This is an independent report regarding Greenwood Management and its operations in Brazil. This report was prepared prior to the establishment of some of the company's forestry investment in Brazil.
Focusing on the establishment of eucalyptus farm forestry crops on land owned by Greenwood management in the state of Bahia, Brazil this report uses commercial forestry models projected expected growth and yields for the tree crops grown using site specific date including meteorological data, soil data, and current growth and yields being achieved in the region. Greenwood Management started the establishment of its first forestry investments in the region in 2009 with the acquisition of several key sites centered around its operating base in the region.
The company has since grown to become one of the larger forest operators in the region and currently manages around 5,000 hectares of forestry land in the region.
Greenwood Management will be expanding this area further over the coming years and is already in the planning stages of developing a further 3,000 hectares of barren land for the companies reforestation projects in the region.
(INDIRA) Call Girl Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Mumbai Escorts 24x7
Greenwood Management eucalyptus forestry in Brazil
1. Ind e pe nd e nt
asse ssm e nt or
f
Gre e nw ood M anage m e nt
Eucal us pl at
ypt
ant ion
grow t proj ct
h
e
ion
Sit s of aze nd a Sant
e
F
a M aria and
F
aze nd a T
ropical
V rsion 1 O ct e r 6,
e
ob
2.
3. A f w us e f t rm s
e
ule
M AI: M e an AnnualIncre m e nt t e m e an
, h
annualv um e grow t pe r s t
ol
h
and h e ct ,
are
m e as ure d in cubic m e t rs (pe r s t
e
and
h e ct )
are
P : P riodic Annual Incre m e nt pe riodic
AI
e
,
(annual ch ange on v um e pe r pl at
)
ol
ant ion
h e ct , m e as ure d in cubic m e t rs pe r
are
e
st
and h e ct
are
V
ob: V um e out ide bark , t at is v um e
ol
s
h
ol
w it
h
bark
(M AI V
ob
and P
AI V
ob
accordingl m e as ure d in cubic m e t rs pe r
y)
e
st
and h e ct
are
V
ib: V um e ins ide bark , t at is v um e
ol
h
ol
w it out t e bark (M AI V and P
h
h
ib
AI V
ib
accordingl m e as ure d in cubic m e t rs pe r
y)
e
st
and
h e ct .
are
Us e f
ul e s t at
im e
f
or
com m e rcial
and round w ood as s e s s m e nt
s
Bas alAre a: t e s q uare s urf
h
ace of a cros s
s e ct
ion of t e s t
h
and t e s (us ual pe r
re
l
y
h e ct ) M e as ure d in s q uare m e t rs in our
are
e
cas e
TPH a: T e s pe r h e ct , t e num be r of
re
are
h
t e s pl e d or s t
re
ant
anding pe r s t
and are a f
or
a giv n t e pe riod
e
im
St m biom as s : t e biom as s of t e m ain
e
h
h
t e s t m , in our docum e nt w it branch e s
re
e
h
and bark , m e as ure d in t
onne s pe r h e ct
are
D BH : D iam e t r at Bre as t H e igh t diam e t r
e
,
e
of a t e at 1.35 m e t rs h e igh t
re
e
M e an D BH : M e an
D iam e t r at Bre as t
e
H e igh t pe r h e ct
are pe r s t
and
4. Tabl of
e Cont nt
e s
I roduct
nt
ion and rat
ional, pg. 5
e
Brie f e about h e Faz e nda s it s , pg. 5
not
t
e
Soil s ource s , pg. 6
re
Sit Agroe col
e
ogy, pg. 9
T m pe rat , pg. 11
e
ure
Cl at at r bal
im ic w e
ance , pg. 11
Sun radiat
ion, pg. 11
Av abl s oil at r and irrigat
ail e
w e
ion, pg. 11
Cl at dat ource s , pg. 11
im e
a s
Grow t proj ct
h
e ion not s , pg. 16
e
Grow t s it q ualy cas e s , pg. 16
h
e
it
M ode l
ing not s , pg. 16
e
O t e r t ch nical e s , pg. 21
h
e
not
M anage m e nt ce narios , pg. 21
s
As s um pt
ions ans cav at , pg. 26
e s
Conv rs ion Fact
e
or W ood v um e t
ol
o ch arcoal DC, pg. 26
M
Concl ions , pg. 26
us
Re f re nce s Re s ource s , pg. 28
e
Sofw are re s ource s , pg. 29
t
Ack now ldgm e nt , pg. 29
e
s
About h is docum e nt
t
, pg.33
5. Int
roduct
ion and rat
ional
e
Th is t ch nicalre port is an inde pe nde nt as s e s s m e nt of Eucal us pl at
e
ypt
ant ion product it
iv y
bas e d on re m ot l s e ns e d and acq uire d dat f t e t o prope rt s it s , F nda T
e y
a or h
w
y
e
aze
ropical
and F nda Sant M aria, l e d cl e t Cat andia and Baianopol M unicipalie s , M icro
aze
a
ocat
os
o
ol
is
it
Re gion of Ext m o O e s t Baiano, in Re gion of Bah ia, Brazil Th e product is bas e d on
re
e
.
re m ot l s e ns e d and m ode ld dat w it no f l as s e s s m e nt , and it is t be us e d f an
e y
e
a,
h
ie d
s
o
or
inde pe nde nt com paris on of t e grow t proj ct
h
h
e ions and f s t m anage m e nt pl
ore
ans re port d
e
by Gre e nw ood M anage m e nt Bot l
.
h ocal s t is t , e m pirical grow t m ode l and alo
at ical
h
s
s
proce s s bas e d m ode l (3-PG) w e re us e d t m ode lpl at
s
o
ant ion grow t , f com paring and
h
or
cus t izing int rpre t d re s ul w it l
om
e
e
t
s
h ocalle rat
it
ure grow t re port . Sat l e im age ry and
h
s
e l
it
v ct GIS dat w as alo proce s s e d and us e d t prov
e or
a
s
o
ide an ov rv w of t e are a, t e
e ie
h
h
t rrain, t e e nv
e
h
ironm e nt and cl at ogical t
al
im ol
at ribut s . Graph ical pre s e nt ion of re s ul
e
re
at
t
s
is t e pre f rre d w ay us e d in t is docum e nt t com m unicat t e s t
h
e
h
o
e h
udy f
indings .
Brie f not about t e F nda s it s
e
h
aze
e
Th e t o s it s e xam ine d, as alo pre s e nt d in re lv
w
e
s
e
e ant m aps , are l e d in an are a of Brazil
ocat
w it s t
h
rong agricul
t
uralprim ary s e ct product it cl e t t e are a of Barre iras , at t e
or
iv y, os
o h
h
re gion of Bah ia, Brazil Th e approxim at s urf
.
e
ace are as (as re port d f
e
rom Gre e nw ood
M anage m e nt are ~ 9 00 H e ct s f F nda T
)
are
or aze
ropicaland 205 h e ct s approxim at l f
,
are
e y or
5
6. F nda Sant M aria. Plas e not t at grow t proj ct
aze
a
e
e h
h
e ions in t is docum e nt are re port d on
h
e
a pe r h e ct
are bas is f av rage product it s ce narios f t e t o s it s , s o it is e as y w it
or
e
iv y
or h
w
e
h
s im pl m ul icat
e
t
ipl ion t e xam ine t e s t
o
h
and grow t f e ach are a pl e d w it Eucal us .
h or
ant
h
ypt
Soil s ource s
Re
According t re v w e d dat s ource s t e s oil of t e t o s it s are cl s if d as L os s ol
o
ie
a
h
s
h
w
e
as ie
at
o
V rm e lo Am are l D is t ico (IBGE, 25, 26, 27, 28). Such s oil re port d in m any s it s of
e
h
o
rof
is
e
e
Eucal us pl at
ypt
ant ion grow t , as in s cie nt ic s t
h
if
udie s re v w e d (16, 17, 18, 19 and ot e rs ).
ie
h
Bas e d on t is re v w , t is is a m e dium t prom ine nt cl t xt
h
ie
h
o
ay e ure s oil w it l nut nt
,
h ow
rie
av abily and l f rt it lv l. H ow e v r, according t le rat
ail it
ow e ily e e s
e
o it
ure re v w , t e re are ce rt
ie
h
ain
s it and s oil e ndm e nt m e t odol s t im prov s oil
e
am
h
ogie
o
e
condit
ions f pl grow t , and it is
or ant
h
re port d t at a l of agricul
e
h
ot
t
ural
product
ion in Brazil com ing f
is
rom s uch s oil. Spe cif l
s
ical
y
f Eucal us , t e re w e re re v w e d num e rous s t
or
ypt
h
ie
udie s of pl at
ant ions grow ing on e xact y t e
l h
s am e s oil as s e it e r in t e Re gion of Bah ia and in t e ne igh boring Re gion of M inas Ge rais
cl
h
h
h
re port
ing good (16, 17, 18, 19 and ot e rs ) and in ce rt
h
ain cas e s v ry h igh grow t t nds
e
h re
giv n appropriat s it t at e nt . Th e re f , t e s e s t
e
e
e re m
s
ore h
udie s w e re us e d t cros s com pare and
o
l l adapt our m ode l re s ul . T re pre s e nt t e cas e s w h e re s oilf rt it is l , or
ocal
y
ing
t
s o
h
e ily
ow
h igh e r due t s it t at e nt , s e parat grow t s it q ualy cas e s are us e d.
o e re m
s
e
h
e
it
Agrof s t re gim e (16, 17, 18, 19 ), w it nit
ore ry
h
roge n f
ixing pl s and f rt izat
ant
e il ion w ilbe t e
l
h
m ain m anage m e nt s ys t m as re port d f
e
e
rom Gre e nw ood M anage m e nt aim ing t im prov
,
o
e
s oil e rt it and nit
f ily
roge n av abily t t e grow ing t e s . Such s ce narios of incre as ing s oil
ail it o h
re
f rt it are incl d in t e m anage m e nt s ce narios e xam ine d and t
e ily
ude
h
abul e d and graph ical
at
re s ul are pre s e nt d. Sim il t e crop e cos ys t m s are re port d by m any l
t
s
e
ar re
e
e
ocal cie nt ic
s
if
st
udie s f Eucal us pl at
or
ypt
ant ions , s uch as t e one s us e d t cus t ize and cros s -com pare
h
o
om
our m ode l re s ul .
ing
t
s
6
7.
8.
9. Sit Agroe col
e
ogy
Agroe col
ogical oning
Z
L e rat
it
ure re v w (29 ), re port t at t e t o m unicipalie s of int re s t are cl s if d as
ie
s h
h
w
it
e
as ie
“Ch apadas Al ”. F
t
as
rom l
ocalanal is (plas e s e e re lv
ys
e
e ant m aps and ge os pat anal is )
ial
ys
t e are as are l e d at an al ude of 720 m e t rs approxim at l f F nda T
h
ocat
t
it
e
e y or aze
ropical and
,
750 m e t rs f F nda Sant M aria, w h ich is s im il t t e 800m al ude re port d f
e
or aze
a
ar o h
t
it
e
rom
le rat
it
ure m ap s ource s . F
rom t e s am e le rat
h
it
ure s ource s (29 ), “Ch apadas ” a h av a dry
e
pe riod during w h ich a pre cipit ion de f
at
icit occurs , and a s e m i-h um id cl at w it a dry
im e
h
pe riod f
rom Aprilo O ct
t
obe r
.
Grow ing Se as on L ngt (12, 13, 14) is 200 days e ach ye ar approxim at l according t
e
h
e y,
o
agrom e t orol
e
ogicalanal is m ade f one of t e cl e s t w e at e r s t ions m e an cl at
ys
or
h
os
h
at
im ic
dat w h ich s t s at t e be ginnings of O ct
a,
art
h
obe r (w h e n our t e pl ing dat is s im ul e d)
re
ant
e
at
and e nds at t e f t days of M ay.
h
irs
Th e Cl at Ne t P ary P
im ic
rim
roduct it (12, 13, 14) according t t e M iam i M ode l(12),
iv y
o h
re port alo t at t e pre cipit ion pat e rn is a l it
s
s
h
h
at
t
im ing f or f t is are a. As re port d in
act
or h
e
re lv
e ant paragraph s , s uch pat e rn in t e n int cons ide rat
t
ak
o
ion by t e m anage m e nt re gim e ,
h
s ince irrigat
ion w ilbe appl d t prom ot pl grow t during t e dry pe riod.
l
ie
o
e ant
h
h
P cipit ion
re
at
Th e s ub-h um id cl at of t is t
im e
h
ropicalbiom e h as an e v nt dry pe riod be t e e n Aprilt
ide
w
o
O ct
obe r, w h il f t e t al t e ye ar t e pre cipit ion v
e or h
ot of h
h
at
arie s be t e e n 1000 t 1300 m m
w
o
(de pe nding on nat
uralcl at v
im ic ariabily). Th e re f , t t e adv age of t e h um id
it
ore
o ak
ant
h
pe riod, our pl ing dat of t e Eucal us s e e dl
ant
e
h
ypt
ings in t e m ode l cal
h
ibrat
ions w as
cons ide re d f t e m ont of O ct
or h
h
obe r As w it ot e r v
.
h
h
ariabls , t e pre cipit ion (D at Source
e
h
at
a
3) w as incl d int our proce s s bas e d m ode l proce dure s of 3-PG proce s s bas e d m ode l
ude
o
ing
,
in orde r t f h e r cus t ize our re s ul t t e s pe cif s it condit
o urt
om
t o h
s
ic e
ions .
9
10.
11. T m pe rat
e
ure
Th e t m pe rat
e
ure is w it in t e lv l of ot e r are as w h e re t e pl at
h
h
e e s
h
h
ant ions of t e Eucal us
h
ypt
s pp. are grow n in BrazilD e cadals pat l int rpol e d v ue s of t m pe rat
.
,
ial
y
e
at
al
e
ure f t e l t
or h
as
de cade are prov d at t e re lv
ide
h
e ant graph ical pre s e nt ions of t is re port Plas e not
re
at
h
. e
e
t e re f re nce s s e ct
h
e
ion w h e re cl at dat s ource s (D at Source 3) are m e nt
im ic
a
a
ione d .
Cl at W at r Bal
im ic
e
ance
Th e cl at w at r bal
im ic
e
ance (D at Source 3) is t e dif e re nce be t e e n t e m ode ld
a
h
f
w
h
e
ev
apot
rans pirat
ion and t e pre cipit ion f e ach t e pe riod. Any ne gat e v ue s rough l
h
at
or
im
iv al
y
de pict t e am ount of w at r de f
h
e
icit (cl at
im ic). Plas e not t at t e cl at w at r bal
e
e h
h
im ic
e
ance
pre s e nt d h e re is not t e s am e as t e s oil
e
h
h
and pl w at r bal
ant
e
ance s , but can be an indicat
or
of w h e n m ore l e l pl s w ilne e d art icial at r s uppl Such de f
ik y ant
l
if
w e
y.
icit is al ady addre s s e d
re
by t e f l appl ions (e x. irrigat
h
ie d
icat
ion) f l e d by Gre e nw ood M anage m e nt as re port d.
ol
ow
e
Sun radiat
ion
Th e s un radiat
ion (D at Source 3) is us e d as input t m ode l cul ions , as ot e r v
a
o
cal at
h
ariabls
e
m e nt
ione d abov . Spat l int rpol e d dat (Se e Ch apt r “Cl at D at Source s ”) on
e
ial
y
e
at
a
e
im ic
a
radiat
ion on a m ont l and de cadal is w as us e d f t is s t
h y
bas
or h
udy, and as input t t e 3-PG
o h
m ode l int rpre t ions .
ing
e
at
Alo, t e “r un” (34, 35) m odul of GRASS GIS w as us e d t de riv s pat h igh re s ol ion
s
h
.s
e
o
e
ial
ut
m aps (30m ) of dif us e , ground re fe ct d, and t al
f
l e
ot irradiat
ion and radiance , as can be alo
s
h
be obs e rv d f t e 100t day of t e ye ar in re lv
e
or h
h
e ant m aps and graph s .
Av abl s oil at r and irrigat
ail e
w e
ion
As pre s e nt d in re lv
e
e ant graph s and docum e nt d in t is re port t e Cl at W at r Bal
e
h
, h
im ic
e
ance
is de f
icit f s om e of t e dry m ont s of t e ye ar and t e grow ing pe riod of Eucal us , and
or
h
h
h
h
ypt
t us art icialw at r av abily can re duce t e pl w at r ne e ds and aid int pl at
h
if
e
ail it
h
ant
e
o ant ion
grow t .
h
Irrigat
ion is part of t e m anage m e nt re gim e of t e pl at
h
h
ant ions according t Gre e nw ood
o
M anage m e nt re port , t cov r any av abl s oilw at r pl ne e ds , and s o it is incl d
s o
e
ail e
e
ant
ude
and m ode ld in t e grow t proj ct
e
h
h
e ions of t is docum e nt Plas e not t at e f e ct e
h
.
e
e h
f iv
irrigat
ion is w h at is m ode ld in t e grow t s ce narios , t at is art icial at r input prov d
e
h
h
h
if
w e
ide
w it t e appropriat w ay, f l appl ions and t ing t act l be ne f t e grow t . Th e
h h
e
ie d
icat
im
o
ual
y
it re
h
m e dium t prom ine nt cl t xt
o
ay e ure of t e s it s oil can h av a h igh w at r h ol
h
e
s
e
e
ding capacit
y,
w h ich can re s ult s oil at r av abily f t e pl s cul at d.
t o
w e
ail it or h
ant
t
iv e
Cl at dat s ource s
im e
a
L
ong t rm act l m e as ure d dat of agricul
e
ual
y
a
t
ural
and f s t s it s , prior t e s t is h m e nt
ore ry
e
o
abl
of pl at
ant ion is us ual h ard t f
l
y
o ind, and t e re f
h
ore in m any cas e and s cie nt ic s t
if
udie s , e it e r
h
int rpol e d dat of int rnat
e
at
a
e
ionalt t d dat s ource s or m onit d dat of t e cl e s t
rus e
a
ore
a
h
os
m e t orol
e
ogical t ion is us e d.
s at
Af e r re v w of m any dat s ource s , originat
t
ie
a
ing w it e r f
h
rom f
rom Brazil (CPTEC/
INPE,
SUD ENE, INM ET), int rnat
e
ional organizat
ions (F CL ,GH CN), or ot e r w e b w e at e r
AO IM
h
h
f cas t re s ource s (Re f Cl at Ch art ), f
ore
. im e
s
inal f t e m ode l in our cas e one opt
l or h
y
ing
ion w as
11
13. s e lct d (D at s ource 3) f t e cl e s t t our s it l ions s pat dat int rpol ion point
e e
a
or h
os
o
e ocat
ial a
e
at
.
Us ing t e s e rie s int rpol e d cl at dat (D at Source 3) h as t e adv age of
im
e
at
im ic
a
a
h
ant
re pre s e nt
ing bot dry and non dry ye ars , and in ge ne ralre pre s e nt
h
ing cl at v
im ic ariabily,
it
w h ich is t e n us e d in our m ode l proce dure s f w ood v um e incre m e nt re s ul
h
ing
or
ol
,
t
ing in bot
h
ye ars of h igh e r or l e r product
ow
ion. Th e dat us e d h as a re s ol ion of 0.25 de gre e s , and as
a
ut
m e nt
ione d be f , t e cl e s t point t t e t o F nda Sit s w as s e lct d f f h e r
ore
h
os
o h
w
aze
e
e e
or urt
anal is .
ys
13
14.
15.
16. Grow t proj ct
h
e ions
Grow t –Sit q ualy cas e s
h
e
it
Re port d M e an AnnualIncre m e nt of Eucal us s pp. are h igh l v
e
s
ypt
y ariabl, de pe nding on
e
biom e and condit
ions grow n. Incre m e nt can be 8 cubic m e t rs pe r h e ct , or e v n l e r,
s
e
are
e
ow
bas e d on ce rt
ain s t
udie s , in cas e of ant ropoge nic or ot e r s it q ualy re as ons , s pe cie s
h
h
e
it
adapt ion and ot e r e nv
at
h
ironm e nt unde rl
al
ying caus e s .
F s t and t e grow t can be h igh l v
ore
re
h
y ariabl, and com m e rcial ant ion grow ing f h igh
e
pl at
or
product it incre m e nt re q uire s t e s e lct
iv y
s
h
e ion of appropriat t e prov nance s and h ybrids ,
e re
e
h igh lv le xpe rt e and com m it e nt t f l m anage m e nt in orde r t prov
e e
is
m
o ie d
o
ide pos it e
iv
re s ul .
t
s
As s um ing t at s uch pract s are appl d on t e f l t o bas ic cas e s are pre s e nt d, one of
h
ice
ie
h
ie d, w
e
m e dium -h igh grow t , and one opt al h igh e r product it cas e . F our s t
h
im ,
iv y
or
udy, w e cov re d
e
t o bas ic s it q ualy/
w
e
it grow t cas e s :
h
- Th e m e dium product it cas e w h e re at pl at
iv y
ant ion age 11 t e v um e pe r h e ct
h
ol
are is
approxim at l at 260 cubic m e t rs , and t e s t m biom as s is 125 t
e y
e
h
e
onne s pe r h e ct , as in
are
re f re nce s (28) -plas e s e e alo re lv
e
e
s
e ant t e -. Such grow t is re port d by l
abl
h
e
ocalit rat
le
ure
f
rom Brazilf Eucal us s pp. w it s im il s t ing and m anage m e nt pract s f a
or
ypt
h
ar ock
ice
or
l ion in t e ne igh boring Re gion of M inas Ge rais , w h e re t e s oil as s w as as in t e t o
ocat
h
h
cl
h
w
F nda Sit s dis cus s e d (L os s ol V rm e lo Am are l D is t ico), but at l e r al ude and
aze
e
at
o e
h
o
rof
ow
t
it
w it h igh e r pre cipit ion lv l Th e re f
h
at
e e .
ore w e as s um e t at f t e t o F nda s it s ,
h
or h
w
aze
e
nit
roge n f
ixing pl s are grow n in a t e crop s ys t m w it Eucal us , and t at ade q uat
ant
re
e
h
ypt
h
e
f rt izat
e il ion is appl d. F h e rm ore , irrigat
ie
urt
ion is appl d in a m anne r t prov
ie
o
ide s oil at r
w e
f pl grow t as in t e l
or ant
h
h
ocal t
s udie s .
According t our as s e s s m e nt m ore s t
o
,
udie s re f r t s uch grow t pat e rns (f t e Sit
e
o
h
t
or h
e
Qualy Cas e 1), t an in t e s e cond cas e , and t e re f
it
h
h
h
ore w e cons ide r t is f t cas e m ore
h
irs
f as ibl t an t e s e cond.
e
e h
h
H ow e v r, t e re is an incre as ing num be r of publ h e d s t
e
h
is
udie s de s cribing s uch h igh v um e
ol
incre m e nt rat s w it t e us e of Eucal us cl
e
h h
ypt
onalv
arie t s (w it an M AI e q ualt 40 or
ie
h
o
m uch h igh e r), as t e s e are alo in de t m e nt
h
s
ail
ione d be l and pre s e nt d as s im ul ions t
ow
e
at
o
graph s and t e s .
abl
- Th e opt alproduct it cas e de s cribe s a rat e r h igh incre m e nt lv l Bas e d on t e
im
iv y
h
e e .
h
pre v
ious grow t cas e , w e as s um e t at m os t l it
h
h
im ing f ors f pl grow t are re duce d
act
or ant
h
s ignif
icant y bas e d on t e s it m anage m e nt f rt izat
l
h
e
, e il ion and irrigat
ion appl d, and t e
ie
h
pl ing of f t grow ing Eucal us cl
ant
as
ypt
onalv
arie t s . Such grow t is re port d f s e lct d
ie
h
e
or
e e
prov nance s and pl h ybrids . Th e M AI is re ach ing t e 40, or m ore t an 40 cubic m e t rs
e
ant
h
h
e
pe r h e ct
are in ce rt
ain ye ars , and t e t al
h
ot incre m e nt is m uch h igh e r t an in t e pre v
h
h
ious
s ce nario. Th is e s t at f l cl e w it t e product
im e al os
s
h h
ion e s t at s f
im e
rom l
ocals t
udie s f
rom
Bah ia (33) and ot e rs (11). Alo, t e s e re s ul as in t e s e cond opt alcas e , and e v n
h
s
h
t
s
h
im
e
h igh e r incre m e nt , are f as ibl according t f l s t
s
e
e
o ie d udie s and e xpe rim e nt re port d f
s
e
rom
Gre e nw ood M anage m e nt bas e d on t s t of t e cl
,
e s
h
onal arie t s t be us e d.
v
ie o
Eucal us m anage d f s t in Brazil
ypt
ore s
are h igh l product e . In bot cas e s abov , t e t e
y
iv
h
e h
re
product it is v ry h igh , w h e n com pare d w it t e incre m e nt lv l of ot e r, non t
iv y
e
h h
e e s
h
ropical
f s t e cos ys t m s (f e xam pl f nat
ore
e
or
e ir
uralf s t in h igh al ude , h igh re l iv de ns it
ore s
t
it
at e
y
s e lct
e ion cut s t
ands of t e M e dit rrane an re gion can h av an annual
h
e
e
grow t dat of 3 cubic
h
e
m e t rs pe r h e ct
e
are in ce rt
ain s it s , w h il ls s can be obs e rv d in ce rt
e
e e
e
ain e v rgre e n oak
e
st
ands , 2.5 cubic m e t rs pe r h e ct ).
e
are
M ode l not s
ing
e
A l of inf
ot
orm at
ion and s t
udie s e xis t f young f t grow ing pl at
or
as
ant ions in Brazil and
,
according t our le rat
o
it
ure as s e s s m e nt ls s inf
, e
orm at
ion e xis t on t inning ope rat
s
h
ions (s uch
as M anage m e nt Sce nario 2 or 3) and t e s t
h
and be h av
ior af e r t inning. Bot l
t
h
h ocal
16
21. s t is t
at ical ode l de v l d f
m
s
e ope
rom a s t
udy in Bah ia Re gion, and t e proce s s bas e d m ode l
h
3PG cus t ize d bas e d on l
om
ocals t
udie s (31, 16, 17, 18) f Eucal us s pp. (incl
or
ypt
uding t e
h
nat
ural ybrid of Eucal us cam al e ns is x Eucal us uroph yl
h
ypt
dul
ypt
l
a).
Adapt d f t is s t
e
or h
udy Cl t r bas e d m ode l (32, 37) and a Sch um ach e r bas e d m ode l
ut e
s
(32)
(us ing as our int rpre t ion input v
e
at
arious s it indice s t account f s it q ualy v
e
o
or
e
it ariat
ion)
and t e cus t ize d 3-PG proce s s bas e d m ode l e re e xam ine d f grow t and m anage m e nt
h
om
w
or
h
s ce narios , as giv n in graph ical s ul . Cros s com paris on of our 3-PG adapt ion w as m ade
e
re
t
s
at
t m ak e s ure t at our cus t izat
o
h
om
ion h as s im il e s t at s w it l
ar
im e
h ocal m pirical ode l.
e
m
s
Th e re s pons e t t inning w as alo t s t d f t e –f h e r cal
o h
s
e e
or h
urt
ibrat d f our s t
e
or
udy- Cl t r
ut e
m ode loriginat
ing f
rom re ce nt s t
udie s in Bah ia (31, 32, 37) and s uch re s ul w e re cros s
t
s
com pare d w it t e 3-PG, as alo pre s e nt d in re lv
h h
s
e
e ant graph s . Th e agre e m e nt of grow t
h
proj ct
e ions is prov d in re lv
ide
e ant graph s and t e s , be f
abl
ore and af e r t inning.
t h
F e xam pl, f a s t
or
e
or
udy m ade in Bah ia, publ h e d on 2009 (32), e xam ining s e v ral
is
e
incre m e nt m ode l f 37 Eucal us cl s , t e M e an AnnualIncre m e nt (M AI, IM A in
s or
ypt
one
h
P ugue s e ) w it bark w as f t e v
ort
h
or h
arious cal at
cul ions m ore t an 40 cubic m e t rs pe r h a f
h
e
or
young s t
and age s , and in m any cas e s s urpas s ing t e 50 cubic m e t rs pe r h e ct , out ide
h
e
are
s
bark .
Plas e not t at t e abov doe s not im pl t at al Eucal us pl at
e
e h
h
e
y h
l
ypt
ant ion grow e rs in t e
h
s am e re gion w il h av t e v ry s im il re s ul ; rat e r it is an indicat
l
e h
e
ar
t
s
h
ion t at if t e
h ,
h
appropriat prov nance s and t e v
e
e
re
arie t s are ch os e n and t e ne e de d m anage m e nt
ie
h
re gim e s are f l e d on t e f l t e n s uch h igh incre m e nt re s ul are pos s ibl.
ol
ow
h
ie d, h
t
s
e
O t e r t ch nical e s
h
e
not
O ct
obe r is cons ide re d t e pl ing m ont , w it 1333 s e e dl
h
ant
h
h
ings pe r h e ct
are e s t is h e d, and
abl
as m e nt
ione d in pre v
ious ch apt rs , it is s e lct d as it is t e s t
e
e e
h
art of grow ing and rainy
s e as on.
Th e v um e ins ide bark is cons ide re d t be 14% -15% of t e t als t m v um e , as in
ol
o
h
ot
e
ol
it rat
e
ions m ade f
rom le rat
it
ure s ource s (37) - h ow e v r t e bark v um e is re port d s m al r
e h
ol
e
l
e
f cl
or onal arie t s , f
v
ie
rom 9 % t 12 % of t e s t m t al re ce nt publ ions (36)-.
o
h
e
ot in
icat
M anage m e nt s ce narios
Bas e d on t e s e t o m ain grow t cas e s , ce rt
h
w
h
ain
e ach of t e t e cas e s dis cus s e d:
h
h
m anage m e nt re gim e s are pre s e nt d f
e
or
- A rot ion pe riod of 7-9 ye ars , f t e product
at
or h
ion of t e t alv um e pe r h e ct
h
ot
ol
are f
or
e ne rgy biom as s propos e s .
- H arv s t
e ing t e m aj y of t e at t e produce d v um e at t e pl at
h
orit
h
h
ol
h
ant ion age 7-9 ye ars ,
and lav
e ing 250 s t m s pe r h e ct
e
are f f h e r grow ing unt 13-15 ye ars (of pl at
or urt
il
ant ion age ).
Such m anage m e nt re gim e is appl d by m anage m e nt s t
ie
udie s dim e ns ion w ood product
ion
and t e re f
h
ore is f l e d h e re .
ol
ow
- Th inning ope rat
ions as t k e e p t e re l iv de ns it l and t us t e com pe t ion in l
o
h
at e
y ow
h
re
it
ow
lv l, in orde r t m axim ize pl at
e e s
o
ant ion grow t , is t e l t m anage m e nt s ce nario propos e d,
h
h
as
w it re ducing bas al a by approxim at l 50% on Y ar 4, w it 650 t e s re m aining, and
h
are
e y
e
h
re
f h e r re m ov
urt
ing about 60% of bas alare a on Y ar 8, lav
e
e ing 250 t e s pe r h e ct . Th is
re
are
proj ct
e ion s h oul be t at d w it capt
d
re e
h
ion, s ince it is not re f re nce d and cros s ch e ck e d f
e
or
corre ct
ions w it l
h ocalre s ul and s t
t
s
udie s (due t t e f
o h
act t at l
h
ocalq uant at e dat on
it iv
a
s ubs e q ue nt t inning e v nt w as not av abl on pe e r re v w e d publ ions as s e s s e d in
h
e s
ail e
ie
icat
orde r t com pare our re s ul ).
o
t
s
21
26. As s um pt
ions and cav at
e s
As s um pt
ions , and pos s ibl inaccuracie s , about our approach e s on e s t at
e
im ing w ood v um e
ol
incre m e nt and s it product it are dis cus s e d in m ore de t
e
iv y
ailat t e re lv
h
e ant docum e nt
ch apt rs .
e
Nat
uralv
ariabily, cl at e xt m e s , nat
it
im e
re
uralor m an caus e d dis t
urbance s s uch as f s t
ore
f s , can e as il cre at unf orabl condit
ire
y
e
av
e
ions f pl grow t according t one 's pl .
or ant
h
o
ans
H ow e v r, cons ide ring t e pas t and curre nt h igh product it of Brazil
e
h
iv y
Eucal us pl at
ypt
ant ions
and t e l
h
ocal xpe rt e de v l d, w e as s um e t at s uch grow t is f as ibl, as alo re port d
e
is
e ope
h
h
e
e
s
e
by l
ocal t
s udie s f t e s am e re gions , and/ f t e s am e or s im il agro-e col
or h
or or h
ar
ogical
biom e s .
As it is obv
ious , any pos s ibl e rrors or inaccuracie s are of cours e not due t m ode l and
e
o
s
s of w are us e d and us e d, but rat e r t our param e t
t
h
o
rizat
ion. L
ocal adapt ion and
at
param e t
rizat
ion t s pe cie s and s it condit
o
e
ions of e m pirical t is t
-s at icalm ode l, s uch as t e
s
h
Cl t r one , or proce s s -bas e d m ode l s uch as t e 3-PG, can h av e rrors or inaccuracie s
ut e
s
h
e
caus e d f
rom t e m ode lr (as in t is docum e nt and re s ul t m is lading f cas t .
h
e
h
),
t o
e
ore
s
Th e re f , our re s ul w e re com pare d w it publ h e d q uant at e dat of Eucal us
ore
t
s
h
is
it iv
a
ypt
incre m e nt of t e s am e biom e s in Brazilin orde r t l it t e occurre nce of any e rror in our
s
h
,
o im
h
proj ct
e ions .
Conv rs ion F or - W ood v um e t ch arcoal D C
e
act
ol
o
M
Th e rat of “s t e d w ood cubic m e t r/ D C of ch arcoal 1,47” re f rring t bone dry w ood
io
ack
e M
=
e
o
is prov d h e re bas e d on l
ide
ocalle rat
it
ure s ource s . Th e s e M D C f ors and cal at
act
cul ions
de riv d f
e
rom le rat
it
ure (30) w e re de v l d in Brazilf Eucal us s pe cie s , and in t e
e ope
or
ypt
h
re f re nce d art e t e cl
e
icl h
onal
(Eucal us uroph yl x Eucal us cam al e ns is ) v
ypt
l
a
ypt
dul
arie t in
y
s im il t t e one in q ue s t
ar o h
ion f t is as s e s s m e nt .
or h
Th e ABRAF s t is t
at icalY arbook 2009 (33) re f rs t a ch arcoalconv rs ion rat of 1,33 f
e
e
o
e
e
or
Eucal us s pp. according t ne w de v l
ypt
o
e opm e nt / prov m e nt of t e carbonizat
s im
e
s
h
ion proce s s .
Conv rs ions of w ood v um e or w ood biom as s t M D C de pe nd on v
e
ol
o
arious f ors , s uch as
act
t e de ns it (w h ich f e xam pl can v
re
y
or
e
ary f
rom pl at
ant ion grow n t nat
o
ural grow n s pe cie s ,
l
y
or f
rom one l ion t anot e r), dry v um e s h rink age , t m pe rat
ocat
o
h
ol
e
ure of carbonizat
ion
proce s s and ot e rs .
h
Concl ions
us
W orl k now n, pe e r re v w e d approach e s on m ode l pl grow t w e re f h e r adapt d t
d
ie
ing ant
h
urt
e
o
t e be s t of our k now ldge in orde r t de riv t e abov pre s e nt d m ode l re s ul . Anal is
h
e
o
e h
e
e
ing
t
s
ys
w as f l e d t ch e ck t at our adapt ion f s in w e l w it t e grow t t nds obs e rv d by
ol
ow
o
h
at
it
l h h
h re
e
aut ors of l
h
ocal t
s udie s .
T o bas ic s it q ualy cas e s are e xam ine d, one of m e dium -h igh and one of h igh e r grow t ,
w
e
it
h
and f e ach of t e s e cas e s 3 s it m anage m e nt s ce narios are propos e d, w it product
or
h
e
h
ion
age s v
arying f
rom 7-13 ye ars af e r pl at
t
ant ion e s t is h m e nt de pe nding on s ilicul
abl
,
v
t
ural
t at e nt .
re m
s
Re ade rs s h oul not h ow e v r, t at t is is a t e ore t
d
e
e
h
h
h
icalas s e s s m e nt of pl at
ant ion grow t ,
h
bas e d on s cie nt ic m e t odol
if
h
ogy and dat av abl, and can pre s e nt s ignif
a
ail e
icant v
ariat
ions
of t e act
h
ual ut
f ure Eucal us pl at
ypt
ant ion grow t . W h il t e ut os t care h as be e n t e n t
h
e h
m
ak
o
e ns ure t e v idit of t e re s ul , t e aut or can not be h e l re s pons ibl f v
h
al y
h
t
s h
h
d
e or ariat
ions
be t e e n t e curre nt proj ct
w
h
e ions and act
ualf ure Eucal us pl at
ut
ypt
ant ion grow t , due t
h
o
m ode l m anage rialant ropoge nic, or ot e r re as ons .
ing,
,
h
h
26
27. Com m e nt on t e t e abov : Th e dat proj ct d f Sit Qualy Cas e 1, w h e re
h
abl
e
a
e e
or
e
it
proj ct
e ions agre e w it re f re nce s (18) h av
h
e
ing at 11nt ye ar v um e ins ide bark t
h
ol
o
260 cubic m e t rs approxim at l and s t m biom as s (incl
e
e y,
e
uding branch e s and bark )
at 127 t
onne s pe r h e ct .
are
27
28. Re f re nce s - Re s ource s
e
Se v ralit rat , w e b and ot e r re s ource s w e re re v w e d f
e
le
ure
h
ie
or t is as s e s s m e nt w h ich are
h
,
m e nt
ione d in de t be l :
ail ow
1. Av ry, T
e
.E., B.E. H arol 2002. Fore s t M e as ure m e nt , f t e dit
d,
s if h
ion, Ne w York ;M cGrow -H il426 p.
l
2. J . L
.J ands be rg, R.H . W aring, A ge ne ral e d m ode l f s t product it us ing s im plie d conce pt
is
of ore
iv y
if
s
of radiat
ion-us e e f icie ncy, carbon bal
f
ance and part ioning, Fore s t Ecol and M anage m e nt
it
ogy
,
V um e 9 5, Is s ue 3, 1 Augus t 19 9 7, Page s 209 -228, ISSN 0378-1127
ol
3. R.H . W aring, N.C. Coops , J . L
.J ands be rg, Im prov
ing pre dict
ions of f s t grow t us ing t e 3-PGS
ore
h
h
m ode l it obs e rv ions m ade by re m ot s e ns ing, Fore s t Ecol and M anage m e nt V um e 259 ,
w h
at
e
ogy
, ol
Is s ue 9 , Product it in Tropical ant ions , 15 April
iv y
Pl at
2010, Page s 1722-1729 , ISSN 0378-1127
4. J J L
. . ands be rg, R. H . W aring, N. C. Coops , Pe rf
orm ance of t e f s t product it m ode l
h
ore
iv y
3-PG
appl d t a w ide range of f s t t
ie
o
ore
ype s , Fore s t Ecol and M anage m e nt V um e 172, Is s ue s 2-3,
ogy
, ol
20 J
anuary 2003, Page s 19 9 -214, ISSN 0378-1127
5. N. C. Coops , R. H . W aring, J J L
. . ands be rg, As s e s s ing f s t product it in Aus t ia and Ne w
ore
iv y
ral
Z e al
and us ing a ph ys iol
ogical
l
y-bas e d m ode l
driv n w it av rage d m ont l w e at e r dat and
e
h
e
h y
h
a
s at l e -de riv d e s t at s of canopy ph ot ynt e t capacit Fore s t Ecol and M anage m e nt
e l
it
e
im e
os
h ic
y,
ogy
,
V um e 104, Is s ue s 1-3, 12 M ay 19 9 8, Page s 113-127, ISSN 0378-1127
ol
6. P J Sands , J J L
. .
. . ands be rg, Param e t ris at
e
ion of 3-PG f pl at
or ant ion grow n Eucal us gl us ,
ypt
obul
Fore s t Ecol and M anage m e nt V um e 163, Is s ue s 1-3, 28 J
ogy
, ol
une 2002, Page s 273-29 2, ISSN
0378-1127
7. AL EID A, A.C.;L
M
AND SBERG, J .;SAND S, P . Param e t ris at
.J
.J
e
ion of 3-PG m ode lor f t
f as -grow ing
Eucal us grandis pl at
ypt
ant ions . Fore s t Ecol and M anage m e nt v 3, p.179 -19 5. 2004.
ogy
, .19
8. SIL A, G.G.C. Nut
V
rição, cre s cim e nt e s ua m ode l m e m pov
o
age
oam e nt de e ucal o e m
os
ipt
re s pos t à dis ponibil
a
idade de água e nut nt s . V
rie e
iços a, M G: UFV 2006. 102f T s e (D out
,
. e
orado
e m Sol e Nut
os
rição de Pl as ) –Univ rs idade Fe de ral V
ant
e
de iços a, V
iços a.
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