The document discusses the history and development of Hollywood and its film industry. It describes how Hollywood started as a small community in 1870 and officially merged with Los Angeles in 1910. It then summarizes how major film studios like Paramount, RKO, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Bros established themselves in Hollywood during the Golden Age from the 1920s to 1940s and controlled the film industry. The document also lists and provides brief biographies of some of the most influential Hollywood film directors of all time, including Quentin Tarantino, Kathryn Bigelow, Francis Ford Coppola, Woody Allen, Martin Scorsese, Alfred Hitchcock, and Steven Spielberg.

1. MEDIA STUDIES

2. History of Hollywood
Hollywood was a small community in 1870 and
was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It
officially merged with the city of Los Angeles in
1910, and soon thereafter a prominent film
industry began to emerge, eventually becoming
the most dominant and recognized in the world.
The name "Hollywood" was coined by H. J.
Whitley, the "Father of Hollywood".

3. Studios flee to Hollywood
In the early 1900s, filmmakers began moving to
the Los Angeles area to get away from the strict rules
imposed by Thomas Edison's Motion Picture Patents
Company in New Jersey. Since most of the
moviemaking patents were owned by Edison,
independent filmmakers were often sued by Edison to
stop their productions.
To escape his control, and because of the ideal
weather conditions and varied terrain, moviemakers
began to arrive in Los Angeles to make their films. If
agents from Edison's company came out west to find
and stop these filmmakers, adequate notice allowed
for a quick escape to Mexico.

4. Golden Age of Hollywood
From the end of the silent film era, about
1927, to around 1948, the Hollywood movie
studio system controlled what films were
shown across the country. Five major
Hollywood-area studios owned large, grand
theaters where they would show only movies
produced by their studios and made with
their contracted actors. These studios were
Paramount, RKO, 20th Century Fox, Metro-
Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), and Warner Bros.

5. • Paramount

6. •RKO

7. • 20th Century Fox

8. • Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM)

9. Top 10 Best Hollywood
Film Directors of all
Time
 Quentin Jerome Tarantino is a well
known American director,
screenwriter, producer and actor.
He’s the man behind “Pulp Fiction”,
a movie that is loved by thousand
even today! His first movie,
“Reservoir Dogs” won him
accolades! He is the man behind
“Inglorious Basterds”. His thrillers
are famous for their witty and
satirical dialogues. His “Kill Bill”
series made UmaTherman very
popular. He has received many
awards, including the Academy
awards, Golden Globe award and
the prestigious Palme D’Or.

10. • Kathryn Bigelow is the
first woman to win the
Oscar in the best director
category. She won this
award for the movie, “The
Hurt Locker” in 2008. She
was married to fellow
director, James Cameron.
Kathryn is known for her
visuals and awesome action
sequences. She is a very
talented painter too. In the
year 2010, she was named
in the Time 100 list of ‘most
influential people of the
year’. Her recent movie is
“Zero Dark Thirty”, which
was released in 2012.

11. •Francis Ford Coppola is a famous American director. His origin is Italian. He is
best known for “The Godfather” trilogy, which is based on the novel of the same
name by Mario Puzo. In the 1960s, he emerged as one of the leading directors of
the 20th century. He first gained critical acclaim as a screenwriter and even won an
Academy Award for “Patton” in 1970. He is a legend, for directing some of the
greatest movies ever. His career had suffered a setback initially. But his
unwavering determination made him successful. “Apocalypse Now” marked the
end of the golden period in his career.

12. •Woody Allen is an American screenwriter, director, actor, comedian, author,
playwright, and musician whose career spans over half a century. If you
appreciate true cinematic beauty and simplicity, then you will love Woody Allen’s
movies. He is best known for his light hearted romantic comedies, which contain
a dash of slapstick. His movies portray the women as having strong characters.
Some of his most famous movies are, “Annie Hall”, “Midnight in Paris”,
“Manhattan” etc. He has the most number of Academy Award nominations as a
screenwriter. He has won four Oscars. In 2007, a Spanish university conferred him
with a PhD Honoris Causa.

13.  Martin Scorsese is known for his gritty,
meticulous filmmaking style and is
widely considered one of the most
important directors of all time. In 1973,
he directed “Mean Streets”, which was
his first film to be recognized as a
masterpiece. In the same movie, he
collaborated with Robert De Niro,
marking the beginning of one of the
most successful partnerships in
Hollywood.
He is regarded as one of the greatest directors of all time. He has made
some of the most daring films. In 2007, he founded the World Cinema
Foundation. He has accolades’ galore and has even won the AFI Lifetime
Achievement Award for his contribution to cinema

14.  Alfred Hitchcock went on to become
the most widely known and
influential director in the history of
world cinema with a significant body
of work produced over 50 years. His
first American film, “Rebecca”, won
an Academy Award for best picture.
Hitchcock created more than 50
films, including the classics “Rear
Window”, “The 39 Steps” , “The Man
Who Knew Too Much”
and “Psycho”. His movies show
eccentric characterization and
comedy. Nicknamed, the “Master of
Suspense,” Hitchcock received the
AFI’s Life Achievement Award in
1979. He died in 1980.

15.  Steven Spielberg is a celebrated American director. He is loved by his fans, the
world over. He is perhaps the world’s most popular filmmaker. He has made some
of the most successful movies ever. In a career of more than four decades,
Steven Spielberg’s films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg went
on to become the enormously successful and Academy Award-winning director of
such films as “Schindler’s List”,” The Color Purple”, “E.T.: The Extra-
Terrestrial “and “Saving Private Ryan”. He is one of the most influential film
personalities and has countless big grosser are accolades to his name. This list
would be incomplete without him and he is the numero uno!

16. Hira Alam AS-F