1. Copyright 2013 @tcpipguru.com

2. Copyright 2013 @tcpipguru.com
Preface
The Ebook explains the fundamental concepts of routing and switching with case
study and examples. Internal analysis of concepts and how routing and switching
technologies work in different conditions are understood. This book is
recommended for audience who would want to understand the internal working of
routing and switching technologies.

3. Copyright 2013 @tcpipguru.com
Table of Contents
What happens when an IP packet reaches a router
What is the use of subnet mask on a PC.
How does a PC know if the destination is residing on the same or different
network.
How does a PC send a packet to the gateway.
How is a packet forwarded on a router.
What happens when a frame arrives on a switch.
What happens when an IP packet reaches a switch port.
How does a PC1 on SW1 communicate with PC2 on SW2.
What happens if the destination is shutdown on a switch.
How is a broadcast frame interpreted by a switch.
How is an IP packet with unknown destination handled by a router.
How does a switch populate a cam table
How is broadcasting handled in a VLAN environment.
How does a switch handle a frame with source and destination mac-address as the
same value.
Why is the encapsulation type 802.1q provided with the vlan number when
intervlan routing is configured on a router.
How is flooding and broadcasting different from a switching perspective.
What is the difference between a layer 2 and layer 3 broadcast.

4. Copyright 2013 @tcpipguru.com
How does a router handle a packet with unknown destination address with two
default routes.
What happens when two frames arrive simultaneously on two different ports on a
switch.
When is a static route configured on a router.
What is required for intervlan communication.
How many broadcast domains are there on a 24 port switch and a 24 port hub
What is the difference between default route and default gateway.
How does routing work
Which connection would be used on a PC with two internet connections
What is gateway in networking
What is the Use of VLAN
How does STP prevent looping
How do Routers populate routing tables for directly connected interfaces

5. Copyright 2013 @tcpipguru.com
What happens when an IP packet reaches a router
In the above diagram, PC1 is configured with the IP address 192.168.1.2 and
subnet mask 255.255.255.0. The router is configured with the IP address
192.168.1.3 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0. When PC1 pings the IP address
of the router, the source IP address in the IP packet is 192.168.1.2 and the
destination IP address in the IP packet would be 192.168.1.3. The IP packet
is encapsulated in an ethernet frame, which would have the source mac-
address as that of PC1 and destination mac-address as that of the routers
interface configured with the IP address 192.168.1.3. When the packet
reaches the router, the router would look into the destination mac-address
inside the frame. After verification, the router would look into the
destination IP address inside the packet. It would then understand that the
packet is intended for itself, and would then process the upper layer of the
packet.

6. Copyright 2013 @tcpipguru.com
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