1. VII. PHYSIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
COITUS IN-VITRO Mature sperm
Ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
Ability of the sperm to penetrate zona
pelucida Maturation of ova
Ejaculates semen man woman
400 million An ovulated ovum ruptures in the ovary
spermatozoa
Releases ova
Deposited to vagina
capacitation Unfertilized ova Dissolves the layer of cells protecting ova
Hyaluronidase enzyme Penetrates SPERMATOZOON
the ova enters
Intermingling of haploid paternal and maternal chromosomes
↑ Estrogen FERTILIZATION
Amenorrhea FSH suppression
ZYGOTE FORMATION Peristaltic wave + fimbriae
Another 3-4 days the morula
MITOTIC CELL DIVISIONS (CLEAVAGE) continues to multiply as flash free in
the uterine cavity
First 2 cells were developed (24⁰) MORULA FORMATION
2. Reaches 100 cells
BLASTOCYST
TROPHOBLAST EMBRYOBLAST Sheds the last residues of
corona radiate and zona
pelucida
syncytiotrophoblast cytotrophoblast Chorionic villi resembles 11th Parts that did not attached
Vaginal spotting
or 12th day endometrium
IMPLANTATION
Placental hormone
Reaches the uterine endometrium
amnion chorion
↓ IgG
hCG hPL estrogen progesterone
placenta Amniotic sac
Fetal membrane ↑ WBC
↑level
Umbilical cord
N/V
Produce phospholipid
Mesoderm:
Supporting structures of the
body (connective tissue,
Initiates formation of prostaglandin
Entoderm: bones, cartilage, muscle,
Ectoderm: Lining of pericardial, pleura ligaments and tendons)
CNS(brain and spinal cord and peritoneal cavities Dentin of teeth
Peripheral nervous system Lining of the GIT, resp. tract, Upper portion of the urinary
Skin, hair and nails tonsils, parathyroid, thyroid, system
Mucous membranes of the thymus gland Reproductive system
anus, mouth, and nose Lower urinary system Heart, circulatory system
Tooth enamel (bladder and urethra) Blood cells, lymph vessels
Mammary glands
3. EMBRYONIC Primitive gonadal tissue
DEVELOPMENT
mesonephric paramesonephric
5-8 weeks Female
primitive testes reproductive
develops organ
FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Formation of Not present by
testosterone 10th week
1st trimester: 2nd trimester
Length: 7-8cm Length: 25 cm
Weight: 45g Weight: 550 g Turns into ovaries
3rd trimester:
Nail beds are forming on fingers. Meconium is present as far as the Length: 48-52 cm
Some reflexes, such as Babinski reflex, rectum. Weight: 3000 g
are present. Active production of lung surfactant Fetus kicks actively.
Bone ossification centers begin to form. begins. Fetal hgB begins its conversion to adult
Tooth buds are present. Eyebrows and eyelashes become well hgB. 12 weeks external
Sex is distinguishable by outward defined. Vernix Caseosa is fully formed. genital develops
appearance. Pupils are capable of reacting to light. Fingernails extend over the fingerstips.
Heartbeat is audible through Doppler Hearing can be demonstrated by Creases on the soles of the feet cover
technology. response to sudden sound. at least two thirds of the surface.
Placental ageing
S/Sx and Discomforts felt by the Patient
4. Breast tenderness, palmar erythema, Backache due to lumbar lordosis Backache due to lumbar lordosis
constipation, hemorrhoids, frequent Dyspnea due to expanding uterus, linea nigra, Dyspnea due to expanding uterus, lightening,
urination,abdominal discomfort, leucorrhea, striae gravidarum, quickening, frequent frequent urination, constipation.
urination, constipation.
food cravings, nausea and vomiting.
Labor onset
Fetal cortisol production Fetal movement
↓ Progesterone level Braxton hicks contraction False labor
pressure on the cervix
Stimulates the release of oxytoxin from the
posterior pituitary gland
Oxytoxin production
True labor Engagement of fetus
Uterine contraction show Rupture of membranes
5. Acute pain: Blood , mixed with mucus,
Pain is felt first in lower takes on a pink tinged
back and sweep around stress
to the abdomen in a
wave. Mechanism of labor
DESCENT FLEXION INTERNAL EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXPULSION
ROTATION ROTATION
EPISIOTOMY NEW BABY GIRL
PLACENTAL P 5-30 mins
SEPARATION
Minimal vaginal bleeding Placental expulsion
EPISIORRAPHY
Puerperium
