SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf

•
•
CLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
CLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital

Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf

Health & Medicine
1 of 1965
Download to read offline
Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Elavenil Panneerselvam Suvy Manuel Vinay V. Kumar Anshul Rai Editors Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician
Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Elavenil Panneerselvam  •  Suvy Manuel Vinay V. Kumar  •  Anshul Rai Editors Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician
Editors Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain hospital Bangalore India Suvy Manuel Ananthapuri Hospitals & Research Institute Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences Trivandrum, Kerala India Anshul Rai Associate Professor Department of Dentistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India Elavenil Panneerselvam Associate Professor SRM Dental College, Ramapuram Chennai, Tamil Nadu India Vinay V. Kumar Department of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden Video Editors Jimson Samson Vice Principal Prof & Head of Department Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Tagore Dental College & Hospital Chennai, India Nehal Patel Director, DCKH Cleft Center K. P. Sanghvi Hospital Surat, India This book is an open access publication. ISBN 978-981-15-1345-9    ISBN 978-981-15-1346-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6 © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2021 Open Access  This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Vivek Narayanan Dean, SRM Dental College Kaatangulathur Chennai, India Illustrator Mr Brishank Pratap Goa, India Voice-over for Videos Madhulaxmi Marimuthu Professor Saveetha Dental College Chennai, India
v An important question that always comes up when a book of this scope and extent is written is: why do we need one more? This deserves a thoughtful answer and we shall try to do that while tracing the origin and evolution of this book from an idea. Since its inception in 1969, the Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India (AOMSI) has made steady and significant progress in terms of its vision and commitment to promote the field. The members of AOMSI have also evolved into a vibrant, multidimensional, passionate, and committed community of oral and maxillofa- cial surgeons who are making substantial contribution to the field in India and around the world. So it was only natural that the association decided to express its commitment to aca- demic medicine coinciding with its 50th year in existence. And what better way to express it than publishing an open source comprehensive textbook on oral and maxillofacial surgery. This book showcases the experts and expertise of AOMSI and has been made freely available to surgeons worldwide through generous funding from the association. We are delighted to see this open access book published for free use by worldwide community of MaxFac surgeons, especially the young surgeons and trainees in the field. This book is published with a CCBY license and we encourage associations and institutes to widely distribute the link to this book for maximum possible usage. The AOMSI was very conscious that the development of our speciality was not an insular one. As we evolved, we looked for guidance and training from colleagues around the world, and in return, we provided our bit of experience and insights. This exchange of knowledge is extremely important for ultimately improving patient treatment methods, techniques, and out- comes. The same spirit was applied in producing this book as well’ as we requested eminent clinicians and researchers from around the world along with our members to contribute to this book. The book has contributions by society’s members within India as well as 41 international authors from various countries. Thus, the extent of this makes it one of the most comprehen- sive textbooks on the topic. The contributors were invited by the AOMSI keeping in mind their scholastic profile while ensuring diversity and inclusiveness as well as a mix of young and experienced surgeons. All the contributors have a track record of being high-volume clinicians and educators in their field of expertise and are generally working at prestigious teaching insti- tutions. This textbook as a scholarly venture condenses and amalgamates both the authors’ personal experience as well as being in line with the current evidence-based treatment princi- ples in the field of maxillofacial surgery. In the beginning, the heterogeneous source of knowl- edge did pose editorial challenges in standardization of the chapter structuring and scope. However, the final outcome has achieved a blend of evidence-based, diverse surgical practices along with cutting-edge technology for the practice of maxillofacial surgery in a fairly uniform format. As the title suggests, this is meant to be a comprehensive resource for all clinicians, post- graduate trainees, and young surgeons in their day-to-day clinical work. Graduate students and surgeons will find this book useful in preparing for their university exams as well as board-­ certified exams from professional organizations. The book will help in decision-making, implementing treatment plans, and managing problems that may arise while executing these Preface
vi plans. Overall, the key objective is to help crystallize current evidence and provide protocols, guidelines, and recommendations to assist dealing with most clinical scenarios. Keeping this objective in mind, we have included components like case scenarios and video recordings of surgical procedures in the book. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician is a compilation of 22 sections incorporat- ing 88 chapters dealing with the nuances in the principles and practice of cranio-maxillofacial and head and neck surgery. An important value addition is the library of 68 demonstrational videos that have been compiled to give the readers a more interactive feel with audiovisual inputs. The book is structured in a step-ladder fashion to guide the reader through the basic prin- ciples of surgery before exposing to the full spectrum of specialty cranio-maxillofacial work. The first section is devoted to the origin and scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a spe- cialty and a description of the training standards practiced globally. The next four sections are tailored to discuss the prospective patient, investigations, patient preparation, and anesthesia techniques. Subsequent sections focus on minor surgical procedures involving the practice of dento-alveolar surgery, implantology, and orofacial infections. With the above as the basis, the textbook progresses to complex surgical procedures including facial trauma, orthognathic sur- gery, TMJ, surgical pathology, and craniofacial and reconstructive surgery. The book also fea- tures two exclusive sections which provide the readers a perspective on practice management and research and publication. The editors of the book would like to thank the office bearers of the AOMSI, in particular, the dynamic and effervescent secretary, Pritham Shetty, for the constant support he gave while undertaking this project. Brishank Pratap, our tireless and innovative illustrator, needs a special mention for his superb rendition of medical and technical illustrations throughout this book. Our publisher Springer, particularly, Naren Aggarwal and Jagjeet Kaur, deserves our grati- tude for constant support and advice throughout the preparation of this book. Last but not least, we would like to express our deep appreciation for the authors for their time, efforts, and priceless contributions. We hope this book will be read worldwide, and we look forward to hear its critical reviews. Bangalore, India Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Chennai, India Elavenil Panneerselvam Trivandrum, India Suvy Manuel Uppsala, Sweden Vinay V. Kumar Bhopal, India Anshul Rai Chennai, India Jimson Samson Surat, India Nehal Patel Preface
vii Part I Introduction 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������    3 Kishore Nayak Part II  Preoperative Assessment and Patient Preparation/Optimization 2 Preoperative Evaluation and Investigations for Maxillofacial Surgery���������������   11 B. Krishnan and Satyen Parida 3 Management of Medical Comorbidities in Maxillofacial Surgery�����������������������   25 Aditya Moorthy and Shreya Krishna 4 Medical Emergencies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Practice���������������������   49 Nallamilli V. S. Sekhar Reddy Part III  Anesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 5 Local Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery���������������������������������������������   61 Reena Rachel John 6 Office-Based Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-The American Model and Training���������������������������������������������������������������������������������   79 Payal Verma and Deepak G. Krishnan 7 Anaesthesia for Maxillo Facial Surgery�����������������������������������������������������������������   95 Rebecca Jacob, Subramanyam S. Mahankali, Renita Maria, Suman Ananathanarayana, Garima Sharma, and Mary Thomas Part IV  Imaging in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 8 Radiology for Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Essentials �����������������������������������������  121 Shyamsundar K. Joshi and Annie I. Kochuveettil Part V  Principles of Maxillofacial Surgery 9 Operating Room Protocols and Infection Control�������������������������������������������������  173 Rishi Kumar Bali 10 Pharmacotherapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery�������������������������������������������  195 Latha P. Rao 11 Wound Closure and Care in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery�����������������������������  217 Ravi Veeraraghavan Contents
viii 12 Postoperative Care of the Maxillofacial Surgery Patient�������������������������������������  239 J. Naveen Kumar and Poornima Ravi Part VI  Dentoalveolar and Oral Surgery 13 Principles and Techniques of Exodontia�����������������������������������������������������������������  259 Anuj Jain 14 Management of Impacted Third Molars ���������������������������������������������������������������  299 George Varghese 15 Management of Impacted Canines�������������������������������������������������������������������������  329 George Varghese 16 Endodontic Surgery�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  349 Deepti Simon 17 Preprosthetic Surgery�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  361 Bobby John Part VII Dental Implantology 18 Basics of Dental Implantology for the Oral Surgeon���������������������������������������������  385 Supriya Ebenezer, Vinay V. Kumar, and Andreas Thor 19 Bone Augmentation Procedures in Implantology �������������������������������������������������  407 Vinay V. Kumar, Supriya Ebenezer, and Andreas Thor Part VIII Odontogenic Infections 20 Odontogenic Infections: General Principles�����������������������������������������������������������  429 Anand Shukla and Divya Mehrotra 21 Fascial Space Infections�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  441 Rajasekhar Gaddipati 22 Osteomyelitis, Osteoradionecrosis, and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of Jaws�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  461 Christian Walter and Christoph Renné Part IX  Maxillary Sinus and the Oral Surgeon 23 Maxillary Sinusitis ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  475 Kandasamy Ganesan and Neelam Rathod 24 OroAntral Communications and OroAntral Fistula���������������������������������������������  491 Suvy Manuel Part X  Nerve Injuries and Neuralgias of Oral and Maxillofacial Region 25 Trigeminal Nerve Injuries���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  515 Tara Renton 26 Trigeminal Neuralgia�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  531 Kandasamy Ganesan and Asha Thomson Contents
ix Part XI  Benign Pathologies of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region 27 Cysts of the “Oro-Maxillofacial Region”���������������������������������������������������������������  549 Neelima Malik 28 Benign Odontogenic Tumours���������������������������������������������������������������������������������  577 Anjan Kumar Shah 29 Reactive Lesions of Oro-Maxillofacial Region�������������������������������������������������������  599 Raja Sekhar Gali 30 Fibro-osseous Lesions in the Maxillofacial Region�����������������������������������������������  615 Taranjit Kaur 31 Vascular Anomalies of the Oro-Maxillofacial Region�������������������������������������������  629 Sanjiv Nair and Sunil S. Shroff Part XII  Aesthetic Procedures in Oral and Maxillofacial Region 32 Non-surgical Modalities of Facial Rejuvenation and Aesthetics��������������������������  661 Arun Kumar Panda and Aarti Chowdhary 33 Botulinum Toxin and Fillers for Maxillofacial Esthetics���������������������������������������  691 Sainath Matsa 34 Hair Transplantation �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  707 Sreedhar Reddy Pothula and B. S. Jayanth 35 Ear Reconstruction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  731 Paritkumar Ladani 36 Management of Facial Scars�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������  747 Velupillai Ilankovan and Anna Sayan 37 Surgical Facelift���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  759 Velupillai Ilankovan and Tian Ee Seah 38 Rhinoplasty���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  775 Nasir A. Nasser Part XIII  Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 39 Lasers in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery �������������������������������������������������������������  817 Shravan Renapurkar and Robert A. Strauss 40 Piezosurgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery���������������������������������������������������  831 Shravan Renapurkar and Sowjanya Nagamalla 41 Computer-Assisted Navigation Surgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery������  841 Shintaro Sukegawa and Takahiro Kanno Part XIV  Practice Management in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 42 Human Factors Recognition to Enhance Team Working and Safer Patient Care���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  865 Peter A. Brennan and Rachel S. Oeppen Contents
x 43 De Novo Practice of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery�������������������������������������������  871 Srinivas Gosla Reddy and Avni Pandey Acharya 44 Medicolegal Issues in Maxillofacial Surgery���������������������������������������������������������  883 George Paul and Manjunath Rai 45 Research and Publishing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery�������������������������������  927 George Dimitroulis Part XV  Salivary Gland Pathologies 46 Salivary Gland Pathologies �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  939 Nisheet Anant Agni 47 Obstructive Salivary Gland Disease and Sialendoscopy���������������������������������������  975 Prithvi S. Bachalli and Aditya Moorthy Part XVI Maxillofacial Traumatology 48 Primary Assessment and Care in Maxillofacial Trauma���������������������������������������  983 Saurabh Saigal and Manal M. Khan 49 Management of Soft Tissue Injuries in the Maxillofacial Region������������������������  997 Abhay Datarkar and Shikha Tayal 50 Dentoalveolar Injuries and Wiring Techniques����������������������������������������������������� 1013 Omkar Anand Shetye 51 Principles of Internal Fixation in Maxillofacial Surgery ������������������������������������� 1039 Abhilasha Yadav 52 Fractures of the Mandible��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1053 Anshul Rai 53 Fracture of the Mandibular Condyle��������������������������������������������������������������������� 1085 Vikas Dhupar 54 Intraoral Endoscopic Approach for Treatment of Condylar Fractures of the Mandible��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1115 Frank Wilde 55 Maxillary Fractures������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1125 Oommen Aju Jacob and Akhilesh Prathap 56 Fractures of the Zygomaticomaxillary Complex��������������������������������������������������� 1151 Elavenil Panneerselvam, Poornima Ravi, and B. Sasikala 57 Orbital Fractures ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1201 Ananthanarayanan Parameswaran, Madhulaxmi Marimuthu, Shreya Panwar, and Beat Hammer 58 Frontal and Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Complex Fractures��������������������������������������� 1251 Kannan Balaraman 59 Gunshot Injuries of the Maxillofacial Region ������������������������������������������������������� 1267 Lt Col Rohit Sharma and Maj Anson Jose 60 Panfacial Fractures��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1283 Kiran S. Gadre, Balasubramanya Kumar, and Divya P. Gadre Contents
xi 61 Residual Deformities of the Maxillofacial Region������������������������������������������������� 1303 Samson Jimson Part XVII  Temporomandibular Joint Disorders 62 Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome����������������������������������������������������������������� 1343 Mirza Farhatullah Baig and Yashoda Ashok 63 Internal Derangements of the Temporomandibular Joint ����������������������������������� 1361 Gary Warburton 64 Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation������������������������������������������������������������������� 1381 V. B. Krishnakumar Raja 65 Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis��������������������������������������������������������������������� 1401 Sonal Anchlia Part XVIII  Orthognathic Surgery 66 Diagnosis and Planning in Orthognathic Surgery������������������������������������������������� 1437 Johan P. Reyneke and Carlo Ferretti 67 Surgery-First Orthognathic Approach������������������������������������������������������������������� 1463 N. Viveka Vardhan Reddy and Abhinand Potturi 68 Orthognathic Surgery for Mandible����������������������������������������������������������������������� 1477 Varghese Mani 69 Orthognathic Surgery for the Maxilla-LeFort I and Anterior Maxillary Osteotomy ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1513 Ashok Dabir and Jayesh Vahanwala 70 Facial Asymmetry����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1549 Neelam N. Andrade, Paul Mathai, and Neha Aggarwal 71 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome����������������������������������������������������������������������� 1577 Suresh Menon Part XIX  Developmental Deformities of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region 72 Cleft Lip��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1593 Pritham N. Shetty, Jaideep Singh Chauhan, Mamatha Patil, Neha Aggarwal, and Dipesh Rao 73 Cleft Palate ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1633 P. V. Narayanan and H. S. Adenwalla 74 Alveolar Bone Grafting ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1655 Veerabahu Muthusubramanian and Kalarikkal Mukundan Harish 75 Cleft Maxillary Hypoplasia������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1675 Philip Mathew, Mustafa. K, and Paul Mathai 76 Cleft Rhinoplasty ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1703 Sunil Richardson and Rakshit Vijay Sinai Khandeparker Contents
xii Part XX Craniofacial Anomalies 77 Rare Facial Clefts����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1735 Srinivas Gosla Reddy and Avni Pandey Acharya 78 Hemifacial Microsomia (HFM) and Treacher Collins Syndrome ����������������������� 1769 Manikandhan Ramanathan 79 Modern Management of Craniosynostosis������������������������������������������������������������� 1813 David Koppel and Jaime Grant Part XXI  Malignant Pathologies of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region 80 Premalignant Lesions and Conditions of the Oral Cavity ����������������������������������� 1845 El Mustafa, Sat Parmar, and Prav Praveen 81 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning���������������� 1853 Vijay Deshmukh and Kishore Shekar 82 Principles of Surgical Management of Oral Cancer��������������������������������������������� 1869 Sushma Mehta and Moni Abraham Kuriakose 83 Sarcoma of the Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Region������������������������������������������� 1893 D’ Souza Jacob and Boyapati Raghu 84 Adjunctive Therapy in Oral Cancer����������������������������������������������������������������������� 1903 Amit Dhawan 85 Access Surgeries and Osteotomies for the Maxillofacial Region������������������������� 1915 Madan G. Ethunandan Part XXII  Reconstructive Procedures of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region 86 Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Maxillofacial Region��������������������������������������� 1941 Benjamin Turner, John Collin, and Rui Fernandes 87 Distraction Osteogenesis of the Maxillofacial Region������������������������������������������� 1969 R. S. Neelakandan 88 Hard Tissue Reconstruction of the Maxillofacial Region������������������������������������� 1997 Srinivasa R. Chandra and Vijay Pillai Contents
xiii List of Videos Video 7.1   Demonstrates the technique of blind nasal intubation Video 7.2   Demonstrates the various steps involved in submental intubation Video 11.1  Various intra oral suturing techniques Video 14.1  Surgical removal of impacted lower third molar (Mesio angular) Video 14.2  Surgical removal of impacted lower third molar (Horizontal) Video 14.3  Surgical removal of impacted maxillary third molar Video 15.1  Surgical removal of impacted maxillary canine Video 17.1  Labial Frenectomy Video 17.2  Lingual Frenectomy Video 18.1  Posterior tooth replacement (Implant) Video 18.2  Immediate (Extraction socket) implant placement Video 18.3  Multiple teeth implant placement Video 18.4  Placement of zygoma implant Video 19.1  Chin graft Video 19.2  Placement of zygoma implant Video 24.1  OAF Closure by buccal advancement flap along with Caldwell luc procedure and nasal antrostomy Video 26.1  Ginwala operation Video 27.1  Cyst enucleation (mandible) Video 27.2  Cyst enucleation (maxilla) Video 28.1  Mandibulectomy (marginal) Video 28.2  Mandibulectomy (segmental) Video 30.1  Surgical management (bone recontouring) of fibrous dysplasia Video 32.1  Facial rejuvenation-HIFU Video 33.1  Botox injection for facial wrinkles Video 34.1  Hair transplant—FUE Video 34.2  Hair transplant—FUT Video 35.1  Ear reconstruction Video 38.1 Rhinoplasty Video 46.1  Sialolith-Removal of Sub mandibular calculi Video 46.2  Surgical excision of mucocele Video 46.3  Superficial Parotidectomy Video 47.1  Sialoendoscopy (mandibular) Video 48.1 Tracheostomy Video 50.1  Eyelet wiring technique Video 50.2  Arch bar technique Video 50.3  IMF technique Video 52.1  ORIF of mandibular symphysis fracture Video 53.1  Submandibular incision Video 53.2  Transmassteric approach Video 53.3  Retromandibular approach Video 53.4  Pre auricular incision
xiv Video 53.5  Alkayat bramley incision Video 53.6  Rhytidectomy incision Video 56.1  Gillies temporal approach Video 56.2  Lateral brow incision Video 57.1  Infra-orbital approach for orbital fracture Video 57.2  Trans-conjunctival approach for orbital floor reconstruction with 3D mesh Video 63.1  Level 1 Arthroscopy of TMJ Video 63.2  Level 2 Arthroscopy of TMJ Video 63.3  Level 3 Arthroscopy of TMJ Video 65.1  TMJ ankylosis-interpositional gap arthroplasty Video 68.1  BSSO with bur Video 68.2 BSSO with saw Video 68.3 Genioplasty Video 69.1  Lefort 1 osteotomy Video 69.2  Anterior maxillary osteotomy Video 72.1  Millard rotation advancement repair Video 72.2  Bilateral cleft lip repair Video 73.1  Suspension palatoplasty Video 73.2  Revision palatoplasty Furlow Video 73.3  Partial palatal split palatoplasty Video 75.1  Anterior maxillary distraction Video 75.2  Cleft osteotomy (Lefort 1) Video 76.1  Cleft rhinoplasty Video 81.1  Wide excision of precancerous lesion Video 82.1  Modified radical neck dissection (MRND) Video 87.1  Extra oral mandibular Molina Distractor Video 88.1  Free fibula osteocutaneous flap harvesting List of Videos
xv Contributors Avni  Pandey  Acharya GSR Institute of Cranio-maxillofacial Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India H. S. Adenwalla  Department of Plastic Surgery, Burns and the Charles Pinto Centre for Cleft Lip, Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Neha Aggarwal  Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Meenakshi Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Nisheet  Anant  Agni Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SMBT Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Nashik, India Suman  Ananathanarayana  Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Sonal Anchlia  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Neelam N. Andrade Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Yashoda Ashok  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Prithvi  S.  Bachalli Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Mirza Farhatullah Baig Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Kannan Balaraman  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Rishi  Kumar  Bali Postgraduate Department of OMFS, DAV Dental College Hospital, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India Peter A. Brennan  Maxillofacial Unit, Queen Alexandria Hospital, Portsmouth, UK Srinivasa  R.  Chandra Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Microvascular and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA Jaideep Singh Chauhan  Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, the Smile Train CHL Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xvi Aarti Chowdhary  Department of Periodontology, SD Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India John Collin  DepartmentofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery,UniversityofFlorida,Jacksonville, FL, USA Ashok Dabir  D. Y. Patil University School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India Abhay Datarkar  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Medical College Premises, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Vijay  Deshmukh Deshmukh Institute of Maxillofacial Surgery and Research Centre, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India JIIU’S Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalna, Maharashtra, India Amit  Dhawan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SGRD Dental Institute, Amritsar, India George Dimitroulis Maxillofacial Unit, St. Vincent’s Hospital—University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Vikas  Dhupar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India Supriya Ebenezer  Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland El  Mustafa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK Madan G. Ethunandan Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial/Skull Base Surgeon, Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Lead, Head and Neck Cancer, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK Carlo Ferretti  , Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Rui Fernandes Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery and Microvascular Fellowship, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA Rajasekhar  Gaddipati Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India Divya P. Gadre  Gadre Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India Kiran S. Gadre  Gadre Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India Raja Sekhar Gali  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Medicover Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Kandasamy Ganesan  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southend University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southend-on-Sea, UK University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Jaime Grant  Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK Beat Hammer  CFC Hirslanden Kopf Zentrum, Aarau, Switzerland Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xvii Kalarikkal Mukundan Harish  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Velupillai Ilankovan  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK D’ Souza Jacob  Maxillofacial Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guilford, UK Oommen Aju Jacob  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Rebecca Jacob  DepartmentofAnesthesiology,ColumbiaAsiaReferralHospital,Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Anuj Jain  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India B. S. Jayanth  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, ABMSS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Samson Jimson  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Bobby John Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India Reena  Rachel  John Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vinayaka Mission’s Sankarachariar Dental College and Hospital, VMRF, DU, Salem, India Maj Anson Jose  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ADC RR, New Delhi, India Shyamsundar K. Joshi Department of Radiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India Takahiro Kanno  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan Taranjit Kaur  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India Manal M. Khan  Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, AIIMS Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Rakshit  Vijay  Sinai  Khandeparker Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India Annie  I.  Kochuveettil Department of Radiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India David Koppel  Scottish National Craniofacial Service for Children and Young People, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK Shreya  Krishna Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, India V.  B.  Krishnakumar  Raja Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India B. Krishnan  Department of Dentistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xviii Deepak  G.  Krishnan Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA Balasubramanya  Kumar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Marthas’s Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Vikram Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Vinay  V.  Kumar Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Moni Abraham Kuriakose  Cochin Cancer Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India Paritkumar  Ladani Swiss Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, BSES MG Hospital, Mumbai, India Subramanyam  S.  Mahankali Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Neelima Malik  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences “Deemed to be University”, Karad, Maharashtra, India Varghese Mani  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India Suvy  Manuel Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Renita Maria  Department ofAnesthesiology, ColumbiaAsia Referral Hospital,Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Madhulaxmi  Marimuthu Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Paul Mathai  Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Philip  Mathew Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Sainath Matsa  Praseedha Clinic for Maxillofacial Cosmetic Surgery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Divya  Mehrotra Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India Sushma Mehta  Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Suresh Menon Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Aditya  Moorthy Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Mustafa. K Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Veerabahu Muthusubramanian  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xix Sowjanya Nagamalla  DepartmentofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery,VirginiaCommonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA Sanjiv Nair  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India P. V. Narayanan  Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Jubilee Mission Medical College Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Nasir A. Nasser  Barts London NHS Trust, Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland J.  Naveen  Kumar Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India Kishore Nayak  Bhagvan Jain Mahaveer Hospital, Bangalore, India R. S. Neelakandan  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MeenakshiAmmal Dental College and Hospital, MAHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Rachel S. Oeppen  Consultant Radiologist, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK Arun Kumar Panda  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, SD Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India Elavenil  Panneerselvam Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Orbit Oculoplasty, Aravind Eye Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Shreya  Panwar Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Ananthanarayanan  Parameswaran  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshiammal Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery, Shankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Orbit Oculoplasty, Aravind Eye Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Satyen  Parida Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India Sat  Parmar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK Mamatha Patil  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sparsh Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India George Paul  Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Vijay  Pillai Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Sreedhar Reddy Pothula  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pioneer advanced Hair Transplant Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Abhinand Potturi  SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana State, India Akhilesh  Prathap Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xx Prav  Praveen Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK Boyapati Raghu  Maxillofacial Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guilford, UK Anshul Rai  Department of Dentistry,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Manjunath  Rai Department of OMFS, A.  J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Faculty of Dentistry, RGUHS, Bangalore, India Manikandhan  Ramanathan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, MAHER University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Meenakshi Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Dipesh Rao  Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Latha  P.  Rao Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India Neelam  Rathod Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southend University Hospitals NHS trust, Southend-on-Sea, UK Poornima  Ravi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Srinivas  Gosla  Reddy GSR Institute of Cranio-maxillofacial Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India N. Viveka Vardhan Reddy  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India Shravan Renapurkar  DepartmentofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery,VirginiaCommonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA Christoph Renné  Group Practice for Pathology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany Tara Renton  Oral Surgery, Kings College, London, UK Johan P. Reyneke  Center for Orthognathic Surgery, Mediclinic, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Sunil Richardson Richardson’s Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India Saurabh Saigal  Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India B. Sasikala  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Anna Sayan  Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK Tian Ee Seah  TES Clinic for Face and Jaw, Singapore, Singapore Nallamilli V. S. Sekhar Reddy  Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Anjan Kumar Shah Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajarajeswari Dental College, Bangalore, India Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xxi Garima  Sharma  Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Lt Col Rohit Sharma  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 11 Corps Dental Unit, Jalandhar Cantt, India Kishore  Shekar Head and Neck Surgeon (OMFS), Ninewells Hospital and Dundee, University Medical School, Dundee, UK Pritham  N.  Shetty Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Bangalore Institute of Dental Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Omkar Anand Shetye  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India Sunil  S.  Shroff Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Anand  Shukla Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India Deepti Simon  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India Robert A. Strauss  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA Shintaro Sukegawa  Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan Shikha Tayal Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Medical College Premises, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Mary  Thomas Department of Anesthesiology, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Andreas Thor  Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Asha Thomson  Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norfolk, UK Benjamin  Turner Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA Jayesh Vahanwala  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vaidik Dental College Research Centre, Nani Daman, India Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India George  Varghese Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India Ravi  Veeraraghavan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amrita School of Dentistry, Ernakulam, India Payal Verma  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH, Cincinnati, USA Christian Walter  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Plastic Surgery, Mediplus Clinic Mainz, Mainz, Germany Gary Warburton Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xxii Frank Wilde  Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital, Ulm, Germany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany Abhilasha Yadav  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Awadh Dental College Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India Video Contributors Prithvi  S.  Bachalli Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Ramdas  Balakrishna Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE’s Institute of Dental Science and Research, Bangalore, India Anandh Balasubramanian Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Mohan Baliga Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, MAHE, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Biswajit  Kumar  Biswas Avinash Institute of craniofacial and Reconstructive Surgery, Kolkata, India Lokesh Bhanumurthy  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Rohit  Chandra Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Max Hospitals, Vaishali and Noida, India Jaideep  Singh  Chauhan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CHL Hospitals, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Anil Kumar Desai  Craniofacial Unit, SDM College of Dental Sciences Hospital, Dharwad, India Anjaneya  Dube Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saptarshi Hospital and Cancer Centre, Jabalpur National Hospital, Jabalpur, India Gunjan Dube  Dube Surgical and Dental Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Shehzana Fatima  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE S. Girish Rao  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Shri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Apollo Hospitals, Sagar Hospitals, Trustwell Hospital, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India Charu  Girotra Department of OMFS, School of Dentistry, D.  Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Gaurav  Mahesh  Gupta Centre for Craniomaxillo Facial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Pushpanjali Hospital Research Centre, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India Rebecca Jacob  DepartmentofAnesthesiology,ColumbiaAsiaReferralHospital,Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, India Jagadish Chandra  Department of OMFS,Yenepoya Dental College,Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India Samson  Jimson Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College Hospital, Chennai, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xxiii Adarsh Kudva  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mahe University, Manipal, India Deepak  Kulkarni Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr D Y Patil Dental College, Pune, India Balasubramanya Kumar  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Vikram Hospital, Bangalore, India Paritkumar  Ladani Swiss Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, BSES MG Hospital, Mumbai, India Ummar Mangalath Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India Philip  Mathew Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala, India Sainath Matsa  Praseedha Clinic for Maxillofacial Cosmetic Surgery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Aditya  Moorthy Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Ravindran  Nair Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India Anuradha Navaneetham Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M R Ambedkar Dental College, Rajiv Gandhi University, Bangalore, India Nilesh Pagaria  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Shrikrishna Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India Arun Kumar Panda  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, SD Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India Ananthanarayanan  Parameswaran  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Nehal Patel  NuFace Maxillofacial Hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India Kavitha  Prasad Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India Satish  Kumaran  Pugazhendi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.  R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bangalore, India Gunaseelan Rajan  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Rajan Dental Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Rajasekhar  Gaddipati Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India Sushmitha  Rajmohan Department of Dentistry Maxillofacial Surgery, ESIC Model Hospital, Indore, India Aasya the Clinic for Face Jaws Teeth, Vijaynagar, Indore, MP, India Vidya Rattan  UnitofOralMaxillofacialSurgery,OralHealthSciencesCentre,Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education Research, Chandigarh, India Pothula Sreedhar Reddy  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, PioneerAdvanced Hair Transplant Center, Bangalore, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xxiv Sunil Richardson Richardson’s Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India Senthil Murugan  Department of Oncology Reconstructive Microsurgery, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India DWIJAN Microsurgery Research Training Centre, Chennai, India Navin  Shah  Sunderlal Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KM Shah Dental College, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, A Central deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Yeshaswini  Thelekkat Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research Kollam, Kollam, Kerala, India Joji Thomas  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cosmopolitan Hospital Pvt Ltd, Trivandrum, Kerala, India P. Varun Menon  The Charles Pinto Centre for Cleft Lip, Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Jubilee Mission, Medical College Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Sankar Vinod Vichattu  DepartmentofOMFS,MarBaseliousDentalCollege,Kotamangalam, Kerala, India B.  Vikraman Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Gary  Warburton Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
xxv Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya  did his postgraduate dental studies from Mangalore University, and then he obtained his MBBS from Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. He is also a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland. He is currently the project director of Smile Train Project treating cleft lip and palate deformities at Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore. He also holds the position of professor of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, which involves undergradu- ate and postgraduate training and the routine mix of maxillofacial surgical management. He is the editor in chief emeritus of the Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery and has numerous publications to his credit. Elavenil  Panneerselvam  completed her postgraduation in oral and maxillofacial surgery from the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Government Medical University, Chennai, India. She also has a master’s degree in business administration, specializing in hospital management, fellow- ship in Aesthetic Medicine and has been awarded Fellowship in Dental Surgery by the Royal College of Physicians Surgeons of Glasgow. She has contributed to textbooks on oral anat- omy, local anesthesia, plastic surgery, and pediatric TMJ surgery. Presently, she holds a faculty position at the SRM Dental College (Ramapuram), Chennai, as associate professor in oral and axillofacial surgery. She is a recipient of the MM Cooper Memorial Research Award from the Indian Society for Anatomists and the Ginwalla Trophy from the Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgeons of India. Suvy  Manuel  after his postgraduation from Government Dental College, Trivandrum, University of Kerala, in 2002, gained the Diplomate of National Board in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Membership from the National Academy of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; and Diploma of Membership in Oral surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. During his tenure in the UK, he attained the Membership of the Faculty of Dental Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, England. Subsequently, he attained the Fellowship in Dental Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. He is the MOMS RCSEd (Diploma of Membership in Oral Surgery) Examiner for the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in the Faculty of Dental Examiners, as appointed by the Dental Examinations Committee, RCS Edinburgh. He is former professor and postgraduate guide at the Kerala University of Health Sciences and is a reviewer for the Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. Currently, he is attached to the maxillofacial units at Ananthapuri and KIMS Hospitals, Trivandrum, India. About the Editors
xxvi Vinay V. Kumar  completed his master’s in oral and maxillofacial surgery from Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India, in 2008. He was an ITI Scholar in the Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery in Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, Germany, in 2010, where he went on to complete his Doctorate of Medicine in Dentistry (2013), obtain a practicing license, and served as a visiting faculty. He completed the MD and PhD program at the University of Medicine, Rostock, Germany in 2018. He is currently a Specialist Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon in the Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden. Anshul Rai  is an Associate Professor in Department of Dentistry at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, MP. He has 54 publications to his credit out of which 24 belong to prestigious international journals. He has contributed as a coauthor to Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery by Dr. Borle. He is a Fellow of Indian Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (FIBOMS) and a fellow of the International Board for the Certification of Specialists in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (FIBCSOMS). He is a reviewer for Journal of Maxillofacial and oral surgery and Indian Journal of Dental Research. Jimson Samson  completed his postgraduate studies at the prestigious the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Since completing his MDS, he has been in academics. He is a journal reviewer and also a section editor. He has lectured at various national and inter- national conferences. He was also a faculty at OMFS workshops. His special interest in research has made him Vice-Principal—Research at Tagore Dental College Hospital, Chennai. In addition, he also heads the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. He has published in indexed journals. He is now the Hon. State Secretary of the Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry Branch. He is also an elected member of the Executive Committee of the National Association. He is a member of the Board of Studies for Postgraduate Studies of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Nehal  Patel  completed his master’s in oral and maxillofacial surgery from A.B.  Shetty Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. He did his fellowship in Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery from Mangalore. He did his mini residency in TMJ Arthroscopy and Total Joint replacement from the USA. He worked as consultant cleft and craniofacial surgeon in BSES MG Hospital. He is currently working as Director, ABMSS CLEFT PROJECT in Surat, Gujarat. About the Editors
Part I Introduction
3 © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2021 K. Bonanthaya et al. (eds.), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going? Kishore Nayak 1.1 History of Our Missions and Our Challenges Any discussion about the history of surgery inevitably begins with an invariable reference to Suśruta and his contributions to facial surgery, in particular. While the contributions of the sixth-century sage surgeon may somewhat be nebulous in a foggy poorly documented history, they are inevitably (and arguably) numerous but need not be elaborated here in any manner. What is lesser known and not often spoken about is that Suśruta considered surgery the first and foremost branch of medicine and stated, “Surgery has the superior advantage of producing instantaneous effects by means of surgical instruments and appliances. Hence, it is the highest in value of all the medical tantras. It is eternal and a source of infinite piety, imports fame and opens the gates of Heaven to its vota- ries. It prolongs the duration of human existence on earth and helps men in successfully fulfilling their missions and earn- ing a decent competence in life.” [1, 2] When applied specifically to the context of the specialty of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery (OMS) emerging in India, it raises many important questions on how we have emerged and more importantly what we see ourselves evolving into in the years to come. Perhaps all those debates that we labored along numerous times were all a part of our coming of age! Like elsewhere in the world, in the mid-twentieth century, we were probably practitioners of dentoalveolar surgery working under very trying circumstances moving on to where we are today. The specialty in India today, is truly all encompassing in its scope. It embraces the entire and extended spectrum of the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and as the Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India (AOMSI) approaches its 50th year in 2019, there is no better time to look back and reflect on the past and contemplate where we are heading. The changes that we have witnessed have been rapid and hopefully pro- gressive. From being oral surgeons, we transitioned and added maxillofacial surgery and to our quiver and perhaps to the chagrin competing specialties treaded into areas, once considered “gray” and broadened the scope of our practices. Mino S Ginwalla is regarded as the pioneer of oral and maxillofacial surgery in India. In the 1950s, Dr. Ginwalla arrived in Mumbai following surgical training in Montreal, Canada, and set up his practice at Nair Hospital. He was a part of the founding group of surgeons of the AOMSI in 1969. By the mid-70s, training programs were established in most of the major dental colleges throughout India. Today, there are numerous OMS training programs in India. The dental qualified persons are governed by the statutes of the Dental Council of India [3]. Currently, the Dental Council of India provides for a comprehensive 3-year pro- gram that includes a syllabus and curriculum that exposes trainees to standard procedures covering the full spectrum of oral and maxillofacial surgery [4]. This provides a legal framework for the OMS to function. This qualification itself is only permission to practice the specialty. In today’s sys- tem, competence and eventual ownership of key surgical domains often only come from structured post-qualification training. Thus, traditionally, the specialty in India continues to be predominately a dental subspecialty that leans toward the idea of a surgical branch of dentistry. While many arguments have been made for and against the need for a medical degree to augment the specialty, it is safe to postulate that for the near future, we will remain a dental specialty for a variety of reasons. North Americans seem to have found a middle ground and of the 101 OMS training programs in the US, 55 are single-degree programs (dental degree only) and 43 are dual-degree (dental and medical) programs, and three offer both options. Drawing comparisons to the international scenario, the specialty has always been on a pendulous path remaining undecided on the idea of whether it wants to stay a dental 1 K. Nayak (*) Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India
4 specialty or whether it wants to incorporate the medical degree. In the USA where this trend initially started, the practice of the specialty is protected by national, regional, and local legislature as a dental specialty. In reality, there is no perceivable practical difference in the scope of practice between single- or double-degree practitioners in the States. In the UK and many parts of Europe, the specialty has taken leaps and bounds toward the medical path of training and it could very well be only a matter of time before the Specialty remains only remotely associated with Dentistry. The pri- mary challenge was a lack of understanding, which centered on the debate of whether a medical as well as a dental quali- fication was required prior to surgical training [5]. Oral and maxillofacial surgery remains a specialty of den- tistry in India and most training programs involve a graduate study and thesis to obtain the Masters in Dental Surgery (MDS) degree. The dental practice act allows all qualified dentally trained oral and maxillofacial surgeons to practice the unrestricted and full scope of the specialty, similar to what occurs in the European nations that require a medical degree. In most of Europe, OMS has become a medical subspecialty. Public perception of the scope of practice of the specialty remains below par. The specialty gets confused with other surgical domains within both dentistry and medicine that we share a scope. 1.2 Expertise, Familiarity, and Competence “Innovation is the combination of different ideas and contri- bution of the different minds.” Laskin [6] attempts to address this problem by dividing the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery into three parts: areas of expertise, competence, and familiarity. • Areas of expertise include oral pathology/oral medicine, dentoalveolar surgery, preprosthetic surgery (including implantology), and maxillofacial traumatology. • Areas of competence involve orthognathic surgery, tem- poromandibular joint surgery, and local reconstructive surgery. • Areas of familiarity are cleft lip and palate surgery, regional reconstructive surgery, oncologic surgery, cra- niofacial surgery, and cosmetic surgery. Laskin’s system of classification, while seemingly appear- ing comprehensive, opens itself to a lot of debate and ques- tion. While there is no doubt that the areas of “expertise” are unique to our specialty, it is our foray into those areas of competence and familiarity that has led to the expansion of the scope of our specialty. This expansion and contraction of our scope may also be fundamental to continual evolution. A large majority of our colleagues in India and worldwide operate within the boundaries of that scope of practice defined as “expertise.” However, to turn areas of familiarity into competence and expertise will require that the training units and staff have the required skills and volume of cases to ensure hands-on experience and documentation. Only under these circumstances can we be assured that the skill sets and competencies will be transferred and become enduring. It is ideal that all trainees are trained to achieve compe- tence in craniomaxillofacial trauma, orthognathic surgery, and TMJ surgery (i.e., maxillofacial surgery). This and only this can provide the transition from Oral to Maxillofacial sur- gery. There, however, is a clear and present reality that not all training programs are equipped to achieve this goal. Even though training standards and syllabi exist, these standards are so broad that even programs with a very limited scope of training will meet accreditation standards by reporting a nar- row set of hospital-based procedures that are not representa- tive of the scope of practice required of modern OMS. Further, the interest of the trainee in training in the full scope of sur- gery is a factor that leads to mediocre training. The system of choosing a postgraduate training in OMS in India is severely handicapped and primitive. The factors that decide a train- ee’s choice of an advanced training program have nothing to do with their aptitude or interest in a specialty. It is purely based on their standing in a national entrance examination or their affordability of a position in a private institution. This leads to complete neglect of the student’s natural aptitudes leading to prosthodontists becoming orthodontists and endo- dontists doomed into the world of oral and maxillofacial sur- gery. A disinterested trainee will be barely motivated to improve the scope of their practice following completion of their training, often limiting their practice to general den- tistry and minimal indulgence in areas of “expertise.” Bell [7], when contemplating the future of education and training in the specialty, raises some very valid concerns, which seem to reflect the issues that affect the specialty and its future worldwide. Many reasons for the training dispari- ties exist today—including training program location, the presence or absence of a trauma center, limited head and neck surgery experience, and local politics—but regardless, the goal should be the same: to train oral and maxillofacial surgeons to competence in the core areas of the specialty that they will eventually practice. The key point is that we, as a specialty, should ensure that we train to competence and expertise based on geo- graphic location, years in practice, fellowship training, and academic involvement. In years past, if an OMS graduate wished to obtain training in any areas beyond basics, then he or she often sought it outside of the specialty, in either oto- K. Nayak
5 laryngology or plastic surgery. With the emergence of sev- eral teaching hospitals and colleges as well as standalone independent centers of excellence, this scenario has drasti- cally transformed in India. Further, the development of a number of fellowships that have been facilitated by the AOMSI has resulted in a robust system within the specialty that caters to the trainee’s desire, merit, and quite often desire to embrace technique and technology. The rapid and natural advent of OMS into areas of oncology and recon- struction, cleft lip and palate, craniofacial surgery, and aes- thetic surgery has been unprecedented and the critical mass of those who now fit in comfortably with these are their areas of expertise is on the rise. This has been a radical transformation. A few decades ago, wandering beyond the realms of dentoalveolar surgery and facial trauma inevitably encountered a glass ceiling. Today this has been most certainly breached. Moreover, while the majority of the specialty holds itself within the original areas of expertise, there is no doubt that the Big Bang Moment for OMS in India has happened and it is a great time to contemplate where we are heading. What does the future hold for the specialty as we drift on our very own Starship Enterprise? 1.3 Predicting the Future “Look back over the past, with its changing empires that rose and fell, and you can foresee the future, too.” Marcus Aurelius. Are we truly at a threshold or are we pieces in some con- tinuum? What factors will drive our evolution as a specialty in India and our extended regions? What trends can we pre- dictably follow to predict our future? Can we perhaps take a page from other fields in medicine to learn about ourselves? Will changing attitudes and aptitude of a new generation have a powerful impact on our profession or will we forever remain loyal to the vestiges of the legacy left behind for us? Technology will undoubtedly play an important role in our future. Not just technology in patient care, but technol- ogy in our lives. Telemedicine and teleconsults will become a part of our everyday practice allowing us to practice beyond geographic limitations. Teleconferencing will make biannual AOMSI face-to-face conferences obsolete. In 2018, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) simulcasted their Dental Implant Conference, as did the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Their experi- ence is that the while their total registration at these meetings went up, the number of in-person registrants did not dissi- pate. Consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeons all over the world have embraced telemedicine naturally, whether they realized it or not. Mobile technology allows the transfer of patient images and radiographs easily both for opinions and treatment planning. Such ease of access to patient images and documents has become a routine tool in emergency room triages of patients in the evaluation of the priority of care. While technology in its current form is often perceived, as interruptive to one’s lifestyle choices, the advent and immer- sion of artificial intelligence (AI) will make today’s technol- ogy ubiquitous without being intrusive. Operating theaters of the future are likely to be guarded by artificial intelligence. Imagine an operating theater that prepares itself based on the radiofrequency identification (RFID) of the surgeon who swipes her/his badge at the door—that surgeon’s preference cards get read by the system and a central core will prepare the instruments and supplies based on that surgeon’s choices for that particular case booked for him. Anesthesiology, radiology, and pathology are low-­ hanging fruits in the AI world. Radiologists in large tertiary-­ care centers in China, today, do not read radiographs anymore; they simply look at false positives read the previ- ous night by their AI system. The system then learns from such mistakes and makes corrections forever. Computer sys- tems today have the capacity of a thousand human brains to process data. The more data we feed these AI systems, the smarter they get. Google’s AI product called LYNA or LymphNode Assistant is a trained algorithm that is capable of spotting the features of tumors that have metastasized, which are notoriously difficult to detect. Self-teaching algo- rithm systems will likely replace monitoring duties of the anesthesiologists and critical care nurses in the hospital. Surgical robots are also constantly evolving incorporating precision haptics and AI. Robotic arms can already perform tasks independent of a surgeon yielding it. Imperfections and errors that a surgeon may cause in an operation are avoided in robotic surgery by consistent movements, angles, and access that can only be achieved by that robot. Imagine a robotic arm that can be programed to remove a mesioangular impacted mandibular third molar? The robot surgeon can assess the angulation of the impacted tooth based on the patient’s radiograph, adjust its angulation and access, make a buccal trough, and split the tooth precisely. Less error and more precision, perhaps? The day is not far before a robotic arm can obtain a tissue sample from our patients at a mall kiosk. Algorithms can then diagnose that tissue and their radiographs distancing the patient further away from the conventional practice of medi- cine. What is the future of our practices and our education in these scenarios? A well-informed patient with access to information and technology may surpass the traditional med- icine man for their healthcare. Direct to consumer marketing of healthcare tools such as genetic testing is already preva- lent in many countries. Several patients are aware of which chemotherapy may be best effective for the management of 1  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?
6 their cancers even before they see their doctor, today. Where does that place a specialist in the future? In a keynote address at the Royal College of Surgeons in London at the 50th anniversary of the IAOMS, Brian Schmidt DDS, MD, PhD, Director, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, and Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at New  York University pondered about the future of OMS internationally. He emphasized three units of care that oral and maxillofacial surgeons provide universally— 1. Management of maxillofacial trauma. 2. Management of oral cancer. 3. Management of craniofacial anomalies. His views suggested that the advent of seatbelts, airbags, and safer road conditions in most countries is diminishing our total volume of trauma. Further, patterns of wars have changed from the bayonets of World War I to drone-­ controlled annihilation that ensures death! While bar fights and interpersonal violence continue to create left-sided ZMC and mandibular fractures, the world of facial trauma is most certainly changing. He recognized examples of how personalized medicine is influencing the care of cancer patients. With our ability to map genomes and mutations, our ability to interpret cancer biology has had a meteoric rise even in the last decade. This leads to personalizing management via either chemotherapy or radiotherapy with predictable success making most can- cers chronically manageable diseases rather than a death sen- tence. The future of personalized medicine will most likely put the cancer surgeon out of an occupation. He introduced a study that demonstrated how a serendipi- tous finding in mice with Treacher-Collin’s syndrome treated for endometrial cancer with a chemotherapeutic agent knocked out the gene causing the craniofacial anomaly in the following generation. This suggested that we could poten- tially be looking at gene therapy for craniofacial anomalies, including cleft lip and palate. Schmidt’s observations and predictions suggest that the diseases and conditions that are the mainstay to our profes- sion will alter significantly in the future. Laboratories in Boston are very close to creating a template stem cells con- struct that will replace dental implants with naturally grown teeth. A dental caries vaccine is pending worldwide use. How will these fundamental changes alter the practice of our specialty in the future? Super specialization within the specialty is bound to hap- pen. Attendees of the annual sessions of the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons will be struck by the design of the sessions. There are sessions designed for oral surgeons, implantologists, educators, deformities surgeons, ablative surgeons, and separately for reconstructive surgeons, as there are for minimally invasive surgery, aesthetic surgeons, and lab research. Larger sister specialties like ENT-Otolaryngology have also separated themselves into subspecialties. In the US, Pediatric otolaryn- gology, head and neck Surgery, facial plastic surgery, otol- ogy, skull-based surgery and surgery for sleep disorders are all recognized subspecialties within ENT in the US, for which fellowship training is offered. The pediatric otolaryn- gologist who specializes in airway surgery is unlikely to attend a conference organized for the otologists. Similarly, domains within oral and maxillofacial surgery are already starting to branch out into subspecialty pods and practices are being limited to the practice of such sub- specialties. That focus on a specific area within the spe- cialty is also likely to be influenced by reimbursement for services. The subspecialties that rake in more money for the provider will thrive quicker and heftier than the latter. Changes in reimbursement strategies by hospitals will also evolve in this equation. For instance, in the US, where a large third-party payer system exists, clinical production for a practitioner is often not measured in actual dollars, but in revenue value units (RVUs). Complex longer cases like a head and neck disease ablation and reconstruction may not be related to a large reimbursement of dollars for the sur- gery alone; but the fact that the operating facility was used for several hours with the utilization of other resources such as nursing care, critical care, specialists like physical therapists, speech therapists, nutritionists, and a follow-up rehabilitation facility, all add up value to the health system ensuring reimbursement. While this model seems to be working for now, the prac- tice of medicine in the future unfortunately will be largely devised by the market and economics. The educational debt for training our future generation is getting out of hand. In a world where access to information is undoubtedly easier, the cost of a formal education is skyrocketing. Alternate models of education may arise disrupting this traditional model. Apprenticeships of the Osler era may be aft. Centers of excellence are likely to develop that allows a pathway of nontraditional training to an interested and talented trainee. Validation agencies like the International Board of Certification of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IBSCOMS) will have a bigger role in providing bonafide certification outside of the current commercialized and often-diluted edu- cation system. The millennial and the gen Z student will also play a large role in the evolution of the specialty. Today’s trainee learns differently, synthesizes information differently. They grew up on smartphones and Google searches and not in libraries or poring over Encyclopedia Britannica. They are visual learners with a panache for hand-eye coordination. They are multitaskers. No doubt that there will exist friction between a generation of older teachers and this generation of learners. And, that too will only be momentary. The new trainee is K. Nayak
7 focused on lifestyle choices and is not unabatingly focused on education and patient care. The new trainee values life outside of work just as much as work. This will bring a new kind of diversity to the workplace. To make things worse, they will be treating a generation of aging patients who are used to a different kind of doctor from their times. The aver- age patient is older and healthier and has demands that may have been considered unreasonable at one time. They are likely to be tech-savvy themselves. They will seek many opinions before they commit to the recommendations of their provider. They are likely to choose a surgeon based on the reviews on social media and the internet. Globalization of the medical industry and technology means that they might be willing to travel to have the same procedure and product used elsewhere than their hometown hospital. Surgeons are working longer than they ever did as well. What impact does that have in a crowded marketplace? Will aging populations of patients and surgeons see an impact on the way we work? Will longevity and increased career years keep the younger ambitious surgeon from getting to the top? The retirement age of surgeons differs all over the world. Surgery is mentally and physically demanding. What effects does that chronic stress have on both the cognitive and physi- cal decline in surgeons? Bhatt et al. did a narrative review on the topics of “ageing” and “surgeon” in Medline in 2016 [8]. They could not find any common ground in these studies. A surgeon who has to hang up his knife at 40 because of severe carpal tunnel in his hands is very different from one that has excellent physical health but severe cognitive decline. The variables were too many for them to consider any consensus on their research question—“when should surgeons retire?” They concluded that,” Competence should be assessed at an individual level, focusing on functional ability over chrono- logical age; this should inform retirement policies for surgeons.” OMS is like no other branch of medicine or dentistry. It has innovated, expanded, and usurped. It has replicated the old kingdoms, which created vast expanses as it rolled along. Eventually though, experience tells us that it can collapse under its own weight and might. As we look into the future, we must not ignore our past. Empires end for two reasons… problems from within and failure to protect their borders. As for empires, so for OMS. Our mistakes and pettiness must be acknowledged, accounted for, and learned so as not to repeat them. We might have the ability as a specialty to control most of our destiny, but some of it may be adapted based on our envi- ronments. At the end of it all, if the specialty takes heed of three fundamental principles—patient care, education, and meaningful research, we will continue to justify our exis- tence in the future. References 1. Suśruta Samhita. English translation by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna, Calcutta, 1907, Chapter 16, 152–154. 2. Raju VK.  Suśruta of ancient India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2003;51:119–22. 3. Paul G. The future of maxillofacial surgery as a specialty of den- tistry. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2017;16(1):1–2. Published online 2017 Jan 16. 4. Revised 2007 regulation of the Dental Council of India, Gazette of India Extraordinary No DE 22–2007, Government of India, dated 20th November 2007, pp 56–68. 5. Nayak K. Oral and maxillofacial surgery: It’s future as a specialty. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2011;10(4):281–2. 6. Laskin M. The past, present, and future of oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66:1037–40. 7. Bryan Bell R. Infinite cornucopia: the future of education and train- ing in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016;121(5):447–9. 8. Bhatt NR, Morris M, O’Neil A, Gillis A, Ridgway PF. When should surgeons retire? Br J Surg. 2016;103(1):35–42. Open Access  This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropri- ate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statu- tory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 1  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?
Part II Preoperative Assessment and Patient Preparation/Optimization
11 © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2021 K. Bonanthaya et al. (eds.), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_2 Preoperative Evaluation and Investigations for Maxillofacial Surgery B. Krishnan and Satyen Parida 2.1 Introduction A meticulous preoperative evaluation with the intention of identifying modifiable clinical conditions and understanding the risk stratification is imperative for all patients being sub- jected to any invasive procedure, inclusive of oral and maxil- lofacial surgery. Preoperative evaluation of such patients would of course differ, often dictated by age and the overall health condition that they present with. The choice of anes- thesia may vary depending on the surgical procedure intended: general anesthesia, conscious sedation, regional blocks, local anesthesia, or various combinations of all of these. The current chapter focuses on the preoperative evalu- ation of patients posted for maxillofacial surgery under a general anesthetic in a formal operating room setting. Nevertheless, it is essential to realize that a preoperative evaluation is more or less standardized, irrespective of the type of surgery and practice (office-based dentoalveolar sur- gery, trauma, orthognathic surgery, elective esthetic surgery, craniofacial surgery, etc.) and anesthesia being planned. The goals of preoperative evaluation are summarized in Fig. 2.1 [1]. The intention is to minimize perioperative morbidity and mortality, to the best possible extent. The major step toward this goal requires the surgeon to be conscientiously aware of the general condition and clinical state of the patient so that in the eventuality of a critical event, he can intervene effec- tively and pertinently. This would involve modifying and customization of the patient’s overall management to ensure that perioperative adverse events are avoided. 2.2 Preoperative Evaluation The process of preoperative evaluation often begins with a standard history-taking and physical examination for the particular patient. A detailed history of prior medical prob- lems, any previous surgical procedures, family, personal, and social history, any chronic medications and allergies or addictions needs to be obtained. In addition, it is worthwhile obtaining details about the patient’s family physician if any, whether he has health insurance, the employer’s details if the patient is employed, contact details of relatives, and any other information that may be deemed appropriate. The max- illofacial surgeon has to judge how the medical problems of the patient will affect perioperative care, and conversely, how perioperative events would influence the management of the patient’s medical conditions. The patient’s comorbidi- ties could result in a significant physiologic decompensation due to myriad factors such as stress of the surgical proce- dure, original goals of the surgical intervention not being adequately met, and potential interactions between the regu- lar medications that a patient may be on or with drugs that may be required to be instituted as part of the perioperative protocol. The maxillofacial surgeon should, therefore, be cognizant of what could possibly go wrong, and how those situations could be remedied. Also, it is critical that the sur- geon be aware of all the medications (antidiabetic drugs, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, etc.) and medical comorbidities (cardiopulmonary, central nervous system, hepatic and renal disease, etc.) that the patient may be exposed to that could threaten the safe performance of the surgical procedure and have an adverse impact during the postoperative period. It is essential that every member of the perioperative team must be able to perform an independent assessment of the patient. This does not imply being ignorant of the other person’s assessment since information needs to be shared by all com- ponents of the team, but each member should have his own way of assimilating such information by adding to it by his own independent assessment. This is important because 2 B. Krishnan (*) Department of Dentistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India S. Parida Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf

Recommended

Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015.pdf
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015.pdfKhurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015.pdf
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015.pdfMohammadABawtag
 
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015 .
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015 .Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015 .
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015 .Mohammad Bawtag
 
Dr Aloy J Mukherjee Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Delhi NCR, Best Surgeon in A...
Dr Aloy J Mukherjee Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Delhi NCR, Best Surgeon in A...Dr Aloy J Mukherjee Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Delhi NCR, Best Surgeon in A...
Dr Aloy J Mukherjee Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Delhi NCR, Best Surgeon in A...dfadsf4
 
Essentials of clinical periodontology and periodontics
Essentials of clinical periodontology and periodonticsEssentials of clinical periodontology and periodontics
Essentials of clinical periodontology and periodonticsDr.Jaffar Raza BDS
 
ReviewofSurgery
ReviewofSurgeryReviewofSurgery
ReviewofSurgeryKrishna Adit Agarwal
 
dhingra-ent.pdf
dhingra-ent.pdfdhingra-ent.pdf
dhingra-ent.pdfPavanV50
 
B.K.B. Berkovitz_ G R Holland_ Bernard J Moxham - Oral Anatomy, Histology and...
B.K.B. Berkovitz_ G R Holland_ Bernard J Moxham - Oral Anatomy, Histology and...B.K.B. Berkovitz_ G R Holland_ Bernard J Moxham - Oral Anatomy, Histology and...
B.K.B. Berkovitz_ G R Holland_ Bernard J Moxham - Oral Anatomy, Histology and...saeedkhantareen33
 
Manual of local anesthesia in dentistry, 2 e (2010) [pdf][unitedvrg]
Manual of local anesthesia in dentistry, 2 e (2010) [pdf][unitedvrg]Manual of local anesthesia in dentistry, 2 e (2010) [pdf][unitedvrg]
Manual of local anesthesia in dentistry, 2 e (2010) [pdf][unitedvrg]Simona Belu
 

Recommended

Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015.pdf
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015.pdfKhurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015.pdf
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015.pdfMohammadABawtag
 
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015 .
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015 .Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015 .
Khurana Review of Ophthalmology 2015 .Mohammad Bawtag
 
Dr Aloy J Mukherjee Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Delhi NCR, Best Surgeon in A...
Dr Aloy J Mukherjee Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Delhi NCR, Best Surgeon in A...Dr Aloy J Mukherjee Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Delhi NCR, Best Surgeon in A...
Dr Aloy J Mukherjee Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Delhi NCR, Best Surgeon in A...dfadsf4
 
Essentials of clinical periodontology and periodontics
Essentials of clinical periodontology and periodonticsEssentials of clinical periodontology and periodontics
Essentials of clinical periodontology and periodonticsDr.Jaffar Raza BDS
 
ReviewofSurgery
ReviewofSurgeryReviewofSurgery
ReviewofSurgeryKrishna Adit Agarwal
 
dhingra-ent.pdf
dhingra-ent.pdfdhingra-ent.pdf
dhingra-ent.pdfPavanV50
 
B.K.B. Berkovitz_ G R Holland_ Bernard J Moxham - Oral Anatomy, Histology and...
B.K.B. Berkovitz_ G R Holland_ Bernard J Moxham - Oral Anatomy, Histology and...B.K.B. Berkovitz_ G R Holland_ Bernard J Moxham - Oral Anatomy, Histology and...
B.K.B. Berkovitz_ G R Holland_ Bernard J Moxham - Oral Anatomy, Histology and...saeedkhantareen33
 
Manual of local anesthesia in dentistry, 2 e (2010) [pdf][unitedvrg]
Manual of local anesthesia in dentistry, 2 e (2010) [pdf][unitedvrg]Manual of local anesthesia in dentistry, 2 e (2010) [pdf][unitedvrg]
Manual of local anesthesia in dentistry, 2 e (2010) [pdf][unitedvrg]Simona Belu
 
5th book Suction & Retractors in OMFS.pdf
5th book Suction & Retractors in OMFS.pdf5th book Suction & Retractors in OMFS.pdf
5th book Suction & Retractors in OMFS.pdfCLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 
5th book suction & retractors in omfs
5th book suction & retractors in omfs5th book suction & retractors in omfs
5th book suction & retractors in omfsCLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 
20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry
20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry
20150425-26 Advances in Implant DentistryKei Lim
 
Anesthesia in day care surgery
Anesthesia in day care surgeryAnesthesia in day care surgery
Anesthesia in day care surgerymostafa hegazy
 
Microbiology.pdf
Microbiology.pdfMicrobiology.pdf
Microbiology.pdfopanovic
 
FOGSI FOCUS Endometriosis
FOGSI FOCUS EndometriosisFOGSI FOCUS Endometriosis
FOGSI FOCUS EndometriosisNARENDRA MALHOTRA
 
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdf
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdfOrthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdf
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdfSaicharitha15
 
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)A.gabar Alsamani
 
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014isakakinada
 
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcers
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcersAssesment and management of venous leg ulcers
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcersGNEAUPP.
 
oral medicine and radiology.PDF
oral medicine and radiology.PDForal medicine and radiology.PDF
oral medicine and radiology.PDFKaterineRiquelme3
 
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for Caregivers
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for CaregiversQurhealth webinar - Caring for Caregivers
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for CaregiversSwetha Srihari
 
4th Book- Mixed Dentistion Space Analysis.pdf
4th Book- Mixed Dentistion Space Analysis.pdf4th Book- Mixed Dentistion Space Analysis.pdf
4th Book- Mixed Dentistion Space Analysis.pdfCLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 
4th book mixed dentition space analysis
4th book mixed dentition space analysis4th book mixed dentition space analysis
4th book mixed dentition space analysisCLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 
5_6319057530018333794_230912_135008.pdf
5_6319057530018333794_230912_135008.pdf5_6319057530018333794_230912_135008.pdf
5_6319057530018333794_230912_135008.pdfAnderson Macena de Araujo
 
Attachment 1424531079729 resume-1
Attachment 1424531079729 resume-1Attachment 1424531079729 resume-1
Attachment 1424531079729 resume-1International Commision of Deplomatic Relation Human Rights & Peace (ICDRHRP)
 
4 5911393794221147857
4 59113937942211478574 5911393794221147857
4 5911393794221147857RamonaPaula3
 
India Today Magazine PDF.pdf
India Today Magazine PDF.pdfIndia Today Magazine PDF.pdf
India Today Magazine PDF.pdfPrabhaPrajapat
 
India Today PDF1 (1).pdf
India Today PDF1 (1).pdfIndia Today PDF1 (1).pdf
India Today PDF1 (1).pdfDigimediaToday
 
India Today PDF1.pdf
India Today PDF1.pdfIndia Today PDF1.pdf
India Today PDF1.pdfMosin Shaikh
 
Publication- acknowledgement- IJSCR.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement- IJSCR.pdfPublication- acknowledgement- IJSCR.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement- IJSCR.pdfCLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 
w&p.pdf
w&p.pdfw&p.pdf
w&p.pdfCLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 

More Related Content

Similar to Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf

20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry
20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry
20150425-26 Advances in Implant DentistryKei Lim
 
Anesthesia in day care surgery
Anesthesia in day care surgeryAnesthesia in day care surgery
Anesthesia in day care surgerymostafa hegazy
 
Microbiology.pdf
Microbiology.pdfMicrobiology.pdf
Microbiology.pdfopanovic
 
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdf
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdfOrthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdf
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdfSaicharitha15
 
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)A.gabar Alsamani
 
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014isakakinada
 
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcers
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcersAssesment and management of venous leg ulcers
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcersGNEAUPP.
 
oral medicine and radiology.PDF
oral medicine and radiology.PDForal medicine and radiology.PDF
oral medicine and radiology.PDFKaterineRiquelme3
 
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for Caregivers
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for CaregiversQurhealth webinar - Caring for Caregivers
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for CaregiversSwetha Srihari
 
4 5911393794221147857
4 59113937942211478574 5911393794221147857
4 5911393794221147857RamonaPaula3
 
India Today Magazine PDF.pdf
India Today Magazine PDF.pdfIndia Today Magazine PDF.pdf
India Today Magazine PDF.pdfPrabhaPrajapat
 
India Today PDF1 (1).pdf
India Today PDF1 (1).pdfIndia Today PDF1 (1).pdf
India Today PDF1 (1).pdfDigimediaToday
 
India Today PDF1.pdf
India Today PDF1.pdfIndia Today PDF1.pdf
India Today PDF1.pdfMosin Shaikh
 

Similar to Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf (20)

5th book Suction & Retractors in OMFS.pdf
5th book Suction & Retractors in OMFS.pdf5th book Suction & Retractors in OMFS.pdf
5th book Suction & Retractors in OMFS.pdf
 
5th book suction & retractors in omfs
5th book suction & retractors in omfs5th book suction & retractors in omfs
5th book suction & retractors in omfs
 
20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry
20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry
20150425-26 Advances in Implant Dentistry
 
Anesthesia in day care surgery
Anesthesia in day care surgeryAnesthesia in day care surgery
Anesthesia in day care surgery
 
Microbiology.pdf
Microbiology.pdfMicrobiology.pdf
Microbiology.pdf
 
FOGSI FOCUS Endometriosis
FOGSI FOCUS EndometriosisFOGSI FOCUS Endometriosis
FOGSI FOCUS Endometriosis
 
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdf
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdfOrthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdf
Orthopedics Maheshwari 5th edition.pdf
 
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)
Overview of maxillofacial_prosthetics_pd (1)
 
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014
Madhya pradesh journal 04 nov 2014
 
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcers
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcersAssesment and management of venous leg ulcers
Assesment and management of venous leg ulcers
 
oral medicine and radiology.PDF
oral medicine and radiology.PDForal medicine and radiology.PDF
oral medicine and radiology.PDF
 
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for Caregivers
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for CaregiversQurhealth webinar - Caring for Caregivers
Qurhealth webinar - Caring for Caregivers
 
4th Book- Mixed Dentistion Space Analysis.pdf
4th Book- Mixed Dentistion Space Analysis.pdf4th Book- Mixed Dentistion Space Analysis.pdf
4th Book- Mixed Dentistion Space Analysis.pdf
 
4th book mixed dentition space analysis
4th book mixed dentition space analysis4th book mixed dentition space analysis
4th book mixed dentition space analysis
 
5_6319057530018333794_230912_135008.pdf
5_6319057530018333794_230912_135008.pdf5_6319057530018333794_230912_135008.pdf
5_6319057530018333794_230912_135008.pdf
 
Attachment 1424531079729 resume-1
Attachment 1424531079729 resume-1Attachment 1424531079729 resume-1
Attachment 1424531079729 resume-1
 
4 5911393794221147857
4 59113937942211478574 5911393794221147857
4 5911393794221147857
 
India Today Magazine PDF.pdf
India Today Magazine PDF.pdfIndia Today Magazine PDF.pdf
India Today Magazine PDF.pdf
 
India Today PDF1 (1).pdf
India Today PDF1 (1).pdfIndia Today PDF1 (1).pdf
India Today PDF1 (1).pdf
 
India Today PDF1.pdf
India Today PDF1.pdfIndia Today PDF1.pdf
India Today PDF1.pdf
 

More from CLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital

1st Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- Periooral Soft Tissue & Orthognathic Surge...
1st Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- Periooral Soft Tissue & Orthognathic Surge...1st Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- Periooral Soft Tissue & Orthognathic Surge...
1st Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- Periooral Soft Tissue & Orthognathic Surge...CLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 
2nd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
2nd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...2nd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
2nd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...CLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 
3rd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
3rd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...3rd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
3rd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...CLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital
 

More from CLOVE Dental OMNI Hospitals Andhra Hospital (20)

Publication- acknowledgement- IJSCR.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement- IJSCR.pdfPublication- acknowledgement- IJSCR.pdf
Publication- acknowledgement- IJSCR.pdf
 
w&p.pdf
w&p.pdfw&p.pdf
w&p.pdf
 
1st Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- Periooral Soft Tissue & Orthognathic Surge...
1st Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- Periooral Soft Tissue & Orthognathic Surge...1st Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- Periooral Soft Tissue & Orthognathic Surge...
1st Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- Periooral Soft Tissue & Orthognathic Surge...
 
2nd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
2nd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...2nd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
2nd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
 
3rd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
3rd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...3rd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
3rd Book- Dr Rahul & Heena Tiwari- How to Write an Article and Publish it - C...
 
60th Publication- JCDP-5th Name.pdf
60th Publication- JCDP-5th Name.pdf60th Publication- JCDP-5th Name.pdf
60th Publication- JCDP-5th Name.pdf
 
2nd publication JISPCD-4th name.pdf
2nd publication JISPCD-4th name.pdf2nd publication JISPCD-4th name.pdf
2nd publication JISPCD-4th name.pdf
 
59th Publication- JCDP- 3rd Name.pdf
59th Publication- JCDP- 3rd Name.pdf59th Publication- JCDP- 3rd Name.pdf
59th Publication- JCDP- 3rd Name.pdf
 
3rd publication JCDR-8th name.pdf
3rd publication JCDR-8th name.pdf3rd publication JCDR-8th name.pdf
3rd publication JCDR-8th name.pdf
 
63rd Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf
63rd Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf63rd Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf
63rd Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf
 
37th Publication- JFMPC- 6th Name.pdf
37th Publication- JFMPC- 6th Name.pdf37th Publication- JFMPC- 6th Name.pdf
37th Publication- JFMPC- 6th Name.pdf
 
64th Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf
64th Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf64th Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf
64th Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf
 
65th Publication- JPBS- 5th Name.pdf
65th Publication- JPBS- 5th Name.pdf65th Publication- JPBS- 5th Name.pdf
65th Publication- JPBS- 5th Name.pdf
 
54th Publication -JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf
54th Publication -JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf54th Publication -JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf
54th Publication -JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf
 
41st Publication -JFMPC- 6th Name.pdf
41st Publication -JFMPC- 6th Name.pdf41st Publication -JFMPC- 6th Name.pdf
41st Publication -JFMPC- 6th Name.pdf
 
38th Publication- JFMPC- 3rd Name.pdf
38th Publication- JFMPC- 3rd Name.pdf38th Publication- JFMPC- 3rd Name.pdf
38th Publication- JFMPC- 3rd Name.pdf
 
36th Publication- JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf
36th Publication- JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf36th Publication- JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf
36th Publication- JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf
 
29th Publication -JMOS- 2nd Name.pdf
29th Publication -JMOS- 2nd Name.pdf29th Publication -JMOS- 2nd Name.pdf
29th Publication -JMOS- 2nd Name.pdf
 
79th Publication- NVEO- 4th Name.pdf
79th Publication- NVEO- 4th Name.pdf79th Publication- NVEO- 4th Name.pdf
79th Publication- NVEO- 4th Name.pdf
 
Publication - Abstract - ABG NPABG JMOS Supplemental Issue.pdf
Publication - Abstract - ABG NPABG JMOS Supplemental Issue.pdfPublication - Abstract - ABG NPABG JMOS Supplemental Issue.pdf
Publication - Abstract - ABG NPABG JMOS Supplemental Issue.pdf
 

Recently uploaded

High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service JaipurHigh Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipurparulsinha
 
Housewife Call Girls Hoskote | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Housewife Call Girls Hoskote | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingHousewife Call Girls Hoskote | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Housewife Call Girls Hoskote | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Bookingnarwatsonia7
 
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call NowKolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call NowNehru place Escorts
 
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safenarwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service ChennaiCall Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service ChennaiNehru place Escorts
 
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliAspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliRewAs ALI
 
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service SuratCall Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Suratnarwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...narwatsonia7
 
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service MumbaiVIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbaisonalikaur4
 
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service BangaloreCall Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalorenarwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Availablenarwatsonia7
 
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Miss joya
 
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...Miss joya
 
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...Miss joya
 
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls AvailableVip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls AvailableNehru place Escorts
 
Book Call Girls in Kasavanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
Book Call Girls in Kasavanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbersBook Call Girls in Kasavanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
Book Call Girls in Kasavanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbersnarwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...narwatsonia7
 
College Call Girls Vyasarpadi Whatsapp 7001305949 Independent Escort Service
College Call Girls Vyasarpadi Whatsapp 7001305949 Independent Escort ServiceCollege Call Girls Vyasarpadi Whatsapp 7001305949 Independent Escort Service
College Call Girls Vyasarpadi Whatsapp 7001305949 Independent Escort ServiceNehru place Escorts
 

Recently uploaded (20)

High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service JaipurHigh Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
High Profile Call Girls Jaipur Vani 8445551418 Independent Escort Service Jaipur
 
Housewife Call Girls Hoskote | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Housewife Call Girls Hoskote | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingHousewife Call Girls Hoskote | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Housewife Call Girls Hoskote | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
 
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call NowKolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
 
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Majestic 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
 
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service ChennaiCall Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
 
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliAspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
 
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service SuratCall Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
 
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
 
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service MumbaiVIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
VIP Call Girls Mumbai Arpita 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
 
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service BangaloreCall Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
 
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Servicesauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
 
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jayanagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
 
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
 
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Riya 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call gi...
 
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls AvailableVip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
 
Book Call Girls in Kasavanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
Book Call Girls in Kasavanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbersBook Call Girls in Kasavanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
Book Call Girls in Kasavanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
 
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service A...
 
Escort Service Call Girls In Sarita Vihar,, 99530°56974 Delhi NCR
Escort Service Call Girls In Sarita Vihar,, 99530°56974 Delhi NCREscort Service Call Girls In Sarita Vihar,, 99530°56974 Delhi NCR
Escort Service Call Girls In Sarita Vihar,, 99530°56974 Delhi NCR
 
College Call Girls Vyasarpadi Whatsapp 7001305949 Independent Escort Service
College Call Girls Vyasarpadi Whatsapp 7001305949 Independent Escort ServiceCollege Call Girls Vyasarpadi Whatsapp 7001305949 Independent Escort Service
College Call Girls Vyasarpadi Whatsapp 7001305949 Independent Escort Service
 

Publication- acknowledgement-AOMSI_Book- 1698.pdf

  • 1. Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Elavenil Panneerselvam Suvy Manuel Vinay V. Kumar Anshul Rai Editors Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician
  • 2. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician
  • 3. Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Elavenil Panneerselvam  •  Suvy Manuel Vinay V. Kumar  •  Anshul Rai Editors Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician
  • 4. Editors Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain hospital Bangalore India Suvy Manuel Ananthapuri Hospitals & Research Institute Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences Trivandrum, Kerala India Anshul Rai Associate Professor Department of Dentistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India Elavenil Panneerselvam Associate Professor SRM Dental College, Ramapuram Chennai, Tamil Nadu India Vinay V. Kumar Department of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden Video Editors Jimson Samson Vice Principal Prof & Head of Department Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Tagore Dental College & Hospital Chennai, India Nehal Patel Director, DCKH Cleft Center K. P. Sanghvi Hospital Surat, India This book is an open access publication. ISBN 978-981-15-1345-9    ISBN 978-981-15-1346-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6 © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2021 Open Access  This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Vivek Narayanan Dean, SRM Dental College Kaatangulathur Chennai, India Illustrator Mr Brishank Pratap Goa, India Voice-over for Videos Madhulaxmi Marimuthu Professor Saveetha Dental College Chennai, India
  • 5. v An important question that always comes up when a book of this scope and extent is written is: why do we need one more? This deserves a thoughtful answer and we shall try to do that while tracing the origin and evolution of this book from an idea. Since its inception in 1969, the Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India (AOMSI) has made steady and significant progress in terms of its vision and commitment to promote the field. The members of AOMSI have also evolved into a vibrant, multidimensional, passionate, and committed community of oral and maxillofa- cial surgeons who are making substantial contribution to the field in India and around the world. So it was only natural that the association decided to express its commitment to aca- demic medicine coinciding with its 50th year in existence. And what better way to express it than publishing an open source comprehensive textbook on oral and maxillofacial surgery. This book showcases the experts and expertise of AOMSI and has been made freely available to surgeons worldwide through generous funding from the association. We are delighted to see this open access book published for free use by worldwide community of MaxFac surgeons, especially the young surgeons and trainees in the field. This book is published with a CCBY license and we encourage associations and institutes to widely distribute the link to this book for maximum possible usage. The AOMSI was very conscious that the development of our speciality was not an insular one. As we evolved, we looked for guidance and training from colleagues around the world, and in return, we provided our bit of experience and insights. This exchange of knowledge is extremely important for ultimately improving patient treatment methods, techniques, and out- comes. The same spirit was applied in producing this book as well’ as we requested eminent clinicians and researchers from around the world along with our members to contribute to this book. The book has contributions by society’s members within India as well as 41 international authors from various countries. Thus, the extent of this makes it one of the most comprehen- sive textbooks on the topic. The contributors were invited by the AOMSI keeping in mind their scholastic profile while ensuring diversity and inclusiveness as well as a mix of young and experienced surgeons. All the contributors have a track record of being high-volume clinicians and educators in their field of expertise and are generally working at prestigious teaching insti- tutions. This textbook as a scholarly venture condenses and amalgamates both the authors’ personal experience as well as being in line with the current evidence-based treatment princi- ples in the field of maxillofacial surgery. In the beginning, the heterogeneous source of knowl- edge did pose editorial challenges in standardization of the chapter structuring and scope. However, the final outcome has achieved a blend of evidence-based, diverse surgical practices along with cutting-edge technology for the practice of maxillofacial surgery in a fairly uniform format. As the title suggests, this is meant to be a comprehensive resource for all clinicians, post- graduate trainees, and young surgeons in their day-to-day clinical work. Graduate students and surgeons will find this book useful in preparing for their university exams as well as board-­ certified exams from professional organizations. The book will help in decision-making, implementing treatment plans, and managing problems that may arise while executing these Preface
  • 6. vi plans. Overall, the key objective is to help crystallize current evidence and provide protocols, guidelines, and recommendations to assist dealing with most clinical scenarios. Keeping this objective in mind, we have included components like case scenarios and video recordings of surgical procedures in the book. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician is a compilation of 22 sections incorporat- ing 88 chapters dealing with the nuances in the principles and practice of cranio-maxillofacial and head and neck surgery. An important value addition is the library of 68 demonstrational videos that have been compiled to give the readers a more interactive feel with audiovisual inputs. The book is structured in a step-ladder fashion to guide the reader through the basic prin- ciples of surgery before exposing to the full spectrum of specialty cranio-maxillofacial work. The first section is devoted to the origin and scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a spe- cialty and a description of the training standards practiced globally. The next four sections are tailored to discuss the prospective patient, investigations, patient preparation, and anesthesia techniques. Subsequent sections focus on minor surgical procedures involving the practice of dento-alveolar surgery, implantology, and orofacial infections. With the above as the basis, the textbook progresses to complex surgical procedures including facial trauma, orthognathic sur- gery, TMJ, surgical pathology, and craniofacial and reconstructive surgery. The book also fea- tures two exclusive sections which provide the readers a perspective on practice management and research and publication. The editors of the book would like to thank the office bearers of the AOMSI, in particular, the dynamic and effervescent secretary, Pritham Shetty, for the constant support he gave while undertaking this project. Brishank Pratap, our tireless and innovative illustrator, needs a special mention for his superb rendition of medical and technical illustrations throughout this book. Our publisher Springer, particularly, Naren Aggarwal and Jagjeet Kaur, deserves our grati- tude for constant support and advice throughout the preparation of this book. Last but not least, we would like to express our deep appreciation for the authors for their time, efforts, and priceless contributions. We hope this book will be read worldwide, and we look forward to hear its critical reviews. Bangalore, India Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Chennai, India Elavenil Panneerselvam Trivandrum, India Suvy Manuel Uppsala, Sweden Vinay V. Kumar Bhopal, India Anshul Rai Chennai, India Jimson Samson Surat, India Nehal Patel Preface
  • 7. vii Part I Introduction 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������    3 Kishore Nayak Part II  Preoperative Assessment and Patient Preparation/Optimization 2 Preoperative Evaluation and Investigations for Maxillofacial Surgery���������������   11 B. Krishnan and Satyen Parida 3 Management of Medical Comorbidities in Maxillofacial Surgery�����������������������   25 Aditya Moorthy and Shreya Krishna 4 Medical Emergencies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Practice���������������������   49 Nallamilli V. S. Sekhar Reddy Part III  Anesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 5 Local Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery���������������������������������������������   61 Reena Rachel John 6 Office-Based Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-The American Model and Training���������������������������������������������������������������������������������   79 Payal Verma and Deepak G. Krishnan 7 Anaesthesia for Maxillo Facial Surgery�����������������������������������������������������������������   95 Rebecca Jacob, Subramanyam S. Mahankali, Renita Maria, Suman Ananathanarayana, Garima Sharma, and Mary Thomas Part IV  Imaging in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 8 Radiology for Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Essentials �����������������������������������������  121 Shyamsundar K. Joshi and Annie I. Kochuveettil Part V  Principles of Maxillofacial Surgery 9 Operating Room Protocols and Infection Control�������������������������������������������������  173 Rishi Kumar Bali 10 Pharmacotherapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery�������������������������������������������  195 Latha P. Rao 11 Wound Closure and Care in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery�����������������������������  217 Ravi Veeraraghavan Contents
  • 8. viii 12 Postoperative Care of the Maxillofacial Surgery Patient�������������������������������������  239 J. Naveen Kumar and Poornima Ravi Part VI  Dentoalveolar and Oral Surgery 13 Principles and Techniques of Exodontia�����������������������������������������������������������������  259 Anuj Jain 14 Management of Impacted Third Molars ���������������������������������������������������������������  299 George Varghese 15 Management of Impacted Canines�������������������������������������������������������������������������  329 George Varghese 16 Endodontic Surgery�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  349 Deepti Simon 17 Preprosthetic Surgery�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  361 Bobby John Part VII Dental Implantology 18 Basics of Dental Implantology for the Oral Surgeon���������������������������������������������  385 Supriya Ebenezer, Vinay V. Kumar, and Andreas Thor 19 Bone Augmentation Procedures in Implantology �������������������������������������������������  407 Vinay V. Kumar, Supriya Ebenezer, and Andreas Thor Part VIII Odontogenic Infections 20 Odontogenic Infections: General Principles�����������������������������������������������������������  429 Anand Shukla and Divya Mehrotra 21 Fascial Space Infections�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  441 Rajasekhar Gaddipati 22 Osteomyelitis, Osteoradionecrosis, and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of Jaws�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  461 Christian Walter and Christoph Renné Part IX  Maxillary Sinus and the Oral Surgeon 23 Maxillary Sinusitis ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  475 Kandasamy Ganesan and Neelam Rathod 24 OroAntral Communications and OroAntral Fistula���������������������������������������������  491 Suvy Manuel Part X  Nerve Injuries and Neuralgias of Oral and Maxillofacial Region 25 Trigeminal Nerve Injuries���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  515 Tara Renton 26 Trigeminal Neuralgia�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  531 Kandasamy Ganesan and Asha Thomson Contents
  • 9. ix Part XI  Benign Pathologies of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region 27 Cysts of the “Oro-Maxillofacial Region”���������������������������������������������������������������  549 Neelima Malik 28 Benign Odontogenic Tumours���������������������������������������������������������������������������������  577 Anjan Kumar Shah 29 Reactive Lesions of Oro-Maxillofacial Region�������������������������������������������������������  599 Raja Sekhar Gali 30 Fibro-osseous Lesions in the Maxillofacial Region�����������������������������������������������  615 Taranjit Kaur 31 Vascular Anomalies of the Oro-Maxillofacial Region�������������������������������������������  629 Sanjiv Nair and Sunil S. Shroff Part XII  Aesthetic Procedures in Oral and Maxillofacial Region 32 Non-surgical Modalities of Facial Rejuvenation and Aesthetics��������������������������  661 Arun Kumar Panda and Aarti Chowdhary 33 Botulinum Toxin and Fillers for Maxillofacial Esthetics���������������������������������������  691 Sainath Matsa 34 Hair Transplantation �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  707 Sreedhar Reddy Pothula and B. S. Jayanth 35 Ear Reconstruction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  731 Paritkumar Ladani 36 Management of Facial Scars�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������  747 Velupillai Ilankovan and Anna Sayan 37 Surgical Facelift���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  759 Velupillai Ilankovan and Tian Ee Seah 38 Rhinoplasty���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  775 Nasir A. Nasser Part XIII  Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 39 Lasers in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery �������������������������������������������������������������  817 Shravan Renapurkar and Robert A. Strauss 40 Piezosurgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery���������������������������������������������������  831 Shravan Renapurkar and Sowjanya Nagamalla 41 Computer-Assisted Navigation Surgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery������  841 Shintaro Sukegawa and Takahiro Kanno Part XIV  Practice Management in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 42 Human Factors Recognition to Enhance Team Working and Safer Patient Care���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  865 Peter A. Brennan and Rachel S. Oeppen Contents
  • 10. x 43 De Novo Practice of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery�������������������������������������������  871 Srinivas Gosla Reddy and Avni Pandey Acharya 44 Medicolegal Issues in Maxillofacial Surgery���������������������������������������������������������  883 George Paul and Manjunath Rai 45 Research and Publishing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery�������������������������������  927 George Dimitroulis Part XV  Salivary Gland Pathologies 46 Salivary Gland Pathologies �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  939 Nisheet Anant Agni 47 Obstructive Salivary Gland Disease and Sialendoscopy���������������������������������������  975 Prithvi S. Bachalli and Aditya Moorthy Part XVI Maxillofacial Traumatology 48 Primary Assessment and Care in Maxillofacial Trauma���������������������������������������  983 Saurabh Saigal and Manal M. Khan 49 Management of Soft Tissue Injuries in the Maxillofacial Region������������������������  997 Abhay Datarkar and Shikha Tayal 50 Dentoalveolar Injuries and Wiring Techniques����������������������������������������������������� 1013 Omkar Anand Shetye 51 Principles of Internal Fixation in Maxillofacial Surgery ������������������������������������� 1039 Abhilasha Yadav 52 Fractures of the Mandible��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1053 Anshul Rai 53 Fracture of the Mandibular Condyle��������������������������������������������������������������������� 1085 Vikas Dhupar 54 Intraoral Endoscopic Approach for Treatment of Condylar Fractures of the Mandible��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1115 Frank Wilde 55 Maxillary Fractures������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1125 Oommen Aju Jacob and Akhilesh Prathap 56 Fractures of the Zygomaticomaxillary Complex��������������������������������������������������� 1151 Elavenil Panneerselvam, Poornima Ravi, and B. Sasikala 57 Orbital Fractures ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1201 Ananthanarayanan Parameswaran, Madhulaxmi Marimuthu, Shreya Panwar, and Beat Hammer 58 Frontal and Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Complex Fractures��������������������������������������� 1251 Kannan Balaraman 59 Gunshot Injuries of the Maxillofacial Region ������������������������������������������������������� 1267 Lt Col Rohit Sharma and Maj Anson Jose 60 Panfacial Fractures��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1283 Kiran S. Gadre, Balasubramanya Kumar, and Divya P. Gadre Contents
  • 11. xi 61 Residual Deformities of the Maxillofacial Region������������������������������������������������� 1303 Samson Jimson Part XVII  Temporomandibular Joint Disorders 62 Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome����������������������������������������������������������������� 1343 Mirza Farhatullah Baig and Yashoda Ashok 63 Internal Derangements of the Temporomandibular Joint ����������������������������������� 1361 Gary Warburton 64 Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation������������������������������������������������������������������� 1381 V. B. Krishnakumar Raja 65 Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis��������������������������������������������������������������������� 1401 Sonal Anchlia Part XVIII  Orthognathic Surgery 66 Diagnosis and Planning in Orthognathic Surgery������������������������������������������������� 1437 Johan P. Reyneke and Carlo Ferretti 67 Surgery-First Orthognathic Approach������������������������������������������������������������������� 1463 N. Viveka Vardhan Reddy and Abhinand Potturi 68 Orthognathic Surgery for Mandible����������������������������������������������������������������������� 1477 Varghese Mani 69 Orthognathic Surgery for the Maxilla-LeFort I and Anterior Maxillary Osteotomy ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1513 Ashok Dabir and Jayesh Vahanwala 70 Facial Asymmetry����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1549 Neelam N. Andrade, Paul Mathai, and Neha Aggarwal 71 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome����������������������������������������������������������������������� 1577 Suresh Menon Part XIX  Developmental Deformities of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region 72 Cleft Lip��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1593 Pritham N. Shetty, Jaideep Singh Chauhan, Mamatha Patil, Neha Aggarwal, and Dipesh Rao 73 Cleft Palate ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1633 P. V. Narayanan and H. S. Adenwalla 74 Alveolar Bone Grafting ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1655 Veerabahu Muthusubramanian and Kalarikkal Mukundan Harish 75 Cleft Maxillary Hypoplasia������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1675 Philip Mathew, Mustafa. K, and Paul Mathai 76 Cleft Rhinoplasty ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1703 Sunil Richardson and Rakshit Vijay Sinai Khandeparker Contents
  • 12. xii Part XX Craniofacial Anomalies 77 Rare Facial Clefts����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1735 Srinivas Gosla Reddy and Avni Pandey Acharya 78 Hemifacial Microsomia (HFM) and Treacher Collins Syndrome ����������������������� 1769 Manikandhan Ramanathan 79 Modern Management of Craniosynostosis������������������������������������������������������������� 1813 David Koppel and Jaime Grant Part XXI  Malignant Pathologies of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region 80 Premalignant Lesions and Conditions of the Oral Cavity ����������������������������������� 1845 El Mustafa, Sat Parmar, and Prav Praveen 81 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning���������������� 1853 Vijay Deshmukh and Kishore Shekar 82 Principles of Surgical Management of Oral Cancer��������������������������������������������� 1869 Sushma Mehta and Moni Abraham Kuriakose 83 Sarcoma of the Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Region������������������������������������������� 1893 D’ Souza Jacob and Boyapati Raghu 84 Adjunctive Therapy in Oral Cancer����������������������������������������������������������������������� 1903 Amit Dhawan 85 Access Surgeries and Osteotomies for the Maxillofacial Region������������������������� 1915 Madan G. Ethunandan Part XXII  Reconstructive Procedures of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region 86 Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Maxillofacial Region��������������������������������������� 1941 Benjamin Turner, John Collin, and Rui Fernandes 87 Distraction Osteogenesis of the Maxillofacial Region������������������������������������������� 1969 R. S. Neelakandan 88 Hard Tissue Reconstruction of the Maxillofacial Region������������������������������������� 1997 Srinivasa R. Chandra and Vijay Pillai Contents
  • 13. xiii List of Videos Video 7.1   Demonstrates the technique of blind nasal intubation Video 7.2   Demonstrates the various steps involved in submental intubation Video 11.1  Various intra oral suturing techniques Video 14.1  Surgical removal of impacted lower third molar (Mesio angular) Video 14.2  Surgical removal of impacted lower third molar (Horizontal) Video 14.3  Surgical removal of impacted maxillary third molar Video 15.1  Surgical removal of impacted maxillary canine Video 17.1  Labial Frenectomy Video 17.2  Lingual Frenectomy Video 18.1  Posterior tooth replacement (Implant) Video 18.2  Immediate (Extraction socket) implant placement Video 18.3  Multiple teeth implant placement Video 18.4  Placement of zygoma implant Video 19.1  Chin graft Video 19.2  Placement of zygoma implant Video 24.1  OAF Closure by buccal advancement flap along with Caldwell luc procedure and nasal antrostomy Video 26.1  Ginwala operation Video 27.1  Cyst enucleation (mandible) Video 27.2  Cyst enucleation (maxilla) Video 28.1  Mandibulectomy (marginal) Video 28.2  Mandibulectomy (segmental) Video 30.1  Surgical management (bone recontouring) of fibrous dysplasia Video 32.1  Facial rejuvenation-HIFU Video 33.1  Botox injection for facial wrinkles Video 34.1  Hair transplant—FUE Video 34.2  Hair transplant—FUT Video 35.1  Ear reconstruction Video 38.1 Rhinoplasty Video 46.1  Sialolith-Removal of Sub mandibular calculi Video 46.2  Surgical excision of mucocele Video 46.3  Superficial Parotidectomy Video 47.1  Sialoendoscopy (mandibular) Video 48.1 Tracheostomy Video 50.1  Eyelet wiring technique Video 50.2  Arch bar technique Video 50.3  IMF technique Video 52.1  ORIF of mandibular symphysis fracture Video 53.1  Submandibular incision Video 53.2  Transmassteric approach Video 53.3  Retromandibular approach Video 53.4  Pre auricular incision
  • 14. xiv Video 53.5  Alkayat bramley incision Video 53.6  Rhytidectomy incision Video 56.1  Gillies temporal approach Video 56.2  Lateral brow incision Video 57.1  Infra-orbital approach for orbital fracture Video 57.2  Trans-conjunctival approach for orbital floor reconstruction with 3D mesh Video 63.1  Level 1 Arthroscopy of TMJ Video 63.2  Level 2 Arthroscopy of TMJ Video 63.3  Level 3 Arthroscopy of TMJ Video 65.1  TMJ ankylosis-interpositional gap arthroplasty Video 68.1  BSSO with bur Video 68.2 BSSO with saw Video 68.3 Genioplasty Video 69.1  Lefort 1 osteotomy Video 69.2  Anterior maxillary osteotomy Video 72.1  Millard rotation advancement repair Video 72.2  Bilateral cleft lip repair Video 73.1  Suspension palatoplasty Video 73.2  Revision palatoplasty Furlow Video 73.3  Partial palatal split palatoplasty Video 75.1  Anterior maxillary distraction Video 75.2  Cleft osteotomy (Lefort 1) Video 76.1  Cleft rhinoplasty Video 81.1  Wide excision of precancerous lesion Video 82.1  Modified radical neck dissection (MRND) Video 87.1  Extra oral mandibular Molina Distractor Video 88.1  Free fibula osteocutaneous flap harvesting List of Videos
  • 15. xv Contributors Avni  Pandey  Acharya GSR Institute of Cranio-maxillofacial Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India H. S. Adenwalla  Department of Plastic Surgery, Burns and the Charles Pinto Centre for Cleft Lip, Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Neha Aggarwal  Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Meenakshi Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Nisheet  Anant  Agni Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SMBT Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Nashik, India Suman  Ananathanarayana  Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Sonal Anchlia  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Neelam N. Andrade Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Yashoda Ashok  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Prithvi  S.  Bachalli Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Mirza Farhatullah Baig Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Kannan Balaraman  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Rishi  Kumar  Bali Postgraduate Department of OMFS, DAV Dental College Hospital, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India Peter A. Brennan  Maxillofacial Unit, Queen Alexandria Hospital, Portsmouth, UK Srinivasa  R.  Chandra Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Microvascular and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA Jaideep Singh Chauhan  Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, the Smile Train CHL Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 16. xvi Aarti Chowdhary  Department of Periodontology, SD Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India John Collin  DepartmentofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery,UniversityofFlorida,Jacksonville, FL, USA Ashok Dabir  D. Y. Patil University School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India Abhay Datarkar  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Medical College Premises, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Vijay  Deshmukh Deshmukh Institute of Maxillofacial Surgery and Research Centre, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India JIIU’S Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalna, Maharashtra, India Amit  Dhawan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SGRD Dental Institute, Amritsar, India George Dimitroulis Maxillofacial Unit, St. Vincent’s Hospital—University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Vikas  Dhupar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India Supriya Ebenezer  Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland El  Mustafa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK Madan G. Ethunandan Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial/Skull Base Surgeon, Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Lead, Head and Neck Cancer, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK Carlo Ferretti  , Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Rui Fernandes Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery and Microvascular Fellowship, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA Rajasekhar  Gaddipati Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India Divya P. Gadre  Gadre Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India Kiran S. Gadre  Gadre Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India Raja Sekhar Gali  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Medicover Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Kandasamy Ganesan  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southend University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southend-on-Sea, UK University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Jaime Grant  Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK Beat Hammer  CFC Hirslanden Kopf Zentrum, Aarau, Switzerland Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 17. xvii Kalarikkal Mukundan Harish  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Velupillai Ilankovan  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK D’ Souza Jacob  Maxillofacial Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guilford, UK Oommen Aju Jacob  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Rebecca Jacob  DepartmentofAnesthesiology,ColumbiaAsiaReferralHospital,Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Anuj Jain  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India B. S. Jayanth  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, ABMSS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Samson Jimson  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Bobby John Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India Reena  Rachel  John Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vinayaka Mission’s Sankarachariar Dental College and Hospital, VMRF, DU, Salem, India Maj Anson Jose  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ADC RR, New Delhi, India Shyamsundar K. Joshi Department of Radiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India Takahiro Kanno  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan Taranjit Kaur  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India Manal M. Khan  Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, AIIMS Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Rakshit  Vijay  Sinai  Khandeparker Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India Annie  I.  Kochuveettil Department of Radiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India David Koppel  Scottish National Craniofacial Service for Children and Young People, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK Shreya  Krishna Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, India V.  B.  Krishnakumar  Raja Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India B. Krishnan  Department of Dentistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 18. xviii Deepak  G.  Krishnan Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA Balasubramanya  Kumar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Marthas’s Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Vikram Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Vinay  V.  Kumar Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Moni Abraham Kuriakose  Cochin Cancer Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India Paritkumar  Ladani Swiss Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, BSES MG Hospital, Mumbai, India Subramanyam  S.  Mahankali Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Neelima Malik  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences “Deemed to be University”, Karad, Maharashtra, India Varghese Mani  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India Suvy  Manuel Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Renita Maria  Department ofAnesthesiology, ColumbiaAsia Referral Hospital,Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Madhulaxmi  Marimuthu Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Paul Mathai  Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Philip  Mathew Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Sainath Matsa  Praseedha Clinic for Maxillofacial Cosmetic Surgery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Divya  Mehrotra Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India Sushma Mehta  Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Suresh Menon Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Aditya  Moorthy Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Mustafa. K Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Veerabahu Muthusubramanian  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 19. xix Sowjanya Nagamalla  DepartmentofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery,VirginiaCommonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA Sanjiv Nair  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India P. V. Narayanan  Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Jubilee Mission Medical College Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Nasir A. Nasser  Barts London NHS Trust, Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland J.  Naveen  Kumar Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India Kishore Nayak  Bhagvan Jain Mahaveer Hospital, Bangalore, India R. S. Neelakandan  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MeenakshiAmmal Dental College and Hospital, MAHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Rachel S. Oeppen  Consultant Radiologist, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK Arun Kumar Panda  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, SD Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India Elavenil  Panneerselvam Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Orbit Oculoplasty, Aravind Eye Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Shreya  Panwar Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Ananthanarayanan  Parameswaran  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshiammal Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery, Shankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Orbit Oculoplasty, Aravind Eye Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Satyen  Parida Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India Sat  Parmar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK Mamatha Patil  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sparsh Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India George Paul  Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Vijay  Pillai Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Sreedhar Reddy Pothula  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pioneer advanced Hair Transplant Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Abhinand Potturi  SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana State, India Akhilesh  Prathap Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 20. xx Prav  Praveen Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK Boyapati Raghu  Maxillofacial Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guilford, UK Anshul Rai  Department of Dentistry,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Manjunath  Rai Department of OMFS, A.  J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Faculty of Dentistry, RGUHS, Bangalore, India Manikandhan  Ramanathan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, MAHER University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Meenakshi Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Dipesh Rao  Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Latha  P.  Rao Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India Neelam  Rathod Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southend University Hospitals NHS trust, Southend-on-Sea, UK Poornima  Ravi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Srinivas  Gosla  Reddy GSR Institute of Cranio-maxillofacial Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India N. Viveka Vardhan Reddy  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India Shravan Renapurkar  DepartmentofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery,VirginiaCommonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA Christoph Renné  Group Practice for Pathology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany Tara Renton  Oral Surgery, Kings College, London, UK Johan P. Reyneke  Center for Orthognathic Surgery, Mediclinic, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Sunil Richardson Richardson’s Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India Saurabh Saigal  Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India B. Sasikala  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Anna Sayan  Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK Tian Ee Seah  TES Clinic for Face and Jaw, Singapore, Singapore Nallamilli V. S. Sekhar Reddy  Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Anjan Kumar Shah Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajarajeswari Dental College, Bangalore, India Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 21. xxi Garima  Sharma  Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Lt Col Rohit Sharma  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 11 Corps Dental Unit, Jalandhar Cantt, India Kishore  Shekar Head and Neck Surgeon (OMFS), Ninewells Hospital and Dundee, University Medical School, Dundee, UK Pritham  N.  Shetty Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Bangalore Institute of Dental Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Omkar Anand Shetye  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India Sunil  S.  Shroff Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Anand  Shukla Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India Deepti Simon  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India Robert A. Strauss  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA Shintaro Sukegawa  Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan Shikha Tayal Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Medical College Premises, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Mary  Thomas Department of Anesthesiology, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Andreas Thor  Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Asha Thomson  Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norfolk, UK Benjamin  Turner Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA Jayesh Vahanwala  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vaidik Dental College Research Centre, Nani Daman, India Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India George  Varghese Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India Ravi  Veeraraghavan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amrita School of Dentistry, Ernakulam, India Payal Verma  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH, Cincinnati, USA Christian Walter  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Plastic Surgery, Mediplus Clinic Mainz, Mainz, Germany Gary Warburton Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 22. xxii Frank Wilde  Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital, Ulm, Germany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany Abhilasha Yadav  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Awadh Dental College Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India Video Contributors Prithvi  S.  Bachalli Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Ramdas  Balakrishna Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE’s Institute of Dental Science and Research, Bangalore, India Anandh Balasubramanian Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Mohan Baliga Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, MAHE, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Biswajit  Kumar  Biswas Avinash Institute of craniofacial and Reconstructive Surgery, Kolkata, India Lokesh Bhanumurthy  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Rohit  Chandra Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Max Hospitals, Vaishali and Noida, India Jaideep  Singh  Chauhan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CHL Hospitals, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Anil Kumar Desai  Craniofacial Unit, SDM College of Dental Sciences Hospital, Dharwad, India Anjaneya  Dube Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saptarshi Hospital and Cancer Centre, Jabalpur National Hospital, Jabalpur, India Gunjan Dube  Dube Surgical and Dental Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Shehzana Fatima  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE S. Girish Rao  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Shri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Apollo Hospitals, Sagar Hospitals, Trustwell Hospital, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India Charu  Girotra Department of OMFS, School of Dentistry, D.  Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Gaurav  Mahesh  Gupta Centre for Craniomaxillo Facial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Pushpanjali Hospital Research Centre, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India Rebecca Jacob  DepartmentofAnesthesiology,ColumbiaAsiaReferralHospital,Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, India Jagadish Chandra  Department of OMFS,Yenepoya Dental College,Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India Samson  Jimson Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagore Dental College Hospital, Chennai, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 23. xxiii Adarsh Kudva  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mahe University, Manipal, India Deepak  Kulkarni Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr D Y Patil Dental College, Pune, India Balasubramanya Kumar  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Vikram Hospital, Bangalore, India Paritkumar  Ladani Swiss Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, BSES MG Hospital, Mumbai, India Ummar Mangalath Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India Philip  Mathew Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala, India Sainath Matsa  Praseedha Clinic for Maxillofacial Cosmetic Surgery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Aditya  Moorthy Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Ravindran  Nair Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India Anuradha Navaneetham Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M R Ambedkar Dental College, Rajiv Gandhi University, Bangalore, India Nilesh Pagaria  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Shrikrishna Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India Arun Kumar Panda  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, SD Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India Ananthanarayanan  Parameswaran  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Nehal Patel  NuFace Maxillofacial Hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India Kavitha  Prasad Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India Satish  Kumaran  Pugazhendi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.  R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bangalore, India Gunaseelan Rajan  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Rajan Dental Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Rajasekhar  Gaddipati Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India Sushmitha  Rajmohan Department of Dentistry Maxillofacial Surgery, ESIC Model Hospital, Indore, India Aasya the Clinic for Face Jaws Teeth, Vijaynagar, Indore, MP, India Vidya Rattan  UnitofOralMaxillofacialSurgery,OralHealthSciencesCentre,Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education Research, Chandigarh, India Pothula Sreedhar Reddy  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, PioneerAdvanced Hair Transplant Center, Bangalore, India Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 24. xxiv Sunil Richardson Richardson’s Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India Senthil Murugan  Department of Oncology Reconstructive Microsurgery, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India DWIJAN Microsurgery Research Training Centre, Chennai, India Navin  Shah  Sunderlal Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KM Shah Dental College, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, A Central deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Yeshaswini  Thelekkat Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research Kollam, Kollam, Kerala, India Joji Thomas  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cosmopolitan Hospital Pvt Ltd, Trivandrum, Kerala, India P. Varun Menon  The Charles Pinto Centre for Cleft Lip, Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Jubilee Mission, Medical College Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India Sankar Vinod Vichattu  DepartmentofOMFS,MarBaseliousDentalCollege,Kotamangalam, Kerala, India B.  Vikraman Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Gary  Warburton Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors
  • 25. xxv Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya  did his postgraduate dental studies from Mangalore University, and then he obtained his MBBS from Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. He is also a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland. He is currently the project director of Smile Train Project treating cleft lip and palate deformities at Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore. He also holds the position of professor of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, which involves undergradu- ate and postgraduate training and the routine mix of maxillofacial surgical management. He is the editor in chief emeritus of the Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery and has numerous publications to his credit. Elavenil  Panneerselvam  completed her postgraduation in oral and maxillofacial surgery from the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Government Medical University, Chennai, India. She also has a master’s degree in business administration, specializing in hospital management, fellow- ship in Aesthetic Medicine and has been awarded Fellowship in Dental Surgery by the Royal College of Physicians Surgeons of Glasgow. She has contributed to textbooks on oral anat- omy, local anesthesia, plastic surgery, and pediatric TMJ surgery. Presently, she holds a faculty position at the SRM Dental College (Ramapuram), Chennai, as associate professor in oral and axillofacial surgery. She is a recipient of the MM Cooper Memorial Research Award from the Indian Society for Anatomists and the Ginwalla Trophy from the Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgeons of India. Suvy  Manuel  after his postgraduation from Government Dental College, Trivandrum, University of Kerala, in 2002, gained the Diplomate of National Board in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Membership from the National Academy of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; and Diploma of Membership in Oral surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. During his tenure in the UK, he attained the Membership of the Faculty of Dental Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, England. Subsequently, he attained the Fellowship in Dental Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. He is the MOMS RCSEd (Diploma of Membership in Oral Surgery) Examiner for the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in the Faculty of Dental Examiners, as appointed by the Dental Examinations Committee, RCS Edinburgh. He is former professor and postgraduate guide at the Kerala University of Health Sciences and is a reviewer for the Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. Currently, he is attached to the maxillofacial units at Ananthapuri and KIMS Hospitals, Trivandrum, India. About the Editors
  • 26. xxvi Vinay V. Kumar  completed his master’s in oral and maxillofacial surgery from Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India, in 2008. He was an ITI Scholar in the Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery in Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, Germany, in 2010, where he went on to complete his Doctorate of Medicine in Dentistry (2013), obtain a practicing license, and served as a visiting faculty. He completed the MD and PhD program at the University of Medicine, Rostock, Germany in 2018. He is currently a Specialist Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon in the Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden. Anshul Rai  is an Associate Professor in Department of Dentistry at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, MP. He has 54 publications to his credit out of which 24 belong to prestigious international journals. He has contributed as a coauthor to Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery by Dr. Borle. He is a Fellow of Indian Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (FIBOMS) and a fellow of the International Board for the Certification of Specialists in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (FIBCSOMS). He is a reviewer for Journal of Maxillofacial and oral surgery and Indian Journal of Dental Research. Jimson Samson  completed his postgraduate studies at the prestigious the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Since completing his MDS, he has been in academics. He is a journal reviewer and also a section editor. He has lectured at various national and inter- national conferences. He was also a faculty at OMFS workshops. His special interest in research has made him Vice-Principal—Research at Tagore Dental College Hospital, Chennai. In addition, he also heads the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. He has published in indexed journals. He is now the Hon. State Secretary of the Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry Branch. He is also an elected member of the Executive Committee of the National Association. He is a member of the Board of Studies for Postgraduate Studies of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Nehal  Patel  completed his master’s in oral and maxillofacial surgery from A.B.  Shetty Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. He did his fellowship in Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery from Mangalore. He did his mini residency in TMJ Arthroscopy and Total Joint replacement from the USA. He worked as consultant cleft and craniofacial surgeon in BSES MG Hospital. He is currently working as Director, ABMSS CLEFT PROJECT in Surat, Gujarat. About the Editors
  • 28. 3 © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2021 K. Bonanthaya et al. (eds.), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going? Kishore Nayak 1.1 History of Our Missions and Our Challenges Any discussion about the history of surgery inevitably begins with an invariable reference to Suśruta and his contributions to facial surgery, in particular. While the contributions of the sixth-century sage surgeon may somewhat be nebulous in a foggy poorly documented history, they are inevitably (and arguably) numerous but need not be elaborated here in any manner. What is lesser known and not often spoken about is that Suśruta considered surgery the first and foremost branch of medicine and stated, “Surgery has the superior advantage of producing instantaneous effects by means of surgical instruments and appliances. Hence, it is the highest in value of all the medical tantras. It is eternal and a source of infinite piety, imports fame and opens the gates of Heaven to its vota- ries. It prolongs the duration of human existence on earth and helps men in successfully fulfilling their missions and earn- ing a decent competence in life.” [1, 2] When applied specifically to the context of the specialty of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery (OMS) emerging in India, it raises many important questions on how we have emerged and more importantly what we see ourselves evolving into in the years to come. Perhaps all those debates that we labored along numerous times were all a part of our coming of age! Like elsewhere in the world, in the mid-twentieth century, we were probably practitioners of dentoalveolar surgery working under very trying circumstances moving on to where we are today. The specialty in India today, is truly all encompassing in its scope. It embraces the entire and extended spectrum of the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and as the Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India (AOMSI) approaches its 50th year in 2019, there is no better time to look back and reflect on the past and contemplate where we are heading. The changes that we have witnessed have been rapid and hopefully pro- gressive. From being oral surgeons, we transitioned and added maxillofacial surgery and to our quiver and perhaps to the chagrin competing specialties treaded into areas, once considered “gray” and broadened the scope of our practices. Mino S Ginwalla is regarded as the pioneer of oral and maxillofacial surgery in India. In the 1950s, Dr. Ginwalla arrived in Mumbai following surgical training in Montreal, Canada, and set up his practice at Nair Hospital. He was a part of the founding group of surgeons of the AOMSI in 1969. By the mid-70s, training programs were established in most of the major dental colleges throughout India. Today, there are numerous OMS training programs in India. The dental qualified persons are governed by the statutes of the Dental Council of India [3]. Currently, the Dental Council of India provides for a comprehensive 3-year pro- gram that includes a syllabus and curriculum that exposes trainees to standard procedures covering the full spectrum of oral and maxillofacial surgery [4]. This provides a legal framework for the OMS to function. This qualification itself is only permission to practice the specialty. In today’s sys- tem, competence and eventual ownership of key surgical domains often only come from structured post-qualification training. Thus, traditionally, the specialty in India continues to be predominately a dental subspecialty that leans toward the idea of a surgical branch of dentistry. While many arguments have been made for and against the need for a medical degree to augment the specialty, it is safe to postulate that for the near future, we will remain a dental specialty for a variety of reasons. North Americans seem to have found a middle ground and of the 101 OMS training programs in the US, 55 are single-degree programs (dental degree only) and 43 are dual-degree (dental and medical) programs, and three offer both options. Drawing comparisons to the international scenario, the specialty has always been on a pendulous path remaining undecided on the idea of whether it wants to stay a dental 1 K. Nayak (*) Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India
  • 29. 4 specialty or whether it wants to incorporate the medical degree. In the USA where this trend initially started, the practice of the specialty is protected by national, regional, and local legislature as a dental specialty. In reality, there is no perceivable practical difference in the scope of practice between single- or double-degree practitioners in the States. In the UK and many parts of Europe, the specialty has taken leaps and bounds toward the medical path of training and it could very well be only a matter of time before the Specialty remains only remotely associated with Dentistry. The pri- mary challenge was a lack of understanding, which centered on the debate of whether a medical as well as a dental quali- fication was required prior to surgical training [5]. Oral and maxillofacial surgery remains a specialty of den- tistry in India and most training programs involve a graduate study and thesis to obtain the Masters in Dental Surgery (MDS) degree. The dental practice act allows all qualified dentally trained oral and maxillofacial surgeons to practice the unrestricted and full scope of the specialty, similar to what occurs in the European nations that require a medical degree. In most of Europe, OMS has become a medical subspecialty. Public perception of the scope of practice of the specialty remains below par. The specialty gets confused with other surgical domains within both dentistry and medicine that we share a scope. 1.2 Expertise, Familiarity, and Competence “Innovation is the combination of different ideas and contri- bution of the different minds.” Laskin [6] attempts to address this problem by dividing the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery into three parts: areas of expertise, competence, and familiarity. • Areas of expertise include oral pathology/oral medicine, dentoalveolar surgery, preprosthetic surgery (including implantology), and maxillofacial traumatology. • Areas of competence involve orthognathic surgery, tem- poromandibular joint surgery, and local reconstructive surgery. • Areas of familiarity are cleft lip and palate surgery, regional reconstructive surgery, oncologic surgery, cra- niofacial surgery, and cosmetic surgery. Laskin’s system of classification, while seemingly appear- ing comprehensive, opens itself to a lot of debate and ques- tion. While there is no doubt that the areas of “expertise” are unique to our specialty, it is our foray into those areas of competence and familiarity that has led to the expansion of the scope of our specialty. This expansion and contraction of our scope may also be fundamental to continual evolution. A large majority of our colleagues in India and worldwide operate within the boundaries of that scope of practice defined as “expertise.” However, to turn areas of familiarity into competence and expertise will require that the training units and staff have the required skills and volume of cases to ensure hands-on experience and documentation. Only under these circumstances can we be assured that the skill sets and competencies will be transferred and become enduring. It is ideal that all trainees are trained to achieve compe- tence in craniomaxillofacial trauma, orthognathic surgery, and TMJ surgery (i.e., maxillofacial surgery). This and only this can provide the transition from Oral to Maxillofacial sur- gery. There, however, is a clear and present reality that not all training programs are equipped to achieve this goal. Even though training standards and syllabi exist, these standards are so broad that even programs with a very limited scope of training will meet accreditation standards by reporting a nar- row set of hospital-based procedures that are not representa- tive of the scope of practice required of modern OMS. Further, the interest of the trainee in training in the full scope of sur- gery is a factor that leads to mediocre training. The system of choosing a postgraduate training in OMS in India is severely handicapped and primitive. The factors that decide a train- ee’s choice of an advanced training program have nothing to do with their aptitude or interest in a specialty. It is purely based on their standing in a national entrance examination or their affordability of a position in a private institution. This leads to complete neglect of the student’s natural aptitudes leading to prosthodontists becoming orthodontists and endo- dontists doomed into the world of oral and maxillofacial sur- gery. A disinterested trainee will be barely motivated to improve the scope of their practice following completion of their training, often limiting their practice to general den- tistry and minimal indulgence in areas of “expertise.” Bell [7], when contemplating the future of education and training in the specialty, raises some very valid concerns, which seem to reflect the issues that affect the specialty and its future worldwide. Many reasons for the training dispari- ties exist today—including training program location, the presence or absence of a trauma center, limited head and neck surgery experience, and local politics—but regardless, the goal should be the same: to train oral and maxillofacial surgeons to competence in the core areas of the specialty that they will eventually practice. The key point is that we, as a specialty, should ensure that we train to competence and expertise based on geo- graphic location, years in practice, fellowship training, and academic involvement. In years past, if an OMS graduate wished to obtain training in any areas beyond basics, then he or she often sought it outside of the specialty, in either oto- K. Nayak
  • 30. 5 laryngology or plastic surgery. With the emergence of sev- eral teaching hospitals and colleges as well as standalone independent centers of excellence, this scenario has drasti- cally transformed in India. Further, the development of a number of fellowships that have been facilitated by the AOMSI has resulted in a robust system within the specialty that caters to the trainee’s desire, merit, and quite often desire to embrace technique and technology. The rapid and natural advent of OMS into areas of oncology and recon- struction, cleft lip and palate, craniofacial surgery, and aes- thetic surgery has been unprecedented and the critical mass of those who now fit in comfortably with these are their areas of expertise is on the rise. This has been a radical transformation. A few decades ago, wandering beyond the realms of dentoalveolar surgery and facial trauma inevitably encountered a glass ceiling. Today this has been most certainly breached. Moreover, while the majority of the specialty holds itself within the original areas of expertise, there is no doubt that the Big Bang Moment for OMS in India has happened and it is a great time to contemplate where we are heading. What does the future hold for the specialty as we drift on our very own Starship Enterprise? 1.3 Predicting the Future “Look back over the past, with its changing empires that rose and fell, and you can foresee the future, too.” Marcus Aurelius. Are we truly at a threshold or are we pieces in some con- tinuum? What factors will drive our evolution as a specialty in India and our extended regions? What trends can we pre- dictably follow to predict our future? Can we perhaps take a page from other fields in medicine to learn about ourselves? Will changing attitudes and aptitude of a new generation have a powerful impact on our profession or will we forever remain loyal to the vestiges of the legacy left behind for us? Technology will undoubtedly play an important role in our future. Not just technology in patient care, but technol- ogy in our lives. Telemedicine and teleconsults will become a part of our everyday practice allowing us to practice beyond geographic limitations. Teleconferencing will make biannual AOMSI face-to-face conferences obsolete. In 2018, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) simulcasted their Dental Implant Conference, as did the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Their experi- ence is that the while their total registration at these meetings went up, the number of in-person registrants did not dissi- pate. Consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeons all over the world have embraced telemedicine naturally, whether they realized it or not. Mobile technology allows the transfer of patient images and radiographs easily both for opinions and treatment planning. Such ease of access to patient images and documents has become a routine tool in emergency room triages of patients in the evaluation of the priority of care. While technology in its current form is often perceived, as interruptive to one’s lifestyle choices, the advent and immer- sion of artificial intelligence (AI) will make today’s technol- ogy ubiquitous without being intrusive. Operating theaters of the future are likely to be guarded by artificial intelligence. Imagine an operating theater that prepares itself based on the radiofrequency identification (RFID) of the surgeon who swipes her/his badge at the door—that surgeon’s preference cards get read by the system and a central core will prepare the instruments and supplies based on that surgeon’s choices for that particular case booked for him. Anesthesiology, radiology, and pathology are low-­ hanging fruits in the AI world. Radiologists in large tertiary-­ care centers in China, today, do not read radiographs anymore; they simply look at false positives read the previ- ous night by their AI system. The system then learns from such mistakes and makes corrections forever. Computer sys- tems today have the capacity of a thousand human brains to process data. The more data we feed these AI systems, the smarter they get. Google’s AI product called LYNA or LymphNode Assistant is a trained algorithm that is capable of spotting the features of tumors that have metastasized, which are notoriously difficult to detect. Self-teaching algo- rithm systems will likely replace monitoring duties of the anesthesiologists and critical care nurses in the hospital. Surgical robots are also constantly evolving incorporating precision haptics and AI. Robotic arms can already perform tasks independent of a surgeon yielding it. Imperfections and errors that a surgeon may cause in an operation are avoided in robotic surgery by consistent movements, angles, and access that can only be achieved by that robot. Imagine a robotic arm that can be programed to remove a mesioangular impacted mandibular third molar? The robot surgeon can assess the angulation of the impacted tooth based on the patient’s radiograph, adjust its angulation and access, make a buccal trough, and split the tooth precisely. Less error and more precision, perhaps? The day is not far before a robotic arm can obtain a tissue sample from our patients at a mall kiosk. Algorithms can then diagnose that tissue and their radiographs distancing the patient further away from the conventional practice of medi- cine. What is the future of our practices and our education in these scenarios? A well-informed patient with access to information and technology may surpass the traditional med- icine man for their healthcare. Direct to consumer marketing of healthcare tools such as genetic testing is already preva- lent in many countries. Several patients are aware of which chemotherapy may be best effective for the management of 1  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?
  • 31. 6 their cancers even before they see their doctor, today. Where does that place a specialist in the future? In a keynote address at the Royal College of Surgeons in London at the 50th anniversary of the IAOMS, Brian Schmidt DDS, MD, PhD, Director, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, and Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at New  York University pondered about the future of OMS internationally. He emphasized three units of care that oral and maxillofacial surgeons provide universally— 1. Management of maxillofacial trauma. 2. Management of oral cancer. 3. Management of craniofacial anomalies. His views suggested that the advent of seatbelts, airbags, and safer road conditions in most countries is diminishing our total volume of trauma. Further, patterns of wars have changed from the bayonets of World War I to drone-­ controlled annihilation that ensures death! While bar fights and interpersonal violence continue to create left-sided ZMC and mandibular fractures, the world of facial trauma is most certainly changing. He recognized examples of how personalized medicine is influencing the care of cancer patients. With our ability to map genomes and mutations, our ability to interpret cancer biology has had a meteoric rise even in the last decade. This leads to personalizing management via either chemotherapy or radiotherapy with predictable success making most can- cers chronically manageable diseases rather than a death sen- tence. The future of personalized medicine will most likely put the cancer surgeon out of an occupation. He introduced a study that demonstrated how a serendipi- tous finding in mice with Treacher-Collin’s syndrome treated for endometrial cancer with a chemotherapeutic agent knocked out the gene causing the craniofacial anomaly in the following generation. This suggested that we could poten- tially be looking at gene therapy for craniofacial anomalies, including cleft lip and palate. Schmidt’s observations and predictions suggest that the diseases and conditions that are the mainstay to our profes- sion will alter significantly in the future. Laboratories in Boston are very close to creating a template stem cells con- struct that will replace dental implants with naturally grown teeth. A dental caries vaccine is pending worldwide use. How will these fundamental changes alter the practice of our specialty in the future? Super specialization within the specialty is bound to hap- pen. Attendees of the annual sessions of the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons will be struck by the design of the sessions. There are sessions designed for oral surgeons, implantologists, educators, deformities surgeons, ablative surgeons, and separately for reconstructive surgeons, as there are for minimally invasive surgery, aesthetic surgeons, and lab research. Larger sister specialties like ENT-Otolaryngology have also separated themselves into subspecialties. In the US, Pediatric otolaryn- gology, head and neck Surgery, facial plastic surgery, otol- ogy, skull-based surgery and surgery for sleep disorders are all recognized subspecialties within ENT in the US, for which fellowship training is offered. The pediatric otolaryn- gologist who specializes in airway surgery is unlikely to attend a conference organized for the otologists. Similarly, domains within oral and maxillofacial surgery are already starting to branch out into subspecialty pods and practices are being limited to the practice of such sub- specialties. That focus on a specific area within the spe- cialty is also likely to be influenced by reimbursement for services. The subspecialties that rake in more money for the provider will thrive quicker and heftier than the latter. Changes in reimbursement strategies by hospitals will also evolve in this equation. For instance, in the US, where a large third-party payer system exists, clinical production for a practitioner is often not measured in actual dollars, but in revenue value units (RVUs). Complex longer cases like a head and neck disease ablation and reconstruction may not be related to a large reimbursement of dollars for the sur- gery alone; but the fact that the operating facility was used for several hours with the utilization of other resources such as nursing care, critical care, specialists like physical therapists, speech therapists, nutritionists, and a follow-up rehabilitation facility, all add up value to the health system ensuring reimbursement. While this model seems to be working for now, the prac- tice of medicine in the future unfortunately will be largely devised by the market and economics. The educational debt for training our future generation is getting out of hand. In a world where access to information is undoubtedly easier, the cost of a formal education is skyrocketing. Alternate models of education may arise disrupting this traditional model. Apprenticeships of the Osler era may be aft. Centers of excellence are likely to develop that allows a pathway of nontraditional training to an interested and talented trainee. Validation agencies like the International Board of Certification of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IBSCOMS) will have a bigger role in providing bonafide certification outside of the current commercialized and often-diluted edu- cation system. The millennial and the gen Z student will also play a large role in the evolution of the specialty. Today’s trainee learns differently, synthesizes information differently. They grew up on smartphones and Google searches and not in libraries or poring over Encyclopedia Britannica. They are visual learners with a panache for hand-eye coordination. They are multitaskers. No doubt that there will exist friction between a generation of older teachers and this generation of learners. And, that too will only be momentary. The new trainee is K. Nayak
  • 32. 7 focused on lifestyle choices and is not unabatingly focused on education and patient care. The new trainee values life outside of work just as much as work. This will bring a new kind of diversity to the workplace. To make things worse, they will be treating a generation of aging patients who are used to a different kind of doctor from their times. The aver- age patient is older and healthier and has demands that may have been considered unreasonable at one time. They are likely to be tech-savvy themselves. They will seek many opinions before they commit to the recommendations of their provider. They are likely to choose a surgeon based on the reviews on social media and the internet. Globalization of the medical industry and technology means that they might be willing to travel to have the same procedure and product used elsewhere than their hometown hospital. Surgeons are working longer than they ever did as well. What impact does that have in a crowded marketplace? Will aging populations of patients and surgeons see an impact on the way we work? Will longevity and increased career years keep the younger ambitious surgeon from getting to the top? The retirement age of surgeons differs all over the world. Surgery is mentally and physically demanding. What effects does that chronic stress have on both the cognitive and physi- cal decline in surgeons? Bhatt et al. did a narrative review on the topics of “ageing” and “surgeon” in Medline in 2016 [8]. They could not find any common ground in these studies. A surgeon who has to hang up his knife at 40 because of severe carpal tunnel in his hands is very different from one that has excellent physical health but severe cognitive decline. The variables were too many for them to consider any consensus on their research question—“when should surgeons retire?” They concluded that,” Competence should be assessed at an individual level, focusing on functional ability over chrono- logical age; this should inform retirement policies for surgeons.” OMS is like no other branch of medicine or dentistry. It has innovated, expanded, and usurped. It has replicated the old kingdoms, which created vast expanses as it rolled along. Eventually though, experience tells us that it can collapse under its own weight and might. As we look into the future, we must not ignore our past. Empires end for two reasons… problems from within and failure to protect their borders. As for empires, so for OMS. Our mistakes and pettiness must be acknowledged, accounted for, and learned so as not to repeat them. We might have the ability as a specialty to control most of our destiny, but some of it may be adapted based on our envi- ronments. At the end of it all, if the specialty takes heed of three fundamental principles—patient care, education, and meaningful research, we will continue to justify our exis- tence in the future. References 1. Suśruta Samhita. English translation by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna, Calcutta, 1907, Chapter 16, 152–154. 2. Raju VK.  Suśruta of ancient India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2003;51:119–22. 3. Paul G. The future of maxillofacial surgery as a specialty of den- tistry. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2017;16(1):1–2. Published online 2017 Jan 16. 4. Revised 2007 regulation of the Dental Council of India, Gazette of India Extraordinary No DE 22–2007, Government of India, dated 20th November 2007, pp 56–68. 5. Nayak K. Oral and maxillofacial surgery: It’s future as a specialty. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2011;10(4):281–2. 6. Laskin M. The past, present, and future of oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66:1037–40. 7. Bryan Bell R. Infinite cornucopia: the future of education and train- ing in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016;121(5):447–9. 8. Bhatt NR, Morris M, O’Neil A, Gillis A, Ridgway PF. When should surgeons retire? Br J Surg. 2016;103(1):35–42. Open Access  This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropri- ate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statu- tory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 1  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?
  • 33. Part II Preoperative Assessment and Patient Preparation/Optimization
  • 34. 11 © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2021 K. Bonanthaya et al. (eds.), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_2 Preoperative Evaluation and Investigations for Maxillofacial Surgery B. Krishnan and Satyen Parida 2.1 Introduction A meticulous preoperative evaluation with the intention of identifying modifiable clinical conditions and understanding the risk stratification is imperative for all patients being sub- jected to any invasive procedure, inclusive of oral and maxil- lofacial surgery. Preoperative evaluation of such patients would of course differ, often dictated by age and the overall health condition that they present with. The choice of anes- thesia may vary depending on the surgical procedure intended: general anesthesia, conscious sedation, regional blocks, local anesthesia, or various combinations of all of these. The current chapter focuses on the preoperative evalu- ation of patients posted for maxillofacial surgery under a general anesthetic in a formal operating room setting. Nevertheless, it is essential to realize that a preoperative evaluation is more or less standardized, irrespective of the type of surgery and practice (office-based dentoalveolar sur- gery, trauma, orthognathic surgery, elective esthetic surgery, craniofacial surgery, etc.) and anesthesia being planned. The goals of preoperative evaluation are summarized in Fig. 2.1 [1]. The intention is to minimize perioperative morbidity and mortality, to the best possible extent. The major step toward this goal requires the surgeon to be conscientiously aware of the general condition and clinical state of the patient so that in the eventuality of a critical event, he can intervene effec- tively and pertinently. This would involve modifying and customization of the patient’s overall management to ensure that perioperative adverse events are avoided. 2.2 Preoperative Evaluation The process of preoperative evaluation often begins with a standard history-taking and physical examination for the particular patient. A detailed history of prior medical prob- lems, any previous surgical procedures, family, personal, and social history, any chronic medications and allergies or addictions needs to be obtained. In addition, it is worthwhile obtaining details about the patient’s family physician if any, whether he has health insurance, the employer’s details if the patient is employed, contact details of relatives, and any other information that may be deemed appropriate. The max- illofacial surgeon has to judge how the medical problems of the patient will affect perioperative care, and conversely, how perioperative events would influence the management of the patient’s medical conditions. The patient’s comorbidi- ties could result in a significant physiologic decompensation due to myriad factors such as stress of the surgical proce- dure, original goals of the surgical intervention not being adequately met, and potential interactions between the regu- lar medications that a patient may be on or with drugs that may be required to be instituted as part of the perioperative protocol. The maxillofacial surgeon should, therefore, be cognizant of what could possibly go wrong, and how those situations could be remedied. Also, it is critical that the sur- geon be aware of all the medications (antidiabetic drugs, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, etc.) and medical comorbidities (cardiopulmonary, central nervous system, hepatic and renal disease, etc.) that the patient may be exposed to that could threaten the safe performance of the surgical procedure and have an adverse impact during the postoperative period. It is essential that every member of the perioperative team must be able to perform an independent assessment of the patient. This does not imply being ignorant of the other person’s assessment since information needs to be shared by all com- ponents of the team, but each member should have his own way of assimilating such information by adding to it by his own independent assessment. This is important because 2 B. Krishnan (*) Department of Dentistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India S. Parida Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India