kksa /;ku ls ns[kdj mudh ç'kalk djrk gw¡A

27A
gky gh esa eSa teZuh ds u‚LVkat+ 'kgj esa çpkj dj jgk Fkk] bl 'kgj dk uke ml rkykc
ds uke ls iM+k gS ftlds fdukjs ij ;g clk gqvk gSA u‚LVkat+ teZuh dk lcls cM+k rkykc
gS] mlesa vkYIl igkM+ksa ls fi?kys gq, cQZ dk ikuh vkrk gSA yhlk vkSj eSa ogk gekjsa fe=
ÝSeqV ¼vPNk teZu uke½ tks dh ,d iknjh gS vkSj mudh iRuh tksvkuk muls feyus x, FksA
gekjh bl ;k=k ds nkSjku gekjs ikl dqN [kkyh le; Fkk] vkSj gekjs est+cku us bl
le; esa gesa dqN vPNk le; fcrkus ds fy, dgh ys tkus dk çLrko j[kkA geus ns[kk dh
u‚LVkat+ 'kgj eSaa djus ds fy, fdlh pht+ dh deh ugha gS( ysfdu tks ,d pht+ eSa djuk
pkgrk Fkk mldk fdlh us ft+Ø ugha fd;k-
u‚LVkat+ rkykc ds chp esa ,d txg gS ¶ykoj vkbySaMA mldk vlyh uke gS eSaum]
ysfdu ¶ykoj vkbySaM T;+knk vFkZiw.kZ gS] D;ksafd iwjk vkbySaM ,d cxhpk gSA eSa ml cxhps
esa Vgyuk pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu mls ns[kus esa iwjk fnu yx tkrkA
eSaaus tc og tkus dh bPNk çxV dh rc yhlk] tksvkuk vkSj ÝSeqV us igys lkspk eSa
et+kd dj jgk gw¡A D;ksafd ftl O;fä dks [ksy vkSj vU; çfr;ksxhrk ;qä xfrfof/k;ksa esa
:fp gks og cxhps esa ?kweus tSlh ckr djsa rks fdlh dks vk'p;Z ugha gksxk tc eSaus nks rhu
ckj esjh bPNk çxV dh rc esjs fe=ksa us çfrfØ;k çxV dh vkSj dgk] Þgeus ugha lkspk dh
vki lp esa ogk tkuk pkgrs gSA D;k vki lp esa tkuk pkgrs gSÞ
ÞfcydqyÞ eSaaus dgkA vkSj geus ogk¡ tkus dk Iyku cuk;k] gkykfda lHkh tkus ds fy,
mRlqd ugha FksA
og Lej.k esa j[kus yk;d fnu FkkA geus iqy ij ls vkbySaM rd dkj ls ;k=k dh]
vanj tkus ds fy, ços'k }kj ij Qhl tek dh] vkSj cxhpk ns[kus ds fy, vanj pys x,A
ea=eqX/k gksus esa eqs vf/kd le; ugha yxkA bl cxhps ds vk'p;Ztud cukoV vkSj lqanjrk
ns[kdj eSa vk'p;Z esa Mwc x;kA vkSj mÙke ckr rks ;g gS dh ,slh gkyr flQZ esjh gh ugha
FkhA ckdh rhuksa dk et+kd mM+kuk tYn gh can gks x;k tc mUgksaus Hkh bl vR;ar lqUnj
cxhps dh vuqHkwfr dhA
bl cxhps dk gj ,d fgLlk vk¡[kksa dks r`Ir djus okyk FkkA Qwyksa dk fcLrj bl çdkj
cuk;k gqvk Fkk dh mlds chp ls ckuh gqbZ ixM.Mh ij ls pyrs le; gj ,d Qwy LiV
:i ls fn[kkbZ nsrk FkkA Qwyksa ls uD+'ks vkSj cM+s cM+s çkf.k;ksa dh çfr—fr;ka bruk gh ugha rks
cPpksa ?kjksa vkSj vU; vusd phtksa dh çfr—fr;ka vyx vyx Qwyksa] ikS/kksa vkSj isM+ksa ls cukbZ
xbZ FkhA ikuh ds QOokjs Hkh pkjksa rjQ cgqr gh lqUnj jhrh ls fc[kjsa gq, FksA
;g dSls gqvk

geus bl [kwclwjr txg dk vkuan iwjh jhrh ls fy;k ftldks ns[kus ds fy, vk/ks fnu
ls Hkh T;+knk le; yxrk gS ge dsoy vk/kk gh cxhpk ns[k ik,a! ml fnu vusd ckj eSaaus
vius eu eSaa dgk] ;fn euq; bl vkbySaM ij bruk lqUnj cxhpk cuk ldrk gS] tgk¡ vk¡[kksa
dks r`Ir djus okyh lqanjrk dh Hkjiqjh gS vkSj eu çlUu djus okys ,sls lqxa/k gS tks lwa?kus ds
bfUæ; dks larqV dj nsrs gS] rks fQj ijes'oj dk cxhpk dSlk gksxk D;ksafd ml cxhps dks
cukus okyk dksbZ fuiq.k dkjhxj ;k bathfu;j ugha FkkA oks rks Lo;a mRiUudrkZ ijes'oj FkkA
ijes'oj us vnu dh okfVdk vR;ar Hkjiwj lqUnj cukbZ] mlesa vkne dks j[kk vkSj gj
,d çk.kh dks mlds ikl ys vk;k] ijes'oj ns[kuk pkgrk Fkk dh vkne nl yk[k ls Hkh
vf/kd çkf.k;ksa dh tkfr;ksa dks D;k uke nsrk gSA bl vkneh ds ikl fdruk Kku vkSj cqf)
gksxh! ijUrq vkne ds ikl bu çkf.k;ksa dks uke nsus dh gh dsoy {kerk ugha Fkh ijUrq mu
lcds uke ;kn Hkh j[kus dh {kerk FkhvkSj mldh lgk;rk djus ds fy, dksbZ vkbZ iSM ;k
xwxy ugha FkkA vkne cgqr cqf)eku FkkA
ijUrq ijes'oj vkne ds ikl çkf.k;ksa dks dsoy blfy, ugha yk;k dh og mls uke nsa(
oks ;g Hkh ns[kuk pkgrk Fkk dh muesals dkSulk çk.kh vkne ds fy, ;ksX; thoulkFkh gksxkA
vkne us lHkh i{kh vkSj lHkh çkf.k;ksa dks uke fn;sa] ijUrq muesa ls dksbZ Hkh mlds fy,
;ksX; lkFkh ;k lgk;d ugha FkkA rc ijes'oj us vkne dks xgjh uhan esa lqyk;k] vkSj tc
oks lks jgk Fkk] rc ijes'oj us vkne dh ,d ilyh fudkyh vkSj ilyh fudys gq, fgLls
dks can dj fn;kA mlus ml ilyh ls ,d L=h dh jpuk dh vkSj mls vkne ds ikl ys
x;kA rc vkne us dgk%
Þvc ;g esjh gfì;ksa esa dh gìh vkSj esjs ekal esa dk ekal gS( lks bldk uke ukjh gksxk]
D;ksafd ;g uj eSaa ls fudkyh xbZ gSAÞ ¼mRifr 2%23½
euq; ds fy, ;ksX; lkFkh ,d L=h gh FkhA os nksuksa ,d nwljs ls ckrphr dj ldrs Fks
vkSj ,d nwljs dks iw.kZ djrs ldrs FksA nksuksa dks feydj i`Foh dh vkSj fo'ksk :i ls cxhps
dh ns[kHkky djus dh ft+Eesnkjh lkSaih xbZA
gOok dks vkne ds 'kjhj ls fudkyus ls igys ijes'oj us LiV funsZ'k fn, Fks dh% Þrc
;gksok ijes'oj us vkne dks ;g vkKk nh] fd rw okfVdk ds lc o`{kksa dk Qy fcuk [kVds
[kk ldrk gS( ij Hkys ;k cqjs ds Kku dk tks o`{k gS] mldk Qy rw dHkh u [kkuk( D;ksafd
ftl fnu rw mldk Qy [kk, mlh fnu vo'; ej tk,xkAÞ ¼mRifr 2%1617½

29A
blds ckn fy[kh xbZ vxyh ?kVuk fdl le; gqbZ bldk le; gesa irk ughaA oks ,d
lIrkg ckn] ;k ,d lky ckn ;k vusd n'kdksa ckn gqvk gksxkA ijUrq oks fnu vk;k tc
ml vR;ar pyk[k vkSj prqj çk.kh] lkai us gOok dks viuk fu'kkuk cuk;k vkSj mlds lkeus
ijes'oj }kjk nh gS vkKk ds fok; esa 'kadk j[k nhA
¼lkai ckr dSls dj ldrk Fkk eSajk O;fäxr ekuuk ;g gS dh iru ls igys çk.kh vkne
gOok ls ckr djrs FksA blhfy, tc lkai ml ls ckr djus yxk rc mls dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha
gqvkA çk.kh ds ckr djus dk ;g Kku vkxs vusd ihf+;ksa rd pyrk x;k gksxk] D;ksafd tc
ckyke dh x/kgh cksyus yxh rc cyke dks Hkh dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha gqvk] nsf[k;s fxurh 22%21
35] oks viuh x+gh ds lkFk vkjke ls ckr djrk jgk] mlus dksbZ vk'p;Z çxV ugha fd;kA
;k ;g ckr mlds lkeus vpkud vkbZ ,sls çrhr ugha gksrk gSA½
mlus ;g lc dSls fd;k
vnu dh okfVdk eSaa D;k gqvk bldh [kkst djus ds gekjs mís'; dks eSa ,d ckj fQj ml
ckr dks vkids lkeus j[kuk pkgrk gq¡A ge ;g tkuus dk ç;Ru dj jgs gS dh brus lqUnj
vkSj ifjiw.kZ okrkoj.k esa 'kSrku ls çHkkfor bl lkai us gOok dks ijes'oj ds fo#) gksus ds
fy, dSls çksRlkfgr fd;k gksxkA ge mldh ;kstuk dk ifj{k.k djrs gS%
vkSj mlus L=h ls dgk] ÞD;k lp gS] fd ijes'oj us dgk] fd rqe bl okfVdk ds fdlh
o`{k dk Qy u [kkukÞ ¼mRifr 3%1½
bl tkudkjh ds lkFk lkai us viuh ;kstuk dk igyk dne mBk;kA mldk mís'; Fkk
gOok dks bZ'ojh; Kku ls nwj djukA mlds prqjkbZ ls iwNs x, ç'u us L=h dqN le; ds
fy, Hkwy xbZ dh mlds pkjksa vksj vufxur isM+ gS ftlesa sjksa Qy yxs gq, gS] vkSj mldk
/;ku dsoy ml ,d isM+ dh vksj vkdfkZr gksdj fLFkj gks x;kA
vkne vkSj gOok ds fy, ijes'oj ds lVhd 'kCn Fks] Þrqe cxhps esa fdlh Hkh isM+ ds
Qy [kkuk] dsoy---Þ mldh mnkjrk esa ;g LiV Fkk dh] Þrqe fdlh Hkh isM+ dk Qy [kkukAÞ
i`Foh ij gekjh tkudkjh esa gt+kjksa Qyksa ds isM+ gS] vkSj gj ,d isM+ ml le; ml cxhps
esa Fkk ;g t+kfgj lh ckr gSA lkai fdruk pky[k Fkk gOok ogk ds gt+kjksa isM+ksa esa ls fdlh
Hkh isM+ dk Qy [kk ldrh Fkh] ijUrq 'kSrku ds pkykdh ls iwNsa x, ç'u ds ckn og ml
,d isM+ ls ftls çfrcaf/kr fd;k x;k Fkk viuh vk¡[ks gVk ugh ldhA
;g dSls gqvk

vkt Hkh ckr dksbZ vyx ugha gSA ijes'oj us geSaa vusd ojnku vkSj oLrqa, eq¶r esa HksaV
nh gSLoxZ ls vkus okyk çR;sd vk'khokZn ¼ns[ksa bfQfl;ksa 1%3½ budh lwfp cukus ds fy,
,d vkSj iqLrd Hkh de iM+ tk,xh! gesa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gS dh elhg esa lc dqN gekjk
gS ¼ns[ksa 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 3%2123½ ijUrq gekjs 'k=q dh ;kstuk D;k gS cxhps esa tks ;kstuk Fkh
mlls dksbZ vyx ugha FkhA og ijes'oj dh mnkjrk dks gekjh –Vh ls nwj djuk pkgrk gS
dh ge dsoy oks gh ns[k lds tks gels Þnwj j[kk x;kÞ gSA ijes'oj gesa dqN ckrksa ls oafpr
D;ksa j[krk gS ge bl egRoiw.kZ ç'u ds ckjs esa dqN gh le; esa ns[ksaxs] ysfdu ljy 'kCnksa
esa dgk tk,¡ rks] ,slk oks gekjs Hkys ds fy, djrk gSA gekjs fy, vPNk D;k gS ;g oks gels
csgrj tkurk gSA
tks lR; og tkurh Fkh mlh dk lgkjk ysrs gq,] gOok us cksyus okys bl liZ dks rqjar
mÙkj fn;k%
Þbl ckfVdk ds o`{kksa ds Qy ge [kk ldrs gSaA ij tks o`{k okfVdk ds chp eSaa gS] mlds
Qy ds fok; eSaa ijes'oj us dgk gS fd ^u rks rqe mldks [kkuk vkSj u mldks Nwuk] ugha
rks ej tkvksxsA*Þ ¼mRifr 3%23½
gOok us tks mÙkj fn;k og fdl çdkj v;ksX; Fkk bl ckr dh vksj /;ku nsuk vko';d
gSA ijes'oj us ml isM+ ds Qy dks uk Nwus ds fok; esa dqN Hkh ugha dgk FkkA vki dks
;g ckr lk/kkj.k yxsxh ijUrq blls geSaa ;g Kkr gksrk gS dh 'kSrku us gOok dks gh viuk
fu'kkuk D;ksa cuk;k vkSj vkne dks D;ksa ughaA
tc ewy vkKk nh xbZ Fkh rc gOok vfLrRo esa ugha Fkh] blfy, mlus vkKk dks vkne
ds leku ijes'oj ds eq[k ls ugha lquk FkkA eSa O;fäxr :i ls ekurk gw¡ dh bl ?kVuk ds
igys fnu vkne vkSj gOok cxhps esa ?kwers ?kwers Hkys vkSj cqjs ds Kku ds bl isM+ ds fudV
vk x,A vkne us ml isM+ dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gq, gOok dks crk;k dh ijes'oj us mlds
fok; esa D;k dgk gSA eSa bl çdkj dh tkudkjh dks fdlh vkSj ds }kjk nh xbZ tkudkjh
;k Kku lerk gw¡A vkne ds fy, ;g vkKk çxV fd;k gqvk Kku FkkA blesa varj D;k gS
çxV fd;k gqvk Kku oks gS tks ijes'oj Lo;a geSaa çxV djrk gSA
çxV fd;k gqvk vkSj crk;k gqvk Kku
,d fnu ;h'kq us vius f'k;ksa ls iwNk] Þyksx euq; ds iq= dks D;k dgrs gSaÞ ¼eÙkh 16%13½
f'k;ksa us nwljksa ls tks lquk Fkk oks ,d ,d djds crkuk vkjEHk fd;k% cifrLek djus okyk

31A
iqu#fRFkr ;wgUuk] ,fy;k] f;eZ;kg] ;k vU; Hkfo;/oäkvksa esa ls ,dbu yksxksa us vius le;
ds fV~oVj] Qslcqd] baLVkxzke vkSj Cy‚x ds ek/;e ls ;gh lquk FkkA
tc ;h'kq us tku fy;k dh nwljksa ls çkIr tkudkjh ds }kjk mUgksaus D;k tku fy;k Fkk]
rc mlus mUgsa nwljk ç'u iwNk ÞijUrq rqe eqs D;k dgrs gksÞ ¼in 15½
f'k; LrC/k jgs] muds ikl dksbZ mÙkj ugha FkkA ;fn ;h'kq us igyk ç'u iwNk ugha gksrk
rks os dsoy nwljksa dh çfrfØ;ksa ls gh çHkkfor gksrs vkSj mudk mÙkj çkIr Kku dks gh çxV
djrkA ijUrq ;h'kq nks ç'uksa ds }kjk mudk çkIr Kku nwj djuk pkgrk Fkk rkfd og tku
lds dh ijes'oj us mUgsa D;k çxV fd;k gSA irjl gh dsoy Fkk ftlds ikl mÙkj FkkA mlus
yM+[kM+krs gq, dgk] Þrw thors ijes'oj dk iq= elhg gSAÞ ¼in16½
eSa dYiuk dj ldrk gw¡ dh ;h'kq galk gksxk] irjl dk gkSlyk c+kus ds fy, mlds
ihB ij gkFk j[kk gksxk vkSj dgk] Þekal vkSj yksgw us ugha] ijUrq esjs firk us tks LoxZ esa gS]
;g ckr rq ij çxV dh gSAÞ ¼in 17½ irjl v‚uykbu ;k fQj fdlh eSaxt+hu ls i+h
tkudkjh dks ugha nksgjk jgk FkkA oks rks mlh Kku dks çxV dj jgk Fkk tks ijes'oj us
Lo;a mls çxV fd;k FkkA
rc ;h'kq us crk;k dh bl çdkj ds çxV Kku dh uso ij dyhfl;k dh LFkkiuk gksxh]
vkSj ftuds ikl ;g Kku gksxk mUgsa udZ dh lkeFkZ Hkh ugha jksd ik;sxhA blds foifjr tks
yksx dsoy lk/kuksa }kjk çkIr Kku ij fuHkZj gksrs gS mUgsa udZ dh lkeFkZ vklkuh ls Hkjek
nsrh gSA
ge çxV Kku dks vusd çdkj ls çkIr dj ldrs gSA ifo= opu i+rs le; ;k dksbZ
çsj.kkRed iqLrd i+rs le;] çkFkZuk esa ,dkar vkSj 'kkar le; esa] iklcku ds çpkj dks
lqurs le;] Nr ij tSls irjl dks n'kZu çkIr gqvk oSls n'kZu ds }kjk ¼ns[ksa çsfjrksa ds dke
10%916½] ;k fQj ifo= vkRek ds }kjk çxV ijes'oj dk opu tks gekjs ân; esa dke
djrk gS mlds }kjkA ;g dSls gksrk gS bldk lk/kkj.k :i ls mÙkj nsuk vklku ugha gSA
dHkh dHkh vki vius ân; esa 'kkar] /kheh ok.kh dks lqusaxsA brj le; vki tku tk;saxs dh
çxVhdj.k vkids vkRek esa Mkyk x;k gSA dHkh dHkh tc vki ijes'oj dk opu i+rs gS
rc vkidks ijes'oj dh mifLFkfr dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj vkidk ân; /kM+dus yxrk gSA
ftl Hkh çdkj ls oks vkrk gS lR; rks ;g gS dh vki tku tkrs gS dh vkius ijes'oj ls
lquk gS] vkSj ;g çxV Kku vkils Nhuk ugha tkrk ldrk gSA
blds foijhr çkIr Kku fdlh vkSj us ijes'oj ls tks lquk gS vkSj mlds vk/kkj ij
mlds }kjk fy[kh xbZ iqLrdksa dks ;k mlds dFkuksa dks i+dj feyrk gSA ;g Kku fcydqy
;g dSls gqvk

;ksX; gksxk ijUrq ;fn ifo= vkRek mls vkids ân; eSaa çxV ugha djrk gS rks og vklkuh
ls fopfyr xks tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] eSaaus dqN yksxksa dks ifo= 'kkL= ds vius Kku dk fn[kkok djrs gq,
ns[kk gS% Þirk gS t‚u iSlk lc cqjkbZ dh tM+ gSAÞ bu ekxZHkzV yksxksa us D;k i+k gS ;k
fQj çpkjd ds }kjk fd;s x, mYys[k dks fdl çdkj lquk gS 1 rheqfFk;ql 6%10 esa fy[kk
gS ÞD;ksafd :i;s dk yksHk lc çdkj dh cqjkb;ksa dh tM+ gSAÞ
iSlk rks ek= ,d lk/ku gSA cl bruk ghA vki lk/ku dks mfpr jhrh ls ç;ksx dj
ldrs gS ;k fQj xyr jhrh ls ç;ksx dj ldrs gSA cUnqd ,d lk/ku gSA yqVsjs ds gkFk esa
cUnqd dk mi;ksx ywV vkSj pksjh djus ds fy, fd;k tk;sxkA iqfyl ds gkFk esa cUnqd dk
mi;ksx fdlh dks pksjh djus ;k L=h dk cykRdkj djus ;k [kwu djus ls jksdus ds fy, fd;k
tk;sxkA cUnqd oksgh gS vkSj cUnqd esa vius vki eSaa dksbZ cqjkbZ ugha gSA mlh çdkj] iSlk ,d
lk/ku gS] vkSj og lc cqjkbZ dh tM+ ugha gSA iSls dk yks lc çdkj dh cqjkbZ dh tM+ gSA
tks yksx bl çdkj ds xyr oäO; djrs gS muds ikl çxV Kku ugha ijUrq çkIr Kku
gksrk gSA esjs vuqHko ds vuqlkj fcydqy Hkh Kku uk gksus ls ;g çkIr Kku vf/kd [krjukd
gksrk gSA
okfVdk esa ,d fo'ksk o`{k ds Qy dks uk Nwus dh vkKk dks gOok us ftl çdkj crk;k
mlls Kkr gksrk gS dh mlds ikl dsoy çkIr Kku FkkA okfVdk esa ijes'oj dh mifLFkfr
FkhA og vkne vkSj gOok ds lkFk cxhps esa pyk fQjk djrk Fkk] vkSj 'kk;n gj jkst+ gh muls
feyrk Fkk ¼nsf[k;s mRifÙk 3%8½- ijes'oj us tks vkKk nh Fkh mlds ckjs esa vkne us viuh
iRuh dks crk;k ;g fcydqy Bhd Fkk] ijUrq tks mlus ugha fd;k oks ;g dh tks cksyk x;k
Fkk mlds fok; esa vius mRiUu drkZ ls Lo;a tkuus dk ç;Ru ugha fd;kA
tks ijes'oj dh [kkst esa gS mudk LoHkko ijes'oj ds Kku vkSj le dks vkSj vf/kd
xgjkbZ ls tkuus dh pkg dk gksuk pkfg,A ikSyql us fcjh;k ds yksxksa dks tc LoxZ dk
lUns'k fn;k%
;s yksx rks fFkLlyquhds ds ;gwfn;ksals Hkys Fks vkSj mUgksaus cM+h ykylk ls opu xzg.k fd;k]
vkSj çfr fnu ifo= 'kkL=ksa esa wa+rs jgs fd ;s ckrsa ;ksa gh gSa] fd ughaA ¼çsfjrksa ds dke
17%11½
chfj;k ds yksx [kkst djus okys FksA mUgksaus ikSyql dh ckrsa cgqr yxu ls lquh] vkSj
fQj mu ckrksa dh lR;rk tkuus ds fy, vius vki opu dk v/;;u fd;kA os [kqys eu

33A
ls xzg.k djus okys yksx FksA mudk eu ifo= vkRek dh ok.kh ds fy, [kqyk FkkA mudh
vkRek vkSj eu ds chp dk jkLrk vckf/kr Fkk] çxV Kku dks xzg.k djus ds fy, [kqyk FkkA
vktdy ds vusd fo'oklh;ksa dh rjg chfj;k ds yksxksa us viuk Kku igys ls rS;kj
iqLrd] Qslcqd vkSj V~ohVj ds iksLV ;k çpkj ls dsoy ugha fy;kA blh çdkj tc ;h'kq us
viuh igpku ds fok; esa f'k;ksa ls ppkZ dh rc ml le; ds lekt dh /kkj.kk ;k yksx
D;k dgrs gS ;g tkuus esa mldh :fp ugha FkhA oks tkuuk pkgrk Fkk] Þesjs fe=ksa] ijes'oj
us rqEgs D;k çxV fd;k gSÞ
mudh fdlh ;k=k ds nkSjku irjl us 'kk;n fdlh dks dgrs gq, lquk gksxk] Þvkus okyk
elhgk 'kk;n ;h'kq gh gSAÞ ml le; mlds eu vkSj ân; eSaa ifo= vkRek dh vxqokbZ ls
bl ckr dk vkdyu gqvk gksxkA cl ;gh lp gS! ;gh ijes'oj dk iq= gSA ;gh elhgk
gSA okg! vHkh rd eSa lgh ckr le gh ugha ik;k] ij vc eSa tkurk gw¡ dh ;gh elhgk
gS! blh çdkj vDlj ge ijes'oj }kjk vius lR; dks gekjs ºzn; eSaa çxV djus dh ckr
dk vuqHko djrs gSA
;k 'kk;n irjl dks fdlh vkSj rjhds ls ;g vuqHko gqvk gksxkA gks ldrk fdlh fnu
jkr dks lksus ys fy, fcLrj ij ysVus ds ckn mls bl ckr dk çxVhdj.k gqvk gksxk] ;k
fQj fnu esa ,d 'kgj ls nwljs 'kgj tkrs le; ;k fQj ;h'kq dks f'k;ksa esa ls fdlh ds lkFk
ckr djrs gq, lqurs le;A ;k fQj fdlh ,sls le; tc ;h'kq us iqjkus fu;e ls ;'kk;kg
9%67 dk mYys[k fd;k vkSj irjl dks [kqn Hkh bl ckr dk ,glkl ugha gqvk gksxk dh
bleSaa elhg ds vkus dk o.kZu gSA
;k fQj ;h'kq tc fdlh dks paxk dj jgk Fkk rc ÞvkfRed tkx`rh dk le;Þ Fkk] vkSj
mls vpkud iqjkus fu;e dk oks fgLlk ;kn vk x;k tks jCch us i+k Fkk vkSj ftlesa elhg
ds vkus dk mYys[k Fkk% Þml us vki gekjh nqcZyrkvksa dks ys fy;k vkSj gekjh chekfj;ksa dks
mBk fy;kÞ ¼eÙkh 8%17] lUnHkZ ;'kk;kg 53%4½
vusd laHkkfor çdkjksa ls irjl dks ijes'oj dk çdk'ku çkIr gqvk gksxk; egRoiw.kZ ckr
gS dh ijes'oj us Lo;a og çxV fd;kA
eqs yxrk gS dh ge csfd dg ldrs gS dh ,slk gOok ds lkFk ugha gqvkA mls
çdkf'kr Kku çkIr ugha gqvk; og dsoy mls ftruk crk;k x;k Fkk vFkkZr çkIr Kku ij
gh fuHkZj jghA 'kk;n vkne us mls fV~oVj ij lh/ks eslst Hkstk gksxk% Þgs fç;s] eSaaus rqEgs Hkys
vkSj cqjs dk Kku nsus okys isM+ ds Qyksa dh vksj fugkjrs gq, ns[kk gSA mls Nwuk er! ijes'oj
us dgk gS dh ;fn ge og Qy [kk,axs rks ej tk;saxs!Þ
;g dSls gqvk

nwljk pj.k
vc lk¡i dks gOok dk /;ku ml ,d fufk) isM+ dh vksj vkdfkZr djus esa lQy gks x;k]
gOok dks vius tky esa Q¡lkus dh ;kstuk ds nwljs pj.k dks mlus vkjEHk fd;kA ;g ç;Ru
Fkk ijes'oj us tks crk;k Fkk mlds fcydqy foijhr ckr crkukA vFkkZr mls ;g ckr fo'okl
djus ;ksX; rdZ ds :i esa is'k djuk vko';d Fkk ftlesa esa mudk D;k ykHk gS ;g LiV
djuk Hkh t+:jh FkkA 'kSrku us vkjEHk fd;k%
rc liZ us L=h ls dgk] Þrqe fu'p; u ejksxs] oju ijes'oj vki tkurk gS] fd ftl
fnu rqe mldk Qy [kkvksxs mlh fnu rqEgkjh vka[ksa [kqy tk,axh] vkSj rqe Hkys cqjs dk
Kku ikdj ijes'oj ds rqY; gks tkvksxsAÞ ¼mRifÙk 3%45½
lk¡i dh ckr dh vksj /;ku nsa% ÞD;ksafd ijes'oj tkurk gSAÞ blls ;g n'kkZ;k tk jgk
gS dh] dqN rks gS tks vkils Nqikdj j[kk tk jgk gSvkSj oks lk/kkj.k dqN Hkh ugha gS ijUrq
,slk dqN ftlls vkne vkSj gOok dk thou csgrj gks ldrk gSA ;g dqN mUgsa Å¡ps Lrj
ij ys tk ldrk gS ! bl isM+ esa dqN vPNk Fkk blfy, lk¡i us viuh ckr dks bl rjhds
ls rS;kj djds çLrqr fd;k dh oks fcydqy lgh yxsA vkSj oks lQy gks x;kA
lks tc L=h us ns[kk fd ml o`{k dk Qy [kkus esa vPNk] vkSj ns[kus esa euHkkÅ] vkSj cqf)
nsus ds fy;s pkgus ;ksX; Hkh gS] rc mlus ml esa ls rksM+dj [kk;k( vkSj vius ifr dks Hkh
fn;k] vkSj mlus Hkh [kk;kA ¼mRifÙk 3%6½
gOok us ns[kk dh isM+ vPNk gS] og euHkkÅ gS] vkSj og mls cqf)eku cuk,xkA ;g lc
euHkkÅ vkSj ykHkdkjh fo'kskrk,a gSA
tc gOok isM+ dh vksj ns[k jgh Fkh] mlds fopkj ,d vyx gh ekxZ ij pyus yxs% ,d
feuVA bl isM+ esa dqN vPNk vkSj ykHkdkjh gS] vkSj ijes'oj us bls [kkus ds fy, euk fd;k
gSA esjs ifr vkSj eSa ,d vPNk thou th ldrs gSA ge cqf)eku vkSj [kq'k gks ldrs gS]
ysfdu geSaa blls nwj j[kk x;k gSA eSaaus lkspk Fkk dh gekjk mRiUudrkZ çseh vkSj vuqxzgdkjh
gS] ysfdu ns[kks rks] oks rks /kks[kk nsus okyk gSA oks gels dqN vPNk Nqik jgk gSA
gj {k.k gOok ds fopkj blh çdkj vkxs c+rs x, vkSj oks Qy [kkus dh mldh bPNk
vkSj Hkh vf/kd rhoz gksrh xbZA ftruh ckj oks ;g lksprh jgh dh ml isM+ esa mlds fy, dqN
vPNk gS mruh ckj mldh bPNk mlds vuqlkj lgh lkfcr gksrh jghA

35A
'kSrku dk vafre mís'; gOok ds eu esa ijes'oj ds pfj= dks nwfkr djukA vkSj ;fn og
bl ;kstuk esa lQy gks tkrk gS rks og mls ijes'oj ds fo#) djus esa Hkh lQy gks tkrkA
D;ksa D;ksafd ijes'oj dk jkT; mlds pfj= ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj cuk gqvk gSA
nkÅn us fy[kk] Þrsjs flagklu dk ewy] /keZ vkSj U;k; gSÞ ¼Hktu lafgrk 89%14½ jktk
gksus ds ukrs nkÅn tkurk Fkk fd ;gh xq.k loZnk ds fy, jkT; djus okys jktk ds gSA ;fn
jktk lR;oknh] U;k;h vkSj cqf)eku gS rks mlds jkT; dk var ugha gksxkA ijUrq ;fn jktk
vU;k;h vkSj /kks[kk nsusokyk gS rks mldk jkT; cuk ugha jgsxkA
ijes'oj dk pfj= ifjiw.kZ gS] ijUrq lkai gOok dks dqN vkSj crkdj mldks Hkjekus ds
fy, fudy iM+kA mlus lPpkbZ dks rksM+ejksM+ dj j[kkA çfrcaf/kr isM+ fn[kus esa mÙke vkSj
euHkkÅ FkkA ns[kdj yxrk Fkk dh ;g isM+ O;fä dks cqf)eku cuk nsxk] ijUrq ckgjh fn[kkok
/kks[kknk;d gks ldrk gSA blhfy, gesa crk;k x;k gS fd] ÞvkSj ge rks ns[kh gqbZ oLrqvksa dks
ugha ijUrq vuns[kh oLrqvksa dks ns[krs jgrs gSa] D;ksafd ns[kh gqbZ oLrq,a FkksM+s gh fnu dh gSa]
ijUrq vuns[kh oLrq,a lnk cuh jgrh gSaAÞ ¼2 dqfjaFk 4%18½ tks fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk og ijes'oj
dk opu gSA mldk opu U;k;h vkSj fudyad gSA
/kks[kk uk [kkvks
'k=q gOok dks vius fuekZ.kdrkZ ds fo#) djus esa mldh ijes'oj ds fok; esa fopkj/kkjk ds
dkj.k lQy gqvkA vDlj tc eSaa çkFkZukvksa ds mÙkj vius le; ds vuqlkj tYnh ugha ikrk
gw¡ rc eqs Hkh ,sls la?kkZ ds nkSjku bl çdkj ds fopkjksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ,slh
fLFkfr esa eSaa vius vki dks ijes'oj dh fo'okl;ksX;rk dk Lej.k fnykrk gw¡A eSaa vius vki
dks okLrfodrk ls fl[kkrk gw¡% ijes'oj leL;k ugha gS] oks gels vPNh ckrs nwj ugha j[krk
gS] og vPNk vkSj vuqxzgdkjh firk gSA
lkai us L=h dks ;g fo'okl djus ij foo'k fd;k dh dqN vkSj Hkh vf/kd vPNk gS tks
ijes'oj mlls Nqik dj j[k jgk gSA ;fn ;g dke 'kSrku ml ifjiw.kZ okrkoj.k esa dj ldk
tgk¡ og L=h ds lkFk dHkh dksbZ nqO;Zgkj ugha gqvk gS] mls dHkh fdlh ls pksV ugha igqaph
gS ;k fdlhus us mldk xyr Qk;nk ugha mBk;k gS rks vkt bl ifrr lalkj esa 'k=q dks
;g dke djuk fdruk vklku gks tkrk gS tgk¡ nq%[k] HkzVkpkj] nqO;Zgkj vkSj /kks[kk gS blh
dkj.k çsfjr ;kdwc gesa dM+h psrkouh nsrk gS%
gs esjs fç; Hkkb;ksa] /kks[kk u [kkvksA ¼;kdwc 1%16½
;g dSls gqvk

eSaa dguk pkgwaxk dh /kks[ks ds lkFk ,d leL;k gS% ;g /kks[kk nsus okyk gS! tks /kks[kk [kkrk
gS og iqjs eu ls fo'okl djrk gS dh og lgh gS] vkSj lR; ds lkFk gSA ijUrq okLrfodrk
esa og xyr gksrs gS] vkSj lR; ds lkFk ugha gksrs gSA fdruk Mjkouk gS ;g!
gOok us /kks[kk [kk;k vkSj iki esa iM+ xbZA ;kdwc ugha pkgrk fd ge Hkh blh tky esa
Q¡l tk,¡A blfy, vkb, ge mldh iwjh ckr dk ifj{k.k djsa%
gs esjs fç; Hkkb;ksa] /kks[kk u [kkvksA D;ksafd gj ,d vPNk ojnku vkSj gj ,d mÙke nku
Åij gh ls gS] vkSj T;ksfr;ksa ds firk dh vksj ls feyrk gS] ftl esa u rks dksbZ ifjorZu gks
ldrk gS] vksj u vny cny ds dkj.k ml ij Nk;k iM+rh gSA ¼;kdwc 1%1617½
;kdwc ugha dgrk fd vf/kdrj vPNh ckrsa ijes'oj dh vksj ls vkrh gSA vusd yksx
,slk gh lksprs gSA ugha! gesa fcydqy LiV :i ls crk;k x;k gS fd çR;sd vPNk vkSj
ifjiw.kZ ojnku ijes'oj dh vksj ls gSA ge vklkuh ls fy[k ldrs gS] Þijes'oj dh bPNk
ds ckgj vkids fy, dqN Hkh vPNk ugha gSAÞ bl vxys okD; dks lk/kkj.k uk les D;ksafd
mlesa cgqr xgjkbZ gSA dksbZ ckr fdruh Hkh vPNh D;ksa u fn[krh gks] og vkidks fdruh
[kq'k D;ksa uk djrh gks] mlesa fdruk vkuan D;ksa uk gks] mlds dkj.k vki fdrus vehj ;k
lQy D;ksa uk cus] og fdruh gh vkfRed D;ksa uk fn[kkbZ nsrh gks] og fdruh laosnu'khy
D;ksa uk yxrh gks] og fdruh yksdfç; D;ksa uk gksvkSj ;g lwfp c+rh gh tkrh gSA ;fn
dksbZ ckr ijes'oj dh cqf/n ¼;k mlds opu½ ds fo#) gS rks var esa og xyr gh gksxh vkSj
vkids thou eSaa nq%[k ys vk,xhA
gOok us iwjh jhrh ls fo'okl dj fy;k dh mlus cqf)ekuh dk fu.kZ; fy;k gS,d
vPNk fu.kZ;] ,slk fu.kZ; tks mldk vkSj mlds ifr dk thou csgrj cuk nsxkA ijUrq ,slk
ugha gqvkA vkSj ;fn vki lksprs gS fd gt+kj okZ ckn vPNkbZ ds fok; esa ijs'oj ls vf/kd
vkidh cqf/n vf/kd Qk;nsean jgsxh] rks vki us fcydqy gOok ds leku gh /kks[kk [kk;k gS]
vkSj vki Hk;adj nq%[k dk lkeuk djsaxsA
eSaa turk gw¡ fd vki lkspsaxs fd ;gk¡ ij eSaa cgqr gh udkjkRed ;k ladqfpr eroknh gw¡]
ijUrq ;g esjk mís'; ;k ç;kstu ugha gSA eSaa dsoy vkidks psrkouh ns jgk gw¡A ;g iqLrd
vkids thou] lsodkbZ] O;olk;] vkilh lEcU/k] vkSj vU; ckrksa ds fy, okLro esa D;k vPNk
gS ;g igpku ikus dh lwpukvksa ls Hkjiwj gSA gkykfda elhg ;h'kq dk lans'k mldh iw.kZrk esa
çLrqr dj ikus ds fy, eqs vkidks psrkouh nsus ds lkFk f'k{kk Hkh nsuh gksxhA ikSyql vius
bl fy[kk.k esa bl ckr dh iqfV djrk gS%

37A
ftl dk çpkj djds ge gj ,d euq; dks trk nsrs gSa vkSj lkjs Kku ls gj ,d euq; dks
fl[kkrs gSa] fd ge gj ,d O;fä dks elhg eSaa fl) djds mifLFkr djsaA ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 1%28½
vki vkSj eSaa psrkouh vkSj f'k{kk funsZ'k nksuksa ds cxSj çkS+rk rd ugha tk ldrsA vki
tc Hkh dHkh dksbZ fctyh dk midj.k [kjhnrs gS] rc mlds lkFk funsZ'k iqfLrdk Hkh gksrh
gS vkSj igys ;k nwljs i`B ij fy[kk gksrk gSÞpsrkouh% ç;ksx djus ls igys vo'; i+sAÞ
fuekZ.kdrkZ fQj psrkofu;ksa dh ,d yach lwfp nsrk gS fd D;k djuk pkfg, vkSj D;k ugha
djuk pkfg,vf/kdrj ;g crk;k tkrk gS fd D;k ugha djuk pkfg,A ;g psrkouh blfy, nh
tkrh gS rkfd vki vius vki dks vkSj ml midj.k dks Hkh dksbZ Hk;adj uqdlku u igqapk,aA
;fn vki mu lwpukvksa dk mYya?ku uk djsa rks og midj.k vkidks vusd okksaZ rd mÙke lsok
nsxkA ijUrq ;fn fuekZ.kdrkZ midj.k ds lkFk psrkouh ugha nsrk gS rks fQj vki vutkus esa
,slk dqN djsaxs ftlds dkj.k midj.k rFkk vki Lo;a dks Hkh uqdlku igqapk,axsA fQj vki
ml midj.k dh daiuh dks dBksj 'kCnksa esa fpðh fy[ksaxs vkSj ;ksX; psrkouh uk nsus ds dkj.k
mudh tku [kk nksxsA
ikSyql gesa crkrk gS fd gesa u, fu;e dh psrkofu;ksa dh vksj /;ku nsuk pkfg,aA ;fn
ge mudh vksj /;ku nsrs gS rks ge vius mRiUudrkZ ds lkFk loZnk ds fy, esy ls jg
ldrs gSA ijUrq ;fn ge psrkofu;ksa dks ut+jvankt+ djrs gS ;k /;ku ugha nsrs gS] rks ge Hkh
vkne vkSj gOok ds leku nq[kksa dk lkeuk djsaxsA vkSj fQj ge vius thou esa gksus okyh
?kVukvksa ds fok; esa Cy‚x] iksLV] fpëh vkSj bZeSay fy[ksaxsA ijUrq ijes'oj LiV dgrk gS%
O;oLFkk dh ;g iqLrd rsjs fpÙk ls dHkh u mrjus ik,] blh eSaa fnu jkr /;ku fn, jguk]
blfy;s fd tks dqN ml eSaa fy[kk gS mlds vuqlkj djus dh rw pkSdlh djs( D;ksafd ,slk
gh djus ls rsjs lc dke lQy gksaxs] vkSj rw çHkko'kkyh gksxkA ¼;gks'kw 1%8 NLT½
ijes'oj ds funsZ'kksa ds iqLrd esa tks dqN fy[kk gS mldk ge iwjh jhrh ls ;fn ikyu
djrs gS rks ijes'oj us geSaa lQy vkSj le`) thou dk vfHkopu fn;k gSA bl iqLrd esa
dsoy çsj.kknk;d vkSj lkaRouk nsus okyh dsoy ugha gSA ijUrq blesa psrkofu;ka Hkh gSA
nqHkkZX;o'k vkt ds gekjs le; esa lsod vkSj opu ds f'k{kd bu egRoiw.kZ psrkofu;ksa dks
ut+jvankt+ djus dk ç;Ru djrs gSA opu ds bl Hkkx dks udkjkRed –Vh ls ns[kk tkrk gS
vkSj ge iqyfiV ls fujk'k djus okys lUns'k lquuk ugha pkgrs] D;ksafd bl çdkj ds lUns'k
yksxksa dks vPNs ugha yxrs vkSj gekjhdfyfl;ksa vkSj lHkkvksa eSaa vkus okyksa dh la[;k dke gks
;g dSls gqvk

tkrh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ;fn ;ksX; f'k{kk vkSj psrkofu;ka nh tk;s rks fo'okfl;ksa esa gksus okys
vusd nqifj.kkeksa dks Vkyk tk ldrk gSA
eSaa vkils fcurh djrk gw¡ fd vki vHkh ;ksX; fu.kZ; ysa% vkids fy, ijes'oj ds opu
vkSj Kku ds ckgj dqN Hkh vPNk ugha gSA ;fn vki bl ckr ij fo'okl djrs gS] rks vPNkbZ
vkSj ijes'oj ds e/; varj ds v/;;u vkb, ge vkxs c+rs gSA

39A
3 ijes’oj dk fo’oO;kih ekinaM
ijes’oj dk ,d ,d opu rk;k gqvk gSAA
uhfropu 30%5
lR; ds opu dk Kku ge =qfV dk fojks/k djrs gS---
eWF;q gsUjh
bl iqLrd esa eSa vPNs fo’k; ij 3 n`f’Vdks.kksa ds fo’k; esa crkmaxkA lcls igyh ckr
gSA ijes’oj ls gekjk lEcU/k nwljh ckr gS gekjk pfj= vkSj gekjk O;ogkj vkSj
rhljh ckr gS gekjh ;kstuk,a] uhfr;ka vkSj ;qfDr;k¡A ;g lkjh ckrsa ,d nwljs ds lkFk vR;ar
fudVrkls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA lcls igys gekjh cqfu;kn] nqljh ckr ;g fd dkSulh ckr gekjs
thou esa egRoiw.kZ gS tks gekjs thou dks tksMs+ j[krh gS] vkSj rhljh ckr gekjs thou dk
fuekZ.k djus ls lEcfU/kr gSaA igyh nks ckrsa lqn`+ gksa rks gekjk ifjJe cgqxqf.kr gksxk vkSj
yEcs le; rd fVdk jgsxkA ijarq ;fn muesa ls fdlh esa Hkh =qfV ikbZ tkrh gS rks gekjs
thou ds dk;Z vkSj ifjJe esa :dkoV vk;sxh os vR;ar {kf.kd gksaxsA
eqs esjs loZizFke ?kj ds fuekZ.k dk fuekZ.kdk;Z vkt Hkh ;kn gS] vkSj vkt Hkh ,slk izfrr
gksrk gS ekuksa og dy dh gh ?kVuk gksa ’kq:vkr ls ysdj var rd dh laiw.kZ izfØ;k usa eqs
vkSj esjh iRuh yht+k dks eqX/k fd;k vkSj vR;ar O;Lr ’kq:vkr gqbZ] ge fuekZ.k dk;Z dh
izxfr ns[kus ds fy;s izfrfnu ml LFky ij igqap tkrs FksA
uhao fuekZ.k dk dk;Z vf/kd :fpdj ugha FkkA bl dkj.k mldh ns[kjs[k esa geus vU;
fuekZ.k dk;Z ls de le; fcrk;k vkSj yxHkx mlh le; gekjs dqN fe= us muds izFke vkSj
vf/kd vPNs ?kj dk fuekZ.k fd;k tc ml ?kjesa jgus pyk x;kA dqN okksZa ckn muds ?kjksa esa
uhps ls ysdj Nr rd cM+h cM+h njkjas fn[kus yxhA ,d ’kke ge muds ?kjesa jk=h ds Hkkstu
3

ds fy;s x, gq, Fks rc geus njkj esa ls fn[krh gq, jks’kuh ns[khA geus iwNk ,slk D;ksa gqvk]
D;k xyrh gqbZ] rks viuh fp+ dk izn’kZu djrs gq, mUgksaus crk;k dh muds ?kj fd uhao
ds fuekZ.k esa =qfV FkhA Hkou ds fuekZ.k drkZus vius ykHk dks c+kus ds fy;s ,Slk fd;k FkkA
tc izfrdkj fd;k x;k rks og fLFkfr vkSj Hkh [kjkc gks xbZA ml leL;k dks lqykuk
mUgsa vR;ar egaxk iM+k mlesa dkQh le; yx x;kA muds ml vuqHko ls eSa uhao ds egRo
dks le ldkA ;|fi uhao dk fuekZ.k dk;Z laiw.kZ bekjr ds fuekZ.k dk;Z ls ns[kus esa de
:fpdj gksrk gS] ijarq ,d ,sls Hkou ds fuekZ.k dk;Z ds fy, tks fVdkÅ] etcwr vkSj yEcs
le; rd lqn`+ jgs mldh uhao dk dk;Z lcls egRowi.kZ gksrk gSA
tc gekjs ?kj dh uhao My xbZ mlds mij dk +kaps ds Hkkx vxyk dk;Z FkkA ;g fuekZ.k
dk;Z ns[kuk gekjs fy;s vR;kf/kd :fpdj Fkk blfy;s ge vkSj vf/kd ckj ogka tkus yxs vkSj
ogka vf/kd le; fcrkus yxs] ge ml fuekZ.kf/ku ?kj esa pgydneh dj ldrs FksA dejksa dks
muds Lo:i esa vkrs gq, ns[kuk gesa jksekafpr dj nsrk Fkk vkSj og ?kj fuekZ.k ds ckn dSlk
fn[ksxk bldk vf/kd okLrfod fp= ge ns[k ikrs FksA
fuekZ.k dk vafre iM+ko vR;kf/kd mRlkgo/kZd FkkA bl fuekZ.k dk;Z dks ns[kus esa geus
vU; fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dks ns[kus ls vf/kd le; fcrk;kA tc ,d ckj Hkou dh nhokjs [kM+h gks
xbZ ml Hkou ds lt+kus laokjusa vkSj vius jgus ds vuq:i cukus] dsfcusV@dckV cukus]
Q’kZ dksus ds Vscy] bR;kfn vkSj var esa ykbZV ¼izdk'k O;oLFkk½ ds dk;Z dh ns[kHkky esa ge
O;Lr gks x,A ;g gekjk izFke ?kj FkkA ftls ge tSlk pkgsa oSlk O;ofLFkr j[k ldrs Fks]
vkSj lkt lTtk dj ldrs FksA gesa jkst+ lqcg’kke fØlel tSlk vkuan izkIr gksrk FkkA
geus tks tks lkspk Fkk oSlk ge dj lds FksA
;gka ij bu ckrksa ds }kjk eSa ;g dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd ;fn esjs ?kj fuekZ.k ds dk;Z ds
igys nks pj.k uhao vkSj fnokjksa dks [kM+k djuk vPNs axls ugha gks ikrs rks ckfd ds dk;Z
vPNs ls] ;k tSlk eSa pkgrk Fkk oSls ugha gks ikrsA pkgs rqjar ;k tSls esjs fe= dks mlds ?kj
ds fuekZ.k esa cknesa =qfV fn[kh oSls gh cknesa eSa Hkh iNrkrkA
fcydqy mlh rjg bl iqLrd ds lans’k dk vafre n`fVdks.k@igyw tks fd gekjs thou
gekjh ;kstuk,a vkSj uhfr;ka ds fo’k; esa gekjs fy;s fopkj foe’kZ ds fy;s loksZÙke gksaxsA ge
gekjs O;ogkj] lsodkbZ ;k thou ds fo’k; esa tks fu.kZ; ysrs gS vafre pj.k ml fo’k; ls
lEcfU/kr gSA
bu {ks= esa ftu ftu ckrksa dk ge lkeuk djrs gSa] mlesa dkSulh ckr vPNh gS bldk
pquko gekjs lUeq[k miyC/k jgrk gS ijarq vDlj os vPNh ckrsa ftls ge pqurs gSA ijes’oj

41A
dh loksZÙke ckrsa ugha Hkh gks ldrh gSa ;fn ge mu vPNh fn[kusokyh ckrksa dk pquko djrs
gSa rks os gekjh ;ksX;rk vkSj lkeFkZ dks vR;kf/kd fupksM+ ysrh gSaA
tks yksx [kjh pky pyrs gSa] muls og dksbZ vPNh oLrq j[k u NksM+sxk ¼Hktulafgrk
84%11½ ;g ,d dHkh u cnyus okyh ’kk’or lPpkbZ gSA og rks vkidks loksZÙke nsuk pkgrk
gS] vkSj mldk loksZÙke HkO; gksrk gSA
ge bl ckr dh ppkZ FkksMh nsj cknesa djsaxs ijarq tSlk fd gekjk Bsdsnkj igys pj.kesa
vR;ar lko/kkuh iwoZd fuekZ.k dk;Z djrs gq, vkxs c+k bl iqLrd esa Hkh ge lcls igys uhao
Mkysaxs vkSj fQj +kaps dks rS;kj djrs gq, vkxs csaxsA
vPNs dh ifjHkkkk
vkbZ, ge ^^vPNs** ’kCn dks ns[ksalesa vPNs ds fy;s bczkuh kCn gS rksc ¼Tob½ ^^dEiyhV
oMZ LVMh fMD’kujh** ¼’kCndks’kesa½ tks ifjHkkkk@LiVrk nh xbZ gS og bl izdkj gSA [kq’k
gksuk] Lohdkj;ksX; gksuk] vPNk djuk] lgh] ^^?k U;w bUlkbDyksfifM;k vksQ ck;cy oMZ** gesa
bl kCn dh vkSj Hkh vf/kd xgjkbZ esa ys tkrk gSA
bldk ljy kCnkFkZ vkSj vR;ar foLr`r vFkksZaesa kCnkFkZ gS ^^vPNk** ftlesa lqanj] vkd’kZd
mi;ksxh] ykHknk;d] pkgus ;ksX;] vkSj uSfrd :ils lghA
vPNs dh ifjHkk’kk ds bu lkjs ’kCnksa dh /kkj.kk dks tksM+ dj ns[kk tk; rks ewY;kadu
djuk gSA vPNs dks lqfuf’pr djus ds fy;s gesa ckrksa dks rqyukRed n`f’Vdks.k ls ns[kuk
gksxkA mldh {kerk vkSj xq.kkRedrk dks vU; ckrksa ds lkFk lkFk dk;Z iz.kkyh vkSj vkSj
uhfr;ksa dks tkapuk gksxkA
ck;cy ds vuqlkj ijes’oj ds l`tu ds dk;Z dks ns[ksa] tgka ijes’oj us izfrfnu
vius }kjk fd, x, fuekZ.k dks ns[kk vkSj mUgsa vPNk ?kksf’kr fd;k] ijes’oj Hkh vius dk;Z
ewY;kadu djrk gSA ;g n`+ lR; gSa fd ijes’oj us euq’; dks vius gh Lo:i esa vkSj
viuh lekurkesa l`t+k vkSj ekuo dks mu ckrksa dk Hkkxhnkj cuk;k] blh ds dkj.k gekjs
vanj fdlh Hkh ckr dk ewY;kadu djus tkapus vkSj ij[kus dh {kerk ikbZ tkrh gS ijarq iki
us euq; esa fLFkr ;g vkns’kkRed ;ksX;rkvksa dks uk’k dj fn;kA bl dkj.k ls vc flQZ
ijes’oj ds ikl gh ewY;kadu djus ds ;ksX;rk gSA iwjkus fu;e ds ys[kd bl ckrls dk;y
Fks fd u flQZ ijes’oj gh Hkyh vkSj vPNh ckrksa dk nsusokyk gS ijarq ogh tkurk gS fd
gekjs fy;s okLro esa lqanj] euHkkouh vkSj vPNh ckrsa tks uSfrd :ils Hkh lgh gS dkSu lh
gS! flQZ blh dkj.k ls fd ijes’oj us vius cpuksa ds }kjk ^vPNs* ’kCn dh ifjHkkkk vkSj
ijes’oj dk fo’oO;kih ekinaM

ckrsa ge ij izxV dh gSA geesa ls tks okLro esa mlds gSa ;g fo’okl ds lkFk iqfV dj
ldrs gS fd dkSu lh ckr xq.koÙkk ;k fØ;k esa lqanj gSa ;k vPNh gS] ykHkdkjh gSA
dqath dk ’kCn gSa ^^mRifÙk** vkne vkSj gOokus ijes’oj dh vkKk vkSj ijke’kZ ls vyx
ckr dk ewY;kadu djuk pquk mUgksaus ,d vyx gh ekinaM dks Lohdkj djuk pqukA tks
ekinaM mudk Lo;a FkkA vkSj ;gh euq’; tkfr dk vius l`tudrkZ ds fo:) cyos dk ewy
dkj.k cu x;kA ;|fi blus dbZ vkdkj vkSj Lo:i cny fy;s gSaA ijarq ;g lc rd esa
blh ,d ek= iz;kstu dks n’kkZrs gSaA ,slk Hkh ekxZ gS] tks euq; dks lh/kk tku iM+rk gS] ijarq
mlds vUr esa e`R;q gh feyrh gSA ¼uhfropu 16%25½
igys v/;k; esa eSaus bUgh opuksa dk lanHkZ fn;k Fkk] ijarq ck;cy dk lanHkZ uhfropu
14%12 FkkA ;g dksbZ la;ksxo’k ugha gqvk Fkk fd ;g oDrO; nksgjk;k tk;A tc Hkh ifo=’kkL=
esa dksbZ Hkh oDrO; nksgjk;k tkrk gS] rc ml ckr ij tksj nsus ds fy;s nksgjk;k tkrk gSA
gesa ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd ijes’oj fd n`fV esa dqN ckrsa vU; ckrksa ls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gksrh
gSA ¼ns[ks eÙkh 23%23½ tc Hkh ge ifo=’kkL= esa fdlh oDrO; dks nksgjk;k gqvk ik,a rks gesa
ml ckr dks vkSj vf/kd egRo nsrs gq, ml ij /;ku nsuk pkfg,A ;gka ij ;g oDrO; ,d
xaHkhj psrkouh gSA
ijes’oj tkurk gS fd dSls ljyrkiwoZd vPNs vkSj cqjs ds e/; dh yfdj feV tkrh gSA
;fn ,slk vnu fd ml okfVdk esa gqvk Fkk rks orZeku esa ,slk gksuk fdruk ljy gSa og
gesa lko/kku djrs gq, vkSj psrkouh nsrs gq, crkrk gS fd gks ldrk gS fd dksbZ ckrsa gksxh]
ekxZ gksaxs] O;ogkj djus ds rjhds gksaxs] lkspus dh izfØ;k gksaxs] fo’okl ;k :f+;ka gksaxh]
jhfr fjokt+ gksaxs tks gekjs ewY;kadu ds n`fVdks.k ls gesa lgh izfrr gksrs gksaxs ijarq var esa
mldk ifj.kke gekjs thou ds fuekZ.k esa ¼Hkou esa½ os =qfV gh mRié djsaxs vkSj dfBu ifjJe
dk dkj.k cusaxk] gks ldrk gS fd bldk ifj.kke fn[kus esa dbZ fnu ;k efgus ;k lkyksa
Hkh yx tk,a vkSj ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd ijes’oj ds U;k; ds fnu rd Hkh og ifj.kke u
fn[ksA ikSyql dgrk gSa] **dqN euq’;ksa ds iki izxV gks tkrs gSa vkSj U;k; ds fy;s igys ls
igqap tkrs gSaA ij dqN ds fiNs ls vkrs gSaÞ ¼1 rheqfFk;ql 5%24½A eSa vkids fok; esa rks ugha
dg ldrk ijarq bl in dk vafre Hkkx eqs rks daidaik nsrk gS bldk ;g vFkZ ugha fd eSa
ijes’oj ls Mj dj mlls nwj pyk tkrk gwa] ijarq dgha eSa mlls nwj uk gks tkma ;g lksp
dj FkjkZ tkrk gwaA

43A
eqís dh ckr rks ;g gS fd D;k eSa fo’okl djrk gwa fd ijes’oj dh cqf) loksZÙke vkSj
fl) gS] vkSj ml ij fo’okl djrk gwa izR;sd O;fDrus vius ân; esa bl iz’u dk mÙkj
n`+rk ls fcBk ysuk pkfg,A ;g n`+ fo’okl vyx vyx ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj ckrksa ds fy;s
vyx vyx gks gh ugha ldrkA ;k rks ijes’oj dh cqf) lkjh ckrksa vkSj ifjfLFk;ksa esa fl)
ifjiw.kZ vkSj loksZJsB gS] ;k mlesa =qfV gS vkSj ge vius fu.kZ; Lora= jhfrls ysdj vf/kd
vPNs gS( ;k [kq’k gSa ;k ugha gSaA
rks gesa vPNs ds dkSuls ekinaM ij fo’okl djuk pkfg, dkSuls ekinaM gesa thou ds
ekxZ esa ys tkrs gSa ikSyql izsfjr gesa crkrk gSaA
^^lEiw.kZ ifo=’kkL= ijes’oj dh izsj.kkls jpk x;k gS] vkSj mins’k vkSj lekus vkSj lq/kkjus
vkSj /keZ dh f’k{kk ds fy;s ykHknk;d gSA ¼2 rheqfFk;ql 3%16½
vkbZ,] ge ikSyql ds bl oDrO; ds dqN ewy ?kVdksa ds fo’k; esa fopkj djsaA
/keZ’kkL= ds lkjs ds lkjs opu uk fd dqN opu Fkk ftlls ge lger gSaA vkSj uk gh
flQZ os opu tks gekjh lksp ;k fo’okl ds lkFk esy [kkrs gSa ijarq izR;sd opu] ,d ,d
opu] Lo;a ls bZekunkj cfu;s] D;k vkids n`fVdks.k ls ijes’oj dh cqf)eÙkk dks dqN dqN
{ks= esa rks lgh lers gSa ijarq vU; {ks= esa mls vizklafxd vkSj iqjkuk lers gSa
gOok tkurh Fkh fd ijes’oj l`tugkj gS] vkSj mldh HkO;rk dk vkuan mldh mifLFkfr
dh vn~Hkwrrk dks ysrh FkhA mls vfr lqanj ifjos’k] ’kkafr] ,d:irk] vPNkbZ] vkSj dbZ o`{kksa
ls LokfnV Qy Hkjiwjh ls fn;s x, FksA ijarq tc mlus eku fy;k dh ,d {ks= esa ijes’oj
dh cqf)eÙkk lgh ugha FkhA og e`R;q ds ekxZ esa vk xbZA ;fn ml okrkoj.k esa ftlesa dksbZ
deh ;k ?kVh ugha Fkh gOok cgd xbZ Fkh rks bl nwf’kr lalkj vkSj okrkoj.k ds e/; gekjh
lqj{kk ds fy;s D;k gS ifo=’kkL= ds opuksa ds vykok dqN Hkh ughaA
lEiw.kZ ifo=’kkL= lekus vkSj lq/kkjus ds fy;s ykHknk;d gS] dksbZ Hkh ckr ;k ifjfLFkfr
gks ldrh gS ftlus vPNkbZ dk tkek igu jD[kk gks ijarq fQj Hkh og iw.kZr% foijhr gksA
,slh Hkh /kkj.kk,a( dYiuk,a] fopkj] er] xq.k] y{k.k] fHké fHké rjg ds rdZ vkSj fopkj ds
rjhds gSa tks lgh vkSj vPNs rks izfrr gks ldrs gS ijarq ,slk ugha gksrkA bl Nqis gq, [rjs
ls cpus ds fy;s vkSj thou nk;d funsZ’kksa dks nsus ds fy, ijes’oj us gesa iqLrd iznku fd
gS ftlls vUtkusesa gh lR; ds ekxZ ls HkVd dj ge e`R;q ds ekxZ esa uk igqap tk,a vkSj og
iqLrd gS ^ck;cy*A

eSaus vkSj vkius Lo;a ls ;g loky djuk pkfg;s vkSj mu iz’uksa ds mÙkj Lo;a dks
bZekunkjh ls nsuk pkfg;s fd D;k ge fujarj] ck;cy i+rs gSa D;k eSa mldk v/;;u vkSj
euu djrk gwa D;k eSa esjs thou ds fy;s ijes’oj dh cqf)iw.kZ ckrkssa dks mlds opu esa ls
[kkst+us esa le; O;frr djrk gwa ;k fQj gOok ds ekfuan gh ;g /kkj.kk j[krk gwa fd esa opu
esa vfrdw’ky gwa tcfd eSa bl nqfkr lalkj ds nqfkr okrkoj.kesa thou O;frr djrs gq, vkSj
fHké fHké rjg ds ifj{k.kksa ds lkFk ;q}Lr jgrs gq, D;k eSa gOok ls vf/kd vPNs ls mudk
lkeuk djrs gq, ijes’oj ds ekxZ esa cuk gqvk gwa
laiw.kZ ifo=’kkL= ijes’oj dh izsj.kk ls jpk x;k gSaA bl opu esa ;k oDrO; esa vU;
dksbZ viokn ;k Nqih gqbZ /kkjk,a ugha gSa ;g ;k rks iw.kZrk vkSj fl)rk fy, gq, gS ;ka fQj
oSlk fcydqy Hkh ugha gS ;fn laiw.kZ ifo=’kkL= ijes’oj dh izsj.kk vkSj ekxZn’kZu esa ugha
fy[kk x;k rks gekjs ikl =qfViw.kZ iqLrd gSA
ifo=’kkL= dh lqfuf’prrk
vkbZ,] ge ck;cy ds dqN fooj.kksa ds fo’k; esa iqu%fopkj djsa blesa 66 iqLrdksa dk laxzg gS
tks fd fHké fHké Hkk’kkvks esa yxHkx 1500 o’kksZa esa 40 ys[kdksa }kjk tks 3 egk}hiksa esa jgrs Fks
¼vkfÝdk] ,f’k;k vkSj ;wjksi½ fy[kh xbZA
;g lkjs ys[kd vR;kf/kd fHké fHké i`BHkweh] O;olk;] ifjn`’; ls FksA os eNqvkjs] pjokgs]
;ks)k] jktk] ,d jktk dk I;kyk +ksus okyk] ,d oS|] ,d pqaxh vf/kdkjh] ,d rEcw cukusokyk]
vkSj vU; fHké fHké O;olk; okys Fks] dqN ys[kdksa us mudh iqLrdsa cafnx`g ls fy[kh tcfd
dqNus mls egyksa esa fy[kkA
tcfd bu ys[kdksa us dbZ fHké fHké eqíksa ij fy[kk gS fQj Hkh lkjh fHké fHké iwLrdksa dh
la;qDrrk,drk,d /kkjk gksuk vnHkwr] vlk/kkj.k vkSj vf}fr; gSA ijarq lqfuf’pr gh ,slk
fdlh la;ksxo’k ugha gks ldrkA mudk dsfUnz; fopkj vkSj fok; ,d gh Fkk vkSj ;g Fkk% iki
ds dkj.k euq’; dh nqnZ’kk ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i mudk muds l`tugkj ls vyxko] vkSj
ijes’oj ds lkFk iqu% lEcU/k LFkkfir djus esa mudh v;ksX;rk] vkSj blds fy;s ijes’ojh;
mÙkj elhg] izHkq ;h’kq elhg( ;g lkj ;k fo’k; mRifÙk ls ysdj izdkf’krokD; rd ,d nwljs
ds lkFk etcwrh ls cquk gqvk gSA
;g okLrfodrk fd dksbZ ,d gh O;fDr ;k ys[kdksa ds ,d gh xqVus ,d lkFk feydj
bl laiw.kZ iwLrd dks ugha fy[kk ;g vk’p;Ztud vkSj vn~Hkwr ckr gSaA ,slh dksbZ] desVh]
lHkk ;k laLFkku ;k izfrBku ugha Fkk tks fy[kus ds fy;s funsZ’k ns] ;k eqíksa LFkkfir djsaA

45A
D;ksafd ifo=’kkL= vR;kf/kd yEcs le; esa fy[kk x;k Fkk bl dkj.k yxHkx lkjs ys[kd
O;fDrxr :ils ,d nwljs dks ugha tkurs Fks] vkSj ukgh os ,d nqljs ds le; dky esa gq,
FksA ;g lkjh iqLrdsa yxHkx 1500 okksZa ds le; dky esa fy[kh xbZ Fkh mUgsa orZeku Lo:iesa
bdðk fd;k x;kA ¼FkksM+k lk :d dj lksfp, vktls iwoZ 1500 okZA½ brus vf/kd le; ds
ys[kksa dks bdðk djus esa fczVsu ds egkjktk dks fdruk vf/kd la?k’kZ djuk iM+k gksxkA
vc dbZ ihf+vksa ckn ;g lksp dj gh ge vpafHkr jg tkrs gSa fd ge ftl ck;cy dks
i+rs gSa mldk ,d iqLrd Lo:i ,d ,sls O;fDrus fn;k ftls ml laiw.kZrk dk lqLiV Kku
gh ugha Fkk bu lc O;fDrxr Hkwfedk dh bl rjg ls rqyuk dh tk ldrh gS ekuksa fHké fHké
fi+h vkSj laLÑrh ds ys[kd ,d dgkuh dh iqLrd ds fHké fHké v/;k;ksa dks fy[k jgsa gksaA
vkSj muesals fdlh ds Hkh ikl ml iqLrd fd :ijs[kk] ;k dgkuh dk +kapk ugha FkkA vn~Hkwr
ckr bl ckr dks iwjh rjg ls mHkkjrh gSa fd ;g iqLrds ijes’ojh; izsj.kk ls gh fy[kh xbZA
tSlk fd laxhr esa fHké fHké ok/;ksa vkSj xk;dksa ds o`an dh ,d:irk ls e/kwj /ouh mRié
gksrh gS tks ijes’oj ds bl laxhr o`an dh e/kqj ,dkRerk dks izxV djrs gSaA
bu ckrksa dk Kku gh ijes’ofj; izsj.kkls fy[ks tkus dk HkkofoHkksj djusokyk izek.k gSa
ijarq vkbZ,] ge ,d dne vkxs c+dj bu fHké fHké ys[kdksa }kjk fy[ks tkus dh ifj’kq)rk
ds fok; esa ppkZ djsaaxsA
iwjkus fok;esa elhgk ds vkus ds fo’k; esa lsadM+ksa o’kksZa iwoZ Hkfo;}kf.k;ka fy[kh xbZ]
vkSj dqN dqN volj esa rks elhg ds tUe ds gtkjksa o’kZ iwoZ ;g Hkfo;}kf.k;ka fy[kh xbZA
ck;cy ds yxHkx lHkh fo}ku bl ckr ls lger gSa fd iwjkus fu;eksa esa 300 ls Hkh vf/kd
,slh Hkfo;}kf.k;ka gSaA tc izHkq ;h’kq elhg bl lalkj esa vk x, rks mUgksaus ?kksk.kk esa vius
firk dks ?kksfkr djrs gq, dgk ^ns[k eSa vk x;k gw¡] ifo= ’kkL= esa esjs fok; esa fy[kk gqvk
gSa] rkfd gs ijes’oj rsjh bPNk iwjh d:¡!** ¼bczkfu;ksa 10%7½ vkSj mlus yksxksa dks ?kksk.kk djrs
gq, crk;k ^^ rqe ifo= ’kkL= esa wa+rs gks D;ksafd lers gksa fd mlesa vuUr thou rqEgsa
feyrk gSa( vkSj ;g ogh gS tks esjh xokgh nsrk gS! ¼;wgék 5%39½
;h’kq ds }kjk bu lkjh Hkfo’;}kf.k;ksa dks iwjk djuk bl iqLrd dk ijes’ojh; izsj.kk
ls fy[kk gksus dk HkkofoHkksj dj nsusokyk vuqHko gSaA bl fudkZ dk ,d lkekU; fo[kaMu
;g gSa fd vki vU; ,sfrgkfld yksx Hkh ik;saxs tks elhg ds fok; esa dh xbZ dqN dqN
Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa esa vuq:i cSBsaxs ;g lR; gSa( dqN izek.k ,d] nks ;k blls vf/kd Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa
esa vuq:i csB ldrs gS ijarq lkjh dh lkjh Hkfo;}kf.k;ka fdlh ,d O;fDr esa iwjh gks ;g
rks iw.kZr% vlaHko ckr gSaA

bl ckr dks eSa foLrkj ls lekuk pkgwaxkA blds ckn ds dqN i`B vius Lo:i esa
rduhdh vkSj foKku vk/kkfjr ckrksa dks izxV djsaxsA ijarq vkidks fo’okl fnykrk gwa fd ;g
tkudkfj;ka vfregRoiw.kZ gSa vkSj bl ij euu djusokyksa dks vkuan iznku djsaxhA
ifo=’kkL= ds opuksa dh lfVdrk
1900 dh ’krkCnh ds e/;esa ,d izksQslj us ¼izk/;kid½ ftudk uke ihVj LVksuj Fkk] ,d
iqLrd izdkf’kr dh ftldk ’kh’kZd Fkk] lk;Ul LihDl ¼foKku cksyrk gS½A bl iqLrd esa
mUgksaus foKku dh laHkkoukvksa ds vk/kkj ij elhg ds fok; esa dh xbZ Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa dh ppkZ
dhA mudh mu [kkst+ksa vksj ppkZ ds fok; esa ,p gsjksYM gkV~Zysj ¼Ph.d.½ us lk;Ul LihDl
dh izLrkouk esa ;g fy[kkA
^^lk;Ul LihDl** ds gLrfy[khr nLrkostksa dks vesfjdu lk;Ul dh ,¶yh,’ku ¼LohÑrh
’kk[kk½ ds lnL;ksa vkSj mlh xqV dh dk;Zikyd ifj’kn ds lnL;ksa us lko/kkuhiwoZd vkSj
leh{kkRed :i ls tkapk vkSj dgk fd ^lkekU; :i ls bl ys[k dks vPNs ls tkapus ds ckn
;g ik;k x;k dh ys[k lkekU; :ils foKku dh vis{kk vuqlkj Hkjkslk djus yk;d vkSj
lfVd gSaA xf.kr rFkkrRo ds fo’ys’k.k laHkkoukvksa ds fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij gS vkSj vR;ar
lfVd gS vkSj izksQslj LVksuj us bu fl)karksa dks ;ksX; vkSj fo’oluh; :i ls ykxw fd;s gSaA
izksQslj LVksuj us bl fu.kZ;kRed :i esa v/;;u Lo;a vdsys ugha fd;k Fkk ijarq muds
lkFk 600 ls Hkh vf/kd fo|kFkhZ tks 12 vyx vyx d{kk ds Fks muds lkF ehydj ;g
v/;;u fd;k FkkA mUgksaus mu fo|kFkhZvksa ds v/;;u vkSj ’kks/k dks lko/kkuh iwoZd tkapk]
ij[kk vkSj laikfnr djrs gq, mu v/;;u ls izkIr lkexzh vkSj rR;ksa dks vf/kd lfVd
cuk;kA ;g izkjafHkd tkapij[k ;h’kq ds fok; esa fuEufy[khr vkB eqíksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj
gqbZ FkhA
1½ elhg dks cSryge esa tUe ysuk FkkA ehdk }kjk ehdk 5%2 esa Hkfo;}k.kh dh xbZ
tks eÙkh 2%17] ;wgék 7%42] ywdk 2%47 esa iwjh gqbZA
2½ elhg ds tUe ds iwoZ ,d lans’kokgd Hkstk tk,axkA ¼;’kk;kg 40%3 esa vkSj eykdh
3%1 esa Hkfo;}k.kh gqbZ Fkh vkSj eÙkh 3%13] 11%10] ;wgék 1%23] ywdk 1%1317½
esa ;g Hkfo;}k.kh iwjh gqbZA
3½ elhg ;:’kyse esa ,d x/ks ds cPps ij cSBdj izos’k djsaxkA td;kZg 9%9 esa
Hkfo;}k.kh dh xbZ tks ywdk 19%2837( eÙkh 21%111 esa ;g Hkfo;}k.kh iwjh gqbZA

47A
4½ elhg dks mlhdk ,d fe= /kks[ks ls idM+ok;sxkA ¼Hktu 41%9 vkSj 55%1214
esa Hkfo;}k.kh dh xbZ tks eÙkh 10%4] 26%4750] ;wgék 13%2127] esa iwjh gqbZ½
5½ elhg dks pkanh dh 30 flDdksa esa cspk tk;sxkA mls ijes’oj ds ?kj esa Qsad
tk,axk ftlls dqaHkkj dk [ksr [kjhnk tk;sxkA ¼td;kZg 11%13 esa Hkfo;}k.kh gqbZ
vkSj eÙkh 27%57 esa iwjh gqbZA½
6½ ftl pkanh ds flDdksa esa elhg dks cspk tk;sxk mls ijes’oj ds ?kj esa Qsadk
tk,axk ftlls dqaHkkj dk [ksr [kjhnk tk;sxkA ¼td;kZg 11%13 esa Hkfo;}k.kh
gqbZ vkSj eÙkh 27%57 esa iwjh gqbZ½
7½ elhg mlds mij nks’k yxkus okyksa ds lkeus ’kkar jgsxk ¼;’kk;kg 53%7 esa
Hkfo;}k.kh gqbZ tks eÙkh 27%12( ejdql 14%6061( 15%35 esa iwjh gqbZ½
8½ elhg ij nks’k yxkdj mls pksjksa ds lkFk Øwl ij Vkaxk tk,xk ¼Hktu lafgrk
22%16( td;kZg 12%10 vkSj ;’kk;kg 53%5]12 esa Hkfo;}k.kh dh xbZ tks eÙkh
27%38] ejdql 15%2427 esa iwjh gqbZ½
ge vkxs c+s mlds igys foKku dh laHkkouk dh rjQ /;ku [khapus ds fy;s eSa ,d
n`Vkar nsuk pkgwaxkA lksfp;s fd ge 9 ihyh xsanks dks vkSj ,d lQsn xsan dks] ysrs gS vkSj
mUgsa cM+h lh ckYVhesa Mkydj mls [kwc fgyk nsrs gSaA ftlls os vPNs ls fey tk,aA rc ,d
O;fDr dh vka[kks ij iÍh cka/kdj ml ckYVhesa ls lQsn xsan fudkyus dks dgrs gsa rks lQsn
xsan dks ikus dh 10 esa ls ,d gh la;ksx gksxkA mijksDr bUgha fopkjksa ds vk/kkj ij izksQslj
LVksuj us mijksDr vkB Hkfo;}kf.kvksa ds fok; esa fuEufyf[kr oDrO; fn;k%
dksbZ O;fDr tks orZeku le; esa gks vkSj mijksDr lkjh Hkfo;}kf.kvksa dks mUgha ds vuqlkj
iwjh djs mldh laHkouk 100]000]000]000]000]000 esa ls ,d gh gSaA
;g vkadMs pdjk nsus okys gSa ijarq tc rd fd vki oSKkfud ;k x.khrK ugha gSa
bls leuk FkksM+k eqf’dy gSaA LVksuj us ,d cqf)eÙkk mnkgj.k fn;k ftls eSa lfoLrkj
lekmaxkA ;fn gekjs ikl 100]000]000]000]000]000 pkanh ds lhDds gksa rks mUgsa latksa ds
j[kuk gh vR;kf/kd dBhu gksxkA mUgsa dgka j[ksa laiw.kZ lalkj esa ,slk ,d Hkh xksnke bruk
cM+k ugha gSa ftl esa brus lkjs pkanh ds lhDds ,d lkFk j[ksa tk ldsaA ;g lkjs pkanh ds
flDds ;fn ,d lkFk s+j djds jD[ksa tk,a rks vesfjdk ds VsDdkl jkT; ds laiw.kZ {ks= esa nks
fQV mapk igkM+ cu tk,xk ;g rks vR;kf/kd flDds gSaA

ekuyks fd ge brus flDds bdÎs djusa esa lQy gks x, gSa] rks vc vkbZ;s muesa ls ,d
flDdks dks fpUghr djsa vkSj rc mu lkjs flDdksa dks fgyk Mqyk ds vPNs ls ehyk ysa vkSj
rc mUgsa laiw.kZ VsDlkl jkT; esa fQj ls fcNk nsa vkSj rc ,slh O;oLFkk djsa dh ,d O;fDr
dh vka[kksa ij iÍh cka/k dj ,d gsyh dkWIVj esa fcBk dj mls laiw.kZ jkT; ds mij mMk,a
vkSj og vka[kksa ij iÍh yxk gqvk O;fDr ml ,d flDds dks wa+s vksj tc mls fn[ks rks og
pkyd dks gsyh dkWIVj uhps mrkjus dh vkKk nsaA ml O;fDr ds }kjk ml flDds dks qa
fudkyus dh tks laHkouk gS ogh laHkouk Hkfo;}Drkvksa ds le; ls ysdj vkt rd mu 8
Hkfo;}kf.kvksa dk ,d gh O;Drh esa iwjs gksus dh laHkkouk curh gSA
izks- LVksuj us fy[kk gS%
bldk vFkZ gS fd bu vkB Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa dk iwjk gksu gh ;g fl) djrk gS fd ijes’ojus
gh mu Hkfo;}Drkvksa dks bu Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa djus dh izsj.kk nh ftlds fdlh Hkh rjg ls
xyr gksus dh laHkkouk 100]000]000]000]000]000] esa ls flQZ 1 gh dgk tk ldrk gSA
;g foy{k.k ckr pdjk nsus okyh gS ijarq izks- LVksuj bUgh 8 Hkfo;}kf.kvksa ds fok; esa
crkdj :d ugha tkrs og iqjkus fu;e dh 8 vkSj ¼dqy 16½ Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa dks crkrs gSa tks
;h’kq elhg esa iwjh gqbZ( os dgrs gSa(
;g lkjh 16 Hkfo’;}k.kh fdlh Hkh ,d O;fDr esa iwjh gks bldh laHkkouk 1015 esa flQZ 1
gh gSA
;g vkadMk dSlk gksxk 1 ds ihNs 45 ’kwU; dk gksukA
1]000]000]000]000]000]000]000]000]000]000]000]000]000]000]000
LVksuj bl laHkouk dks crkrs gS vkSj eSa fQjls ,d ckj bls n`Vkar dks vfr foLr`r :I
ls lekus dk iz;Ru djrk gwaA
;fn ge brus lkjs flDdksa dks tek dj ysa rks laiw.kZ i`Foh Hkh bUgsa j[kus ds fy;s NksVh
iMs+xhA gesa mu flDdksa dk ,d xksyk cukuk gksxk vkSj bl ckWys dk O;kl i`Foh ls lw;Z rd
dh yackbZ ls 60 xquk vf/kd gksxk tksfd 5%5 chfy;u ¼1 chfy;u ¾ nl [kjc½ ehy dh nwjh!
eqs bl yEckbZ dks vkSj vf/kd ljyrk ls lekus fnth, fd ;g vkdkj fdruk vf/
kd cM+k gksxk eSa ijes’oj ds opu dk izpkj djus vkSj f’k{kk nsus laiw.kZ lalkj esa fujarj
tkrs jgrk gawA vc ge i`Foh ds ,d dksus ls ysdj nwljs dksus rd fcuk :ds vk’p;Ztud
:ils flQZ 24 ?kaVksa esa igawp ldrs gSaA izsfjrksa dks gekjs orZeku fnu cgqr vPNs yxs gksrsA

49A
;fn geus ftl xksys dks cuk;k mlds pkjksa rjQ tsV Iysu ls pDdj yxkuk pkgrs rks Hkh
,slk ugha dj ikrs D;ksafd vc rd dh ’krkfCn;ksa esa dksbZ Hkh ,slk O;fDr ugha ik;k x;k gS
ftldk bruk yEck thou gksA gekjs bl pkanh ds xksys ds pkjks rjQ tsV Iysu ls fcuk
:ds ,d pDdj yxkus esa gesa 400 o’kZ yx tkrsA ;fn ge ml fnu viuh ;k=k ’kq: djrs
tc IysekmFkesa ls eslsP;qlsV~l esa mrjk Fkk lu 1620 esa rks Hkh ge vius bl pkanh ds xksys
ds vktw cktw dh ;k=k vc rd iwjh ugha dj ik, gksrsA
bl ckr dks lers gq, gesa /;ku j[kuk gS fd ;g igys fn;s x, mnkgj.k ds leku
ugha gS fd laiw.kZ VsDlkl jkT; ds mij 2 fQV mapkbZ rd flDdksa dks fcNk nsuk ijarq ;g
rks ,d xksyk gaS ftls ml pkanh ds flDdksa ls cuk;k x;k gSaA vc lksfp;s fd vius fdlh
O;fDr dh vka[kks ij iêh cka/k nh gS vkSj flQZ ,d flDdk fpUghr djds mlesa vPNs ls dgha
Nqik fn;k gS vkSj ml vka[k ij ca/kh iêh okys O;fDrdksa ml ,d ek= flDds dks ml pkanh
ds brus fo’kky xksys esa ls qa+uk gS vki dh lksp ;k laHkkoukvksa ls vki D;k le ikrs gSaA
D;k og O;fDr ml ,d flDdsa dks wa fudky ldsxk vc ’kk;n vki vPNs ls le pqds
gksaxs fd izHkq ;h’kq elhg ds fo’k; esa fy[kh ;g 16 Hkfo;}kf.k;ka tks mlds tUe ds dbZ lks
okksZa iwoZ fy[kh xbZ FkhA fdlh ,d gh O;fDr esa iwjk gksus dh laHkkouk fdruh gSA
ijarq ;g ckr ;gha ij [k+re ugha gks tkrhA ijarq bl esa dqN vkSj Hkh vf/kd gS LVksuj
flQZ 16 Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa ij gh :ds ugha ijarq 48 vkSj Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa dh ’kk[kkvksa dks n’kkZrs gSA
;g rks ekufo; lksp vkSj lels ijs gS ijarq geus tks fy[kk gS mldks lekus dk
iz;Ru eSa djrk gqaA bl ckr dks leuk tksafd lkjs euq;ksa dh le ls ijs gSA vkbZ, ge
48 Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa dks ns[ksA tSlk geus lek Fkk mlh vk/kkj ij ge lesaxsA geus ftl
laHkoukvksa ds fok; esa blds igys lkspklek gS mlds vuqlkj 48 Hkfo;}kf.k;ka fdlh
,d O;fDrds }kjk iwjh djus dh laHkkouk 10157
esa ,d ckj gh gks ldrh gSA
;g og la[;k curh gS ftlesa 1 ds ihNs 157 ckj ’kwU; yxkuk gksxkA ml uacj dks
fy[kuk txg dks ?ksjuk gSA izks- LVksuj fQj ls gekjh lgk;rk djrs gq, n`Vkar esa lekrs
gS fd ge la[;k dh xgjkbZ dks le ldsaA bl ckj pkanh ds flDds bl la[;k ds fy;s
vR;kf/kd cM+s gksaxsA gesa fdlh NksVs ls inkFkZ dks pquuk gksxkA
bysDVªksu ,d vR;ar NksVk inkFkZ gS ftls ge tkurs gSA ;g bruk NksVk inkFkZ gS fd
;fn mls ge ,d bUp dh yackbZ esa ,d ds ckn ,d jD[ksa rks mUgsa fxuusesa gesa 1 djksM+
uCcs yk[k okksZa dk le; yxsxk vFkkZr~ ;g rks vR;ar NksVk inkFkZ gSA ;g u Hkwys fd ;g rks
ek= ,d ykbZu vkSj flQZ 1 gh bUp dh yackbZ ds fok; esa gSaA eSa vkidksa 1 pkSdksu bUp dh

yEckbZ esa ;g fdrus vk ldsaxs ;g fxuus ds fy;s vkidks mRlkgh djrs gq, vkidk le;
[kjkc ugha djuk pkgrkA
ljyrkiwoZd vki lesa blfy;s crkuk pkgrk gwa fd og ,d ,sls xksys ftruk cMk gksxk
ftls ekuo vafrZ{k esa gh uki ldrk gSA ;g 13nl [kjc izdk’k okZ nwj gksaxkA ¼izdk’k okZ
mls dgrs gS tc izdk’k 1 o’kZ esa 1]86]282 ehy izfr lsdaM] izfr ?kaVs ugha½ fglkcls ;k=k
djrk gSaA ;fn gekjs ikl ?ksjs dk xksyk ftldk ?ksjk 13 nl [kjc izdk’k o’kZ dh nwjh dk
gksxk rc Hkh mlesa 10157
bysDVªksu ugha gksaxsA ge rks] mlls Hkh dgha vf/kd nwjh ij gksaxsA
rc fdlh O;fDr dh vka[k ij iêh cka/kdj muesa ls flQZ fpUghr bysDVªksu dks qauk vkSj
ikus dh laHkouk Hkh ,slh gh gS tSls bu 48 Hkfo;}k.kh tks iwjkus fu;e ds fHké fHké ys[kdksa
us elhg ds fo’k;esa fy[kh mUgsa fdlh ,d O;fDr esa wa ikukA
D;k vki pkgrs gSa fd blh rjg ls elhg ds fok; esa fd xbZ 300 ls vf/kd Hkfo;}
kf.kvksa ds fok; esa lekma ’kk;n vki lksp jgs gks fd esgsjckuh ls ,slk uk djsaA
eSa fo’okl djrk gwa fd vki ,slk gh lksp jgs gksaxs D;ksafd bl rjg dh la[;k vkSj
ckrksa dks cqf)eku ls cqf)eku vkSj vR;kf/kd izfrHkkoku O;fDr Hkh leus esa vleFkZ gksxkA
blfy;s vkb;s] ge bl ckr dk lkjka’k fudkysaA gekjs ikl elhg ds fok; esa 300
Hkfo;}kf.k;ka gS ftUgsa fHké fHké yksxksa us fHké fHké Hkkkk esa fy[kk tks fHké fHké yksxksa ns’k
ls Fks tks fd lsadM+ksa okksZa ds le;dky esa flQZ ,d O;fDr ds fok; esa fy[kh xbZA vkSj ,d
gh O;fDr esa iwjh Hkh gqbZ vc dksbZ O;fDr dSls bl ckr ls bUdkj dj ldrk fd bu lc
ys[k@Hkfo;}kf.k;ksa ds ys[kd ijes’oj gh gS D;k mlds gksBksa ls fudys gq, ’kCnksa dk vkSj
Hkh vf/kd egku vFkZ ugha gks ldrkA
ijes’oj dk ,d ,d opu rk;k gqvk gSA ¼uhfropu 30%5½
ogh gS tks ?kksk.kk djrk gS fd Þ---D;ksafd eSa vius opu dks iwjk djus ds fy;s tkx`r gw¡Þ
¼f;eZ;kg 1%12½A bl dkj.k ls Þftruh HkykbZ dh ckrsa mlus vius nkl ewlk ds }kjk dgh
Fkha] muesa ls ,d Hkh fcuk iwjh gq, ugha jghÞ ¼1 jktkvksa 8%56½A
ijes’oj ds opu ml lq;Z ls Hkh vf/kd fo’okl ;ksX; gSa tks izfr fnu Hkksj dks mxrk
gSaA bl ckr dks ;h’kq us lR;kiu djrs gq, dgk] Þvkdk’k vkSj i`Foh Vy tk,axs] ijUrq esjh
ckrsa dHkh u VysaxhÞ ¼eÙkh 24%35½A
gekjs l`tugkjus vius gkFkksa dh Nki dks gekjs fy;s j[k NksM+k gS fd ge tkusa fd
ijes’oj gS vkSj mldh bPNk ifo= ’kkL= esa izxV dh xbZ gSA

51A
lko/kkuhiwoZd /;ku nsa
ge ikSyql izsfjr ds 2 rheqfFk;ql 3%16 ’kCnksa dks fQjls nksgjkrs gq, dgrs gSa ÞlEiw.kZ ifo=
’kkL= ijes’oj dh izsj.kk ls jpk x;k gS] vkSj mins’k] vkSj lekus] vkSj lq/kkjus vkSj /keZ
dh f’k{kk ds fy;s ykHknk;d gSAÞ ;g dksbZ myuiw.kZ fopkj ugha gS( okLro esa ;g vR;ar
ljy gS] ifo=‘’kkL= ijes’oj dk opu gS vkSj D;k bPNk gS bldk ewY;kadu djus ds fy;s
bl ij laiw.kZ fo’o ds ekinaM ds vuqlkj ;k mlls Hkh c+dj fo’okl fd;k tk ldrk gS]
vkSj blh ds vk/kkj ij okLro esa D;k vPNk gS mls lek tk ldrk gSaA ;fn vki Lo;adks
;k fdlh fe= dks ;k fdlh foks’kK ;k lekt dh cqf)eÙkk ijes’oj dh cqf)ekuh ls vf/kd
cqf)eku vkSj ykHknk;d gS] lers gS rks egsjckuh ls bl fok; ij fopkj djsa gekjk ifo=
’kkL= ?kksk.kk djrk gSa%
ijes’oj us LoxZ ij ls euq;ksa ds mij n`fV dh rkfd ns[ksa fd dksbZ cqf) ls pyusokyk
;k ijes’oj dks iwNusokyk gS fd ughaA os lc ds lc gV x,( dksbZ lqdehZ ugha] ,d Hkh
ughaA** ¼Hktulafgrk 53%2]3½
tSlk fd geus bl v/;k; esa ppkZ dh ijes’oj us ifo= opu ds fok; esa ,sls ,sls izek.k
fn;s gSa ftls ge udkj ugh ldrsA Hktu dk ys[kd crkrk gS fd dSls esjh cqf) ijes’oj
ds fopkjksa ls foijhr gSA ;|fi os vPNh izfrr gksrh gSa okLro esa og gekjs HkykbZ ds fy;s
nqfkr vkSj gkfudkjd gSaA
vkbZ,] ge vius vktwcktw ds lalkj dks tkapsij[ksaA ikSyql rheqfFk;ql dks lekrs gq,
crkrk gS%
ij rw mu ckrksa ij tks rwus lh[kha gS vkSj fo’okl fd;k gS] ;g tkudj n`+ cuk jgk fd
rw us mUgsa fdu yksxksa ls lh[kk gSA vkSj cpiu ls ifo=‘’kkL= rsjk tkuk gqvk gS] tks rqs
elhg ij fo’okl djus ls m)kj izkIr djus ds fy;s cqf)eku cuk ldrk gSA lEiw.kZ ifo=
’kkL= ijes’oj dh izsj.kk ls jpk x;k gS( vkSj mins’k vkSj lekus vkSj lq/kkjus vkSj /keZ
dh f’k{kk ds fy;s ykHknk;d gS( rkfd ijes’oj dk tufl)h cus] vkSj gj ,d Hkys dke
ds fy;s rRij gks tk,A ¼2 rheqfFkiql 3%1417½
gesa tks lh[kk;k x;k gS mu ckrksa esa gesa fo’oklh cus jgs jguk gS] ikSyql euq; ds er]
euks foKku] lekt’kkL= ;k vU; fdlh Hkh cqf)eÙkk dh ckrksa ds fok; esa ugha dg jgk gS
tks fo’o ds rjhds ds vuqlkj fuekZ.k dh xbZ gks og rks ifo= ’kkL= dks lanHkZ djrs gq, dg

jgk gs fd ifo= ’kkL= dh mu f’k{kkvksa esa fo’oklh cuk jgkA og mlds egRo ij tksj nsrs
gq, dgrk gS fd og mu ckrksa dks vius ân; esa lcls izFke vkSj lcls egRo dk LFkku nsA
,d dkYifud n`’; dh dYiuk fdth, vki ,d ,sls {ks= ls ;k=k dj jgsa gSaA tgka
vR;kf/kd ysUMekbu ¼foLQksV inkFkZ½ fcNh gqbZ gS uk flQZ ;gka foLQksV inkFkZ Nqis gq, gSa
ijarq ogka pksjckyw ds LFkku Hkh gS] vkSj [krjukd Qans Hkh yxs gq, gSa] t+gjhys isM+ Hkh vkSj
Hk;adj xM+s Hkh gSA
blds igys fd vki ml {ks= ls gksdj ;k=k djsa vkidks ,d uD’kk fn;k tkrk gSftlesa
izR;sd ysUM~ekbZu vkSj [krjukd xïsa dgka dgka gS ;g crk;k x;k gS] vkSj Qans vkSj pksj
ckyw ls vkSj tgjhys isM+ ikS/kksa ls dSls cpsa ;g n’kkZ;k x;k gS] vki bl uD’ks dk mi;ksx
fdl rjg ls djsaxs D;k vki vius da/ks ij yVds FkSysesa ftlesa ikuh vkSj Hkkstu gSa mlesa
eksM+dj j[k nsaxs vkSj pqukSrhiw.kZ ml ;k=k ds fy;s mldks i+us ds LFkku ij vuns[kk dj
nsaxs D;k vki mlh le; i+saxs tc foijhr ijhfLFkrh lkeus vk [kM+h gksxh D;k vki mls
vukSipkfjd :i ls ;k ljljh rkSj ls isa+xs vkSj fQj mls ;g lksprs gq, latksa ds j[k nsaxs
fd vkidksa rks lc dqN ;kn gks x;k gSa D;k buesa ls fdlh Hkh rjg dk O;ogkj vki djsaxs
;fn vki ,slk djsaxs rks ;k rks vki vR;ar ?kk;y voLFkk esa ml {ks= dks ikj djsaxs ;k fQj
e`R;q ds eq[k esa tk iM+saxsA
eqs dgus fnth;s fd ,d cqf)eku O;fDr ml uD’ks dks vR;ar xaHkhjrk ls ysrs gq, /;ku
iwoZd i+sxk] mldk xgu v/;;u djrs gq, mls ;kn j[kus dk iz;Ru djsxk mlesa nh xbZ
tkudkfj;ksa ij fparu euu djsaxk vkSj rc mls bl izdkj j[ksaxk fd tc Hkh vko’;drk gks
ljyrkiwoZd mls fudky ldsa] vkSj viuh ml ;k=k ds le; ckj ckj ns[ksxk vkSj cM+h gh
lko/kkuh ls vius ekxZ dks pqusxkA ;fn vkidks ,slh fdlh ifjfLFkrh dk lkeuk djuk iM+k
rks D;k vki Hkh ,slk gh ugha djsaxs
okLrfodrk rks ;g gSa fd ge lc ,sls gh ;k=k esa gSa vkSj gekjk uD’kk vkSj funsZ’k iqfLrdk
ck;cy gSA bl lPpkbZ dks eu dh xgjkbZ esa mrkjdj ijes’oj ds ijke’kksZdks ck;xy esa cM+s
/;ku ls i+s mldh vkokt+ dks lqusaA eSa ;gk ij dqN dqath ds in nsuk pkgqaxk mUgsaa flQZ
ljljh fuxkgksa ls u nsa[ks] ijarq lrdZrkiwoZd mlds ,d ,d ’kCnksa ij /;ku nsa mlesa mRlkg
c+kusokyh vkSj psrkouh nsusokyh nksuksa ckrsa ikbZ tkrh gS vkSj gesa psrkouh nsrs gq, ijke’kZ
fn;k x;k gS fd ge gekjh lalkj dh bl ;k=k esa tgka txg txg foLQksVd vkSj [krjk
gS ml ;k=k dks dSls lqxerk ls iwjh djsa tc vki bls is+] ^lko/kku* vkSj lko/kkuh iwoZd
^^pkSdlh j[kuk** leku ’kCnksa ij foks’k /;ku nsaA

53A
blfy;s rqe vius ijes’oj ;gksok dh vkKk ds vuqlkj djusa esa pkSdlh djuk( u rks nkfgus
eqM+uk vkSj u ck,¡A ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k 5%32½
flQZ dksbZ vkKk ugha ijarq ijes’oj dh lkjh vkKk ds vuqlkj gesa mldh izR;sd vkKk
esa cus jguk gS vkSj mlds }kjk fn;s x, izR;sd funsZ’kksa dh izR;sd ckrksa dk xgjkbZ ls /;ku
j[krs gq, vkSj mls ekurs gq, thou fcrkrk gSA og gelsa xgjkbZ ls izse djrk gS vkSj ugha
pkgrk fd ge viuh thou ;k=k esa xaHkhj :ils ?kk;y gksa] ;k ekjs tk,a] fQj og dgrk gSA**
gs blzk,y] lqu vkSj ,slk djus dh pkSdlh dj( blfy;s fd esjk Hkyk gks--- ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k
6%3½
tc ge nksuksa ckrksa dks djsaxs vFkkZr~ ^lqusaxs* vkSj ^vkKk ekuus dh pkSdlh djsaxs* rc
gekjs fy;s lcdqN Hkyk gh gksxkA ijes’oj Lo;a bl izfrKk dh xkjaVh@lqfuf’pr vk’oklu
nsrk gSA ge blh funsZ’k dks O;oLFkkfooj.k 8%112] 28] 32 vkSj 28%13 esa Hkh ikrs gSaA ;fn
ge bu ckrksa ij /;ku nsa vkSj mldk vuqlj.k djsa rks ge ik;saxs fd ijes’oj dh vkKk esa
cus jgus ds dkj.k] ge thou dk iwjk vkuan mBk ik jgs gSa] gekjk ifjJe O;FkZ ugha tk
jgk gSaA mldk izHkko dbZ xq.kk c+ x;k gS vkSj lekt+ esa ge gesa’kk Åij dh fLFkfr esa gSa]
dHkh Hkh uhps ;k ihNs ugha gSa D;k vki bl ckr ds egRo dks vPNs ls xzg.k dj ik jgs gSa
fd opu dks /;ku iwoZd i+us lquus vkSj mldh vkKk dk ikyu djrs gq, mlesa cus jguk
fdruk vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA
vki ’kk;n izfrdkj djrs gq, dgsaxs ^^ijarq tkWu] ;g vkns’k rks O;oLFkk ds varxZr fn;s
x, FksA ;g rks iwjkus fu;e dh vko’;drk,a FkhA ge rks vuqxzg dh ubZ okpk ds varxZr
gSaA D;k ;h’kq us gesa Fkdk nsusokys cU/kuksa ls Lora= ugha fd;k ;h’kq us gesa vo’; O;oLFkk
ls Lora= fd;k gS] ijarq ijes’oj ds opuksa dks /;ku iwoZd ekuus vkSj mlhesa cus jgus dh
psrkouhls Lora= ugha fd;k gSA og rks vkt Hkh okLrfod vkSj fu.kkZ;d gSA u, fu;e ds
funsZ’kksa dks lqfu;s%
tSlk fd ewlk us dgk] ijes’oj rqEgkjs HkkbZ;ksa esa ls rqEgkjs fy;s eq lk ,d Hkfo’;}Drk
mBk,xk ¼;h’kq½] tks dqN og rqe ls dgs mldh lquukA ¼izsfjrksa 3%22½
fQjls ,d ckj gesa funsZ’k fn;k x;k gS fd ge mldh lkjh ckrsa /;ku iwoZd lqus] uk fd
vf/kdka’k ckrsa tks ;h’kq gesa dgrk gSA izsfjr ;kdwc dh ckr ij /;ku nsaA

^^ij tks O;fDr Lora=rk dh fl) O;oLFkk ij /;ku djrk jgrk gS] og vius dke esa
blfy;s vk’khk ik,xk fd lqudj Hkwyrk ugha ij oSlk gh dke djrk gS**A ¼;kdwc 1%25½
blds lkFk gh lkFk gesa funsZ’k fn;k x;k gS fd
^^vkSj ifo= vkRek ds }kjk tks ge esa gqvk gS] bl vPNh ?ksjkgj dh j[kokyh djA** ¼2
rheqfFk;ql 1%14½
bl dkj.k pkfg, fd ge mu ckrksa ij tks geus lquh gS] ml ij vkSj Hkh eu yxk,¡ ,slk
u gks fd cgddj mu ls nwj pys tk,¡A ¼bczkfu;ksa 2%1½
thou esa cgd tkuk lk/kkj.k :I ls tkucqdj ugha ijrq ;g rks vUtkus esa gks tkrk
gSaA tc eSa yM+dk Fkk rc rkykc esa eNyh idM+us tk;k djrk FkkA ,d ckj viuh vf/kjrk
ds dkj.k eNyh idM+us dh ’kq:vkr djus ds igys eSa esjh uko dk yaxj Mkyuk Hkwy x;kA
vkSj eSa eNyh idM+us esa O;Lr gks x;kA vk/kk ?kaVs ckn ns[kk rks eqs fdukjk ugha fn[k iM+k
volko/kkuh ds dkj.k esjh uko cgdj fdukjs ls nwj vk xbZ FkhA
tc ge lPpkbZ ds fok; esa lko/kku jgrs gq, ml ij /;ku ugh nsrs rks ge mlls nwj
gks tkrs gSaA ,lk rc gksrk gS tc ge ifo=’kkL= dk lko/kkuh iwoZd v/;;u ugh djrs ml
ij /;ku ugh yxkrs vkSj mldh vkokt ugh lqurs] mldk fparueuu ugh djrs vkSj ml
esa nh xbZ vkKkvksa dks ugh ekurs ge ftu ckrks dks vius lkeus j[krs gq, ml ij /;ku
ugh nsrs lk/kkj.k rkSj ls os /kwfey gks tkrh gSa ;k ge mls ge Hkwy tkrs gS vkSj ,lk djus
ds }kjk ge cMh ljyrk ls ijes’oj ls nwj gks tkrs gSa vkSj ijes’oj dh ckrks ds LFkku ij
gekjs vktw cktw fLFkr yksxks ds izHkko vkSj lekt dh vkokt ge ij gkoh gks tkrh gS vkSj
rc ml izHkko ds varZxr tks gesa viuh let ds vuqlkj vPNk fn[krk gS mls gh lgh
ekudj viuk ysrs gSA
blls igys ds v/;k; esa geus egRoiw.kZ lR; dks LFkkfir fd;k % ijes’oj dh bPNk
ds ckgj gekjs fy;s dqN Hkh vPNk ugha gSA D;k vki bl ckr ls lger gSa fd ijes’oj
dh bPNk mlds opuifo=’kkL= esa izxV dh xbZ gSaA ;fn ,slk gS rks vc le; gS fd ge
viuh uhao cqfu;kn MkysaA

55A
4 cqfu;kn
--- /kehZ lnk yksa fLFkj gS
uhfropu 10%25
;fn vki lqlekpkj esa fo’okl djrs gSa vkSj ml lqlekpkj esa ls tks vkidks
vPNk yxrk gSa mls ysrs gSaA ijarq tks vPNk ugha yxrk mls udkj nsrs gSaA
rks og lqlekpkj ugha gSa ijarq Lo;a vkSj vkids fopkj gSaA
lar vxLrl vkWQ fgIiksa
vkbZ,] ge fQjls bl iqLrd ds rhu igywvksa ij /;ku nsa% igyk igyw gekjh uhao
ds fok; esa dgrk gS( nwljk gesa n’kkZrk gS fd gekjs thou dks D;k lesVs jgrk gS
vkSj rhljk gekjs thou:ih fcYMhax ¼?kj½ ds fok; esa ckrksa dks izLrqr djrk gSA ;g ppkZ
bu rhu igyw ds fok; esa bl iqLrd ds iqu%voyksdu ij izdk’k MkysaxhA
ijes’oj ds lkFk lgh lEcU/kksa ds fy;s uhao vR;kf/kd vko’;d igyw gSaA ;fn vki yEcs
le; ls fo’oklh gSa] rks esjk vR;kf/kd vkxzg ds lkFk lqko gS fd vc ge tks NksVk lk
fopkjfoe’kZ djus okys gSa mls NksM dj vkxs er c+ tkbZ;sxkA ,slk djus ls bl v/;;u
dh uhao dh ckrksa dks leus ds fy, vPNk ugha gksxkA ;g u flQZ uhao dh ckrksa dks leus
ds fy, vPNk gksxk ijarq vkidk vkids l`tugkj ds lkFk lEcU/kksa dks vf/kd izHkko’kkyh
cukus esa Hkh lgk;d gksxkA
gesa dgk x;k gSaA
tSlk fy[kk gSa] ^^dksbZ /kehZ ugha ,d] ,d Hkh ughaA dksbZ lenkj ugha--- lc HkVd x, gSaA
lc fudEes cu x, gSa( dksbZ HkykbZ djusokyk ugha] ,d Hkh ughaA ¼jksfe;ksa 3%1012½
4

dksbZ Hkh /kehZ ugha ,d Hkh ugha ¼vaxzsth ds ,u ,Vh vuqoknk ds vuqlkj % dksbZ Hkh vPNk
ugha ,d Hkh ugha½ ml ds vuq:i ,d Hkh euq; tks dHkh Fkk ;k dHkh gksxk ijes’oj ds
ewY;kadu ds vuqlkj vPNk ugha gSa tks fujarj vPNs dke djrk gSaA bldk dkj.k gS fd lkjs
ds lkjs euq; tUe ls gh nkl ¼xqyke½ Fksa( gka] vki xqyke gh tUesa Fks vkSj oSlk gh eSa Hkh]
vki iqNsaxs fd fdl ds ;k fdl ckr ds xqyke½ iki] ikSyql mUgsa i=h fy[krs gq, dgrk gS
tks Lora= gks x, Fks] Þrqe tks iki ds nkl Fksa---Þ ¼jksfe;ksa 6%17½
tc vkne vkSj gOokus ijes’oj dh vkKk dk mya?ku fd;k mlh iy os ej x,A ijes’oj
us mudksa ml isM+ dk Qy [kkus ds cgqr igys bl ckr dh psrkouh nh FkhA ;|fi mudh
’kkjhfjd e`R;q ds okksZa igys ;g e`R;q gqbZ FkhA
bl ckr ls ;g iz’u [kM+k gksrk gS fd rks fQj ftl fnu vkne vkSj gOokus Qy [kk;k
ml fnu mudh e`R;q gqbZ ,slk ge dSls dg ldrs gSaA e`R;q muds ewy LoHkko esa gqbZA mudh
vkRek dh os ijes’oj ls vyx gks xbZ vkSj vc mudk LokHkkfod xq.k/keZ ijes’oj ls foijhr
cu x;k Fkk vkSj muds tks Hkh oa’kt gq, os lkjs bl u, xq.k/keZ tks fd ijes’oj ls foijhr
;k mlh esa iSnk gq, vkSj oa’kkuqxr ih+hls ih+h rd vkSj orZeku esa Hkh ogh xq.k/keZ ¼ikiha
LoHkko½ laiw.kZ euq; tkfresa vkrk pyk x;kA mRifÙk 5%3 bl lPpkbZ dks lR;kfir djrk gSa
tc vkne ,d lkS rhl okZ dk gqvk rc mlds }kjk mldh lekurk esa mlh ds Lo:i ds
vuqlkj ,d iq= mRié gqvkA
euq;tkfr vc okLrfod vPNs dks tkuus vkSj vPNs esa Hkkxhnkj gksus ds fy;s v;ksX;
FkhA mudk van:uh uSfrd LoHkko lekSrs dh ifjf/k ¼?ksjs½ esa vk x;k FkkA ifj.kke Lo:i
flQZ ijes’oj dk izHkko gh bl i`Foh ij euq;tkfr dks vPNs ;k lgh ds rjQ ys tk ldrk
gS D;ksafd vc euq; ij iki dk lkezkT; ;k fcuk ijes’ofj; ekxn’kZu ds vPNs vkSj cqjs esa
ftl esa foÑrh vk pqdh FkhA vc ekuotkfr dk u;k izeq[k vkSj izHkq tks vukKkdkjhrk dk
jktk lkai’kSrku ftl ds clesa lc dqN FkkA
;g i`Foh ftl ijes’oj }kjk euq;tkfr dks nh xbZ Fkh vkSj ijes’oj us mls ml ij
vf/kdkjh Bgjk;k Fkk ijarq euq;tkrh us viuk vf/kdkj ’kSrku dks ns fn;k FkkA gtkjksa okksZa
ckn ’kSrku ;h’kq dks ,d Åaps igkM+ ij ys x;k vkSj lalkj dks fn[kkrs gq, cM+s fufHkZd jhfr
ls dgk ^^;fn rw eqs iz.kke djsa] rks ;g lc rsjk gks tk,xk ¼ywdk 4%6½A ’kSrku ,slk blfy;s
dg ldk Fkk D;ksafd vnu dh okfVdk esa os vf/kdkj mlus vkne ls ik fy;k FkkA
ijes’oj bl lalkj bZ’oj Lo:i esa NqM+kus ugha vk ldrk Fkk D;ksafd i`Foh ekuotkfr
dks nh xbZ Fkh vkSj ekuotkrh us ml vf/kdkj dks R;kx fn;k FkkA vc dksbZ ekuo gh ml

Good or god JOHN BEVERE in hindi

Good or god JOHN BEVERE in hindi

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Good or god JOHN BEVERE in hindi